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Polymerized ionic liquid (PIL), poly(1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide) (poly(ViEtIm + Br - )), is synthesized and it is immobilized onto the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via π-π stacking, giving rise to a PIL-MWNTs composite. 15 mg of the composite is packed into a mini-column for the on-line isolation/purification of bovine serum album (BSA) in a sequential injection system. A 91% adsorption of BSA in 2 mL solution (50 μg mL -1 , pH 5.2) is achieved. The retained BSA can afterwards be quantitatively recovered with 0.04 mol L -1 citrate buffer. The entire isolation process takes 500 s giving rise to an enrichment factor of 5. The practical applicability of this on-line protocol is demonstrated by processing human whole blood for the isolation of human serum album, and satisfactory results are obtained by assay with SDS-PAGE.

Formation control is essential for an underwater mobile sensing network (UMSN), an ad hoc network which wirelessly connects underwater vehicles of sensing and/or observing types via acoustic communications, to fulfill mobile sensing tasks. The problem of formation control for an UMSN with varying topology is studied in this paper. The methodology of synthesizing distributed formation controller which stabilizes an UMSN with varying topology is proposed on the basis of the stability analysis of linear time-varying systems. A case study has also been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the design approach.