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The hot crack resistance and mechanical properties of flux cored arc (FCA) welds were investigated with three kinds of welding consumables having different boron (B) and manganese (Mn) contents for high strength carbon steel. The hot crack resistance measured from self-restraint testing strongly depended on the amount of B in the welding consumable. Welding consumable with higher B contents resulted in longer total crack length and an increased number of cracks. Boron was intensely detected near the grain boundary of the weld centerline by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis, and precipitated with boron carbide (Fe23(C,B)6), as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This promoted hot crack propagation in the high strength carbon steel welds. However, removing B from the welding consumable decreased the low temperature toughness for root and face weld metal due to the growth of Ferrite Side Plate (FSP) in comparison with welding consumables having more B or Mn contents. The addition of Mn in the weld metal suppressed the formation of FSP and increased the low temperature toughness. Therefore, the minimization of B and the supplement of Mn successfully achieved hot crack resistance and low temperature toughness for high strength carbon steel welds of 550 MPa tensile strength.

Indonesia has many local languages. One of the local languages used in Indonesia is Balantak language. It is used by people who live in 5 (five) sub-districts in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi. In Balantak language, there are a number of words which are formed by using reduplication. Reduplication is found in many languages but is quite diverse as a process and in its. Due to reduplicated words in Balantak language, the writers are interested in analyzing the problem statement about: What are the forms of reduplicated words in Balantak language? Reduplication is the repetition of an entire word or part of the word. According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010), reduplications are a very common morphological operation, whereby part of the base orthe complete base is copied and attached to the base (either preceding or following it). In Balantak language both forms of reduplication are found full reduplication and partial reduplication, and each form consists of various kind of words.

Generating wind power scenarios is very important for studying the impacts of multiple wind farms that are interconnected to the grid. We develop a graph convolutional generative adversarial network (GCGAN) approach by leveraging GAN's capability in generating large number of realistic scenarios without using statistical modeling. Unlike existing GAN-based wind power data generation approaches, we design GAN's hidden layers to match the underlying spatial and temporal characteristics. We advocate the use of graph filters to embed the spatial correlation among multiple wind farms, and a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional layer to represent the temporal feature filters. The proposed graph and feature filter design significantly reduce the GAN model complexity, leading to improvements in training efficiency and computation complexity. Numerical results using real wind power data from Australia demonstrate that the scenarios generated by the proposed GCGAN exhibit more realistic spatial and temporal statistics than other GAN-based outputs.

Additional file 1. Materials and methods, Figure S1. viability of the cancer cells depending on the treatment time at a CB concentration of 5 μg/mL. Figure S2. the size distribuiton of CB-induced EVs, Figure S3. Amount of vesicular proteins after CB treatment, and Figure S4. two-colored live/dead assay for comparing viability of the cancer cells capture on fabric filters.

The invention relates to novel polymer-based microstructures, with outstanding shape accuracy and cost-effective processing. The novel polymers are based on hyperbranched macromolecules and enable remarkable property combination such as reduced shrinkage and associated low stress, high shape fidelity and high aspect ratio in patterned microstructures, with additional benefit of fast and low-cost production methods. The invention also relates to methods to produce these microstructures. The polymer-based microstructures are relevant for, but not limited to micro- and nano- technologies applications, including lab-on-a-chip devices, opto-electronic and micro- electromechanical devices, optical detection methods, in fields of use as diverse as automotive, aerospace, information technologies, medical and biotechnologies, and energy systems.