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3. Fenfluramine hydrochloride for the treatment of seizures in Dravet syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Lagae, Lieven, Sullivan, Joseph, Knupp, Kelly, Laux, Linda, Polster, Tilman, Nikanorova, Marina, Devinsky, Orrin, Cross, J. Helen, Guerrini, Renzo, Talwar, Dinesh, Miller, Ian, Farfel, Gail, Galer, Bradley S., Gammaitoni, Arnold, Mistry, Arun, Morrison, Glenn, Lock, Michael, Agarwal, Anupam, Lai, Wyman W., Ceulemans, Berten, Gill, Deepak, Riney, Kate, Scheffer, Ingrid, Buchhalter, Jeffrey, Carmant, Lionel, Connolly, Mary, Nabbout, Rima, Brandt, Ulrich, Jacobs-LeVan, Julia, Mayer, Thomas, Panzer, Axel, Pringsheim, Milka, Stephani, Ulrich, Wolff, Markus, Battaglia, Domenica, Beccaria, Francesca, Dana, Francesca, Granata, Tiziana, Romeo, Antonio, Striano, Pasquale, Vigevano, Federico, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, San Antonio, Victoria, Sanchez-Carpintero, Rocio, Desurkar, Archana, Hughes, Elaine, Lyer, Anand, Philip, Sunny, Zuberi, Sameer, Sharp, Gregory, Berenson, Frank, Faux, Linda, Marsh, Eric, Nespeca, Mark, Nahouraii, Robert, Paolicdii, Juliann, Phillips, Steven, Perry, Michael Scott, Poduri, Annapurna, Renfroe, Ben, Saneto, Russell, Shahid, Asim, Smith, Douglas, de Menezes, Marcio Sotero, Sweney, Matthew, Thiele, Elizabeth, Wheless, James, Wilfong, Angus, Wirrell, Elaine, Zupanc, Mary, and FAiRE DS Study Grp

Subjects
Oral, Male, Adolescent, Fenfluramine, Placebo-controlled study, Administration, Oral, Epilepsies, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, Placebos, 03 medical and health sciences, Fenfluramine Hydrochloride, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Photosensitive epilepsy, Dravet syndrome, Seizures, law, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Preschool, Seizures/drug therapy, Anticonvulsants, Child, Preschool, Epilepsies, Myoclonic, Female, Observational Studies as Topic, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Treatment Outcome, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage, Fenfluramine/administration & dosage, Epilepsies, Myoclonic/drug therapy, Anesthesia, Administration, Human medicine, Myoclonic, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Dravet syndrome is a rare, treatment-resistant developmental epileptic encephalopathy characterised by multiple types of frequent, disabling seizures. Fenfluramine has been reported to have antiseizure activity in observational studies of photosensitive epilepsy and Dravet syndrome. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in patients with Dravet syndrome. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we enrolled children and young adults with Dravet syndrome. After a 6-week observation period to establish baseline monthly convulsive seizure frequency (MCSF; convulsive seizures were defined as hemiclonic, tonic, clonic, tonic-atonic, generalised tonic-clonic, and focal with clearly observable motor signs), patients were randomly assigned through an interactive web response system in a 1:1:1 ratio to placebo, fenfluramine 0.2 mg/kg per day, or fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg per day, added to existing antiepileptic agents for 14 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in mean monthly frequency of convulsive seizures during the treatment period compared with baseline in the 0.7 mg/kg per day group versus placebo; 0.2 mg/kg per day versus placebo was assessed as a key secondary outcome. Analysis was by modified intention to treat. Safety analyses included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with two identical protocols NCT02682927 and NCT02826863. Findings Between Jan 15, 2016, and Aug 14, 2017, we assessed 173 patients, of whom 119 patients (mean age 9.0 years, 64 [54%] male) were randomly assigned to receive either fenfluramine 0.2 mg/kg per day (39), fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg per day (40) or placebo (40). During treatment, the median reduction in seizure frequency was 74.9% in the fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg group (from median 20.7 seizures per 28 days to 4.7 seizures per 28 days), 42.3% in the fenfluramine 0.2 mg/kg group ( from median 17.5 seizures per 28 days to 12.6 per 28 days), and 19.2% in the placebo group ( from median 27.3 per 28 days to 22.0 per 28 days). The study met its primary efficacy endpoint, with fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg per day showing a 62.3% greater reduction in mean MCSF compared with placebo (95% CI 47.7-72.8, p

Published
2019
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4. M.I.C.E—Mental Health Intervention for Children with Epilepsy: a randomised controlled, multi-centre clinical trial evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of MATCH-ADTC in addition to usual care compared to usual care alone for children and young people with common mental health disorders and epilepsy—study protocol

Author

Bennett, Sophie D., Cross, J. Helen, Coughtrey, Anna E., Heyman, Isobel, Ford, Tamsin, Chorpita, Bruce, Moss-Morris, Rona, Byford, Sarah, Dalrymple, Emma, Reilly, Colin, Stephenson, Terence, Doré, Caroline, Varadkar, Sophia, Blackstone, James, Chowdhury, Kashfia, Ganguli, Poushali, Deane, Liz, Shafran, Roz, Fonagy, Peter, Smith, Jonathan, Bennett, Sophie D. [0000-0002-1076-7112], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Study Protocol, Epilepsy, Neurology, Paediatric, Depression, Cognitive behaviour therapy, Mental health, Disruptive behaviour, Teletherapy, Anxiety
Abstract

Background: Mental health disorders in the context of long-term conditions in children and young people are currently overlooked and undertreated. Evidence-based psychological treatments for common childhood mental health disorders (anxiety, depression and disruptive behaviour disorders) have not been systematically evaluated in young people with epilepsy despite their high prevalence in this population. The aim of this multi-site randomised controlled trial is to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adding a modular psychological intervention to usual care for the mental health disorders in comparison to assessment-enhanced usual care alone. Methods: In total, 334 participants aged 3–18 years attending epilepsy services will be screened for mental health disorders with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the diagnostic Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA). Those identified as having a mental health disorder and consenting to the trial will be randomised to either receive up to 22 sessions of the modular psychological intervention (MATCH-ADTC) delivered over the telephone over 6 months by non-mental health professionals in addition to usual care or to assessment-enhanced usual care alone. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months post-randomisation. It is hypothesised that MATCH-ADTC plus usual care will be superior to assessment-enhanced usual care in improving emotional and behavioural symptoms. The primary outcome is the SDQ reported by parents at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include parent-reported mental health measures such as the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life measures such as the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory and physical health measures such as the Hague Seizure Severity Scale. Outcome assessors will be blinded to group assignment. Qualitative process evaluations and a health economic evaluation will also be completed. Discussion: This trial aims to determine whether a systematic and integrated approach to the identification and treatment of mental health disorders in children and young people with epilepsy is clinically and cost-effective. The findings will contribute to policies and practice with regard to addressing mental health needs in children and young people with other long-term conditions. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN57823197. Registered on 25 February 2019.

Published
2021

6. A survey of the European Reference Network EpiCARE on clinical practice for selected rare epilepsies

Author

Baumgartner, Tobias, Carreño, Mar, Rocamora, Rodrigo, Bisulli, Francesca, Boni, Antonella, Brázdil, Milan, Horak, Ondrej, Craiu, Dana, Pereira, Cristina, Guerrini, Renzo, San Antonio‐Arce, Victoria, Schulze‐Bonhage, Andreas, Zuberi, Sameer M., Hallböök, Tove, Kalviainen, Reetta, Lagae, Lieven, Nguyen, Sylvie, Quintas, Sofia, Franco, Ana, Cross, J. Helen, Walker, Matthew, Arzimanoglou, Alexis, Rheims, Sylvain, Granata, Tiziana, Canafoglia, Laura, Johannessen Landmark, Cecilie, Sen, Arjune, Rattihalli, Rohini, Nabbout, Rima, Tartara, Elena, Santos, Manuela, Rangel, Rui, Krsek, Pavel, Marusic, Petr, Specchio, Nicola, Braun, Kees P. J., Smeyers, Patricia, Villanueva, Vicente, Kotulska, Katarzyna, Surges, Rainer, Tinuper, Paolo, Licchetta, Laura, Michelucci, Roberto, Toulouse, Joseph, Panagiotakaki, Eleni, Ostrowsky‐Coste, Karine, Lesca, Gaetan, de Curtis, Marco, Elisak, Martin, Domańska‐Pakiea, Dorota, Sadowski, Krzysztof, Baumgartner T., Carreno M., Rocamora R., Bisulli F., Boni A., Brazdil M., Horak O., Craiu D., Pereira C., Guerrini R., San Antonio-Arce V., Schulze-Bonhage A., Zuberi S.M., Hallbook T., Kalviainen R., Lagae L., Nguyen S., Quintas S., Franco A., Cross J.H., Walker M., Arzimanoglou A., Rheims S., Granata T., Canafoglia L., Johannessen Landmark C., Sen A., Rattihalli R., Nabbout R., Tartara E., Santos M., Rangel R., Krsek P., Marusic P., Specchio N., Braun K.P.J., Smeyers P., Villanueva V., Kotulska K., Surges R., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Michelucci R., Toulouse J., Panagiotakaki E., Ostrowsky-Coste K., Lesca G., de Curtis M., Elisak M., Domanska-Pakiea D., and Sadowski K.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Consensus, Epilepsies, Myoclonic, tuberous sclerosis complex, Dravet syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis, orphan disease, progressive myoclonic epilepsy, targeted therapies, tuberous sclerosis complex, Cohort Studies, progressive myoclonic epilepsy, Rare Diseases, Tuberous Sclerosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, targeted therapie, Humans, Everolimus, orphan disease, Epilepsy, Infant, Middle Aged, autoimmune encephalitis, targeted therapies, Dravet syndrome, Europe, Full‐length Original Research, Encephalitis, Anticonvulsants, Female, autoimmune encephaliti, Spasms, Infantile
Abstract

