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Purpose In plant-soil systems, phosphorus partitioning during the annual cycle related to nitrogen partitioning remains largely unknown. The present study aims at assessing the soil-plant P allocation patterns of four tree species along four phenological stages and its relationship with tissues and soil N concentrations. Methods Cryptomeria japonica, Larix kaempferi, Fagus crenata and Robinia pseudoacacia trees were selected to sample coarse roots, sapwood, foliage, litter and soil during four phenological stages where total and Olsen extractable P and nitrogen content were measured respectively. Results Intra- and inter plant tissue nitrogen correlated well with phosphorus during the four phenological stages, especially root nitrogen. Fagus and Robinia were phosphorus limited, Larix was nitrogen limited and Cryptomeria co-limited. All species reabsorbed phosphorus and nitrogen from foliage prior to leaf abscission and stored nitrogen in roots and sapwood. Phosphorus storage was solely found in sapwood of Robinia. Soil dissolved ammonium correlated positively with nitrogen reabsorption efficiency during the green leaf stage, while single soil nutrient variables did not correlate with phosphorus reabsorption efficiency. Conclusions Plant tissues nitrogen partitioning correlated well with their respective phosphorus partitioning and the increase of soil NH4+ correlated positively with nitrogen reabsorption efficiency, regardless of tree species during the green leaf stage. The results of this study show the intricate relationship that exists between nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil-plant continuum as well as the tree species specific internal cycling of these nutrients.

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don is a coniferous tree species widely grown in southern China for its high ornamental value. Recently, during disease surveys in China, a symptom of dieback occurred on C. japonica in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 130 trees were surveyed and more than 90% showed the same symptom. The crowns of affected trees were brown when viewing from a distance, and the bark showed no difference from the healthy ones. In this study, 157 isolates were isolated from the 3 affected plants of C. japonica, and based on the living culture on PDA, the fungal isolates were preliminarily divided into 6 groups. Thirteen representative isolates were selected for the pathogenicity test, and seven of them showed obvious pathogenicity on C. japonica, causing stem basal canker. These isolates were identified based on comparisons of the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) and combined with their morphological characteristics. Results showed that these seven isolates belong to two taxa in Neofusicoccum, including a species new to science. The new species, Neofusicoccum cryptomeriae, was hereby described and illustrated. The other species was N. parvum. Both species were pathogens of stem basal canker of Cryptomeria japonica.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and neurological disorder from beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide is regarded as a cause of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the authors evaluate Aβ toxicity reduction effects of major diterpenes isolated from sugi wood by bioassay using Caenorhabditis elegans and examined its relationship with the antioxidative activity. Among the six kinds of sugi wood diterpenes: ferruginol, 6,7-dehydroferruginol, sandaracopimarinal, sandaracopimarinol, abietadiene, abietatriene and phyllocladenes, prominent Aβ toxicity reduction effects were found in ferruginol and 6,7-dehydroferruginol, and their activity was almost equivalent to that of the four kinds of anti-Alzheimer active agents that have been reported so far: ginkgolide A, morin, rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid. Antioxidative activity similar to other anti-Alzheimer active agents was found in ferruginol and 6,7-dehydroferruginol in a 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test, which suggested that antioxidative activity is concerned with expression of the Aβ toxicity reduction effect of sugi wood diterpenes.

Objective Due to the allergic nature of the pollen of Cryptomeria japonica, the most important Japanese forestry conifer, a pollen-free cultivar is preferred. Mutant trees detected in nature have been used to produce a pollen-free cultivar. In order to reduce the time and cost needed for production and breeding, we aimed to develop simple diagnostic molecular markers for mutant alleles of the causative gene MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1) in C. japonica to rapidly identify pollen-free mutants. Results We developed PCR and LAMP markers to detect mutant alleles and to present experimental options depending on available laboratory equipment. LAMP markers were developed for field stations, where PCR machines are unavailable. The LAMP method only needs heat-blocks or a water bath to perform the isothermal amplification and assay results can be read by the naked eye. Because the causative mutations were deletions, we developed two kinds of PCR markers, amplified length polymorphism (ALP) and allele specific PCR (ASP) markers. These assays can be visualized using capillary or agarose gel electrophoresis.

