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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantifies muscle oxygenation (SmO2) during exercise. Muscle oxygenation response to self-paced, severe-intensity cycling remains unclear. Observing SmO2 can provide cycling professionals with the ability to assess muscular response, helping optimize decision-making. We aimed to describe the effect of self-paced severe intensity bouts on SmO2, measured noninvasively by a wearable NIRS sensor on the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle, and examine its reliability. We hypothesized a greater desaturation response with each bout, whereas, between trials, good reliability would be observed. Fourteen recreationally trained, and trained cyclists completed a ramp test to determine the power output (PO) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Athletes completed two subsequent visits of 50-minute sessions that included four severe-intensity bouts done at 5% above RCP PO. Muscle oxygenation in the VL was monitored using a wearable NIRS device. Measures included mean PO, heart-rate (HR), cadence, and SmO2 at bout onset, during work (work SmO2), and ΔSmO2. The bouts were compared using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. For significant differences, a Fisher's least square difference post-hoc analysis was used. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used using trial and bout as main factors. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were used to quantify relative reliability for mean work, and standard error of the measurement (SEM) was used to quantify absolute agreement of mean work SmO2. Both PO and cadence showed no effect of bout or trial. Heart-rate at bout 2 (168 ± 8 bpm) and 4 (170 ± 7 bpm) were higher than bout 1 (160 ± 6 bpm). Onset SmO2 (%) response significantly increased in the final two bouts of the session. Mean work SmO2 increased across bouts, with the highest value displayed in bout 4 (36 ± 22%). ΔSmO2 showed a smaller desaturation response during bout 4 (27 ± 10%) compared to bout 3 (31 ± 10%). Mean work SmO2 ICC showed good reliability (ICC = 0.87), and SEM was 12% (CI 9-15%). We concluded that a non-invasive, affordable, wearable NIRS sensor demonstrated the heterogeneous muscle oxygenation response during severe intensity cycling bouts with good reliability in trained cyclists.

The rise of exascale supercomputers has fueled competition among GPU vendors, driving lattice QCD developers to write code that supports multiple APIs. Moreover, new developments in algorithms and physics research require frequent updates to existing software. These challenges have to be balanced against constantly changing personnel. At the same time, there is a wide range of applications for HISQ fermions in QCD studies. This situation encourages the development of software featuring a HISQ action that is flexible, high-performing, open source, easy to use, and easy to adapt. In this technical paper, we explain the design strategy, provide implementation details, list available algorithms and modules, and show key performance indicators for SIMULATeQCD, a simple multi-GPU lattice code for large-scale QCD calculations, mainly developed and used by the HotQCD collaboration. The code is publicly available on GitHub., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures

Large-scale human genetic data1-3 have shown that cancer mutations display strong tissue-selectivity, but how this selectivity arises remains unclear. Here, using experimental models, functional genomics and analyses of patient samples, we demonstrate that the lineage transcription factor paired box 8 (PAX8) is required for oncogenic signalling by two common genetic alterations that cause clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in humans: the germline variant rs7948643 at 11q13.3 and somatic inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor (VHL)4-6. VHL loss, which is observed in about 90% of ccRCCs, can lead to hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2A) stabilization6,7. We show that HIF2A is preferentially recruited to PAX8-bound transcriptional enhancers, including a pro-tumorigenic cyclin D1 (CCND1) enhancer that is controlled by PAX8 and HIF2A. The ccRCC-protective allele C at rs7948643 inhibits PAX8 binding at this enhancer and downstream activation of CCND1 expression. Co-option of a PAX8-dependent physiological programme that supports the proliferation of normal renal epithelial cells is also required for MYC expression from the ccRCC metastasis-associated amplicons at 8q21.3-q24.3 (ref. 8). These results demonstrate that transcriptional lineage factors are essential for oncogenic signalling and that they mediate tissue-specific cancer risk associated with somatic and inherited genetic variants., Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12022/7 and MC_UU_12022/10) and Kidney Research UK (RP_033_20170303).

Various approaches to first-in-human (FIH) starting dose selection for new molecular entities (NMEs) are designed to minimize risk to trial subjects. One approach uses the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL), which is a conservative method intended to maximize subject safety and designed primarily for NMEs having high perceived safety risks. However, there is concern that the MABEL approach is being inappropriately used for lower risk molecules with negative impacts on drug development and time to patient access. In addition, ambiguity exists in how MABEL is defined and the methods used to determine it. The International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development convened a working group to understand current use of MABEL and its impact on FIH starting dose selection, and to make recommendations for FIH dose selection going forward. An industry-wide survey suggested the achieved or estimated maximum tolerated dose, efficacious dose, or recommended phase II dose was > 100-fold higher than the MABEL-based starting dose for approximately one third of NMEs, including trials in patients. A decision tree and key risk factor table were developed to provide a consistent, data driven-based, and risk-based approach for selecting FIH starting doses.