Objective Clinical care of rare and complex epilepsies is challenging, because evidence‐based treatment guidelines are scarce, the experience of many physicians is limited, and interdisciplinary treatment of comorbidities is required. The pathomechanisms of rare epilepsies are, however, increasingly understood, which potentially fosters novel targeted therapies. The objectives of our survey were to obtain an overview of the clinical practice in European tertiary epilepsy centers treating patients with 5 arbitrarily selected rare epilepsies and to get an estimate of potentially available patients for future studies. Methods Members of the European Reference Network for rare and complex epilepsies (EpiCARE) were invited to participate in a web‐based survey on clinical practice of patients with Dravet syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), autoimmune encephalitis, and progressive myoclonic epilepsies including Unverricht Lundborg and Unverricht‐like diseases. A consensus‐based questionnaire was generated for each disease. Results Twenty‐six of 30 invited epilepsy centers participated. Cohorts were present in most responding centers for TSC (87%), Dravet syndrome (85%), and autoimmune encephalitis (71%). Patients with TSC and Dravet syndrome represented the largest cohorts in these centers. The antiseizure drug treatments were rather consistent across the centers especially with regard to Dravet syndrome, infantile spasms in TSC, and Unverricht Lundborg / Unverricht‐like disease. Available, widely used targeted therapies included everolimus in TSC and immunosuppressive therapies in autoimmune encephalitis. Screening for comorbidities was routinely done, but specific treatment protocols were lacking in most centers. Significance The survey summarizes the current clinical practice for selected rare epilepsies in tertiary European epilepsy centers and demonstrates consistency as well as heterogeneity in the treatment, underscoring the need for controlled trials and recommendations. The survey also provides estimates for potential participants of clinical trials recruited via EpiCARE, emphasizing the great potential of Reference Networks for future studies to evaluate new targeted therapies and to identify novel biomarkers.

Published
2021

7. Identifying cellular signalling molecules in developmental disorders of the brain: Evidence from focal cortical dysplasia and tuberous sclerosis

Author

Li, Yao-Feng, Scerif, Fatma, Picker, Simon R, Stone, Tom J, Pickles, Jessica C, Moulding, Dale A, Avery, Aimee, Virasami, Alex, Fairchild, Amy R, Tisdall, Martin, Harkness, William, Cross, J Helen, Hargrave, Darren, Guillemot, Francois, Paine, Simon M, Yasin, Shireena A, and Jacques, Thomas S

Subjects
Model organisms, FOS: Clinical medicine, Stem Cells, Neurosciences, Gene Expression, Genetics & Genomics, Developmental Biology
Abstract

AIMS: We understand little of the pathogenesis of developmental cortical lesions, because we understand little of the diversity of the cell types that contribute to the diseases or how those cells interact. We tested the hypothesis that cellular diversity and cell-cell interactions play an important role in these disorders by investigating the signalling molecules in the commonest cortical malformations that lead to childhood epilepsy, Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) and Tuberous Sclerosis (TS). METHODS: Transcriptional profiling clustered cases into molecularly distinct groups. Using gene expression data, we identified the secretory signalling molecules in FCD/TS and characterised the cell types expressing these molecules. We developed a functional model using organotypic cultures. RESULTS: We identified 113 up-regulated secretory molecules in FCDIIB/TS. The top 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by immunohistochemistry. This highlighted 2 molecules, Chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) (MCP1) that were expressed in a unique population of small cells in close proximity to balloon cells (BC). We then characterised these cells and developed a functional model in organotypic slice cultures. We found that the number of CHI3L1 and CCL2 expressing cells decreased following inhibition of mTOR, the main aberrant signalling pathway in TS and FCD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight previously uncharacterised small cell populations in FCD and TS which express specific signalling molecules. These findings indicate a new level of diversity and cellular interactions in cortical malformations and provides a generalisable approach to understanding cell-cell interactions and cellular heterogeneity in developmental neuropathology.

Published
2021
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8. Trends in pediatric epilepsy surgery in Europe between 2008 and 2015: Country-, center-, and age-specific variation

Author

Barba, C., Cross, J. H., Braun, K., Cossu, M., Klotz, K. A., De Masi, S., Perez Jimenez, M. A., Gaily, E., Specchio, N., Cabral, P., Toulouse, J., Dimova, P., Battaglia, D., Freri, E., Consales, A., Cesaroni, E., Tarta-Arsene, O., Gil-Nagel, A., Mindruta, I., Di Gennaro, G., Giulioni, M., Tisdall, M. M., Eltze, C., Tahir, M. Z., Jansen, F., van Rijen, P., Sanders, M., Tassi, L., Francione, S., Lo Russo, G., Jacobs, J., Bast, T., Matta, G., Budke, M., Fournier del Castillo, C., Metsahonkala, E. -L., Karppinen, A., Ferreira, J. C., Minkin, K., Marras, C. E., Lucenteforte, E, Arzimanoglou, A., and Guerrini, R.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Adolescent, Neurosurgery, Stereoelectroencephalography, Neurosurgical Procedures, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Settore MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, 0302 clinical medicine, children, Seizures, Medicine, Humans, survey, Epilepsy surgery, Preschool, Child, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Age Factors, Magnetic resonance imaging, Retrospective cohort study, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, 3. Good health, Surgery, Europe, epilepsy surgery, histopathology, outcome, Child, Preschool, Female, Treatment Outcome, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Histopathology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To profile European trends in pediatric epilepsy surgery (

Published
2019

9. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: Updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group

Author

Kossoff, Eric H, Zupec-Kania, Beth A, Auvin, Stéphane, Ballaban-Gil, Karen R, Christina Bergqvist, AG, Blackford, Robyn, Buchhalter, Jeffrey R, Caraballo, Roberto H, Cross, J Helen, Dahlin, Maria G, Donner, Elizabeth J, Guzel, Orkide, Jehle, Rana S, Klepper, Joerg, Kang, Hoon-Chul, Lambrechts, Danielle A, Liu, YM Christiana, Nathan, Janak K, Nordli, Douglas R, Pfeifer, Heidi H, Rho, Jong M, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Sharma, Suvasini, Stafstrom, Carl E, Thiele, Elizabeth A, Turner, Zahava, Vaccarezza, Maria M, van der Louw, Elles JTM, Veggiotti, Pierangelo, Wheless, James W, Wirrell, Elaine C, Charlie Foundation, Matthew's Friends, and Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society

Subjects
Charlie Foundation, Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society, Matthew's Friends, Epilepsy, Ketogenic, Guideline, Children, Diet
Abstract

Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are established, effective nonpharmacologic treatments for intractable childhood epilepsy. For many years KDTs were implemented differently throughout the world due to lack of consistent protocols. In 2009, an expert consensus guideline for the management of children on KDT was published, focusing on topics of patient selection, pre-KDT counseling and evaluation, diet choice and attributes, implementation, supplementation, follow-up, side events, and KDT discontinuation. It has been helpful in outlining a state-of-the-art protocol, standardizing KDT for multicenter clinical trials, and identifying areas of controversy and uncertainty for future research. Now one decade later, the organizers and authors of this guideline present a revised version with additional authors, in order to include recent research, especially regarding other dietary treatments, clarifying indications for use, side effects during initiation and ongoing use, value of supplements, and methods of KDT discontinuation. In addition, authors completed a survey of their institution's practices, which was compared to responses from the original consensus survey, to show trends in management over the last 10 years.

Published
2018

11. Variants in KCNJ11 and BAD do not predict response to ketogenic dietary therapies for epilepsy

Author

Schoeler, Natasha E., Leu, Costin, White, Jon, Plagnol, Vincent, Ellard, Sian, Matarin, Mar, Yellen, Gary, Thiele, Elizabeth A., Mackay, Mark, McMahon, Jacinta M., Scheffer, Ingrid E., Sander, Josemir W., Cross, J. Helen, and Sisodiya, Sanjay M.

Subjects
Male, Genotype, Clinical Neurology, MAF, minor allele frequency, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, KDT, ketogenic dietary therapies, Cohort Studies, Seizures, CMH, Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel, Humans, BAD, Genetic Testing, KCNJ11, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, Genetic biomarker, Child, Genetic Association Studies, Analysis of Variance, Epilepsy, Electroencephalography, SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism, Ketogenic diet, United Kingdom, Neurology, Pharmacogenetics, Child, Preschool, Female, bcl-Associated Death Protein, Diet, Ketogenic
Abstract

Highlights • Common KCNJ11 and BAD variants were not associated with KDT response. • There was no consistent effect of rare variants on KDT response. • Larger cohorts may show associations from variants with effect size, In the absence of specific metabolic disorders, predictors of response to ketogenic dietary therapies (KDT) are unknown. We aimed to determine whether variants in established candidate genes KCNJ11 and BAD influence response to KDT. We sequenced KCNJ11 and BAD in individuals without previously-known glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome or other metabolic disorders, who received KDT for epilepsy. Hospital records were used to obtain demographic and clinical data. Two response phenotypes were used: ≥50% seizure reduction and seizure-freedom at 3-month follow-up. Case/control association tests were conducted with KCNJ11 and BAD variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.01, using PLINK. Response to KDT in individuals with variants with MAF 0.01. Eight variants in KCNJ11 and seven in BAD (of which three were previously-unreported) had MAF 0.05 and effect size >3. A larger sample size is needed to detect associations from rare variants or those with smaller effect sizes.

Published
2015
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12. Neurologic phenotypes associated with COL4A1/2 mutations

Author

Zagaglia, Sara, Selch, Christina, Nisevic, Jelena Radic, Mei, Davide, Michalak, Zuzanna, Hernandez-Hernandez, Laura, Krithika, S., Vezyroglou, Katharina, Varadkar, Sophia M., Pepler, Alexander, Biskup, Saskia, Leão, Miguel, Gärtner, Jutta, Merkenschlager, Andreas, Jaksch, Michaela, Møller, Rikke S., Gardella, Elena, Kristiansen, Britta Schlott, Hansen, Lars Kjærsgaard, Vari, Maria Stella, Helbig, Katherine L., Desai, Sonal, Smith-Hicks, Constance L., Hino-Fukuyo, Naomi, Talvik, Tiina, Laugesaar, Rael, Ilves, Pilvi, Õunap, Katrin, Körber, Ingrid, Hartlieb, Till, Kudernatsch, Manfred, Winkler, Peter, Schimmel, Mareike, Hasse, Anette, Knuf, Markus, Heinemeyer, Jan, Makowski, Christine, Ghedia, Sondhya, Subramanian, Gopinath M., Striano, Pasquale, Thomas, Rhys H., Micallef, Caroline, Thom, Maria, Werring, David J., Kluger, Gerhard Josef, Cross, J. Helen, Guerrini, Renzo, Balestrini, Simona, and Sisodiya, Sanjay M.

