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Micythus torquentus sp.nov. Type material: Holotype male, Chengmai, Hainan Province, China, April 2020, leg. Xinghui Chen. Paratype: 1m, Chengmai, Hainan Province, China, April 2020, leg. Xinghui Chen; 2f, Chengmai, Hainan Province, China, March 5 th, 2022, leg. Xinghui Chen. Etymology. The species is named according to its twisted RTA. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to M. pictus (Thorell,1897), but male can be distinguished from the warp on RTA, and the shape of the conductor. RTA of the new species is rectangular and a bit bifurcated at the end in retrolateral view, but cuneate in M.pictus; RTA is obviously twisted in ventral view. Tibiae I, II only spined on the ventral side. Female of the new species is a bit similar to M. rangunensis (Thorell, 1895), but they can be distinguished from the shape of the spermathecae. Spermathecae in M. rangunensis is sausage-like (Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001), but in the new species it becomes obviously constricted in the middle. Description (Figures 1–2). Male holotype (Figure 1A, Figure 2) total length 5.19. Carapace orange, length 2.36, width 1.80, length/width 1.31; Thoracic groove brown; radial groove dark grey, forked; fovea deep, longitudinal, black line shaped. AME-AME=0.04, AME-ALE=0.03, PME-PME=0.08, PME-PLE=0.04. AER strongly procurved. PER nealry straight, white. Chelicerae anteriorly with long setae, promargin with three teeth, retromargin with a small tooth. Labium tongue-shaped, longer than wide, brown, the upper end less colored with macrosetae. Endites light brown, longer than wide, anterior edge white, hollow in the middle. Sternum orange, oval, with small setae and coxa apophysis. Legs the same color with the carapace. Leg III with a shallow notch on trochanter, trochanter IV with a deep notch. Leg spination pattern (following Song et al., 2004): femora: I, II d1-1-1, p0-1-1; III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV d1-1-1, r0-0-1; patellae: none; tibiae: I, II v0-1-1; III p2-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-2;IV p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2-2; metatarsi: I, II v2-0-0; III d0-2-0,p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2-2; IV d0-2-2, p1-1-0, r0-1-1, v2-2-2. Leg formula: 4123. Metatarsus I, II and tarsus I, II with ventral scopula; tarsal claws thin. Leg measurements: Abdomen grey, length 2.25, width 1.47, length/width 1.53, with a small triangular dorsal scutum. Spinnerets long, light brown. Male palp (Figure 2): tibia short, as long as wide, with a tongue-shaped retrolateral apophysis in retrolateral view. RTA evidently curved, with furcating terminal end. Tegulum narrow; seminal duct U-shaped. Embolus short. Conductor thin and curved. Median apophysis unconspicuous. Female (Figures 1B–D) total length 6.17. Carapace length 2.97, width 2.23, length/width 1.33. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.14. Abdomen length 3.12, width 2.09, length/width 1.49. Leg measurements: I 6.05 (1.84, 2.30, 1.12, 0.79); II 6.19 (1.87, 2.31, 1.19, 0.82); III 6.16 (1.81, 2.15, 1.36, 0.84); IV 8.01 (2.23, 2.81, 2.11, 0.86). Leg fomula: 4231. Appearance of cephalothorax as male. Epigyne (Figures 1C–D) nearly U-shaped in ventral view. Spermathecae long, divided into two lobes, the ventral one larger. The second pair of spermathecal lobes thick-walled, bubble-shaped. Copulatory opening almost oval., Published as part of Cui, Bohan, 2023, A new species of genus Micythus Thorell, 1897 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Hainan, China, pp. 397-400 in Zootaxa 5301 (3) on pages 397-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8030536, {"references":["Thorell, T. (1897 a) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. LXXIII. Secondo saggio sui Ragni birmani. I. Parallelodontes. Tubitelariae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 37, 161 - 267.","Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (2001) Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae [sic]). Brill, Leiden, 591 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475588","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Zhang, F. (2004) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 39: Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae. Science Press, Beijing, 362 pp."]}