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) wood is widely used as a traditional construction material in Japan. The relationship between an individual’s perceived comfort level and a preference for Japanese cedar wood interiors is of interest. We compared volunteers’ physiological responses and subjective evaluations of wooden dwelling spaces with different wood materials: planed Japanese cedar lumber, or printed grain resin sheet overlay boards. Eighty-three subjects were asked to stay in each room for 30 min. We evaluated salivary stress markers, blood pressure, the profile of mood states-brief form (POMS), and a questionnaire that used the semantic differential method to evaluate the subjects’ feeling state for both rooms. The concentrations of the volatile organic compounds in both rooms were also quantified after the experiment. The results demonstrated that the subjects’ evaluation of each room was highly dependent on their preference; each room was evaluated more positively by subjects who preferred it. Although the subjects’ feelings were also influenced by their preference, the room with Japanese cedar did not elicit negative feelings, even from the subjects who disliked it. The subjects’ physiological responses were totally independent of their preferences. Their blood pressure decreased in the Japanese cedar room, and their salivary alpha-amylase activity was repressed in both rooms. These results indicated that the subjective evaluations were influenced in part by the subjects’ preferences, while their physiological responses were not affected. Regardless of which room the subjects preferred, the Japanese cedar room reduced the subjects’ blood pressure compared to the room with artificial materials.

The resins bled from stems and in seed cones and leaves of Cryptomeria japonica, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Taxodium distichum, and T. mucronatum were characterized to provide an overview of their major natural product compositions. The total solvent extract solutions were analyzed as the free and derivatized products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the compounds, which comprised minor mono- and sesquiterpenoids, and dominant di- and triterpenoids, plus aliphatic lipids (e.g., n-nonacosan-10-ol). Ferruginol, 7&alpha, p-cymenylferruginol, and chamaecydin were the major characteristic markers for the Taxodioideae conifer subfamily. The mass spectrometric data can aid polar compound elucidation in environmental, geological, archeological, forensic and pharmaceutical studies.

As climate change progresses, the breeding of drought-tolerant forest trees is necessary. Breeding drought-tolerant trees requires screening for drought stress using a large number of individuals and a high-throughput phenotyping method. The aim of this study was therefore to establish high-throughput methods for evaluating the clonal stress responses to drought stress using infrared thermography and chlorophyll fluorescence methods in Cryptomeria japonica. The stomatal conductance index (Ig), maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and axial growth of four plus-tree clones of C. japonica planted in pots were measured weekly for 85 days after irrigation was stopped. The phenotypic trait responsivity to drought stress was estimated by a nonlinear mixed model and by introducing the cumulative water index, which considers the past history of the soil water environment. These methods and procedures enabled us to evaluate the clonal stress responses in C. japonica and could be applied to large-scale clone materials to promote the breeding program for drought tolerance.

Climate models in Japan predict that the annual mean air temperature and number of consecutive dry days will increase in the future, leading to high seedling mortality rates. Maintaining high survival rates of Cryptomeria japonica seedlings, a commercially important tree species, is therefore, important in terms of appropriate forest management under climate change. Although drought hardening, in which seedlings are acclimated to dry conditions in the nursery prior to planting, contributes to increased survival under drought conditions, little is known about the effective irrigation frequency of drought hardening in C. japonica seedlings. In this study, we therefore, examine the effectiveness of different drought-hardening treatments in C. japonica. We first clarify the effects on physiological and morphological traits by comparing three drought-hardening treatments [control (C): Irrigation once daily, mild (M): irrigation once every three days, and severe (S): irrigation once every five days] for one month. Next, to confirm the effects during consecutive dry treatment, we stopped irrigation for 13 days and once again compared the physiological traits between the three drought-hardening treatments. Drought hardening reduced whole-plant transpiration (Ewhole), resulting in conserved water use, and this tendency was particularly evident under the S treatment. Moreover, during consecutive dry treatment, the Ewhole, proportions of non-embolized xylem, and cambium status of basal stem regions were maintained for the longest duration under the S treatment, followed by the M treatment. Our findings suggest that the efficiency of drought hardening increased with drought severity. Furthermore, one month of drought hardening contributed to both water conservation and the maintenance of cell differentiation under consecutive dry treatment, likely increasing the tolerance and survival of C. japonica seedlings under prolonged drought.