Subjects
ddc
Published
2018

13. Experimental platform for the investigation of magnetized-reverse-shock dynamics in the context of POLAR

Author

Gregori, G, Albertazzi, B, Falize, E, Pelka, A, Brack, F, Kroll, F, Yurchak, R, Brambrink, E, Mabey, P, Ozaki, N, Pikuz, S, Van Box Som, L, Bonnet-Bidaud, J, Cross, J, Filippov, E, Kodama, R, Mouchet, M, Morita, T, Sakawa, Y, Drake, R, Kuranz, C, Manuel, M, Li, C, Tzeferacos, P, Lamb, D, Schramm, U, and Koenig, M

Subjects
Shock wave, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Context (language use), laboratory astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, accretion processes, polar, Magnetohydrodynamic drive, high-power laser, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Shock (fluid dynamics), Mechanics, Plasma, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mach number, hydrodynamics, symbols, Polar, radiative shocks
Abstract

The influence of a strong external magnetic field on the collimation of a high Mach number plasma flow and its collision with a solid obstacle is investigated experimentally and numerically. The laser irradiation ($I\sim 2\times 10^{14}~\text{W}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$) of a multilayer target generates a shock wave that produces a rear side plasma expanding flow. Immersed in a homogeneous 10 T external magnetic field, this plasma flow propagates in vacuum and impacts an obstacle located a few mm from the main target. A reverse shock is then formed with typical velocities of the order of 15–20 $\pm$ 5 km/s. The experimental results are compared with 2D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the FLASH code. This platform allows investigating the dynamics of reverse shock, mimicking the processes occurring in a cataclysmic variable of polar type.

Published
2018
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14. State of the climate in 2016

Author

Aaron-Morrison, A. P., Ackerman, S. A., Adams, N. G., Adler, R. F., Albanil, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allan, R., Alves, L. M., Amador, J. A., Andreassen, L. M., Arendt, A., Arévalo, J., Arndt, D. S., Arzhanova, N. M., Aschan, M. M., Azorin-Molina, C., Banzon, V., Bardin, M. U., Barichivich, J., Baringer, M. O., Barreira, S., Baxter, S., Bazo, J., Becker, A., Bedka, K. M., Behrenfeld, M. J., Bell, G. D., Belmont, M., Benedetti, A., Bernhard, G., Berrisford, P., Berry, D. I., Bettolli, M. L., Bhatt, U. S., Bidegain, M., Bill, B. D., Billheimer, S., Bissolli, P., Blake, E. S., Blunden, J., Bosilovich, M. G., Boucher, O., Boudet, D., Box, J. E., Boyer, T., Braathen, G. O., Bromwich, D. H., Brown, R., Bulygina, O. N., Burgess, D., Calderón, B., Camargo, S. J., Campbell, J. D., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, G., Carter, B. R., Chambers, D. P., Chandler, E., Christiansen, H. H., Christy, J. R., Chung, D., Chung, E. S., Cinque, K., Clem, K. R., Coelho, C. A., Cogley, J. G., Coldewey-Egbers, M., Colwell, S., Cooper, O. R., Copland, L., Cosca, C. E., Cross, J. N., Crotwell, M. J., Crouch, J., Davis, S. M., Eyto, E., Jeu, R. A. M., Laat, J., Degasperi, C. L., Degenstein, D., Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Destin, D., Di Girolamo, L., Di Giuseppe, F., Diamond, H. J., Dlugokencky, E. J., Dohan, K., Dokulil, M. T., Dolgov, A. V., Dolman, A. J., Domingues, C. M., Donat, M. G., Dong, S., Dorigo, W. A., Dortch, Q., Doucette, G., Drozdov, D. S., Ducklow, H., Dunn, R. J. H., Durán-Quesada, A. M., Dutton, G. S., Ebrahim, A., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, J. W., Espinoza, J. C., Etienne-Leblanc, S., Evans, T. E., Famiglietti, J. S., Farrell, S., Fateh, S., Fausto, R. S., Fedaeff, N., Feely, R. A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, C., Fettweis, X., Fioletov, V. E., Flemming, J., Fogarty, C. T., Fogt, R. L., Folland, C., Fonseca, C., Fossheim, M., Foster, M. J., Fountain, A., Francis, S. D., Franz, B. A., Frey, R. A., Frith, S. M., Froidevaux, L., Ganter, C., Garzoli, S., Gerland, S., Gobron, N., Goldenberg, S. B., Gomez, R. S., Goni, G., Goto, A., Grooß, J. U., Gruber, A., Guard, C. C., Gugliemin, M., Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, J. M., Hagos, S., Hahn, S., Haimberger, L., Hakkarainen, J., Hall, B. D., Halpert, M. S., Hamlington, B. D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Harris, I., Heidinger, A. K., Heikkilä, A., Heil, A., Heim, R. R., Hendricks, S., Hernández, M., Hidalgo, H. G., Hilburn, K., Ho, S. P. B., Holmes, R. M., Hu, Z. Z., Huang, B., Huelsing, H. K., Huffman, G. J., Hughes, C., Hurst, D. F., Ialongo, I., Ijampy, J. A., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Inness, A., Isaksen, K., Ishii, M., Jevrejeva, S., Jiménez, C., Jin, X., Johannesen, E., John, V., Johnsen, B., Johnson, B., Johnson, G. C., Jones, P. D., Joseph, A. C., Jumaux, G., Kabidi, K., Kaiser, J. W., Kato, S., Kazemi, A., Keller, L. M., Kendon, M., Kennedy, J., Kerr, K., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, M., Killick, R., Kim, H., Kim, S. J., Kimberlain, T. B., Klotzbach, P. J., Knaff, J. A., Kobayashi, S., Kohler, J., Korhonen, J., Korshunova, N. N., Kovacs, K. M., Kramarova, N., Kratz, D. P., Kruger, A., Kruk, M. C., Kudela, R., Kumar, A., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, M. A., Landsea, C. W., Lankhorst, M., Lantz, K., Lazzara, M. A., Lemons, P., Leuliette, E., L’heureux, M., Lieser, J. L., Lin, I. I., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Locarnini, R., Loeb, N. G., Lo Monaco, C., Long, C. S., López Álvarez, L. A., Lorrey, A. M., Loyola, D., Lumpkin, R., Luo, J. J., Luojus, K., Lydersen, C., Lyman, J. M., Maberly, S. C., Maddux, B. C., Malheiros Ramos, A., Malkova, G. V., Manney, G., Marcellin, V., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, J. A., Marra, J. J., Marszelewski, W., Martens, B., Martínez-Güingla, R., Massom, R. A., Mata, M. M., Mathis, J. T., May, L., Mayer, M., Mazloff, M., Mcbride, C., Mccabe, M. F., Mccarthy, M., Mcclelland, J. W., Mcgree, S., Mcvicar, T. R., Mears, C. A., Meier, W., Meinen, C. S., Mekonnen, A., Menéndez, M., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. P., Merchant, C. J., Meredith, M. P., Merrifield, M. A., Metzl, N., Minnis, P., Miralles, D. G., Mistelbauer, T., Mitchum, G. T., Monselesan, D., Monteiro, P., Montzka, S. A., Morice, C., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, J., Mullan, A. B., Nash, E. R., Naveira-Garabato, A. C., Nerem, R. S., Newman, P. A., Nieto, J. J., Noetzli, J., O’neel, S., Osborn, T. J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, L., Parinussa, R. M., Park, E. H., Parker, D., Parrington, M., Parsons, A. R., Pasch, R. J., Pascual-Ramírez, R., Paterson, A. M., Paulik, C., Pearce, P. R., Pelto, M. S., Peng, L., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, I., Pezza, A. B., Phillips, D., Pinty, B., Pitts, M. C., Pons, M. R., Porter, A. O., Primicerio, R., Proshutinsky, A., Quegan, S., Quintana, J., Rahimzadeh, F., Rajeevan, M., Randriamarolaza, L., Razuvaev, V. N., Reagan, J., Reid, P., Reimer, C., Rémy, S., Renwick, J. A., Revadekar, J. V., Richter-Menge, J., Riffler, M., Rimmer, A., Rintoul, S., Robinson, D. A., Rodell, M., Rodríguez Solís, J. L., Romanovsky, V. E., Ronchail, J., Rosenlof, K. H., Roth, C., Rusak, J. A., Sabine, C. L., Sallée, J. B., Sánchez-Lugo, A., Santee, M. L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, A., Scambos, T. A., Schemm, J., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, C., Schmid, M., Schmidtko, S., Schreck, C. J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, U., Sensoy, S., Setzer, A., Sharp, M., Shaw, A., Shi, L., Shiklomanov, A. I., Shiklomanov, N. I., Siegel, D. A., Signorini, S. R., Sima, F., Simmons, A. J., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, S. L., Spence, J. M., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, P. W., Stammerjohn, S., Steinbrecht, W., Stella, J. L., Stengel, M., Stennett-Brown, R., Stephenson, T. S., Strahan, S., Streletskiy, D. A., Sun-Mack, S., Swart, S., Sweet, W., Talley, L. D., Tamar, G., Tank, S. E., Taylor, M. A., Tedesco, M., Teubner, K., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, P., Thomson, L., Timmermans, M. L., Maxim Timofeyev, Tirnanes, J. A., Tobin, S., Trachte, K., Trainer, V. L., Tretiakov, M., Trewin, B. C., Trotman, A. R., Tschudi, M., As, D., Wal, R. S. W., A, R. J., Schalie, R., Schrier, G., Werf, G. R., Meerbeeck, C. J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, P., Vigneswaran, B., Vincent, L. A., Volkov, D., Vose, R. S., Wagner, W., Wåhlin, A., Wahr, J., Walsh, J., Wang, C., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M., Wang, S. H., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, S., Weber, M., Weller, R. A., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., Whitewood, R., Wijffels, S. E., Wilber, A. C., Wild, J. D., Willett, K. M., Williams, M. J. M., Willie, S., Wolken, G., Wong, T., Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. I., Wouters, B., Xue, Y., Yamada, R., Yim, S. Y., Yin, X., Young, S. H., Yu, L., Zahid, H., Zambrano, E., Zhang, P., Zhao, G., Zhou, L., Ziemke, J. R., Love-Brotak, S. E., Gilbert, K., Maycock, T., Osborne, S., Sprain, M., Veasey, S. W., Ambrose, B. J., Griffin, J., Misch, D. J., Riddle, D. B., Young, T., Macias Fauria, M, Blunden, J, Arndt, D, Earth and Climate, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Clinical Developmental Psychology, Climate Change and Landscape Dynamics, and Molecular Cell Physiology

Subjects
Meteor (satellite), Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Geography, 13. Climate action, Climatology, SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.