Aristoviblattogryllus minor (Ren & Aristov, 2011), comb. nov. (Figs 2, 3) Plesioblattogryllus minor Ren & Aristov, 2011: 36, fig. 1; Cui, 2012: 171, figs 2–5; Storozhenko & Aristov, 24. Diagnosis. The new genus is similar to Plesioblattogryllus but differs from latter in a long RP+MA fusion with a long basal free part of MA and a very short basal free section of RP. Material. Holotype CNU-GRY-NN2008001 and newly collected CNU-GRY-NN2023001. Type locality and horizon. Holotype and newly collected specimen are both from the Daohugou locality, Inner Mongolia, China; Middle Jurassic. Description. Mediumsizedinsects, bodylengthabout 30 mm, forewing length about 20–25 mm; head with large compound eyes and three ocelli; mandibles asymmetrical; pronotum rectangular with wide ring of paranotalia (lateral expansions of the pronotum); legs ambulatorial, at least fore tibia with a few long spines; coxa enlarged, fore and mid coxa rounded, hind coxa square-shaped; tarsi 5-segmented, segments 1–4 short with poorly preserved euplantulae, fifth segment elongate with a pair of claws and without arolia; female ovipositor straight, about 4.5 mm long; cerci with 10–11 segments, about 7.5 mm long; eggs olive-shaped with strong longitudinal ridges. The details of wing-venation variability are given below. Holotype CNU-GRY-NN2008001 (Fig. 2): positive and negative imprints of left wing, likely a forewing, with distal part of AA area missing; 24.6 mm long, 7.4 mm wide; ScP ending on anterior wing margin; in distal portion of ScP–RA area crossveins desclerotized along line parallel to ScP and RA, located roughly in middle of area (likely indicating occurrence of flexion line); RA/RP fork in basal third of wing length; RA simple, nearly parallel to ScP; area between anterior wing margin and ScP slightly narrower than ScP–RA area; RP posteriorly pectinate, with four branches; RA–RP area very narrow, parallel to areas between anterior wing margin and ScP, and ScP–RA area; bases of M and CuA free for short distance; CuA arising early, then fused with M for 3.0 mm; MA diverging from M+CuA near basal fourth of wing length, then fused with RP for 3.1 mm, slightly after origin of RP; MA simple; MP diverging from MP+CuA slightly after origin of MA; MP simple, with middle part desclerotised; CuA forked into CuA1 and CuA2 1.2 mm after its origin from MP+CuA; CuA1/CuA2 fork nearly opposite to RP/MA fork; CuA2 simple; CuP strong, straight; AA with anterior-most vein forked; no evident ppa, possibly located basal to second AA vein; cross-veins scalariform, rarely reticulated. Specimen CNU-GRY-NN2023001 (Fig. 3): negative imprint of right wing, presumably hind wing, with posterior part of anal area folded; 19.6 mm long, 7.2 mm wide as preserved; ScP ending on anterior wing margin; in distal portion of ScP–RA area crossveins desclerotized; RA/RP fork slightly after basal fourth of wing length; RA simple and parallel to ScP; RP posteriorly pectinate, with five branches; area between anterior wing margin and ScP, and RA–RP area slightly narrower than ScP–RA area; base of M invisible; MA diverges from M+CuA in basal sixth of wing length; MA fused with RP for 2.5 long slightly after origin of RP; MA simple; MP diverges from MP+CuA slightly after origin of MA; MP simple, with middle part desclerotised; CuA forks into CuA1 and CuA2 slightly after its origin from MP+CuA; CuA forked earlier than divergence of MA from RP+MA; CuA2 simple; CuP strong, straight; AA with anteriormost vein forked, and both branches crossed by fold (presumably ppa); crossveins scalariform, rarely reticulated. Remarks. The new specimen CNU-GRY-NN2023001 is roughly identical to the holotype of A. minor except for a slightly smaller size, a 5-branched RP (4-branched in the holotype) and a possibly slightly expanded plicatum. In contrast with the comparatively larger size of the holotype, with 25 mm in wing length, the multiple specimens investigated by Cui (2012) indicated an average wing length for A. minor around 20 mm, including female individuals, which is consistent with an assignment of the new specimen to this species. However, the new specimen is also wider than the holotype. As a consequence, both specimens differ in general shape. Plastic deformation, already assumed for some specimens from the same locality (Cui et al., 2015: figs 7C, 8D), may have affected the specimen and caused the observed shape variation. A moderate elongation affecting the holotype along its longitudinal axis, and a moderate elongation affecting the new specimen along the transverse axis, could explain the observed difference. Thus, here we consider that the size/ shape difference displayed by the new material is under the range of intra-specific variation. In contrast with the general perception that a smaller size entails a reduced venation, the new material exhibits a 5-branched RP, while this vein has 4 branches in most specimens of A. minor, including the holotype. The range of variation of this character is not well-documented for Blattogryllopterida. However, at the level of the order Grylloblattida, such variation commonly occurs within a single species, as demonstrated by species known from large numbers of specimens, and specimens preserving complete wing pairs (Storozhenko, 1998; Béthoux & Nel, 2010; Aristov & Mostovski, 2013; Storozhenko & Aristov, 2014; Cui et al., 2015, 2022, and others). Thus, a variation ranging from 4 to 5 branches for RP is very likely in A. minor. Our observation of the new specimen shows that the two branches of the first anal vein are folded along a straight line (orange dashed line on Fig. 4B). Two possible scenarios on the interpretation of this line are proposed, namely (i) an accidental fold affecting a forewing; and (ii) the occurrence of a plica prima anterior (ppa) crossing AA veins, suggestive of a hind wing. The second scenario is plausible, since ppa is commonly oblique in hind wings of polyneopteran insects. And although it rarely crosses veins in hind wing (but see Béthoux et al., 2011: fig. 3), such configuration cannot be excluded. Notably, in forewings of Mantodea in which the ppa is secondarily oblique, resulting in a somewhat enlarged plicatum, it crosses veins (Fig. 4; and see Demers-Potvin et al., 2021; Béthoux & Wieland, 2009). Under this scenario, the hind wing plicatum would be distinctly reduced in A. minor (but slightly enlarged compared to the forewing yet; Fig. 2B). Up to now, this state has never been documented in Grylloblattida (Storozhenko, 1998). It is worth mentioning that, within Polyneoptera, a secondarily reduced hind wing plicatum has been acquired in Embioptera and within Isoptera (Ross, 2000; Engel et al., 2009). A third case of reduction is therefore plausible. If this is correct, possessing a reduced hind wing plicatum may compose a distinctive trait of a yet unnamed taxon within the Blattogryllopterida. Therefore, all the observed differences between the new material and the holotype of A. minor are considered as intra-specific variation.Further substantial investigation on wing venation, especially the hind wing, is needed.

Rhyacodrilus tanggulaensis Jiang & Cui, sp. nov. Holotype. IHB TTH20170720 a, mature specimen, stained and whole-mounted in Canada balsam. Type locality. Tongtian River (34.1084 N, 95.7199 E), Yushu City, Qinghai province, China. Elevation 4077 m a.s.l, water temperature 15.3 °C, pH 8.3, dissolved oxygen 7.1 mg. l-1, conductivity 801 μS/cm. Collected by Yongde Cui and Tingting Zhou on 20 July 2017. Paratypes. IHB XZ20200903 b, 1 mature specimen whole-mounted in Canada balsam, Nagqu river in Tibet (31.6574 N, 92.0219 E). Elevation 4586 m a.s.l., water temperature 12.3 °C, pH 8.7, dissolved oxygen 6.1 mg. l-1, and conductivity 485 μS/cm. Collected by Yongde Cui, Tingting Zhou and Wei Jiang on 09 September 2020. Other material. 