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1. Human activities and zoonotic epidemics: a two-way relationship. The case of the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Despoina D. Tounta, Panagiotis T. Nastos, and Christine Tesseromatis

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract

Non-technical summary Humans have the tendency to damage the natural environment in many ways. Deforestation and conversion of forests for residential, industrial development, and expansion of agricultural crops, as well as the burning of fossil fuels, are some activities that disrupt natural ecosystems and wildlife and contribute to climate change. As a result, the life cycles of pathogens and intermediate hosts (insects, rodents, mammals) as well as biodiversity are affected. Through these activities, humans meet wild animals that transmit pathogens, resulting in their infection by zoonoses and causing epidemics–pandemics, the effects of which have as their final recipient himself and his activities. Technical summary This article aims to highlight the two-way relationship between those human activities and the occurrence of epidemics–pandemics. We will try to elaborate this two-way relationship, through the overview of the current pandemic (origin of SARS-CoV-2, modes of transmission, clinical picture of the disease of COVID-19, influence of weather and air pollution on prevalence and mortality, pandemic effects, and treatments). They are used as primary sources, scientific articles, literature, websites, and databases (Supplementary appendix) to analyze factors involved in the occurrence and transmission of zoonotic diseases in humans (Ebola, influenza, Lyme disease, dengue fever, cholera, AIDS/HIV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV). The present paper concluded that humanity today faces two major challenges: controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and minimizing the risk of a new global health crisis occurring in the future. The first can be achieved through equitable access to vaccines and treatments for all people. The second needs the global community to make a great change and start protecting the natural environment and its ecosystems through the adoption of prevention policies. Summary of social media Two-way relationship between human activities and epidemics highlighted, through review of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2022

2. Hypericum perforatum L. treatment restored bone mass changes in swimming stressed rats

Author

Nikos, Seferos, Loukas, Petrokokkinos, Antonia, Kotsiou, George, Rallis, and Christine, Tesseromatis

Subjects
Male, Plant Extracts, Mandible, Cold Temperature, Disease Models, Animal, Random Allocation, Bone Density, Animals, Femur, Rats, Wistar, Hypericum, Stress, Psychological, Swimming, Phytotherapy
Abstract

Stress, via corticosteroids release, influences bone mass density. Hypericum perforatum (Hp) a traditional remedy possess antidepressive activity (serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and wound healing properties. Hp preparation contains mainly hypericin, hyperforin, hyperoside and flavonoids exerting oestrogen-mimetic effect. Cold swimming represents an experimental model of stress associating mental strain and corporal exhaustion.This study investigates the Hp effect on femur and mandible bone mass changes in rats under cold forced swimming procedure.30 male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups. Group A was treated with Methanolic extract of Hp (Jarsin®) via gastroesophageal catheter, and was submitted to cold swimming stress for 10 min/daily. Group B was submitted to cold stress, since group C served as control. Experiment duration was 10 days. Haematocrite and serum free fatty acids (FFA) were estimated. Furthermore volume and specific weight of each bone as well as bone mass density via dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were measured. Statistic analysis by t-test.Hp treatment restores the stress injuries. Adrenals and bone mass density regain their normal values.Injuries occurring by forced swimming stress in the rats are significantly improved by Hp treatment. Estrogen-like effects of Hp flavonoids eventually may act favorable in bone remodeling.

Published
2016

3. Effect of L-carnitine administration on the modulated rat brain protein concentration, acetylcholinesterase, Na+K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities induced by forced swimming

Author

Christine Tesseromatis, Kleopatra H. Schulpis, Panagoula Angelogianni, Stylianos Tsakiris, and Theodore Tsakiris

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Free Radicals, Aché, ATPase, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carnitine, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Rats, Wistar, Na+/K+-ATPase, Incubation, Swimming, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Brain, General Medicine, Acetylcholinesterase, language.human_language, Rats, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, Enzyme, chemistry, language, biology.protein, Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase, Oxidative stress, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Forced exercise produces free radicals and L-carnitine (L-C) administration reduces oxidative stress. Aim: To investigate whether short (2 hours) or prolonged (3 hours) forced swimming could modulate total antioxidant status (TAS), protein concentration and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na + K + -ATPase and Mg 2+ -ATPase in rat brain following intraperitonal administration of L-C (300 mg/kg). Methods: TAS, protein and enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: TAS, protein concentration and AChE activity were reduced, whereas Na + K + -ATPase and Mg 2+ -ATPase were significantly increased after either 2 or 3 hours of training. L-C administration resulted in a profound restoration of TAS and protein concentration whereas AChE and Na + K + -ATPase were increased before exercise, followed by AChE restoration and Na + K + -ATPase reduction after exercise. Mg 2+ -ATPase remained unchanged. An in vitro study using L-C incubation of brain homogenates previously treated with L-C resulted in complete restoration of the modulated enzymes, whereas the enzyme activities from untreated animals remained unaltered. Conclusions: Short or prolonged swimming in rats may result in a reduction of brain TAS, protein concentration and AChE activity, and an activation of Na + K + -ATPase and Mg 2+ -ATPase. L-C administration may prevent reduction in TAS and protein concentration, and a decrease in AChE and Na + K + -ATPase activity; the latter reached pre-exercise values after L-C incubation.