Published
2017
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16. Colloid cyst of the third cerebral ventricle with an embryological remnant consistent with paraphysis cerebri in an adult human

Author

Cross J, Nagaraju S, O'Donovan Dg, and Fernandes H

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Biology, Histogenesis, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Colloid Cysts, Embryological remnant, medicine, Humans, Diencephalon, Third Ventricle, Third ventricle, Colloid cyst, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Age Factors, General Medicine, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Neuroepithelial cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Choroid plexus, Neurology (clinical), Third Cerebral Ventricle, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ependyma
Abstract

The histogenesis of colloid cysts of the third ventricle remains unsettled. Initial theories favored a neuroepithelial (paraphysis, ependyma, choroid plexus) origin and some investigators based on morphologic analysis have offered an alternative endodermal source. We report a case of colloid cyst of the third ventricle arising in association with a remnant which we believe corresponds to the paraphysis cerebri in man.

Published
2010
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17. Guiding of relativistic electron beams in dense matter by longitudinally imposed strong magnetic fields

Author

Bailly-Grandvaux, M., Santos, J. J., Bellei, C., Forestier-Colleoni, P., Fujioka, S., Giuffrida, L., Honrubia, J. J., Batani, D., Bouillaud, R., Chevrot, M., Cross, J. E., Crowston, R., Dorard, S., Dubois, J. -L., Ehret, M., Gregori, G., Hulin, S., Kojima, S., Loyez, E., Marques, J. -R., Morace, A., Nicolai, Ph., Roth, M., Sakata, S., Schaumann, G., Serres, F., Servel, J., Tikhonchuk, V. T., Woolsey, N., and Zhang, Z.

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

High-energy-density flows through dense matter are needed for effective progress in the production of laser-driven intense sources of energetic particles and radiation, in driving matter to extreme temperatures creating state regimes relevant for planetary or stellar science as yet inaccessible at the laboratory scale, or in achieving high-gain laser-driven thermonuclear fusion. When interacting at the surface of dense (opaque) targets, intense lasers accelerate relativistic electron beams which transport a significant fraction of the laser energy into the target depth. However, the overall laser-to-target coupling efficiency is impaired by the large divergence of the electron beam, intrinsic to the laser-plasma interaction. By imposing a longitudinal 600T laser-driven magnetic-field, our experimental results show guided >10MA-current of MeV-electrons in solid matter. Due to the applied magnetic field, the transported energy-density and the peak background electron temperature at the 60micron-thick targets rear surface rise by factors 5, resulting from unprecedentedly efficient guiding of relativistic electron currents., 11 pages, 7 figures

Published
2016
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18. Framing international migration

Author

Dehm, S, Opeskin, B, Perruchoud, R, Redpath-Cross, J, Harding, J, Mezzadra, S, and Neilson, B

Abstract

© 2015 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. This article brings into conversation three books that touch on the relationship between international law, institutional authority and human mobility. Read together, these books prod international lawyers to question where different jurisdictional schema locate authority and to notice the particular ends at stake in framing human mobility.

Published
2015

19. Intelligence quotient improves after antiepileptic drug withdrawal following pediatric epilepsy surgery

Author

Boshuisen, Kim, van Schooneveld, Monique M. J., Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M., Cross, J. Helen, Harrison, Sue, Polster, Tilman, Daehn, Marion, Djimjadi, Sarina, Yalnizoglu, Dilek, Turanli, Guzide, Sassen, Robert, Hoppe, Christian, Kuczaty, Stefan, Barba, Carmen, Kahane, Philippe, Schubert-Bast, Susanne, Reuner, Gitta, Bast, Thomas, Strobl, Karl, Mayer, Hans, de Saint-Martin, Anne, Seegmuller, Caroline, Laurent, Agathe, Arzimanoglou, Alexis, Braun, Kees P. J., and TimeToStop Cognitive Outcome

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, MONOTHERAPY, Intelligence, CHILDHOOD, CHILDREN, Neuropsychological Tests, Neurosurgical Procedures, Cohort Studies, DOUBLE-BLIND, Cognition, Journal Article, Humans, Postoperative Period, SPEED, Child, Retrospective Studies, Intelligence Tests, OUTCOMES, Epilepsy, Brain Neoplasms, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, TIME, Malformations of Cortical Development, Anticonvulsants, Female, Cognition Disorders
Abstract

ObjectiveAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have cognitive side effects that, particularly in children, may affect intellectual functioning. With the TimeToStop (TTS) study, we showed that timing of AED withdrawal does not majorly influence long-term seizure outcomes. We now aimed to evaluate the effect of AED withdrawal on postoperative intelligence quotient (IQ), and change in IQ (delta IQ) following pediatric epilepsy surgery. MethodsWe collected IQ scores of children from the TTS cohort with both pre- and postoperative neuropsychological assessments (NPAs; n=301) and analyzed whether reduction of AEDs prior to the latest NPA was related to postoperative IQ and delta IQ, using linear regression analyses. Factors previously identified as independently relating to (delta) IQ, and currently identified predictors of (delta) IQ, were considered possible confounders and used for adjustment. Additionally, we adjusted for a compound propensity score that contained previously identified determinants of timing of AED withdrawal. ResultsMean interval to the latest NPA was 19.818.9 months. Reduction of AEDs at the latest NPA significantly improved postoperative IQ and delta IQ (adjusted regression coefficient [RC]=3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.6-6.2, p=0.018 and RC=4.5, 95% CI=1.7-7.4, p=0.002), as did complete withdrawal (RC=4.8, 95% CI=1.4-8.3, p=0.006 and RC=5.1, 95% CI=1.5-8.7, p=0.006). AED reduction also predicted 10-point IQ increase (p=0.019). The higher the number of AEDs reduced, the higher was the IQ (gain) after surgery (RC=2.2, 95% CI=0.6-3.7, p=0.007 and RC=2.6, 95% CI=1.0-4.2, p=0.001, IQ points per AED reduced). InterpretationStart of AED withdrawal, number of AEDs reduced, and complete AED withdrawal were associated with improved postoperative IQ scores and gain in IQ, independent of other determinants of cognitive outcome. Ann Neurol 2015;78:104-114

Published
2014

20. Diagnostic test utilization in evaluation for resective epilepsy surgery in children

Author

Jayakar, Prasanna, Gaillard, William D, Tripathi, Manjari, Libenson, Mark H, Mathern, Gary W, Cross, J Helen, and Task Force for Paediatric Epilepsy Surgery, Commission for Paediatrics, and the Diagnostic Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy

Subjects
Pediatric, Epilepsy, MEG, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Advisory Committees, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neuroimaging, Neurodegenerative, Brain Disorders, PET, Epilepsy surgery, Medical, SPECT, Neurological, and the Diagnostic Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy, Humans, EEG, Child, Societies, Task Force for Paediatric Epilepsy Surgery, Children, Commission for Paediatrics, MRI
Abstract

Epilepsy surgery is highly successful in achieving seizure freedom in carefully selected children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Advances in technology have aided presurgical evaluation and increased the number of possible candidates. Many of the tests employed are resource intense, and in specific cases they may be unhelpful or have adverse effects. Some standardization of the evaluation process is thus considered timely. Given the lack of class 1 or 2 evidence defining the relative utility of each test in specific clinicopathologic cohorts, a set of expert recommendations was attempted using consensus among members of the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commissions of Pediatrics and Diagnostics These recommendations aim to limit fringe over or underutilization of use while retaining substantial flexibility in the use of various tests, in keeping with most standard practices at established pediatric epilepsy centers. A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.