3 specimens from the Nagqu River for scanning electron microscopy. The species was also observed, but not studied in detail, in Za’gya Zangbo River. Etymology. Named tanggulaensis after the Tanggula Mountains. The rivers where the specimens were collected are all related to the Tanggula Mountains. Description. Length about 8–9 mm, width at genital segments X–XI about 0.5–0.6 mm. Segments 35–45. Prostomium round. Coelomocytes large, abundant, granulated, diameter 8–16μm. Clitellum extending over 1/2X–XI. Dorsal and ventral bundles with 4–5 bifid chaetae, 75–90 μm long, 2–3 μm wide, distal tooth 2–3 times longer than proximal (Figs. 1A, 2A, B). Hair chaetae absent. Modified spermathecal chaetae in segment X (Figs. 1B, 2D), 1–2 per bundle, 75–100 μm long, 4–5 μm wide, bifid with very long, sharply-pointed distal tooth and rounded proximal end. The same kind of chaetae present in IX and XII. Penial chaetae in XI, 4 per bundle, 75–100 μm long, 4–5 μm wide, single-pointed with slightly curved tips (Fig. 2C). Male pores paired, close to the mid-ventral line of the body, immediately anterior to penial chaetae in XI. Spermathecal pores paired, in line with ventral chaetae, immediately anterior to spermathecal chaetae in X. Male genitalia paired in X–XI (Fig. 1C). Sperm funnel cup-shaped. Vas deferens 1–1.5 mm long, 13–15 μm wide, joining the atrial ampulla subapically. Atrium elongated, 0.7–1 mm long, 70–82 μm wide, roughly tubular, covered by a continuous thick layer of prostatic cells. Atrial duct 300–400 μm long, 25–30 μm wide, with a tortuous lumen. Spermathecae 250–300 μm long, 100–110 μm wide, with short ducts; large masses of randomly arranged sperm in lumina. Distribution and habitat. Known only from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in rivers> 4000m above sea level. Some rivers are at the foot of snow mountain (Fig. 3). The sampling area is surrounded by natural plateau grassland. The collection site is a shallow permanent stream with gravel and cobbles sediment. Remarks. Genus level. Morphologically, the new species belongs to the genus Rhyacodrilus based on the presence of spermathecal and penial chaetae, the rich occurrence of coelomocytes, the vas deferens being longer than the atrium and joining it subapically, and the continuous coverage of the atrium with a layer of prostate cells (Brinkhurst & Jamison 1971). Species level. In Rhyacodrilus there are currently 11 species which possess both spermathecal and penial chaetae; they are listed in Rodríguez & Fend (2013, Table 1). Among them, three species are devoid of hair chaetae, R. carsticus Košel, 1980, R. gernikensis Giani & Rodriguez, 1988, and R. ardierae Lafont & Juget, 1993. A comparison of these species with Rhyacodrilus tanggulaensis sp. nov. is given in Table 3. Some obvious differences are as follows: R. carsticus and R. ardierae have globular to oval atria (elongate-tubular in the new species), and R. gernikensis has unmodified genital chaetae and a pear-shaped atrium (see Giani & Rodríguez 1988; Rodríguez & Fend 2013, Achurra & Rodríguez 2016). Geographical distribution. R. ardierae, R. carsticus and R. gernikensis are only known from groundwater habitats at a few sites in western to central Europe (Achurra & Rodriguez 2016). The new species described here is only distributed in rivers above 4000 m elevation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this area the river sediments are mainly composed of clean sand and gravel. It is worth noting that the highest distribution is 5263 m above sea level, a locality near Tanggula Mountain, the source of Za’gya Zangbo, Tibet's largest inland river., Published as part of Jiang, Wei, Zhou, Tingting, Wang, Hongzhu, Erséus, Christer & Cui, Yongde, 2023, Integrative taxonomy of a new species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) from Tibet Plateau rivers, with a preliminary assessment of its phylogenetic position, pp. 125-138 in Zootaxa 5256 (2) on pages 