Background Adventitious root formation is an essential physiological process for successful propagation of cuttings in various plant species. Because coniferous species are highly heterozygous, propagation of cuttings is of great practical use in breeding. Although various factors influence adventitious root formation, little is known of the associated regulatory mechanisms. Whereas adventitious roots generally form from the base of cuttings, this process is accompanied by physiological changes in leaves, which supply assimilates and metabolites. Herein, we present microarray analyses of transcriptome dynamics during adventitious root formation in whole cuttings in the coniferous species, Cryptomeria japonica. Results Temporal patterns of gene expression were determined in the base, the middle, and needles of cuttings at eight time points during adventitious root formation. Global gene expression at the base had diverged from that in the middle by 3-h post-insertion, and changed little in the subsequent 3-days post-insertion, and global gene expression in needles altered characteristically at 3- and 6-weeks post-insertion. In Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of major gene clusters based on hierarchical clustering, the expression profiles of genes related to carbohydrates, plant hormones, and other categories indicated multiple biological changes that were involved in adventitious root formation. Conclusions The present comprehensive transcriptome analyses indicate major transcriptional turning and contribute to the understanding of the biological processes and molecular factors that influence adventitious root formation in C. japonica.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on more than 30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in unrelated first-generation plus tree genotypes from three populations of Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica D. Don with genomic prediction for traits of growth, wood properties and male fecundity. Among the assessed populations, genetic characteristics including the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic structure differed and these differences are considered to be due to differences in genetic background. Through population-independent GWAS, several significant SNPs found close to the regions associated with each of these traits and shared in common across the populations were identified. The accuracies of genomic predictions were dependent on the traits and populations and reflected the genetic architecture of traits and genetic characteristics. Prediction accuracies using SNPs selected based on GWAS results were similar to those using all SNPs for several combinations of traits and populations. We discussed the application of genome-wide studies for C. japonica improvement.

Background Wood is a valuable material for interiors, and the psychophysiological relaxation effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood chips and essential oils have been reported. However, few studies have identified the odors in full-scale wooden environment, and also, differences in gender have not been clarified. In this study, we aimed to confirm the effects of VOCs emitted from interior wood walls in both human male and female participants. Methods We used Japanese cedar timber and analyzed VOCs in the experimental rooms with and without Japanese cedar timber by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The physiological effects were measured using neuroendocrinological and immunological parameters in saliva. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the subjective responses to each odor in the experimental rooms. Results The main compound emitted from Japanese cedar timber was δ-cadinene, and the total volume of VOCs in the wood condition (presence of VOCs emitted from Japanese cedar) was 282.4 (μg/m3). Significant differences between genders in salivary parameters were shown that there were decreases of α-amylase in wood condition and increases of cortisol in the control (absence of VOCs) condition in female participants compared to male participants. The results demonstrated that VOCs in the experimental room with Japanese cedar timber tend to suppress the activation of the sympathetic nervous activity and non-VOCs of Japanese cedar in the control room increase cortisol in female participants. Conclusions These results suggest that an indoor environment with wood interior materials has the potential to be useful for health management, especially women’s health.

Many studies have shown the effects of aboveground plant species on soil organisms due to differences in litter quality. However, the calcium concentration in soil has received less attention as a controlling factor of soil invertebrate communities, even though it is an essential element for many animals, especially crustaceans. Litter of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations, which account for 19% of the forested area in Japan, has a higher calcium concentration compared to other taxa such as broad-leaved trees. We predicted that C. japonica plantations affect soil invertebrates by altering calcium availability. We compared soil properties including exchangeable calcium concentration and soil invertebrate communities between C. japonica plantations and natural broad-leaved forests. Exchangeable calcium was significantly higher in soil from cedar plantations than in that from broad-leaved forests. The invertebrate community composition differed between the two forest types and was best explained by the exchangeable calcium concentration. In particular, two major taxa of soil crustaceans (Talitridae and Ligidium japonicum) were found only in cedar plantations. Our results suggest that calcium concentrations in soil are altered in C. japonica plantations and that this affects soil invertebrate communities. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Wood has been used since ancient times as a building material around the world. One of the characteristics of wood is volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which indicates the relaxant effects on human body. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the psychophysiological responses to VOCs emitted from interior walls containing Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ). Japanese cedar is the most commonly planted in forests and the timber has often been used as an interior material in Japan. The evaluation indices of the participants are arithmetic performance, subjective assessments of VOC, salivary stress markers, and temporal changes in heart rate and autonomic nerve activity. We found that the inhalation of air containing VOCs emitted from Japanese cedar interior walls suppresses the increase in salivary α-amylase activity and chromogranin A secretion. And it causes participants to feel that the odor is pleasant. The present study thus indicated that VOCs emitted from Japanese cedar walls affect the autonomic nervous system and emotion. Therefore, we suggested that an interior containing Japanese cedar can help people maintain an optimum living environment.