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Prioritizing resource allocation for mitigating the environmental impacts of invasive alien species is necessary given continued species introductions. Focusing on environmental impacts, this thesis used bottom-up and top-down perspectives for improving invasive alien insect species prioritization. Uncertainty in environmental impact assessment outcomes was identified, classified, and subsequently distilled into a set of recommendations. Environmental impacts of invasive alien insects varied both geographically and taxonomically. Furthermore, many high-priority sites in Australia were identified as at risk from invasive alien insect species. This work provides information, and demonstrates a site identification approach, for implementing effective prioritization and management of biological invasions.

Controlling the spatial and temporal behavior of peptide segments is essential in the fabrication of functional peptide-based materials and nanostructures. To achieve a desired structure, complex sequence design is often required, coupled with the inclusion of unnatural amino acids or synthetic modifications. Herein, we investigate the structural properties of 1:1 inclusion complexes between specific oligopeptides and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), inducing the formation of turns, and by alteration of the peptide sequence, tunable structural chirality. We also explore extended peptide sequence binding with CB[8], demonstrating a simple approach to construct a peptide hairpin.

Additional file 2.

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Additional file 1:. TIDieR Checklist

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-ear-10.1177_0145561320984581 for Intraosseous Cavernous Hemangioma of the Middle Turbinate: A Case Report by Yousef Bolous, Martin Bullock, David B. Clarke and Emad Massoud in Ear, Nose & Throat Journal

Additional file 1.

Additional file 3.

Additional file 4.

International Symposium Human Health & the Ocean in a Changing World, 2-3 December 2020, Monte-Carlo, Monaco, The Global Harmful Algal Blooms (GlobalHAB, www.globalhab.info) programme is aimed at fostering and promoting international cooperative research directed toward improving the understanding and prediction of harmful algal blooms (HABs) events in aquatic ecosystems, and providing sound knowledge for policy- and decision-making to manage and mitigate HAB impacts in a changing planet. GlobalHAB is sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). GlobalHAB was launched in 2016 and will last for 10 years. Among the different scientific objectives, GlobalHAB addresses in particular the impacts of HABs on Human and Animal Health. The overall aim is to increase interdisciplinary collaborations among scientists with medical, veterinary, public health, economics and social science expertise to help: I) the integration of HAB problematics in the One- and Eco-health approach, ii) understand, assess and minimize the risks of the different human and animal diseases caused by phycotoxins in marine and freshwater habitats taking advantages of other scientific expertise and collaborations. This general aim is being implemented through specific objectives, including i) the implementation of the multiagency coordinated IOC-IAEA-FAO-WHO "Global Ciguatera Strategy", ii) the improved knowledge of the ecology, physiology, toxicity and toxin transfer mechanisms of benthic microalgal toxins through marine food webs, iii) collaborations with the European Food Safety Agency to develop strategies for risk assessment of emerging phycotoxins, iv) investigation of the impacts of climate change and anthropogenically driven changes on HAB dynamics and v) fostering joint epidemiology, risk and damage assessment, and ecological studies of HABs, aligned with other initiatives in the United States and Europe. GlobalHAB encourages the participation of the international community. Thus, scientists are invited to participate in GlobalHAB by designing scientific activities in keeping with the goals and objectives of GlobalHAB, by applying for endorsement of such activities, and by participating in framework activities

21 pages, figures, 4 tables, Since the last SSC meeting at the Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) in Villefranche-sur-mer (France) on April 10 and 11, 2018, the GlobalHAB SSC members worked on the implementation of the GlobalHAB activites by communication through email, virtual meetings, and meetings of opportunity (e.g. 18th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Nantes, France, October 21-26, 2018). Among other items, the SSC reviewed the status of ongoing activities, prioritized new activities. This saved funds to be used for specific activities and products.For 2020, GlobalHAB has received support from NOAA (se e section 5) to conduct a physical meeting. However, it has been postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, the coordination continues through email and virtual meetings, The GlobalHAB Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) acknowledges the financial and logistic support received from SCOR and IOC during the 2015-2019 period. The funds made possible the elaboration of the GlobalHAB Science and Implementation Plan, representation of the programme at international meetings and publications completing the work of the GEOHAB program

Additional file 4. Topic guides. These are prompts for workshop facilitators based on evidence from earlier work streams.