130-131, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7746357, {"references":["Rodriguez, P. & Fend, S. V. (2013) New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879). Zootaxa, 3664 (1), 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.1.1","Kosel, V. (1980) Rhyacodrilus carsticus sp. n. (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from the Slovakian Karst. Biologia 35, 609 - 612.","Giani, N. & Rodriguez, P. (1988) Description de quelques especes nouvelles de Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) de grottes et de sources karstiques de la peninsule iberique. Stygologia, 4, 122 - 137.","Lafont, M. & Juget, J. (1993) Rhyacodrilus ardierae n. sp., a new species of Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the River Ardieres (France, tributary of the River Saone). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 118, 115 - 123.","Achurra, A. & Rodriguez, P. (2016) Syntopy in subterranean fauna: trophic specialisation in two new species of Rhyacodrilus Bretscher, 1901 (Annelida, Clitellata, Rhyacodrilinae). Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 261, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2016.02.001"]}

Chamaepinnularia taihangensis N.N. Cui & Q. Liu sp. nov. Figs 2–20 LM (Figs 2–11):— Large specimens, linear-lanceolate valves with capitate apices and margins with distinct triple curvatures (Figs 2–8). Small specimens, valves elliptic-lanceolate with capitate apices and with or without distinct triple curvature (Figs 9–11). Length 10–14 μm, width 3.0–3.5 μm. Axial area narrow, rhombic, widening toward the middle of valve and nearly reaching the valve margins. Central area rhombic. Striae slightly radiate in the central area and convergent toward the ends, 20–21 in 10 μm. Raphe straight, proximal raphe ends expanded and bent slightly to the same side, the terminal raphe fissures deflected to the same direction. SEM (Figs 12–20):— Externally, striae composed of elongated chamber-like areolae and covered by vela (Figs 12–16). Raphe straight and filiform. Proximal raphe ends expanded and unilaterally deflected (Figs 12, 14). Terminal raphe curved to hook-shaped and continuing onto the mantle (Figs 12, 13, 16). Axial area narrow, rhombic. Fascias present, forming rhombic central areas (Fig. 12). Internally, areolae openings interrupted by siliceous bridge that divides striae in two parts (Fig. 17), one small, rounded and located on the valve face-mantle junction, whereas the other elongated and located on the valve face. Proximal raphe ends unilaterally hooked (Fig. 19). Terminal raphe ends weakly deflected and terminated as well-developed helictoglossae (Figs 18, 20). Type:— CHINA. Taihang Valley, Shanxi Province, epiphyton, 35°12’ N, 113°20’ E, 1760 m asl., June 2020 (holotype SXU! slide THS202006086 = Fig. 3, Freshwater Algal Herbarium of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; isotype: COLO slide, J.P. Kociolek Collection). Etymology:— Named for the region in which it was found. Ecology and distribution:— C. taihangensis sp. nov. was found in Eight spring gorge, Taihang Valley. Conditions in the type material were as follows: Temperature 17.2 ºC, pH = 8.32, EC = 318.6 µs̽ cm-1, AT = 679.4 mm Hg, dissolved oxygen = 9.57 mg ̽L- 1 and total dissolved solids = 279.50 mg ̽L- 1. Associated diatom species: — The type population of C. taihangensis sp. nov. was found in samples associated with other species. In THS202006086, two dominant species were Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki (1994: 157) (25.8 %) and Delicata sinensis Krammer & Metzeltin (2003: 121) (Krammer 2003) (24.0 %). Diatoma moniliformis (Kützing) D.M. Williams (2012: 260) represented 7.5 % of the community with Cymbopleura kuelbsii (Krammer 2003: 94) (5.8 %), Achnanthidium rivulare Potapova & Ponader (2004: 36) (4.0 %), Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (Hustedt) H.Kobayasi (1997: 148) (3.8 %), Denticula elegans Kützing (1844: 44) (3.0 %), Navicula antonii Lange-Bertalot (2000: 155) (Rumrich, U., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Rumrich, M. 