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BackgroundChina had achieved impressive success in improving maternal health, while the progress of reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR) varied across regions. Some studies had reported maternal mortality from national or provincial perspective, but researches of the MMR on long-term period at the city or county level rare been reported. Shenzhen has experienced significant socioeconomic and health changes, reflecting the typical development of China's coastal city. This study mainly introduced the levels and trends of maternal death in Baoan district, Shenzhen from 1999 to 2022.MethodsMaternal mortality data were extracted from registration forms and the Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Management System. Linear-by-Linear Association tests were used to evaluate the trends of MMR among different groups. The study periods were divided into three stages by 8-year interval and χ2 test or Fisher's test was used to test the difference in maternal deaths of different periods.ResultsDuring 1999–2022, a total of 137 maternal deaths occurred in Baoan, the overall MMR was 15.91 per 100,000 live births, declined by 89.31% with an annualized rate of 9.26%. The MMR declined by 68.15% in migrant population, with an annualized rate of 5.07%, faster than that in permanent population (48.73%, 2.86%). The MMR due to direct and indirect obstetric causes shown a downward trend (PP < 0.01), pregnancy-induced hypertension became the leading cause of deaths during 2015–2022. The constituent ratio of maternal deaths with advanced age significantly increased by 57.78% in 2015–2022 compared with in 1999–2006.ConclusionsBaoan district had made encouraging progress in improving maternal survival, especially in migrant population. To further reduce the MMR, strengthening professional training to improve the capacity of obstetricians and physicians, increasing the awareness and ability of self-help health care among elderly pregnant women were in urgent need.

High performance mordenite zeolite membranes were fabricated on four-channel Al2O3 hollow fiber substrates for the first time by using ball-milled mordenite particles as seeds. It was found that the particle size of seed played a vital part in the growth of membrane layers. The mordenite particles with a size of approximately 300 nm via ball milling enabled the growth of zeolite to form a uniform and defect-free zeolite membrane. The as-fabricated membranes showed high performance for isopropanol (IPA)/water mixtures separation. For IPA/H2O (90/10 wt%) mixture dehydration at 75 °C by pervaporation, the permeation flux of 1.43 kg m−2 h−1 and the separation selectivity of >10000 were achieved. The influence of feed water content on the separation performance of mordenite membrane was studied in detail. In addition to good dehydration performance at a low feed water content, the mordenite zeolite membranes also demonstrated long time stable separation performance for high feed water content systems. Permporosimetry measurements and molecular simulations showed that, unlike NaA zeolite crystal, the adsorbate water affected the expansion/contraction of MOR zeolite crystal framework weakly. Our research shows that MOR zeolite membrane shows good potential for the industrial solvent dehydration applications.

Results of the lag effect of air pollutants (NO2, PM10 and SO2) on preterm birth. Table S2. Maternal age categories relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for total PTBs with month control for temperature (1, 5, 95 and 99 % percentiles) at Different lag days with reference at 24.5 °C. Table S3. Sex-specific and Delivery models relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for total PTBs with month control for temperature (1, 5, 95 and 99 % percentiles) at different lag days with reference at 24.5 °C. Figure S1. Three-D plot of RR along temperature and lags for PTB with reference at 24.5 °C by further control of month. (DOC 15271 kb)

Results of the lag effect of air pollutants (NO2, PM10 and SO2) on preterm birth. Table S2. Maternal age categories relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for total PTBs with month control for temperature (1, 5, 95 and 99 % percentiles) at Different lag days with reference at 24.5 °C. Table S3. Sex-specific and Delivery models relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for total PTBs with month control for temperature (1, 5, 95 and 99 % percentiles) at different lag days with reference at 24.5 °C. Figure S1. Three-D plot of RR along temperature and lags for PTB with reference at 24.5 °C by further control of month. (DOC 15271 kb)