Additional file 2.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_1747493020969367 for Addressing inactivity after stroke: The Collaborative Rehabilitation in Acute Stroke (CREATE) study by Fiona Jones, Karolina Gombert-, Stephanie Honey, Geoffrey Cloud, Ruth Harris, Alastair Macdonald, Christopher McKevitt, Glenn Robert and David Clarke in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 1. Example personas and infographics. These are examples of materials developed to communicate findings from previous work streams.

Additional file 2. Example materials specifying target behaviour and barriers to achieving the target behaviour. These are written summaries of discussions and updates on developments since the earlier workshops.

Additional file 3. Selected examples of workshop materials.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 5. Example of completed behavioural diagnosis.

Additional file 3.

Figure S1. Endogenous Flag-Cse4 is not mislocalized in cdc7-7 strains. Chromatin lysate from wild type (YMB10043) and cdc7-7 (YMB10040) strains with endogenous Cse4 tagged with Flag was immunoprecipitated against anti-Flag agarose. Input and IP samples were prepared for paired-end ChIP-seq and reads were aligned to the S. cerevisiae S288C reference sequence. A-G. Genome browser of input and ChIP samples for Chromosomes I, II, III, V, X, XI, and XV from wild type (top) and cdc7-7 (bottom) strains with Flag-Cse4. The CEN regions are indicated.Figure S2. Overexpressed Flag-Cse4 is mislocalized in cdc7-7 strains. Chromatin lysate from wild type (YMB10044) and cdc7-7 (YMB10041) strains overexpressing Cse4 tagged with Flag was immunoprecipitated against anti-Flag agarose. Input and IP samples were prepared for paired-end ChIP-seq and reads were aligned to the S. cerevisiae S288C reference sequence. A-E. Genome browser of input and ChIP samples for Chromosomes II, III, X, XI, and XV from wild type (top) and cdc7-7 (bottom) strains with Flag-Cse4. The CEN regions are indicated.Figure S3. Endogenous Flag-Cse4 is not stabilized in a cdc7-7 strain. Western blot analysis of protein extracts from wild type (YMB10043) and cdc7-7 (YMB10040) strains with Flag-Cse4 expressed from its own promoter were grown to logarithmic phase of growth. Cells were treated with cycloheximide (CHX, 50 µg/ml) and aliquots were taken at the indicated timepoints. Protein extracts were analyzed using Western blot analysis and blots were probed with anti-FLAG (Cse4) and anti-Tub2. (loading control). The graph shows the quantification of the levels of FLAG-Cse4 remaining after treatment with CHX relative to Tub2 from three independent experiments. Error bars represent SEM.File S1 contains Table S1, which describes the strains used in this study, and Table S2, which lists the plasmids used.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_1747493020969367 for Addressing inactivity after stroke: The Collaborative Rehabilitation in Acute Stroke (CREATE) study by Fiona Jones, Karolina Gombert-, Stephanie Honey, Geoffrey Cloud, Ruth Harris, Alastair Macdonald, Christopher McKevitt, Glenn Robert and David Clarke in International Journal of Stroke

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Annual Science Conference 2019, 9-12 September 2019 Gothenburg, Sweden.-- 1 page, The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC) Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics (WGHABD) has entered data into the Harmful Algal Event (HAEDAT) database for the last 20 years. These entries report information about harmful algal events that result in management actions such as closures of shellfish harvesting areas or negative environmental impacts e.g. mortalities of marine mammals. These data, collected mainly from routine monitoring programmes, provide a wealth of information that is not routinely accessible for scientific assessment. WGHABD is producing a HAB status report based on the incidence of HAB events in the ICES area which will contribute to a Global HAB Status Report. These HAEDAT data reveal a regional distribution in harmful algal events in the North Atlantic area and changes have been observed over time. On the east coast of the USA and Canada, the majority of issues have been caused by paralytic and amnesic shellfish toxins. In contrast, diarrhetic shellfish toxins have been the dominant cause of problems in Europe while cyanobacteria events were restricted to the Baltic. Incidents of farmed/wild fish mortalities are more sporadically recorded. HAEDAT is an essential source of information to support investigation of environmental drivers such as climate change on the incidence of harmful algal events on a regional scale

Additional file 4. Follow up interview topic guide. Interview guide used in the second and third interviews in group 1.