Published
2014

21. List of Contributors

Author

Masanori Abe, Joerg Adler, Tadafumi Adschiri, Kazuki Akamatsu, Jun Akedo, Fritz Aldinger, Rebecca Alway-Cooper, Nobuaki Aoki, Toshihiko Arita, Alexander Badev, George Beall, Raul Bermejo, Diego Cazorla-Amorós, Thierry Chartier, Toyohiro Chikyo, Robert Danzer, Marco Deluca, Mildred S. Dresselhaus, M. Endo, Naoya Enomoto, Theo Fett, Tobias Fey, Jeffrey T. Fong, Stephen W. Freiman, Takao Fujikawa, Koji Fujita, Ryuzo Furukawa, Dipankar Ghosh, Takashi Goto, E. Gracia-Espino, Peter Greil, Hiroshi Handa, Yoshiyasu Harada, Mamoru Hatakeyama, T. Hayashi, Mathias Herrmann, Kiyoshi Hirao, Daisuke Hojo, Wolfram Höland, Takuya Hoshina, Hideo Hosono, Mikinori Hotta, Hideki Hyuga, Toshiyuki Ikoma, Yuichi Ikuhara, Michio Inagaki, Masashi Inoue, Emanuel Ionescu, Emile H. Ishida, Hiroaki Itami, Yoshiyasu Itoh, Toshio Itoh, Noriya Izu, Y-P. Jeon, Se-Young Jeong, Kiyoshi Kanamura, Kiyofumi Katagiri, Yuuzou Kawahara, Hitoshi Kawaji, Y.A. Kim, Hideki Kita, Hideomi Koinuma, Sridhar Komarneni, Naoki Kondo, Masashi Kotobuki, Kunihito Koumoto, Ji-Guang Li, Angel Linares-Solano, Mikk Lippmaa, F. López-Urías, Tanja Lube, Hirotaka Maeda, Yasuo Manabe, Lalit M. Manocha, Branko Matović, Ichiro Matsubara, Yuji Matsumoto, David McKinney, Kimitaka Minami, Marlon Morales, R. Morrell, Hirokazu Munakata, Dietrich Munz, Shunsuke Murai, H. Muramatsu, Takashi Nakagawa, Shin-ichi Nakao, Amod A. Ogale, Tatsuki Ohji, Osamu Okada, Eiji Osawa, Jun-ichi Ozaki, Uwe Petasch, Ralf Riedel, Rustum Roy, Sumio Sakka, Yoshio Sakka, Cross J. Scott, Taiju Shibata, Shuichi Shibata, Woosuck Shin, Yoshikazu Shinohara, Hiroshi Shioyama, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Shigeyuki Somiya, Yasushi Soneda, Ghatu Subhash, Katsuaki Suganuma, P. Supancic, Yuko Suto, Setsu Suzuki, Motohiro Tagaya, Ryota Takahashi, Seiichi Takami, Tadashi Takenaka, Katsuhisa Tanaka, Junzo Tanaka, H. Terrones, Mauricio Terrones, Takanari Togashi, Masao Tokita, Takaaki Tsurumi, Tomoaki Ueda, Fumihiro Wakai, Markus Weinmann, Toyohiko Yano, and Cordt Zollfrank

Published
2013
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22. Application of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation for In Situ Monitoring of Interfacial Phenomena between Bioceramics and Cells

Author

Motohiro Tagaya, Junzo Tanaka, Toshiyuki Ikoma, and Cross J. Scott

Subjects
In situ, Electrophoresis, Adsorption, Materials science, Nanotechnology, Quartz crystal microbalance, Dissipation, Composite material, Viscoelasticity, Protein adsorption, Cell Adhesion Process
Abstract

When bioceramics are implanted into a body, proteins in the fluid adsorb and subsequently cells adhere on the surface. To detect the structural characteristics at the interface between the surfaces and cells, a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique is one of excellent in situ analytical methods. The QCM-D detecting the interfacial phenomena with the protein adsorption and cell adhesion has been recently researched, and hydroxyapatite sensor surfaces fabricated by an electrophoretic method have been also studied for understanding the interface. The interfacial viscoelastic properties (shear viscosity, elastic shear modulus and tan δ ) of the interface were estimated using a Voigt-based viscoelastic model from the measured frequency (Δ f ) and dissipation shift (Δ D ) curves. The different cell adhesion process, interfacial viscoelasticity, and morphology depending on the surfaces were successfully evaluated by the QCM-D technique. This chapter summarized the studies on the QCM-D technique that clarify the interfacial phenomena between bioceramics and cells.

Published
2013
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23. Electrical And Memory Window Properties Of Sr0.8-Xbaxbi2.2Ta2-Yzryo9 Ferroelectric Gate In Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor Structure

Author

Bozgeyik, M. S., Cross, J. S., Ishiwara, H., and Shinozaki, K.

Abstract

Electrical characteristics of Sr0.8-xBaxBi2.2Ta2-yZryO9 ferroelectric films grown on HfO2/Si wafers by sol-gel spin coating technique were investigated from the viewpoint of application as ferroelectric gates in metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) stacks. It was observed that the leakage current density level was 10(-8) A/cm(2) under 14 V for moderate doping ratio. Determined memory windows from C-V characteristics of Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 (SBT) and Sr0.8-xBaxBi2.2Ta2-yZryO9 (x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.12 and y = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) are 0.59, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.86 V at gate sweeping bias of 5 V, respectively. Some part of electronic properties of Sr0.8-xBaxBi2.2Ta2-yZryO9 with the objective to enhance memory window up to 45 % were discussed. It was interpreted that defects which are formed in Ba and Zr modified SBT affected the electronic processes like leakage current, memory window and charge trapping.

Published
2012

25. Ferroelectric And Electrical Properties Of Bazro3 Doped Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 Thin Films

Author

Bozgeyik, Mehmet S., Cross, J. S., Shiwara, H. I., and Shinozaki, K.

Abstract

For the first time, BaZrO3 (BZO) doped Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films were prepared and related ferroelectric and electrical properties were evaluated. Sol-gel thin films of SBT doped with two different BZO mol% ratios were fabricated by spin coating technique on Pt(100nm)/Ti(50nm)/Si(100) substrates. The films were well crystallized at 750 degrees C in oxygen gas by RTA for 30 min. From the XRD analysis the crystalline orientation pattern showed that the dominant orientation is (115) for both doped and pure SBT. The films with 5 and 7 mol% BZO ratios showed ferroelectric hysteresis loops at a frequency of 10 kHz. The remanent polarization (2Pr) was significantly reduced to similar to 5.7 mu C/cm(2) and 1.9 mu C/cm(2) by 5 and 7 mol% doping, respectively. Such a low remanent polarization of 7 mol% BZO doped SBT is suitable for 1T (One Transistor)-FET (Field Effect Transistor) type FeRAMs. The dielectric constant decreased to similar to 135 by 7 mol% doping compare to that of 205 of SBT. Doping leads to an increase in leakage current to 10(-7) A/cm(2) level at electric field at 300 kV/cm.

Published
2008

26. Contributions and Comments

Author

Cross, J. A., Nestle, E., Masterman, E. W. G., and Jannaris, A. N.

Abstract

n/a

Published
1902

31. Problems with co-funding in Canada [1]

Author

Tyers, M., Brown, E., Andrews, D. W., Bergeron, J. J. M., Boone, C., Bremner, R., Bussey, H. A., Cross, J. C., Davies, J. E., Desjardins, M., Dick, J. E., Dumont, D. J., Durocher, D., Ellison, M. J., Golding, G. B., Gray, M. W., Harrington, L. A., Hieter, P. A., Johnston, G., Kelvin, D. J., Mccarry, B. E., Michnick, S. W., Ouellette, F., Pearlman, R. E., Penn, L. J. Z., Pelletier, J., Rachubinski, R. A., Rennie, P. S., Rotin, D., Robert Rottapel, Sadowski, I., Sicheri, F., Siminovitch, L., Sonenberg, N., Siu, K. W. M., Tremblay, M. L., Winegarden, N., Wozniak, R. W., Wright, G. D., and Woodgett, J. R.

33. State of the Climate in 2012 INTRODUCTION

Author

Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Stephen A., Albanil, Adelina, Alexander, P., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Ambenje, Peter, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Aravequia, Jose A., Arendt, A., Arevalo, Juan, Arndt, Derek S., Ashik, I., Atheru, Zachary, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David E., Beard, Grant, Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, Germar, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathan, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Blunden, Jessica, Booneeady, Raj, Bosilovich, Michael, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Brown, L., Bruhwiler, Lori, Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Burrows, John, Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka, Cao, Y., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, Gualberto, Chambers, Don P., Chang A, L., Chappell, Petra, Chehade, Wissam, Cheliah, Muthuvel, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Ciais, Phillipe, Coelho, Caio A. S., Cogley, J. G., Colwell, Steve, Cross, J. N., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Dacic, Milan, Jeu, Richard A. M., Dekaa, Francis S., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Dong Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, Claude R., Dunn, Robert J. H., Duran-Quesada, Ana M., Dutton, Geoff S., Ehmann, Christian, Elkins, James W., Euscategui, Christian, Famiglietti, James S., Fang Fan, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Chris T., Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris K., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Frith, Stacey H., Frolov, I., Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Geai, M. -L, Gerland, S., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gregg, Margarita C., Griffiths, Georgina, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Guard, Charles Chip, Gupta, Shashi K., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Harada, Yayoi, Hauri, C., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkila, Anu, Heim, Richard R., Heimbach, Patrick, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobbs, Will R., Holgate, Simon, Hovsepyan, Anahit, Hu Zeng-Zhen, Hughes, P., Hurst, Dale F., Ingvaldsen, R., Inness, Antje, Jaimes, Ena, Jakobsson, Martin, James, Adamu I., Jeffries, Martin O., Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjorn, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Bryan, Jones, Luke T., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kamga, Andre, Kang, Kyun-Kuk, Kanzow, Torsten O., Kao, Hsun-Ying, Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Key, J., Khatiwala, Samar, Pour, H. Kheyrollah, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kijazi, Agnes, Kikuchi, T., Kim, B. -M, Kim, S. -J, Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Korshunova, Natalia N., Koskela, T., Kousky, Vernon E., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, David P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar, Arun, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Laurila, T., Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, Craig, Leuliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, L Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan, Lin, I-I, Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Y., Liu Hongxing, Liu Yanju, Lobato-Sanchez, Rene, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Loeng, H., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luhunga, P., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Malekela, C., Manney, Gloria, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marotzke, Jochem, Marra, John J., Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., Mathis, Jeremy T., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccarthy, Gerard, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl, Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Menendez, Melisa, Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchard, Edward, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Stephen A., Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muehle, Jens, Muehr, Bernhard, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, Rolf, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newlin, Michele L., Newman, Paul A., Ng Ongolo, H., Nieto, Juan Jose, Nishino, S., Nitsche, Helga, Noetzli, Jeannette, Oberman, N. G., Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban A., Oludhe, Christopher S., Omar, Mohamed I., Overland, James, Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Parinussa, Robert M., Park, Geun-Ha, Park, E-Hyung, Parker, David, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga, Peng, L., Perovich, Don K., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pickart, R., Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quegan, Shaun, Quintana, Juan, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Raholijao, Nirivololona, Raiva, I., Rajeevan, Madhavan, Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina, Ramos, Alexandre, Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra, Rayner, Nick A., Rayner, Darren, Razuveav, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James, Revedekar, Jayashree, Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rivera, Ingrid L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Karen Rosenlof, Sabine, Christopher L., Salvador, Mozar A., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, I., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schlosser, P., Schmid, Claudia, Schreck, Carl, Semiletov, Igor, Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Setzer, Alberto, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Shakhova, Natalia, Sharp, M., Shiklomanov, Nicolai I., Siegel, David A., Silva, Viviane B. S., Silva, Frabricio D. S., Sima, Fatou, Simeonov, Petio, Simmonds, I., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smeed, David A., Smethie, W. M., Smith, Adam B., Smith, Cathy, Smith, Sharon L., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, V., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, M., Steffen, Konrad, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia, Su, J., Svendby, T., Sweet, William, Takahashi, Taro, Tanabe, Raymond M., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, Marco, Teng, William L., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thoman, R., Thompson, Philip, Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. -L, Tobin, Skie, Toole, J., Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Trotman, Adrian, Tschudi, M., Wal, Roderik S. W., Werf, Guido R., Vautard, Robert, Vazquez, J. L., Vieira, Goncalo, Vincent, Lucie, Vose, Russ S., Wagner, Wolfgang W., Wahr, John, Walsh, J., Wang Junhong, Wang Chunzai, Wang, M., Wang Sheng-Hung, Wang Lei, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Weber, Mark, Werdell, P. Jeremy, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, J. D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, R., Worthy, D., Wouters, B., Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue Yan, Yamada, Ryuji, Yin Zungang, Yu Lisan, Zhang Liangying, Zhang Peiqun, Zhao Lin, Zhao, J., Zhong, W., Ziemke, Jerry, and Zimmermann, S.

