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Su Yuan,1,2 Biao Zuo,2,3 Si-Cong Zhou,1,2 Meng Wang,2,3 Kai-Yue Tan,2,3 Zhi-Wei Chen,2,3 Wen-Fu Cao1– 3 1Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wen-Fu Cao, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Email caowenfu20220401@163.comPurpose: Our study aims to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of Astragaloside IV in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis(PF) through network pharmacology and experimental validation.Methods: We first determined the in vivo anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of Astragaloside IV by HE, MASSON staining, and lung coefficients, then used network pharmacology to predict the signaling pathways and molecularly docked key pathway proteins, and finally validated the results by in vivo and in vitro experiments.Results: In in vivo experiments, we found that Astragaloside IV improved body weight (P < 0.05), increased lung coefficients (P < 0.05), and reduced lung inflammation and collagen deposition in mice with pulmonary fibrosis. The network pharmacology results showed that Astragaloside IV had 104 cross-targets with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and the results of KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that cellular senescence could be an important pathway for Astragaloside IV in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Astragaloside IV also bound well to senescence-associated proteins, according to molecular docking results. The results of both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Astragaloside IV significantly inhibited senescence protein markers such as P53, P21, and P16 and delayed cellular senescence (P < 0.05). In in vivo experiments, we also found that Astragaloside IV reduced the production of SASPs (P < 0.05), and in in vitro experiments, Astragaloside IV also reduced the production of ROS. In addition, by detecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related marker protein expression, we also found that Astragaloside IV significantly inhibited the development of EMT in both in vivo and in vitro experiments (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Our research found that Astragaloside IV could alleviate bleomycin-induced PF by preventing cellular senescence and EMT.Keywords: astragaloside IV, pulmonary fibrosis, network pharmacology, cellular senescence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition

AimGut microbiota is of crucial importance to cardiac health. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a main active ingredient of Huangqi, a traditional edible and medicinal herb that has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiac fibrosis (CF). However, it is still uncertain whether the consumption of AS-IV alleviates cardiac fibrosis through the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Therefore, we assessed whether the anti-fibrosis effect of AS-IV is associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites and if so, whether some specific gut microbes are conducive to the benefits of AS-IV.MethodsMale C57BL-6J mice were subcutaneously injected with isoprenaline (ISO) to induce cardiac fibrosis. AS-IV was administered to mice by gavage for 14 days. The effects of AS-IV on cardiac function, myocardial enzyme, cardiac weight index (CWI), and histopathology of ISO-induced CF mice were investigated. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to establish gut-microbiota profiles. Fecal-metabolites profiles were established using the liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).ResultsAS-IV treatment prevented cardiac dysfunction, ameliorated myocardial damage, histopathological changes, and cardiac fibrosis induced by ISO. AS-IV consumption increased the richness of Akkermansia, Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011, and Rikenella. AS-IV also modulated gut metabolites in their feces. Among 141 altered gut metabolites, amino acid production was sharply changed. Furthermore, noticeable correlations were found between several specific gut microbes and altered fecal metabolites.ConclusionsAn increase of Akkermansia, Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011, and Rikenella abundance, and modulation of amino acid metabolism, may contribute to the anti-fibrosis and cardiac protective effects of Astragaloside IV.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The details of the defect model.

Latch-Up is a common circuit design problem in product reliability. Because of the poor design of the integrated circuit, the P-N-P-N junction in the chip is triggered by an applied current or voltage then to happen an internal latching current. The high temperature generated by the internal latching current will burn the internal circuit or cause the circuit to work abnormally. This paper is to discuss when the IC happen latch-up, we need to prepare different test sample ex. "de-cap package sample front side sample" / "de-cap package sample back side COB (chip on board) sample"/ Blue tape COB backside sample. We also compare the difference between each test samples. Finally we discuss EMMI (Emission Microscope) hot spot experiment for latch-up simulation that needs limited of current with each different COB sample. The stress current limitation will induce EMMI result, based on this fail model and improve the product Latch-up performance by reducing parasitic BJT (bipolar transistor) circuit current gain factor s.

Supplemental material, Figure_S2 for MiR-516a-5p inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting HIST3H2A by Xiang-Yun Ye, Ling Xu, Shun Lu and Zhi-Wei Chen in International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology

Supplemental material, Supplementary_data for MiR-516a-5p inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting HIST3H2A by Xiang-Yun Ye, Ling Xu, Shun Lu and Zhi-Wei Chen in International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology

Supplemental material, Figure_S1 for MiR-516a-5p inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting HIST3H2A by Xiang-Yun Ye, Ling Xu, Shun Lu and Zhi-Wei Chen in International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology

Salusin-�� is a bioactive peptide that protects against atherosclerosis and hepatosteatosis. Serum salusin-�� level is declined in patients suffering with renal insufficiency. However, it is still undefined whether salusin-�� plays a role in diabetic nephropathy. The present study was designed to investigate the potential roles of salusin-�� in diabetic renal disease. Herein, we demonstrated that the salusin-�� levels in both plasma and kidney tissues from diabetic rats were obviously downregulated. Exogenous administration of salusin-�� eliminated the typical characteristics of diabetic nephropathy. Salusin-�� treatment decreased renal fibrosis, which was related with reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells. Injection of salusin-�� suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via attenuation of NADPH oxidase subunits protein expressions and recovery of the antioxidant system. Mechanistically, the activated Akt/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy was counteracted by salusin-�� treatment. Our results demonstrated that salusin-�� exerted protective effect against diabetic nephropathy via reduced oxidative stress and fibrosis, dependent on inactivation of the Akt/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling cascade. Salusin-�� may be considered as a promising target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

High spinning speed1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H MAS NMR) was used to detect surface hydroxyl groups of diatomite, which include isolated hydroxyl groups and hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups, and water adsorbed on diatomite surface that include pore water and hydrogen-bonded water. The corresponding proton chemical shifts of above species are ca. 2.0, 6.0–7.1, 4.9 and 3.0 respectively. Accompanied by thermal treatment temperature ascending, the pore water and hydrogen-bonded water are desorbed successively. As a result, the relative intensities of the peaks assigned to protons of isolated hydroxyl groups and hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups increase gradually and reach their maxima at 1000°C. After 1100°C calcination, the hydroxyl groups that classified to strongly hydrogen-bonded ones and the isolated hydroxyl groups condense basically. But some weakly hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups may still persist in the micropores.

A one-dimensional NMR method is presented for measuring the transverse relaxation time, T2,n, of intermolecular multiple quantum coherences (IMQCs) of coherence order n in highly polarized spin systems. The pulse sequence proposed in this paper effectively suppresses the effects of radiation damping, molecular diffusion, inhomogeneity of magnetic field and variations of dipolar correlation distance, all of which may affect quantitation of T2,n. This pulse sequence can be used to measure not only IMQC transverse relaxation time T2,n(n>1) quickly and directly, but also the conventional transverse relaxation time. Experimental results demonstrate that the quantitative relationship between T2,n(n?1) and T2 is T2,n?T2/n. These results will be helpful for understanding the fundamental properties and mechanisms of IMQCs.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of a modified Tuina method in the treatment of childhood diarrhea.

Thirty-three infants with muscular torticollis were treated by Tuina techniques, and the size of the hardened sternocleidomastoid muscle in the affected side was B-ultrasonographically observed before and after treatment. Results: 27 cases were cured, 5 cases got effectiveness, 1 case failed and the total effective rate was 97.0%; B-ultrasonography, in the palpable cord-like or ovary-like lumps, showed low echo in 28 cases, moderate echo in 2 cases and high echo in 3 cases; there were significant differences in the length, thickness and width of the lumps between before and after treatment,P

Despite the improved survival rate among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, there are many factors associated with the mortality of SLE. In the current study, death-related factors of patients associated with course of disease were surveyed. Retrospective study was used. Mortalities among these three groups (group A, B and C, the course of disease was ≤ 5 years, 5-10 years and > 10 years, respectively) were calculated and compared. Various factors related to mortality were analyzed. Male SLE patients died relatively more than female patients. The total mortality was 8.5 %. The mortalities were significant difference in group A, B and C which were 9.4, 4.8 and 8.9 %, respectively. The mortalities of group A and group C were significantly higher than that of group B, but there was no significant difference between mortalities of group A and group C. The most common death-related factor was infection, followed by involved disorders in renal, brain, multisystem, heart, etc. The mortalities resulted from neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), pulmonary infection, involved digestive system and hematological system were significantly different between three groups. There was no difference between mortalities of group A and group C associated with pulmonary infection and NPSLE. Patients in group C died more than in group A from involved renal, heart, multisystem, etc, while group A had more patients than group C who died of pulmonary infection, involved hematological system. In conclusion, Male SLE patients have worse outcome than female patients. Infection and active SLE are not only contributors to the death of early stage patients, but also to that of later stage patients.

The management of resources and scheduling computations is a challenge problem in a campus grid. The article has given a new load-balanced-algorithm for grid. The algorithm decide the load which will transfer according to the Nash-equilibrium theory and the processing node's computing ability in the grid, in order to overcome the common algorithms which exit the fault of the heavy load of communicating and the message not in time when implement the algorithms.

The relationship between structural reliability and life is discussed. The concept of the spectrum difference factor is proposed, and its importance and usefulness are demonstrated. The fatigue scatter factor used for determining structural safe life in military specifications must include both the spectrum difference factor and the life distribution scatter factor. An expression is derived for estimating the reliable life of a structure that has been tested in several periods under different spectra.