Additional file 3. Initial interview topic guide. Interview guide used in the initial interviews in group 1 and the single interviews in group 2.

Additional file 1. Logic model of burden. The logic model of burden presents a range of behavioural and environmental factors, and their determinants that could lead to carer burden.

Additional file 6. Logic model of change. The logic model of change outlines the pathway of intended programme effects rather than pathways to identify causes of a problem.

Additional file 2. Key for Additional file 1 and Additional file 5. Key to support readers to understand Additional file 1 and Additional file 5.

In this dissertation, we investigate the approach of pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory to its continuum limit using the deconfinement temperature, six gradient scales, and six cooling scales. We find that cooling scales exhibit similarly good scaling behavior as gradient scales, while being computationally more efficient. In addition, we estimate systematic error in continuum limit extrapolations of scale ratios by comparing standard scaling to asymptotic scaling. Finally we study topological observables in pure SU(2) using cooling to smooth the gauge fields, and investigate the sensitivity of cooling scales to topological charge. We find that large numbers of cooling sweeps lead to metastable charge sectors, without destroying physical instantons, provided the lattice spacing is fine enough and the volume is large enough. Continuum limit estimates of the topological susceptibility are obtained, of which we favor $\chi^{1/4}/T_c = 0.643(12)$. Differences between cooling scales in different topological sectors turn out to be too small to be detectable within our statistical error., Comment: 123 pages, 27 figures, Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences, ISBN 9780438810150

Additional file 5. Logic model of the prioritised problem. The logic model of the prioritised problem presents a range of behavioural and environmental factors, and their determinants that could lead to carer burden associated with needing to feel prepared before during and following the transition from hospital to home.

Intranasally administered regular insulin and insulin aspart have shown cognitive benefit for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To support development of intranasally administered insulin analogs for AD, the central disposition of intranasal insulin lispro in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy volunteers was investigated. Healthy volunteers (N = 8) received two sequential doses of intranasal insulin lispro (48 or 80 IU followed by 160 IU) by Aero Pump in an open-label, single-period study with serial CSF and serum sampling over 5 hours after each dose. CSF insulin lispro was also measured in beagle dogs (N = 6/dose group) that received either 24 IU/kg (equivalent local nasal (IU/cm2) dose to the human 160 IU dose) or 192 IU/kg intranasally, using the same device. Insulin lispro was measured in the CSF and serum using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by standard noncompartmental methods. Intranasal administration of insulin lispro was well tolerated. Insulin lispro concentrations in the CSF of humans at all dose levels were below the limit of quantification. Serum insulin lispro concentrations were quantifiable only up to 1–2 hours in the majority of subjects. In contrast to insulin lispro in the CSF of humans, insulin lispro was detectable in the CSF at both dose levels in dogs, and serum concentrations of insulin lispro were generally higher in dogs than in healthy volunteers. The absence of insulin lispro in CSF from healthy volunteers and the lack of robust exposure-response analyses will hinder the development of intranasally administered insulin lispro for AD.

IntroductionSedentary behaviour is defined as any waking behaviour characterised by low energy expenditure ≤1.5 Metabolic Equivalents (METs) while in a sitting, lying or reclining posture. The expanding evidence base suggests that sedentary behaviour may have a detrimental effect on health, wellbeing, and is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. We aim to review process evaluations of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which included a measure of sedentary behaviour in adults in order to develop an understanding of intervention content, mechanisms of impact, implementation and delivery approaches and contexts, in which interventions were reported to be effective or effective. A secondary aim is to summarise participants, family, and staff experiences of such interventions.Methods and analysis: Ten electronic databases and reference lists from previous similar reviews will be searched. Eligible studies will be process evaluations of RCTs that measure sedentary behaviour as a primary or secondary outcome in adults. Interventions delivered in schools, colleges, universities or workplaces will be excluded as this review is part of a programme to develop a community-based intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Disagreements between reviewers will be resolved by a third reviewer. Process evaluation data to be extracted include: the aims and methods used in the process evaluation; implementation data; mechanisms of impact; contextual factors; participant, family, and staff experiences of the interventions. Trial data to be extracted include: trial design; participant numbers; duration and content of the intervention; outcome results (if necessary, this information will be sought outside of the process evaluation paper e.g. the trial paper)_A narrative approach will be used to synthesise and report qualitative and quantitative data. Reporting of the review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidance. Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Protocol registration number: CRD42018087403