34. Control of foodborne trematode infections

Author

Abdussalam, M., Bronstein, A. M., Seung-Yull Cho, Cross, J. H., Farag, H. F., Massoud, J., Rim, H. -J, Song, C. C., Sornmani, S., Yokogawa, M., Hansen, J., Lima Dos Santos, C. A., Race, J., Adams, A., Kaferstein, F. K., Khamboonruang, C., Mott, K. E., Naquira, C., Sima, H., and Yu, S. -H

37. Cardiac Phenotype In ATP1A3 Related-Syndromes: A Multicentre Study

Author

Balestrini, S., Mikati, M., Garcia-Roves, R. Alvarez, Carboni, M., Hunanyan, A., Kherallah, B., Mclean, M., Prange, L., Grandis, E., Gagliardi, A., Pisciotta, L., Stagnaro, M., Veneselli, E., Campistol, J., Fons, C., Brashear, A., Miller, C., Samoes, R., Brankovic, V., Padiath, Q., Potic, A., Pilch, J., Vezyroglou, K., Hollingsworth, G., Scheffer, I., Granata, T., Nardo NARDOCCI, Ragona, F., Arzimanoglou, A., Panagiotakaki, E., Carrilho, I., Zucca, C., Novy, J., Dziezyc, K., Parowicz, M., Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, M., Weckhuysen, S., Pons, R., Groppa, S., Sinden, D. S., Pitt, G., Tinker, A., Ashworth, M., Michalak, Z., Thom, M., Cross, J. H., Vavassori, R., Kaski, J. P., and Sisodiya, S. M.

39. Novel surface features for automated detection of focal cortical dysplasias in paediatric epilepsy

Author

Adler, Sophie, Wagstyl, Konrad, Gunny, Roxana, Ronan, Lisa, Carmichael, David, Cross, J Helen, Fletcher, Paul C, and Baldeweg, Torsten

Subjects
Male, Intractable epilepsy, Adolescent, FCD, focal cortical dysplasia, LCD, local cortical deformation, Machine Learning, AUC, area under the curve, ROC, receiver operator characteristic, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Humans, FCD, Child, Cerebral Cortex, PCA, principal component analysis, Brain Mapping, Epilepsy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, Oxygen, Structural MRI, Paediatric, Area Under Curve, Child, Preschool, Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I, Automated classification, Female, LGI, local gyrification index
Abstract

Focal cortical dysplasia is a congenital abnormality of cortical development and the leading cause of surgically remediable drug-resistant epilepsy in children. Post-surgical outcome is improved by presurgical lesion detection on structural MRI. Automated computational techniques have improved detection of focal cortical dysplasias in adults but have not yet been effective when applied to developing brains. There is therefore a need to develop reliable and sensitive methods to address the particular challenges of a paediatric cohort. We developed a classifier using surface-based features to identify focal abnormalities of cortical development in a paediatric cohort. In addition to established measures, such as cortical thickness, grey-white matter blurring, FLAIR signal intensity, sulcal depth and curvature, our novel features included complementary metrics of surface morphology such as local cortical deformation as well as post-processing methods such as the "doughnut" method - which quantifies local variability in cortical morphometry/MRI signal intensity, and per-vertex interhemispheric asymmetry. A neural network classifier was trained using data from 22 patients with focal epilepsy (mean age = 12.1 ± 3.9, 9 females), after intra- and inter-subject normalisation using a population of 28 healthy controls (mean age = 14.6 ± 3.1, 11 females). Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to quantify classifier sensitivity using established features and the combination of established and novel features. Focal cortical dysplasias in our paediatric cohort were correctly identified with a higher sensitivity (73%) when novel features, based on our approach for detecting local cortical changes, were included, when compared to the sensitivity using only established features (59%). These methods may be applicable to aiding identification of subtle lesions in medication-resistant paediatric epilepsy as well as to the structural analysis of both healthy and abnormal cortical development.

42. Nature of nonlinear imprint in ferroelectric films and long-term prediction of polarization loss in ferroelectric memories

Author

Tagantsev, A. K., Stolichnov, I., Setter, N., and Cross, J. S.

Subjects
interface screening model, origin, simulation, pbzrxti1-xo3 thin-films
Abstract

The phenomenon of polarization imprint consisting of the development of a preferential polarization state in ferroelectric films is known as one of the major issues impacting the development of high density ferroelectric memories. According to the commonly accepted scenario, the imprint is related to the charge injection and charge accumulation in the nearby-electrode passive layer of the ferroelectric film. Recent studies demonstrated that the coercive voltage shift induced by the imprint exhibits a nonlinear time dependence in a logarithmic scale. This result was interpreted as the presence of two different imprint mechanisms characterized by different activation energies. In the present work, an analytical theory of the injection scenario of imprint is developed. The charge accumulation at the interface is shown to provoke a voltage offset and polarization loss which are nonlinearly dependent on the time in logarithmic scale. This result is obtained for different charge injection mechanisms including Schottky, Pool-Frenkel, and tunneling scenarios. Thus, it is shown that a single imprint mechanism can be responsible for a nolinear (in logarithmic scale) time dependence of the voltage offset and polarization loss. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the logarithmic rate of imprint is shown to be nonexponential. The developed model ties together the time and temperature dependences of imprint. For the experimental verification of the model a study of imprint has been performed on (111) Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 film capacitors with temperatures ranging from 25 to 150degreesC and exposure times up to 1000 h. It has been found that the theory developed adequately describes the obtained experimental data. Based upon the theoretical and experimental results a test for ferroelectric memories is proposed, which enables the long-term prediction of polarization loss caused by imprint for a wide temperature range and for different operating voltages. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