Soil water repellency (SWR) is a cause of low water infiltration, overland flow and soil erosion in mountainous coniferous plantations in Japan. The factors determining SWR intensity were investigated in two coniferous plantations of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. and Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, using intact tree plots and cut tree plots on the same hillslope. The SWR of Ch. obtusa plots was stronger than that of Cr. japonica plots. SWR intensity decreased after tree cutting. There were no significant differences in SWR upslope and downslope of individual trees/stumps for both tree species, though areas downslope of individual Ch. obtusa trees had higher SWR intensity than those upslope. SWR intensity and soil aggregate stability were positively correlated in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot (r = 0.88, p &lt, 0.01), whereas in the cut tree plot, this correlation was weak with no significance (r = 0.29, p = 0.41). Soil aggregate size had a non-significant influence on SWR intensity. These findings suggest that SWR intensity was not related to the soil aggregate size, but SWR intensity seemed have a role in soil aggregation in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot. Destruction of soil aggregates could occur after tree cutting because of physical disturbances or increased input of different types of organic matter from other vegetation into soil. The presence of Ch. obtusa introduces a source of SWR, although uncertainty remains about how water repellency is distributed around soil aggregates. The distribution pattern of soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity around Cr. japonica was related to other factors such as the litter layer and non-water-repellant soil.

The further use of wood resources is expected in an environmentally conscious society. Added-value, such as durability enhancement and preservation by painting, are needed to expand the applicability of wood. Assessment of wood properties such as surface and coat adhesion can be made by studying perviousness to liquid oils, with the aim of developing wood products that deter insects and are weather-resistant, hence, discriminant analysis of oil type is important. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for nondestructive characterization of organic materials and has been widely used in many industries. Here, NIR detection of oil on wood surfaces is applied for the distinguishing of three different types of oil (hereafter, &ldquo, Oil_1&rdquo, &ldquo, Oil_2&rdquo, and &ldquo, Oil_3&rdquo, ) via soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). Oil_1 was antiseptic vehicle or cutting oil. Oil_2 was used as a motor oil for an oil pressure machine. Oil_3 was plant-derived oil. Two types of wood that are commonly used in Japanese construction (Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtuse) were analyzed after applying oil. The NIR spectra measured after the oil was applied were greater in the ranges 1700&ndash, 1800 nm and 2300&ndash, 2500 nm than spectra for the bare wood sample. As SIMCA analyses were performed by using spectral data that included the moving average, baseline correction and second derivatives, good results were obtained for Oil_3 for both wood samples. However, the correct classification percentages were low for Oil_1, and the percentage of samples classified within several categories was high. If the components are very different, such as those for Oil_3, NIRS can be a powerful non-destructive method for identifying oil in the context of wood products testing.

Treatment by wood preservative is indispensable for utilization of wood in severe environmental conditions. However, the problem of decay of preservative-treated woods because of poor impregnation in sapwood has recently gained attention for Cryptomeria japonica kiln-dried logs. In order to clarify the cause of this phenomenon, the influence of drying temperature of logs on the preservative penetration in sapwood of logs was investigated. Impregnation of CuAz into the sapwood samples derived from the logs dried at 20 °C to 120 °C and observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of bordered pits revealed that the absorption of CuAz decreased with increasing drying temperature. CuAz penetrated the deepest for the samples dried at 20 °C. The occurrence of neutral-position bordered pits tended to decrease with increasing drying temperature. These results indicate that there is a strong relationship between drying temperature and the appearance of bordered pits. It was also determined that the preservative permeability decreased with increasing drying temperature. This implies that one of the factors restraining fluid permeability is the aspiration of bordered pits.