Supplemental material, Supplementary_file_I for Why do stroke survivors not receive recommended amounts of active therapy? Findings from the ReAcT study, a mixed-methods case-study evaluation in eight stroke units by David J Clarke, Louisa-Jane Burton, Sarah F Tyson, Helen Rodgers, Avril Drummond, Rebecca Palmer, Alex Hoffman, Matthew Prescott, Pippa Tyrrell, Lianne Brkic, Katie Grenfell and Anne Forster in Clinical Rehabilitation

PATCH Study Progression Criteria. This document includes the red, amber and green criteria for progression to a definitive RCT. (DOCX 22 kb)

Information and consent materials. This document includes the most recent, REC-approved participant information and consent materials for residents, personal consultees, nominated consultees and care home staff. (PDF 1591 kb)

PATCH SPIRIT Checklist. This is the completed SPIRIT checklist, indicating where all required elements of an interventional trial protocol are included in this manuscript. (DOC 123 kb)

As part of a major international research project, The Times of Their Lives, a programme of radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modelling was undertaken to refine the chronology of activities in one small but important part of the extensive Late Neolithic and Bronze Age settlement on Links of Noltland on the island of Westray, Orkney. The selected area (Trench D) is well known for having produced, next to a wall, the remains of a heap of at least 15 red deer carcasses, on top of which had been placed a large cod, a gannet’s wing along with part of a greater black-backed gull, and a pair of large antlers. This remarkable deposit had been preceded by, and was followed by, periods of cultivation and the deposition of domestic refuse. Refined date estimates have been produced, based on 18 radiocarbon determinations obtained from 16 samples from Trench D (including nine newly obtained dates, three from individual deer in the heap). These clarify when, during this long sequence of activities, the deer were heaped up: probably in the 22nd century cal bc, around the same time as Beaker pottery was deposited elsewhere on the Links. This allows comparison between the dated activities in this part of the site with activity elsewhere on the Links and also with other episodes of deer deposition in 3rd-millennium cal bc Orkney. It encourages exploration of the possible reasons for what appears to be a remarkable act of structured deposition. The significance of an earlier, much larger scale deposit featuring cattle remains at Ness of Brodgar is discussed in exploring the nature of Orcadian society and practices during the second half of the 3rd millennium cal bc.

Presentation given by JMW at FEMS 2017, Valencia 12/07/2017

Water limitations typically reduce UK wheat yields on average by 1-2 t ha- 1 , although this can be considerably more in extreme drought years. With the frequency and intensity of droughts expected to increase under a changing climate, an improved understanding of the impacts of drought and better systems for agricultural drought monitoring are required. Previous studies, however, have found no significant relationship between UK wheat yields and commonly employed drought severity indices (DSI). Using historical (1911-2015) daily weather data for Cambridge the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the Potential Soil Moisture Deficit (PSMD) were calculated on various time steps (e.g. 1-12 months for SPI and SPEI) to provide a drought record for the site. A wheat crop growth simulation model (Sirius) was then used to simulate the effects of the identified historic droughts on wheat yields. The use of the Sirius crop model removed the non-drought related yield losses (e.g. disease, pests, and lodging) present in national yield records. Using the Spearman’s Rho correlation coefficient (r) the simulated yield record was then correlated against the different DSIs. The droughts of 1921, 1976 and 2010 were found to be the most extreme in term of yield reduction. In addition, there were also two noticeable periods of successive yield loss in the early 1940s and between 2009 and 2013. All DSIs showed significant (p = 0.05) correlations on monthly time steps between April and August. The SPI, SPEI and PSMD showed a strong correlation to wheat yields (r = 0.64 to 0.66) on time steps incorporating the end of the ‘construction’ and the entirety of the ‘production’ phases for wheat growth. The PDSI showed the weakest correlation (r = 0.55), although it may be helpful in identifying yield-limiting droughts earlier in the year. The research has contributed new scientific insights and understanding of the impacts of historic droughts on wheat productivity, and demonstrated the application of DSIs in monitoring potentially yield-limiting droughts. The research also provides new evidence to support developments in UK food security and drought management for agriculture.