46. The Gaia mission

Author

Belokurov, V., Troisi, L., Zurbach, C., Krone-Martins, A., Blagorodnova, N., Prusti, T., Guerra, R., Tapiador, D., Thuillot, W., Aerts, C., De Angeli, F., Hobbs, D., Martino, M., Ayache, L., Virtanen, J., Fonti, A., Nienartowicz, K., Pieniluoma, T., Molinaro, M., Mora, A., Irwin, M., Baker, S., Jordi, C., Abbas, U., Olias Sanz, A., Gai, M., Masana, E., Garofalo, A., Cropper, M., Gómez, M., Høg, E., Bendjoya, P., Ulla, A., Barros, M., Montegriffo, P., Vecchiato, A., Gebran, M., Fustes, D., Bigot, L., Helmi, A., Anderson, R., Seabroke, M., Di Matteo, P., Lanza, F., Fraile, E., Ruiz-Dern, L., Barbier, A., Segransan, D., Rauw, G., David, P., Burgess, P., Ribeiro, R., Van Leeuwen, F., Smareglia, R., Kutka, A., Gavras, P., Salgado, J., Gosset, E., Arsenijevic, V., Pourbaix, D., Hernández, J., Hypki, A., De Laverny, P., Gallegos, J., Altavilla, G., Molina, D., Barrado Y Navascués, D., Marchal, O., Sagristà Sellés, T., Milligan, J., Sciacca, E., Bello García, A., Bombrun, A., Vallenari, A., Drazinos, P., Barata, C., Karampelas, A., Anglada Varela, E., Spagna, A., Creevey, O., David, M., Munari, U., Arcay, B., Isasi Parache, Y., Serraller Vizcaino, I., Schultheis, M., Brunet, P., Prat, G., Andrae, R., Ripepi, V., Burgon, R., Pagano, I., Lopez-Lozano, A., Gracia-Abril, G., Barache, C., Bouy, H., Blasco, C., Gilmore, G., Andrei, H., Iannicola, G., Tsalmantza, P., Wallut, J.-M., Bragaglia, A., Brown, S., Amorim, A., Roelens, M., Blomme, R., Martinez-Rubi, O., Taris, F., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Pasquato, E., Frézouls, B., Janotto, M., Vicente, D., Hambly, C., Galluccio, L., Holland, G., Van Reeven, W., Charvet, P., Palacin, H., Peltzer, C., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., De Bruijne, H., Garé, P., Rimoldini, L., Mowlavi, N., Brüsemeister, T., Soria Nieto, S., Korn, J., Zschocke, S., Holl, B., Palaversa, L., De Luise, F., Luri, X., Solano, E., Leroux, F., Stampa, U., Meynadier, F., Collins, S., Liu, C., Bourda, G., Mary, N., García-Torres, M., Comoretto, G., Bellei, G., Short, A., Arenou, F., Petit, J.-M., Ramos-Lerate, M., Chéreau, F., Carry, B., Gomes, M., Ortiz, P., Ranalli, P., Marinoni, S., Boch, T., Michalik, D., Bachchan, R., Delgado, H., Jasniewicz, G., Sarro, L., Budnik, F., Koubsky, P., Faye, F., Kontizas, M., Marchant, J., Vogt, S., Grux, E., Crosta, M., Klar, J., Plum, G., Kudryashova, M., Lister, A., Risquez, D., Kochukhov, O., Robin, C., Werner, D., Carlucci, T., Mercier, E., Holland, D., Trager, S., Allen, M., Pedrosa, R., Pecoraro, M., Charlot, P., Brown, A., Joliet, E., Weiler, M., Gueguen, A., Lanza, C., Ordénovic, C., García-Sedano, F., Randich, S., Rowell, N., Marschalkó, G., Yoldas, A., Spoto, F., Anglada-Escudé, G., Hodgkin, S., Carrion, Claire, Cantat-Gaudin, T., Fouesneau, M., Rambaux, N., Stephenson, C., Geyer, R., Campbell, H., Babusiaux, C., Altmann, M., Valentini, G., Wilkinson, M., Narbonne, J., Suess, F., Royer, F., Gallardo, E., De Felice, F., Voss, H., Monteiro, D., Pichon, B., Diakite, S., Martino, D., Evans, W., Barstow, M., Löffler, W., Fabricius, C., Park, P., Pailler, F., Damerdji, Y., Theil, S., Palmer, M., Burlacu, A., Bach, N., Lock, T., Walton, A., Silva, H., Astraatmadja, L., Rudolph, A., Cellino, A., Gerssen, J., O’Mullane, W., Bianchi, L., Del Pozo, E., Fries, A., Mestre, A., Girona, S., Teixeira, R., Filippi, F., Pauwels, T., Siopis, C., Siebert, A., Schnorhk, A., Managau, S., Siddiqui, H., Osborne, P., Steele, A., Kordopatis, G., Carrasco, J., Jonckheere, A., Plachy, E., Busso, G., Castañeda, J., Makarov, V., Sarri, G., Hestroffer, D., Domingues, D., Galleti, S., Tur, D., González-Núñez, J., Segol, M., De Teodoro, P., Bucciarelli, B., Varadi, M., Soffel, M., Fedorets, G., Terrett, D., Moniez, M., Marconi, M., Via, Y., Macdonald, I., Halbwachs, J., Allende Prieto, C., Muinonen, K., Eynard Bontemps, G., Walmsley, G., Abreu Aramburu, A., Gúrpide, A., Terrell, D., Loureiro, T., Panem, C., Guerrier, A., Paulsen, T., Delle Luche, C., Dubath, P., Antiche, E., Prša, A., Haywood, M., Mor, R., Prod’Homme, T., Licata, E., Guillout, P., De Ridder, J., Eyer, L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Péturaud, F., Borrachero, R., Souchay, J., Debosscher, J., Granvik, M., Recio-Blanco, A., Parsons, P., Bellazzini, M., Durán, J., Knude, J., Lobel, A., Nicastro, L., Mignard, F., Buzzi, R., Slezak, E., Shih, C., Riello, M., Kim, W., Morley, T., Fienga, A., Votruba, V., Gomboc, A., Dell’Oro, A., Tiede, C., Jevardat De Fombelle, G., Nelemans, G., Jofré, P., Nguyen, A., Žerjal, M., Szabados, L., Kolenberg, K., Kos, J., Martayan, C., Riva, A., Süveges, M., Zucker, S., Renk, F., Hoar, J., Smart, R., Crowley, C., Bono, G., Hutton, A., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Segovia, J., Els, S., Solitro, F., Miranda, H., Bernstein, H., Mann, R., Frémat, Y., Wevers, T., Heiter, U., Matijevič, G., Berthier, J., Russo, F., Giuffrida, G., Millar, R., Balm, P., Delbo, M., Lindegren, L., Keil, R., Mulone, F., Weingrill, K., Chassat, F., Falcão, J., Farràs Casas, M., Huckle, H., Livanou, E., González-Vidal, J., Nordlander, T., Van Hemelryck, E., Szegedi-Elek, E., Garralda, N., Van Hamme, W., Bijaoui, A., Sinachopoulos, D., Reylé, C., Sarasso, M., Martín-Fleitas, J., Raison, F., Molinaro, R., Wichmann, R., Rixon, G., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Pineau, F., Piersimoni, M., Torra, J., Soubiran, C., Lainey, V., Kull, I., Fodor, F., Erdmann, M., Berihuete, A., Collins, P., Enke, H., Pancino, E., Dafonte, C., Kohley, R., Passot, X., Ducourant, C., Lavigne, J., Dapergolas, A., Bressan, A., Richards, J., Allan, P., Loreggia, D., Distefano, E., Sosnowska, D., Valles, P., Ziaeepour, H., Marseille, M., López, M., De Cat, P., Allasia, W., Aguado, J., Dolding, C., Poels, J., Espina, M., Álvarez, M., Lorenz, D., Utrilla, E., Fabrizio, M., Chaoul, L., Bastian, U., Benson, K., Biermann, M., Antoja, T., Pulone, L., Poinsignon, V., Katz, D., Hofmann, W., Findeisen, K., Via, T., Faigler, S., Rebordao, J., Huc, C., Barblan, F., Sadowski, G., Taylor, M., Sordo, R., Lebouquin, D., Read, A., Butkevich, A., Van Elteren, A., Manteiga, M., Hauser, M., Jonker, P., Voutsinas, S., Morbidelli, R., Fuchs, J., Bouquillon, S., Molnár, L., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Accart, S., Vachier, F., Cocozza, G., Marshall, J., Sahlmann, J., Kochoska, A., De March, R., Portell, J., Tanga, P., Edvardsson, B., Osorio, J., Antón, S., Pigozzi, E., Alves, J., Kowalczyk, A., Chiavassa, A., Savietto, H., Sembay, S., Veljanoski, J., Klagyivik, P., Tur, C., Ecale, E., Bienaymé, O., Dos Anjos, S., Leccia, S., Messineo, R., Serpell, E., Guy, L., Harrison, L., Bailer-Jones, L., Cheek, N., Dzigan, Y., Ordieres-Meré, J., Tingley, B., Poujoulet, E., Cowell, S., Ragaini, S., De Torres, A., Marie, J., Baroni, M., Lenhardt, H., Osinde, J., Lemaitre, V., Pereira, J., Thévenin, F., Di Marco, F., Ruiz-Fuertes, M., Klioner, S., Darmigny, E., Ouzounis, A., Julbe, F., Busonero, D., Grebel, E., Jordan, S., Cacciari, C., Clotet, M., Stoev, H., Vaccari, M., Moitinho, A., Rago, S., Fernique, P., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Veltz, L., Liao, S., Escolar, D., Messina, S., Drimmel, R., Lindstrøm, H., Heyrovsky, A., Guiraud, J., Breddels, M., Garabato, D., Rosen, S., Mcmillan, J., Straižys, V., Gardiol, D., Lebreton, Y., Mazeh, T., Beck, M., Bunclark, P., Peralta, J., Ter Linden, M., Mantelet, G., Morel, T., Furnell, R., Sartoretti, P., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Van Leeuwen, M., Steidelmüller, H., Azaz, S., Pentikäinen, H., Kolka, I., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Clementini, G., Charnas, J., Alecu, A., Kontizas, E., Figueras, F., Fyfe, D., Crifo, F., Jansen, F., Delgado, A., Costigan, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Koposov, S., Valette, V., Surdej, J., Massart, B., Castellani, M., Morgenthaler, S., Regibo, S., Delchambre, L., Fraser, M., Cancelliere, R., Boudreault, S., Marrese, P., Chemin, L., Lattanzi, M., Bramante, L., Gómez, A., Bellas-Velidis, I., Leclerc, N., Federici, L., Cuypers, J., Hunt, S., Cambras, J., Brouillet, N., Icardi, V., Tauran, G., Cross, J., Atzei, A., Corcione, L., De Zeeuw, P., Lebzelter, T., Lammers, U., Ocvirk, P., Smith, M., Magalhães Fernandes, T., Carret, C., Smith, C., Sozzetti, A., Billebaud, F., De Souza, R., De Boer, S., Zwitter, T., Lacoste-Seris, F., Muraveva, T., Jorissen, A., Pagani, C., Smith, W., Musella, I., Haigron, R., Caffau, E., Panuzzo, P., Oszkiewicz, D., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Noval, L., González-Marcos, A., Salguero, E., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Becciani, U., Whitehead, G., Bonfigli, M., Fabre, C., Mignot, S., O’Flaherty, S., Buonanno, R., Morris, D., Carrion, C., Collaboration, Gaia, De Bruijne, J.H.J., European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zentrum für astronomie, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Department of nuclear medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen (UiB), Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Geneva Observatory, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jennifer Milligan, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institute of Astronomy [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Astronomische Rechen-Institut [Heidelberg] (ARI), Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), University of Edinburgh, Laboratório de Ictiologia e Pesca, Universidade Federal de Rondônia [Brésil] (UNIR), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Athènes (UOA), SIM/IDL Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), University of Lisboa, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Department of Computer Science, University of York [York, UK], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Universidad de Murcia, EURIX Software Innovators, INTA (INTA), INTA, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires (RCIM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Thales Services, THALES [France], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Modélisation Mathématique / Centro de Modelamiento Matemático (CMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Institute of Sport, International Parkinson's Centre of Excellence [Londres], King's College Hospital (KCH)-King‘s College London, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queens Elizabeth Hospital [Birmingham], Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein [São Paulo, Brazil], Department of Computing, Electronics and Mechatronics, Universidad de las Américas [Puebla] (UDLAP), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Astrometry, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospace Engineering [León], Universidad de León [León], Department of Physics [Athens], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Departament Llenguatges i Sistemes Informatics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique [Bruxelles] (IAA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shanghai Astronomical Observatory [Shanghai] (SHAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool] (ARI), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Functional Analysis, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), GIRM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, LeanXcale [Madrid], Service de la Radio-Oncologie [Saint-Herblain], Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar], Hôpitaux Civils Colmar, Institute of Hepatology, Birkbeck College [University of London]-Foundation for Liver Research, Département Réseaux, Information, Multimédia (RIM-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Équipes de Recherches Interlangues : Mémoires, Identités, Territoires (ERIMIT), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR d'Économie (UP1 UFR02), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Department of Physics [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Spanish Virtual Observatory - Observatorio Virtual Español (SVO), Spanish Virtual Observatory - Observatorio Virtual Español, Departamento de Astrofisica [Madrid], Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Computer Science [Verona] (UNIVR | DI), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of Paderborn, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, HE Space Operations BV for ESA/ESTEC, Institute of Hydrology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Beer-Sheva], Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), CENTRA-SIM, IDL-Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València (UV), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Unite mixte de recherche en droit comparé (UMRDC), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Droit Privé et de Sciences Criminelles (LDPSC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Clemson], Clemson University, Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (UNC Lineberger), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Uppsala University, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, European Southern Observatory (ESO), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), Innovalia Association, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), University of the Western Cape (UWC), Istituto di Radioastronomia [Bologna] (IRA), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (OAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), European Space Agency (ESA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University of Bergen (UIB)-University of Bergen (UIB), University of Bergen (UIB), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center-College of Medicine and Public Health [Colombus], M2A 2016, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, University of California, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Laboratorio de Inmunologıa y Virologıa, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, Solvay (France), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Caractéristiques féminines des dysfonctions des interfaces cardio-vasculaires (EA 2992), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Institute of Astronomy, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University [New York], AUTRES, EURIX (.), Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires (RCIM), IDAEA-CSIC, THALES, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Langage, lettres et arts du spectacle, information et communication - Dpt Lettres et arts du spectacle (UGA UFR LLASIC LAS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), FORMATION STELLAIRE 2016, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), CICEnergigune, Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Pneumologia Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé (EA4488), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Heckscher-Klinikum, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion (http://www.u949.inserm.fr/), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS, Virulence bactérienne et maladies infectieuses (VBMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT), Atmel Corporation (ATMEL), ATMEL, Probabilités, statistique, physique mathématique (PSPM), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Non Linéaire de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (INLN), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris 4 - École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Paris (ESPE Paris), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), UCT/MRC Receptor Biology Unit, University of Cape Town, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Centre for Integrative Physiology, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología [Lugo, Spain], Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli [Lugo, Spain] (LREC), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC )-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), CERFACS [Toulouse], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molecular Neuroimaging, RedZinc Services Ltd.[Dublin], Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest- ICO Gauducheau, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR d'Économie (UP1 UFR02), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Capital Normal University [Beijing], Department of Paleobiology [Washington], Smithsonian Institution, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Università degli Studi di Verona, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas [Sao Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre universitaire de Cytométrie, Imagerie et Mathématiques (CIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges, Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Laboratoire d'Etudes Sociolinguistiques sur les Contacts de Langues et la Politique Linguistique (LESCLAP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovacco (INETI), Réhabilitation Chirurgicale mini-Invasive et Robotisée de l'Audition, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Otologie, Implants auditifs et Chirurgie de la base du crâne [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Sonoita Research Observatory, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physical Geodesy, sans affiliation, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), ITA, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), University of Verona (UNIVR), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre d'Etudes des Relations et Contacts Linguistiques et Littéraires - UR UPJV 4283 (CERCLL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], University of the Western Cape, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre ( ESTEC ), European Space Agency ( ESA ), University of Bergen ( UIB ) -University of Bergen ( UIB ), University of Bergen ( UIB ), Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Agence Spatiale Européenne ( ESA ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Equipe EES, Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign ( UIUC ), Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0841, USA, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), University of Modena & Reggio-Emilia, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation ( GEPI ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Lagrange - Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Space Astronomy Centre ( ESAC ), Caractéristiques féminines des dysfonctions des interfaces cardio-vasculaires ( EA 2992 ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace ( SYRTE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mullard Space Science Laboratory ( MSSL ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides ( IMCCE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale ( IAS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier ( LUPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), SIM/IDL Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa ( FCUL ), Lisboa university, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Florida State University, INTA ( INTA ), United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS ), Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires ( RCIM ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève ( ObsGE ), Université de Genève ( UNIGE ), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Langage, lettres et arts du spectacle, information et communication - Dpt Lettres et arts du spectacle ( UGA UFR LLASIC LAS ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 ( ICMR ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] ( CAB ), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial ( INTA ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) ( DRT (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Centre de Modélisation Mathématique / Centro de Modelamiento Matemático ( CMM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherches Anglophones ( CREA (EA 370) ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire de Haute-Provence ( OHP ), Institut Pythéas ( OSU PYTHEAS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), King's College Hospital-King‘s College London, Universidad de las Américas [Puebla] ( UDLAP ), Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé ( EA4488 ), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies ( SISSA / ISAS ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna ( OABO ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Géoazur ( GEOAZUR ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon ( IRCELYON ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino ( OATo ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ) -Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg ( IPCMS ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), University of León, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg ( ObAS ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie ( SPO ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Department of Physics (Athens), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] ( UPC ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés ( LISBP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics ( IMAPP ), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research ( SRON ), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] ( IMM ), Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion ( http://www.u949.inserm.fr/ ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Virulence bactérienne et maladies infectieuses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé ( ICPEES ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand ( ICCF ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Atmel Corporation ( ATMEL ), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] ( ICJ ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon, Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool] ( ARI ), Liverpool John Moores University ( LJMU ), Institut Non Linéaire de Nice Sophia-Antipolis ( INLN ), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Paris ( ESPE Paris ), Université Paris-Sorbonne ( UP4 ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ), National Institute for Nuclear Physics ( INFN ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste ( OAT ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli [Lugo, Spain] ( LREC ), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [A Coruña, Spain] ( USC ) -Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [A Coruña, Spain] ( USC ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels ( LPTC ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations ( UMR AMAP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Réseaux, Information, Multimédia ( RIM-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, European Space Operations Center ( ESOC ), Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] ( TU ), Équipes de Recherches Interlangues : Mémoires, Identités, Territoires ( ERIMIT ), Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR d'Économie ( UP1 UFR02 ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ), University of New Hampshire ( UNH ), Spanish Virtual Observatory - Observatorio Virtual Español ( SVO ), Centro de Astrobiologia, Departamento de Astrofisica ( INTA-CSIC ), Centro de Astrobiología, Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences [Budapest], Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas [Sao Paulo] ( IAG ), Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ), Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt ( PTB ), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6303] ( Le2i ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers ( ENSAM ), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ( BGU ), Ben Gurion University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster ( WWU ), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 ( PhLAM ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE ( LAGRANGE ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Universitat de València ( UV ), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung ( MPS ), Unite mixte de recherche en droit comparé ( UMRDC ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre universitaire de Cytométrie, Imagerie et Mathématiques ( CIM ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -CHU Limoges, Institut Cochin ( IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Canadian Food Inspection Agency ( CFIA ), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Laboratoire d'Etudes Sociolinguistiques sur les Contacts de Langues et la Politique Linguistique ( LESCLAP ), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy ( CIML ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Droit Privé et de Sciences Criminelles ( LDPSC ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Clemson University [USA], University of Zaragoza, Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée ( DAPNIA ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York], European Southern Observatory ( ESO ), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques ( CRPG ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux ( CIRIMAT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ( ULPGC ), University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Nordic Optical Telescope ( NOT ), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ( IAC ), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ( ISAS ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovacco ( INETI ), INETI, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg ( OAS ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère ( CESBIO ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), European Space Astronomy Center ( ESAC ), Géosciences Rennes ( GR ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Armand Frappier, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -EFS, Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), UNH Department of Physics [Durham], Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers ( ENSAM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [A Coruña, Spain] (USC )-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [A Coruña, Spain] (USC ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)-Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] (INRA Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centro de Astrobiologia, Departamento de Astrofisica (INTA-CSIC), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6303] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] (INP)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP)-Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre 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publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Gaia Collaboration