Published
2008

5. The influence of simvastatin in rats mandible and femur bone mass under Freund's adjuvant arthritis

Author

Nikos, Seferos, Alkistis, Pantopoulou, Antonia, Kotsiou, Georgios, Rallis, and Christine, Tesseromatis

Subjects
Male, Random Allocation, Simvastatin, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density, Freund's Adjuvant, Animals, Femur, Mandible, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Rats, Wistar, Arthritis, Experimental, Rats
Abstract

OBJECTIVES. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats has been used widely as a model of rodent arthropathy and polyarthritis followed by osteoporosis, decreased bone formation and increased bone formation. Osteoporosis is characterized by rapid reduce of bone mass affecting more than 100 million people worldwide. Periodontitis a chronic inflammatory, of multifactorian origin disease has been associated with general osteoporosis. Protective bone-specific anabolic and antiresorptive effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have also been evaluated in normal and osteoporotic bone. AIM. The aim of the study was to investigate mandible and femur bone density in Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis rats under the influence of simvastatin. METHODS. Three groups (A, B, C) of 7 Wistar male rats each aged 3 months, (292±48.38 g) were used. A control. Group B and C subjected experimental arthritis via complete Freund's adjuvant injected in right paw. Group C was treated with simvastatin 0.5 mg/kg/daily po 14 days. Femur, mandible were isolated and sizes parameters, biochemical serum findings and BMD were estimated. RESULTS. CFA established by paw diameter, adrenals and spleen weight increase and thymus weight decrease, while biochemical serum findings were also affected. Reduced femur, mandible weight and general bone mass parameters BMD evaluated via DEXA occurred and restored under simvastatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS. CFA induced mandible and femur injuries are repaired by ssimvatatin treatment that could be therapeutically useful.