Para que o trabalho investigativo em etnomatemática seja conduzido apropriadamente, é importante discutir sobre a necessidade de que os pesquisadores compreendam os outros por meio de uma relação cíclica de estranhamentos que pode ocorrer durante o desenvolvimento de encontros dialógicos durante a condução do trabalho de campo desse programa. Esse artigo teórico evidencia que, nesse jogo de estranhamentos, ocorrem constantes transformações nas leituras de mundo que estão relacionadas com a posicionalidade dos pesquisadores com relação ao estarem lá (êmico) no campo ou de estarem aqui (ético) na academia. Então, o entendimento desse movimento indissociável de ir e vir entre o estar lá e o estar aqui pode facilitar o estabelecimento de relações simétricas e de alteridade na interação dialógica que permeia a dinâmica dos encontros entre os membros de um determinado grupo cultural (insiders) com os pesquisadores (outsiders). Nesse sentido, existe a necessidade de que os pesquisadores reconheçam o movimento de ir e vir, bem como a aproximação ou o distanciamento entre os pesquisadores e pesquisados, pois a posicionalidade é uma condição necessária para que a interação dialógica se manifeste no trabalho de campo conduzido nas investigações em etnomatemática.

Manduca sexta, known as the tobacco hornworm or Carolina sphinx moth, is a lepidopteran insect that is used extensively as a model system for research in insect biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, development, and immunity. One important benefit of this species as an experimental model is its extremely large size, reaching more than 10g in the larval stage. M.sexta larvae feed on solanaceous plants and thus must tolerate a substantial challenge from plant allelochemicals, including nicotine. We report the sequence and annotation of the M.sexta genome, and a survey of gene expression in various tissues and developmental stages. The Msex_1.0 genome assembly resulted in a total genome size of 419.4Mbp. Repetitive sequences accounted for 25.8% of the assembled genome. The official gene set is comprised of 15,451 protein-coding genes, of which 2498 were manually curated. Extensive RNA-seq data from many tissues and developmental stages were used to improve gene models and for insights into gene expression patterns. Genome wide synteny analysis indicated a high level of macrosynteny in the Lepidoptera. Annotation and analyses were carried out for gene families involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes, including apoptosis, vacuole sorting, growth and development, structures of exoskeleton, egg shells, and muscle, vision, chemosensation, ion channels, signal transduction, neuropeptide signaling, neurotransmitter synthesis and transport, nicotine tolerance, lipid metabolism, and immunity. This genome sequence, annotation, and analysis provide an important new resource from a well-studied model insect species and will facilitate further biochemical and mechanistic experimental studies of many biological systems in insects.

Rationale Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has for many years relied on psychostimulants, particularly various formulations of amphetamines and methylphenidate. These are central nervous system stimulants and are scheduled because of their abuse potential. Atomoxetine (atomoxetine hydrochloride; Strattera®) was approved in 2002 for treatment of ADHD, and was the first nonstimulant medication approved for this disorder. It was classified as an unscheduled medication indicating a low potential for abuse. However, the abuse potential of atomoxetine has not been reviewed. Objectives In this article, we review the evidence regarding abuse potential of atomoxetine, a selective inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter, which is unscheduled/unrestricted in all countries where it is approved. Methods Results from receptor binding, in vitro electrophysiology, in vivo microdialysis, preclinical behavioral, and human laboratory studies have been reviewed. Results Atomoxetine has no appreciable affinity for, or action at, central receptors through which drugs of abuse typically act, i.e., dopamine transporters, GABAA receptors, and opioid μ receptors. In behavioral experiments in rodents, atomoxetine does not increase locomotor activity, and in drug discrimination studies, its profile is similar to that of drugs without abuse potential. Atomoxetine does not serve as a reinforcer in monkey self-administration studies, and human laboratory studies suggest that atomoxetine does not induce subjective effects indicative of abuse. Conclusion Neurochemical, preclinical, and early clinical studies predicted and supported a lack of abuse potential of atomoxetine, which is consistent with the clinical trial and postmarketing spontaneous event data in the past 10 years.

Parafermionic zero modes are a novel set of excitations displaying non-Abelian statistics somewhat richer than that of Majorana modes. These modes are predicted to occur when nearby fractional quantum Hall edge states are gapped by an interposed superconductor. Despite substantial experimental progress, we argue that the necessary crossed Andreev reflection in this arrangement is a challenging milestone to reach. We propose a superconducting quantum dot array structure on a fractional quantum Hall edge that can lead to parafermionic zero modes from coherent superconducting forward scattering on a quantum Hall edge. Such coherent forward scattering has already been demonstrated in recent experiments. We show that for a spin-singlet superconductor interacting with loops of spin unpolarized $2/3$ fractional quantum edge, even an array size of order ten should allow one to systematically tune into a parafermionic degeneracy., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 5 pages of supplementary material