Particulate matter deposited on leaf surfaces may cause erosion/abrasion of epicuticular wax and the malfunction of stomata. However, the deposition processes of particulate matter, such as elemental carbon (EC), has not been studied sufficiently in Asian forest ecosystems. Deposition processes for particulate SO₄ 2- and EC were studied in a Japanese cedar forest in Kajikawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and in a dry evergreen forest and a dry deciduous forest in Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The SO₄ 2- fluxes attributed to rainfall outside the forest canopy (RF), throughfall (TF), and stemflow (SF) showed distinct seasonalities at both sites, increasing from November to February at the Kajikawa site and in March/April at the Sakaerat site. Seasonal west/ northwest winds in winter may transport sulfur compounds across the Sea of Japan to the Kajikawa site. At the Sakaerat site, pollutants suspended in the air or dry deposits from the dry season might have been washed away by the first precipitations of the wet season. The EC fluxes from RF and TF showed similar variations by season at the Kajikawa site, while the flux from TF was frequently lower than that from RF at the Sakaerat site. Particulate matter strongly adsorbed onto leaf surfaces is not washed away by rainfall and contributes to the EC flux. At the Kajikawa site, Japanese cedar leaf surfaces accumulated the highest levels of particulate matter and could not be neglected when calculating the total flux. When such leaf-surface particles were considered, the contribution of dry deposition to the total EC flux was estimated to be 67%, 77%, and 82% at the Kajikawa site, and at the evergreen and deciduous forests of the Sakaerat site, respectively. Leaf-surface particles must be included when evaluating the dry and total fluxes of particulate matter, in particular for waterinsoluble constituents such as EC.

Background Alternative insecticidal compounds with mortality effect against mosquito life cycle stages are currently needed. The compounds should be biodegradable and nontoxic to non-targeted insects. Plant based larvicides provide effective control of vector populations. This study explored Cryptomeria japonica leaf essential oil larvicidal potency against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Methods Essential oils (12.5 to 200 μg/mL) extracted from C. japonica leaves were evaluated against An. gambiae s.s. larvae in both the laboratory and semi field in 6 replicates for each dose. Larval mortality readings were taken at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post treatment. Results C. japonica leaf essential oil yield was 17.06 ± 0.56 mL/kg and 1.60 ± 0.33% (w/w). GC-FID and GC-MS analyses revealed 22 constituents. Essential oil was more effective against An. gambiae s.s. larvae in the laboratory than in semi field trials. Mortality increased with increasing dosages (12.5 to 200 μg/mL) in the laboratory (31.75 to 100%) and semi field trials (17.75 to 99.5%), respectively. The LC50 value ranged from 5.55 to 63.92 μg/mL in the laboratory, and 8.22 to 134.84 μg/mL in semi field conditions, LC90 value ranged from 41.34 to 205.93 μg/mL in the laboratory and 50.92 to 213.11 μg/mL in semi field conditions. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the potential of C. japonica leaf essential oil to cause mortality effects to An. gambiae s. s. larval populations, however, further studies need to be conducted under field conditions and also with individual active compounds of C. japonica essential oil.

Background A study throughout 1999 of the airborne pollens of both Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressaceae (Chamaecyparis obtusa and Juniperus rigida in the present study) demonstrated unique patterns of pollen dispersal at three observation sites, namely Okayama and Nishinomiya cities in the Chugoku region and Sakura city in the Kanto region. Methods/Results In contrast with the Sakura site, where there was a low pollen count for Cupressaceae, high pollen counts were found at the two sites in Okayama and Hyogo Prefectures. There was a good correlation between results of pollen prick tests and the capsulated hydrophilic carrier polymer–radioallergosorbent test (CAP-RAST) for C. japonica, C. obtusa and J. rigida. The fact that a positivity rate of 32.6% to the J. rigida pollen skin test was obtained in Sakura city in Chiba Prefecture, where no J. rigida pollen dispersal was observed, seems to demonstrate the existence of a common antigen epidemiologically. Daily pollen counts, symptom scores, medication scores and symptom–medication scores of 25 patients with vernal pollinosis in Chiba Prefecture in whom the dose and use of internal and external medication was consistent with the severity of their symptoms, were all significantly related. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy seems to be inadequate when patients are exposed to pollen during a heavy pollen dispersal period without having taken any protection against it. Moreover, there seemed to be a certain critical point beyond which the symptoms rapidly worsened. Conclusions These results suggest that it is important to avoid exposure to pollen, based on the regional pollen information, as well as to administer appropriate medication.