Published
2012

6. Protein Binding of Drugs

Author

Christine Tesseromatis and Antonia Kotsiou

Subjects
Biochemistry, Chemistry, Plasma protein binding
Published
2011

7. List of Contributors

Author

Rocio Abia, Marcia Barbosa Aguila, Miguel Alcaraz, Giancarlo Aldini, Alvaro Alonso, Gerardo Álvarez de Cienfuegos, Joana S. Amaral, Paolo Amirante, Victoria Amores, Angela Amoruso, Paula B. Andrade, I. Andreadou, Alberto Angioni, Aysun Ankan, Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes, C. Apetrei, María A. Aramendía, Jose Miguel Arbones-Mainar, José L. Arias, Giuseppe Arienti, Sergio Armenta, Nimmer Assy, Nama’a Audi, Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi, Amaia Azqueta, Diana Badiu, Davide Ballabio, Manoela Ruchiga Balesteros, Evaristo Ballesteros, Décio Sabbatini Barbosa, Alexandra Barbouti, Claudio Bardelli, Eva Batanero, Leslie Baumann, Obdulio Benavente-García, Peter Becker, Alessandra Bendini, Simona Benedetti, Giangiacomo Beretta, Beatriz Bermudez, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Maria de Lourdes Pires Bianchi, Giuseppe Bisignano, Santos Blanco, George Boskou, Tania Bracci, Laura Bravo, Manuel Brenes, Maria Antonietta Brescia, Evangelos Briasoulis, Sandra Brunelleschi, Remo Bucci, Genevieve Buckland, Susanna Buratti, María I. Buróníó, Matteo Busconi, Rosana Cabello-Moruno, Pierluigi Caboni, Paolo Cabras, Cinzia Caggia, Desiree Camuesco, Jesús Cancelas, Giovambattista Capasso, F. Priego Capote, Soledad Cárdenas, Maria Annunziata Carluccio, Alegria Carrasco-Pancorbo, Rosa Carnuccio, María Pilar Carrera, Antonio Segura Carretero, Francisco Javier Casado, Julián Castillo, Nuria Caturla, Lorenzo Cerretani, Rosa Chillemi, Antonia Chiou, Shin-Geon Choi, Mildred S. Christian, Niki Chondrogianni, Itziar Churruca, Miguel de la Guardia Cirugeda, Antonio de Castro, Raffaele De Caterina, Chiara Cavaliere, Ioanna Chinou, Maria Lisa Clodoveo, Manuel A. Coimbra, Lanfranco S. Conte, M. Stella Cosio, Maria Isabel Covas, Véronique Coxam, Sara C. Cunha, Jose Antonio Curiel, Stefania D’Angelo, Hannelore Daniel, Marie-Jeanne Davicco, Maria Luigia De Bonis, M.D. Luque De Castro, Manuel de la Higuera, Cristina de la Puerta, Blanca de las Rivas, Rafael de la Torre, Debora Delcuratolo, Antonella De Leonardis, Maria De Lucia, Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira, Manuel A. de Pablo, Baukje De Roos, Jose A. De Saja, Daniela De Stefano, Giuseppa Di Bella, Isaias Dichi, Robert M. Diener, Verena M. Dirsch, Marco d’Ischia, Fathi Driss, Giacomo Dugo, Paresh C. Dutta, Yutaka Ebizuk, Jamel El-Benna, Francisco J. Esteban, Amparo Estepa, Joaquim C.G. Esteves da Silva, Roberto Fabiani, Roberto Maffei Facino, M.A. Faria, Miguel Faria, José O. Fernandes, Alberto Fernandez-Gutierrez, Rafael Fernández-Montesinos, Mónica Fernández-Navarro, Alfredo Fernández-Quintela, Adriana Ferreira Faria, Montserrat Fitó, Corrado Fogher, Patrizia Foglia, Flavia Franconi, Giuseppe Fregapane, Kazuma Fujimoto, Takehiro Fujise, Pio Maria Furneri, Visitación Gallardo, Patrizia Galletti, Julio Galvez, Aranzazu Garcia, I.M. García, Pedro P. García-Luna, Antonio Garrido-Fernández, Salvador Garrigues, Math J.H. Geelen, Taxiarchis Geladopoulos, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Antonia Garrido Frenich, Dimitrios Galaris, Anwarul Hassan Gilani, Chris I.R. Gill, Claudio Giovannini, Jörg Glatzle, Gabriele V. Gnoni, Tommaso Gomes, Aurora Gómez-Rico, Efstathios S. Gonos, Carlos A. Gonzalez, Luis Goya, Maria Grosovski, Guillermo Rodriguez Gutiérrez, Marie-Andrée Hartmann, Yumi Z. Hashim, Xiuli Hu, Francesca Ieri, Efstathios K. Iliodromitis, Ryuichi Iwakiri, M. Emilia Juan, Nick Kalogeropoulos, Curtis Kalua, Arif-ullah Khan, Olha Khymenets, Rena Kosti, Antonia Kotsiou, Dimitrios Th. Kremastinos, Fernando Lafont, Aldo Laganà, Jose Maria Landete, Lara La Pera, Chiara Lapucci, Paola Lavermicocca, Claude Louis Léger, Steven J. Lehotay, Alessandro Leone, Jun Liu, Vincenzo Lo Turco, Sergio Lopez, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Felix Lopez de Felipe, Silvia López-Feria, Herminia López-Garcia de la Serrana, Antonio López-López, Maria Carmen López-Martinez, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Giovanna Loredana La Torre, Ricardo Lucas, José A. Lupiáñez, Rafael Luque, Vincenzo Macciola, Zecharia Madar, Isabel Mafra, Andrea D. Magrì, Antonio L. Magrì, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Willy J. Malaisse, Mariano Mañas, Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Caterina Manna, Luisa Mannina, Saverio Mannino, Alberto Marinas, Jose M. Marinas, Federico Marini, Panagiota Markaki, M. Angeles Martín, María Alba Martínez, Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez, María Victoria Martínez-Gracia, José Manuel Martinez-Martos, Emilio Martínez-Victoria, Roberta Masella, Marika Massaro, Katerina Mastovska, Raquel Mateos, Michela Mazzoni, Javier Menéndez-Menéndez, Eduardo Medina, Jose M. Medina, Vicente Micol, Emmanuel Mikros, Maria Teresa Mitjavila, Alfredo Montaño, Juan Carlos Morales, Sonsoles Morcillo, Juan José Moreno, Paola Moreno, Sabrina Moret, Javier Moros, Guido Morozzi, Maria-Jose Motilva, Rosario Muñoz, Francisco J.G. Muriana, Daniela Napoli, Alessandra Napolitano, Faris Nassar, Raffaella Nasti, Francesco Natali, Paolo Natalini, Cláudia S. Nunes, George Nychas, M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira, Yutaka Orihara, Almudena Ortega, Francisca Ortega-García, Jesús Osada, Durmuş Özdemir, Betül Öztürk, Yolanda M. Pacheco, Alistair G. Paice, Carlo A. Palmerini, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, E.Z. Panagou, Lucia Panzella, V.T. Papoti, Vito Michele Paradiso, José Antonio Pariente, Vinood B. Patel, M. Ángeles Peinado, Teresa Maria Pellicanò, Juan Peragon, Francisco Perez-Jimenez, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Javier Sanchez Perona, Anna Piperno, Joana M. Planas, Donatella Pollicino, Valeria Polzonetti, Tiziana Populin, Maria P. Portillo, David Pozo, Paul Prenzler, Pablo G. Prieto, Stefania Pucciarelli, Caroline Puel, Elena Puertollano, María A. Puertollano, Jose Javier Quesada-Granados, Rajkumar Rajendram, María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito, Sonia Ramos, Natividad Ramos-Martos, Cinzia L. Randazzo, Rossana Rando, Russel J. Reiter, Luis Rejano, Hae-Ik Rhee, Kevin Robards, Hector Rodriguez, Maria Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas, Moises Rodríguez-Manero, María L. Rodríguez-Méndez, Rosalía Rodríguez, Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Annalisa Romani, Concepción Romero, Maria-Paz Romero, Roberto Romero-Gonzalez, Martin Rose, Mauro Rossi, Annalisa Rotondi, Ian R. Rowland, Adolfina Ruiz, Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Francesco Russo, Danielle Ryan, Nadia Sabatini, Antonio Sacco, Yasemin Sahan, Marcello Saitta, Maria Desamparados Salvador, Roberto Samperi, Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez, Antonio Higinio Sánchez, Maria Rosa Sánchez-Navarro, Verónica Sancho, Mónica Santos-González, Jorge A. Saraiva, Matteo Scampicchio, Beatrice Scazzocchio, Christoph A. Schmitt, Betty Schwartz, Sebastiano Sciuto, Egeria Scoditti, Rosa M. Seabra, Luca Sebastiani, Anna Laura Segre, Antonio Segura, Maurizio Servili, Ryosuke Shiraishi, Luisa Siculella, Andréa Colado Simão, Giovanni Sindona, Ganapathy Sivakumar, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, Amos B. Smith, Carmela Spatafora, Jeffrey B. Sperry, Mario J. Soares, Federico Soriguer, Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan, Naïm Stitia, Arantxa Tabernero, Antonio Tagarelli, Fuju Tai, Antonia Tamborrino, C.C. Tassou, Christine Tesseromatis, Roberto Todeschini, Jose S. Torrecilla, Saïda Trikib, Corrado Tringali, Ioannis N. Tsakiris, Aristidis M. Tsatsakis, M.Z. Tsimidou, Nicola A. Uccella, Francisco J. Urbano, Miguel Valcarcel, Félix Valencia-Serrano, Patrícia Valentão, Isabel Valverde, Lourdes M. Varela, Rosaria Varì, Fernando Antonio Simas Vaz, Ariane Vettorazzi, Stefania Vichi, José Luis Martínez Vidal, José M. Villalba, Mayte Villalba, María L. Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, Silvia Vincenzetti, Alberto Vita, Giovanna Vlahov, Wei Wang, Edmund Weisberg, Uwe Wenzel, Se-Ra Won, Bin Wu, María Dolores Yago, Dimitrios Zabaras, Vincenzo Zappia, Antonio Zarzuelo, and Luyong Zhang

