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The generation of runaway electrons (REs) is observed during the low-density helium ohmic plasma discharge in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The growth rate of hard x-ray (HXR) is inversely proportional to the line-average density. Besides, the RE generation in helium plasma is higher than deuterium plasma at the same density, which is obtained by comparing the growth rate of HXR with the same discharge conditions. The potential reason is the higher electron temperature of helium plasma in the same current and electron density plateau. Furthermore, two Alfvén eigenmodes driven by REs have been observed. The frequency evolution of the mode is not fully satisfied with the Alfvén scaling and when extension of the Alfvén frequency is towards 0, the high frequency branch is ~50 kHz. The different spatial position of the two modes and the evolution of the helium concentration could be used to understand deviation between theoretical and experimental observation.

The Claisen-Schmidt condenstion between benzaldehyde and acetophenone has been carried out under hydrothermal conditions. The traditional weak base sodium carbonate and four common metals or metal oxides in laboratory were chosen to catalyze this reaction. The comparative study showed that Na2CO3, Zn, ZnO are three good catalysts for hydrothermal synthesis of chalcone, and the reaction conditions were optimized.

A new numerical scheme of the Crank-Nicolson type for backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) is proposed. The Gauss-Hermite quadrature formula is used to approximate conditional mathematical expectations in the numerical applications, and space interpolations are used to compute values at non-space-grid points. Some numerical tests are given to validate the theoretical results.