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (the so-called Sugi or Japanese cedar) is one of the most important coniferous afforestation species. Its afforestation area today has reached 4.5 million hectares, making up 45% of the afforestation area in Japan. Cryptomeria japonica pollinosis was first reported in 1964. The prevalence of this disease has increased yearly and now affects over 10% of the Japanease population. In order to establish an accurate prediction method of airborne pollen counts for C. japonica, research into the relationship between the amount of airborne pollen, the distribution of C. japonica forests and flowering conditions has become very important. In order to clarify differences in airborne pollen counts at different altitudes, four gravity samplers (Durham's type) were set up at four observation points that were located from the coast to the side of a mountain up to 780 m altitude in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The male flowering index and distribution of C. japonica forests were determined in order to evaluate the quantity of male flowers. The relationship between airborne pollen counts, the distribution of C. japonica forests and the male flowering index at each observation point was examined. There was a high positive correlation between the male flowering index of C. japonica and airborne pollen counts. The male flowering indices, as well as the distribution of C. japonica forests at different altitudes, were closely associated with airborne pollen counts at different altitudinal observation points. The flowering index and the distribution of C. japonica forests are useful indicators for the accurate prediction airborne pollen counts of C. japonica.

Pollinosis caused by Cryptomeria japonica is a very serious health problem in Japan. To clarify the relationship between C. japonica pollen emissions before the main pollen dispersal season and dormancy of the male flowers, pollen emissions from C. japonica trees were observed from November to February, using both flowering tests and an airborne pollen survey. Some C. japonica trees studied shed pollen in November and December, by one of two mechanisms. First, some male flowers turned brown and withered, resulting in the formation of small crevices between the scales and pollen leakage. Second, some pollen was released via elongation of the rachis, which is the normal mode of flowering in spring. These early pollen emissions from male flowers were considered to represent a process of self-thinning or unseasonable flowering. Cryptomeria japonica pollen counts between October and January were closely related to mean monthly temperatures and airborne pollen counts of the following pollen season. The present study clearly shows that some male flowers of the species can bloom and disperse abundant pollen via blooming or withering in November, if the temperature in October is high, in years of high pollen production.

Essential oils from foliage, bark and heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don from Azores Archipelago (Portugal) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Two populations, of black and reddish heartwood color, were studied. The main compounds found in the foliage of both populations were α-pinene (9.6–29.5%), (+)-phyllocladene (3.5–26.5%), ent-kaur-16-ene (0.2–20.6%), sabinene (0.5–19.9%) and limonene (1.4–11.5%), with a large variation in individual compounds from each population. Heartwood oils were characterized by a high content of cubebol (2.8–39.9%) and epi-cubebol (4.1–26.9%) isomers, which were absent in the foliage. Elemol and eudesmol isomers were found in the foliage and heartwood oils, while (+)-phyllocladene was absent in heartwood. Black and reddish bark oils were composed of the diterpenes dehydroferruginol (1.9–5.1%) and ferruginol (2.6–11.5%), along with the sesquiterpenes δ-cadinene (10.4–15.9%), α-muurolene (3.3–5.4%), epi-zonarene (4.0–5.0%), cubenol (9.3–14.0%), τ-muurolol (4.8–10.7%), β-eudesmol (3.0–9.9%), γ-eudesmol (1.9–7.0%) and hedycariol (1.4–6.2%). Azorean C. japonica oils exhibited significant chemical differences compared with native plants from Asia. The essential oils showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans and human pathogenic bacteria (especially against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils may be attributed to compounds such as ent-kaur-16-ene, (+)-phyllocladene, ferruginol and elemol, which are present in different proportions within the complex oil mixture. These results suggest a potential use for C. japonica oils obtained from wood industry leftovers.