Published
2010

8. Binding of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and warfarin to liver tissue of rabbits in vitro

Author

Hermann Kurz, Christine Tesseromatis, and Buckard Fichtl

Subjects
Pharmacology, Ketoprofen, Drug, medicine.drug_class, Chemistry, media_common.quotation_subject, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Flurbiprofen, Oxyphenbutazone, In Vitro Techniques, Drug interaction, Ibuprofen, Anti-inflammatory, Liver, medicine, Animals, Drug Interactions, Pharmacology (medical), Rabbits, Warfarin, Incubation, Protein Binding, medicine.drug, media_common
Abstract

Liver slices (10mm 0.1mm thickness) were incubated at 37 degrees C in drug solutions up to 360 min. The drugs were dissolved in Ringer solution of pH 7.0. After 60, 180, 240 and 360 min each drug concentration was determined in the incubation fluid. For all drugs tested equilibrium was obtained after 240 min. The amount of drug taken up by the slices was calculated from the difference to initial concentration. In parallel, samples of the slices were homogenized together with their incubation fluids after the same incubation intervals. The free concentration was determined by ultrafiltration. For warfarin and several non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), i.e. acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and oxyphenbutazone, there was no difference between the free drug concentrations in the homogenized and in non-homogenized samples. This suggests that the binding of these drugs to liver tissue was not altered by homogenization. Further was studied whether NSAIDS interfere with binding of warfarin to liver tissue. Acetylsalicylic acid, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, oxyphenbutazone and proquazon markedly increased the free concentration of warfarin both in liver slices and homogenates (p less than 0.01). The extent of displacement did not differ between slices and homogenates.

Published
1987

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