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BackgroundThe Government of South Korea launched a national preemptive latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening program in 2016, including more than 1. 6 million population in congregate settings. The objective of this study was to analyze LTBI prevalence and its risk factors in each setting. Additionally, the proportion of LTBI pool covered by the current national LTBI strategy was investigated.MethodsDatabase for results of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), X-ray, and baseline demographic information was linked with National Health Information Database, national tuberculosis (TB) surveillance database, and national contact investigation database. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group A, workers of postpartum care centers, social welfare facilities and educational institutions; Group B, first year students in high school and out-of-school youths; and Group C, inmates of correctional facilities. Relative risks of LTBI by sex, age, place of living, income level, and comorbidities were calculated.ResultsA total of 444,394 participants in Group A, 272,224 participants in Group B, and 11,511 participants in Group C who participated in the national LTBI screening program between 2017 and 2018 were included, with LTBI prevalence of 20.7, 2.0, and 33.2%, respectively. Age was the single most important risk factor in Group A and Group C. Low-income level was another risk factor commonly identified in all groups. Among participants with positive IGRA results, 2.7, 4.4, and 3.3% in Groups A, B and C, respectively, had past TB exposure history since 2013. Current LTBI guideline targeting high or moderate TB risk disease covered 6.5, 0.6, and 1.1% of participants with positive IGRA results in Groups A, B and C, respectively.ConclusionOnly a small proportion of participants with positive IGRA results could be covered by the current LTBI strategy. Expansion of LTBI strategy by identifying further high-TB risk group in the general population is required.

Structure pruning is an effective method to compress and accelerate neural networks. While filter and channel pruning are preferable to other structure pruning methods in terms of realistic acceleration and hardware compatibility, pruning methods with a finer granularity, such as intra-channel pruning, are expected to be capable of yielding more compact and computationally efficient networks. Typical intra-channel pruning methods utilize a static and hand-crafted pruning granularity due to a large search space, which leaves room for improvement in their pruning performance. In this work, we introduce a novel structure pruning method, termed as dynamic structure pruning, to identify optimal pruning granularities for intra-channel pruning. In contrast to existing intra-channel pruning methods, the proposed method automatically optimizes dynamic pruning granularities in each layer while training deep neural networks. To achieve this, we propose a differentiable group learning method designed to efficiently learn a pruning granularity based on gradient-based learning of filter groups. The experimental results show that dynamic structure pruning achieves state-of-the-art pruning performance and better realistic acceleration on a GPU compared with channel pruning. In particular, it reduces the FLOPs of ResNet50 by 71.85% without accuracy degradation on the ImageNet dataset. Our code is available at https://github.com/irishev/DSP.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666231169472 for Heterogeneity of asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap from a cohort of patients with severe asthma and COPD by Joon Young Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Kwang Ha Yoo, Ki-Suck Jung, Jae Ha Lee, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Seung Won Ra, Myung Goo Lee and Yong Suk Jo in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666231169472 for Heterogeneity of asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap from a cohort of patients with severe asthma and COPD by Joon Young Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Kwang Ha Yoo, Ki-Suck Jung, Jae Ha Lee, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Seung Won Ra, Myung Goo Lee and Yong Suk Jo in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 1. Table S1. Difference of clinical characteristics between non-CB and CB in ever-smokers. Table S2. Difference of clinical characteristics between mild CB and severe CB in ever-smokers. Table S3. Frequency of exacerbations for CB compared with non-CB patients in ever-smokers. Table S4. Frequency of exacerbations for severe CB compared with mild CB in ever-smokers.

Additional file 3: Table S1. Meta-regression analyses of nine studies where hazard ratios for the influence of %ΔSUVmax on disease-free survival at interim PET scan were available. We provided detailed results of meta-regression analyses including regression coefficients and P values.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Forest plots of studies assessing the HRs of %ΔSUVmax at the interim evaluation for disease-free survival in Stage II–III breast cancer. We provided forest plots supporting the pooled HRs for the influence of %ΔSUVmax on disease-free survival in stage II–III breast cancer patients at the interim evaluation. (PPTX 78 kb)

Additional file 1. The queries and results of electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We provided queries and results of electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases as tables.

Background and Aim: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of ambulatory care sensitive condition. Because prevalence is high and a large amount of health care resources is needed, management is important. This study was conducted nationwide to improve quality of patient management, reduce progression to severe status and make reasonable medical care expenses in COPD. Methods: The assessment was proceeded over 3 times from April 2015 to April 2017. It was nationally implemented by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, which evaluated costs for medical care expenses of COPD. Results: The number of people was 141,782 in the first assessment, 142,790 in the second and 143,339 people in the third. The number of medical care institutions was 6,691 sites in the first assessment, 6,722 sites in the second and 6,470 sites in the third. The implementation rate of pulmonary function test (PFT) was 58.7% in the first assessment, 62.53% in the second and 67.92% in the third, showing a growing trend. The continuous visit rate of patients was 85.46% in the first assessment, 92.12% in second and 84.95% in third. The prescription rate of bronchodilator was 67.93% in the first assessment, 71.19% in the second and 76.93% in the third, on the rise. After the first and second assessment, medical expenses due to admission and visit to emergency department in tertiary referral hospital was reduced. Conclusion: As a result of quality assessment, the implementation rate of PFT and prescription rate of bronchodilator have been improved. Acknowledgments: This study is supported by the Joint Project on Quality Assessment Research of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.