Subjects
Astrometry, Galaxy: structure, Parallaxes, Proper motions, Space vehicles: instruments, Telescopes, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], instruments [space vehicles], Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], telescopes, space vehicles: instruments, astrometry, parallaxes, proper motions, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Navigations- und Regelungssysteme, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QC, space vehicles: instruments / Galaxy: structure / astrometry / parallaxes / proper motions / telescopes, QB, structure [Galaxy]
Abstract

Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page at http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia., The Gaia Collaboration consists of 625 authors. Accepted by A&A in the Gaia Special Feature

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48. Mechanical stress effect on imprint behavior of integrated ferroelectric capacitors

Author

Gruverman, A., Rodriguez, B. J., Kingon, A. I., Nemanich, R. J., Tagantsev, A. K., Cross, J. S., and Tsukada, M.

Subjects
polarization, scanning force microscopy, thin-films, ceramics, size
Abstract

Stress-induced changes in the imprint and switching behavior of (111)-oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT)-based capacitors have been studied using piezoresponse force microscopy. Visualization of polarization distribution and d(33)-loop measurements in individual 1x1.5-mum(2) capacitors before and after stress application, generated by substrate bending, provided direct experimental evidence of stress-induced switching. Mechanical stress caused elastic switching in capacitors with the direction of the resulting polarization determined by the sign of the applied stress. In addition, stress application turned capacitors into a heavily imprinted state characterized by strongly shifted hysteresis loops and almost complete backswitching after application of the poling voltage. It is suggested that substrate bending generated a strain gradient in the PZT layer, which produced asymmetric lattice distortion with preferential polarization direction and triggered polarization switching due to the flexoelectric effect. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.

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