2000) (2.8 %), and Chamaepinnularia taihangensis sp. nov. (2.0 %)., Published as part of Cui, Nini, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xudong, Nan, Fangru, Kociolek, John Patrick & Xie, Shulian, 2023, Chamaepinnularia taihangensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom species from Taihang Valley, Shanxi province, China, pp. 184-192 in Phytotaxa 587 (2) on pages 185-186, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7731953, {"references":["Czarnecki, D. B. (1994) The freshwater diatoms culture collection at Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 17: 155 - 174.","Krammer, K. (2003) Cymbopleura, Delicata, Navicymbula, Gomphocymbellopsis, Afrocymbella. In: Diatoms of Europe, Diatoms of the European Inland waters and comparable habitats. Vol. 4. pp. 1 - 529.","Williams, D. M. (2012) Diatoma moniliforme: Commentary, relationships and an appropriate name. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 141: 255 - 261.","Potapova, M. G. & Ponader, K. C. (2004) Two common North American diatoms, Achnanthidium rivulare sp. nov. and A. deflexum (Reimer) Kingston: morphology, ecology and comparison with related species. Diatom Research 19 (1): 33 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2004.9705606","Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen: zu finden bei W. Kohne, 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360"]}

Stegana (Steganina) zhuoma Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 14G, 14H, 65D–F) Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (S.) zaduo sp. nov. in the shape of female terminalia (Fig. 65), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the yellowish katepisternum brown on anterior corner (Fig. 14H); the 8th sternite nearly squared, with several setae and much pubescence on distolateral 1/3 (Fig. 65E). Description. Female: First flagellomere brown. Clypeus black. Mesonotum black medially, brown laterally (Fig. 14G). Scutellum black, yellow at tip (Fig. 14G). Halter mostly white (Fig. 14H). Fore femur with a row of 3 long, strong setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. All abdominal tergites dark brown to black (Fig. 14G, H); sternites brown, about 2 times as wide as long. Female terminalia (Fig. 65D–F): Epiproct with several setae, lacking pubescence (Fig. 65D). Cercus and hypoproct with numerous setae and much pubescence (Fig. 65D, F). Eighth sternite glabrous on basal 2/3 (Fig. 65E). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.70 mm in holotype, ThL = 1.45 mm, WL = 2.92 mm, WW = 1.26 mm, arb = 7/5, avd = 0.85, adf = 1.17, flw = 2.22, FW/HW = 0.39, ch/o = 0.25, prorb = 1.02, rcorb = 0.76, vb = 0.74, dcl = 0.48, presctl = 0.57, sctl = damaged, sterno = 0.77, orbito = 1.90, dcp = 0.32, sctlp = 1.45, C = 1.66, 4c = 1.35, 4v = 1.95, 5x = 1.45, ac = 12.89, M = 0.71, C3F = 0.63. Type material. Holotype ♀ (SCAU, No. 125789, DNA #2757), Tongmai, Bomi, Xizang, 30°06'00''N, 95°05'00''E, alt. 2000m, 11.x.2010, ex tree trunk, L. Wang. Distribution. China (Xizang). Etymology. From the word " zhuoma " in Zang language from the Zang nationality living in Xizang, China, referring to women., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) bimai Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 6E, 6F, 29) Diagnosis. This species closely resembles S. (S.) clavispinula Chen & Chen, 2009 in the shape of epandrium, surstylus, cercus (as figs. 1, 2 in Chen & Chen 2009, Fig. 29A, B), and aedeagal sheath in ventral view (as fig. 6 in Chen & Chen 2009, Fig. 29E), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the surstylus with 1 peg-like tooth near distal margin (Fig. 29B); the aedeagus expanded distally in ventral view (Fig. 29D), lacking serrated process in median process (Fig. 29C, D); the subepandrial sclerite slightly X-shaped (Fig. 29G). Description. Male and female: First flagellomere brown. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum brown medially, yellow laterally (Fig. 6E). Scutellum brown, yellow along margin (Fig. 6E). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 6F). Halter mostly grey (Fig. 6F). Fore femur with 3 thin, long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites brown (Fig. 6E, F); sternites brownish, about 2 times as wide as long in male, about 3 times as wide as long in female. Male terminalia (Fig. 29): Epandrium with ca. 15 setae on dorsal to posterior portions per side (Fig. 29A). Surstylus slightly squared, with minute, serrated processes distally and several setulae near distal margin (Fig. 29A, B). Cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 29A). Hypandrium expanded anteromedially (Fig. 29C, D). Pregonite small, with 3 sensilla (Fig. 29C, D). Aedeagus with some pubescence distoventrally (Fig. 29C). Aedeagal sheath with several minute, serrated processes distally (Fig. 29E, F). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.63 mm in holotype (2.52–2.61 in 2♂, 2.48–2.65 in 2♀ paratypes), ThL = 1.31 mm (1.31–1.34 in ♂, 1.26–1.28 in ♀), WL = 2.32 mm (2.28–2.51 in ♂, 2.31–2.61 in ♀), WW = 1.00 mm (0.97–1.01 in ♂, 0.95–1.08 in ♀), arb = 6/4 (7/4–5), avd = 0.65 (0.84–0.93), adf = 1.12 (1.08–1.20), flw = 2.12 (1.87–2.39), FW/HW = 0.40 (0.36–0.44), ch/o = 0.26 (0.24–0.27), prorb = 0.68 (0.87–1.07), rcorb = 0.71 (0.60– 0.71), vb = 0.60 (0.61–0.89), dcl = damaged (0.55–0.72), presctl = damaged (0.46–0.66), sctl = 2.19 (2.17–2.89), sterno = 0.39 (0.47–0.93), orbito = 1.80 (1.80–1.98), dcp = 0.30 (0.28–0.36), sctlp = 1.78 (1.50–1.73), C = 1.67 (1.72–1.98), 4c = 1.17 (1.22–1.28), 4v = 1.83 (1.88–2.19), 5x = 1.81 (1.44–1.86), ac = 15.17 (9.00–13.14), M = 0.74 (0.61–0.71), C3F = 0.55 (0.60–0.64). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 125744, DNA #2706), CHINA: Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22°37'23''N, 99°36'11''E, alt. 1100m, 16.iv.2018, ex tree trunk, L. Zhu. Paratypes: 2♀ (SCAU, Nos. 125745, 46), other data same as holotype; 2♂ (SCAU, Nos. 125747, 48, DNA #2727), Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°47'29''N, 101°22'59''E, alt. 860m, 24.xii.2003, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the word " bimai " in Dai language from the Dai nationality living in Yunnan, China, referring to the Water-Sprinkling Festival (new year)., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) hirticlavata Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 9G, 9H, 44) Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (S.) jianqinae Zhang, Tsaur, & Chen, 2014 in the shape of male terminalia (as fig. 8 in Zhang et al. 2014, Fig. 44), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the first flagellomere yellow on basal 2/3, black on distal 2/3 (Fig. 9H); the pregonite fused basally, with much long pubescence distally (Fig. 44C, D). Description. Male and female: Face mostly yellow, black near lower margin; facial carina absent. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum yellow, with blurry longitudinal stripes (Fig. 9G). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 9H). Scutellum yellow, brown along margin in male (Fig. 9G). Halter mostly yellow (Fig. 9H). Fore femur with a row of 3 strong setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites brownish (Fig. 9G, H); sternites yellow, about 2 times as wide as long. Male terminalia (Fig. 44): Epandrium with 4 setae near dorsal portion per side (Fig. 44A). Surstylus with numerous setulae on outer surface and some pubescence medially (Fig. 44A, B). Cercus with much pubescence (Fig. 44A). Hypandrium expanded anteromedially (Fig. 44C, D). Aedeagus expanded distally, with a pair of rod-like processes (Fig. 44C, D). Aedeagal sheath slightly saddle-shaped (Fig. 44E, F). Subepandrial sclerite slightly quadrate (Fig. 44G). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.64 mm in holotype (2.54 in 1♂, 2.52–2.88 in 5♀ paratypes), ThL = 1.33 mm (1.53 in ♂, 1.31–1.57 in ♀), WL = 2.65 mm (2.56 in ♂, 2.32–2.85 in ♀), WW = 1.28 mm (1.40 in ♂, 1.21–1.34 in ♀), arb = 7/5 (7–8/5–6), avd = 0.82 (0.74–0.80), adf = 1.31 (1.13–1.56), flw = 2.33 (2.17–2.72), FW/HW = 0.34 (0.34–0.39), ch/o = 0.17 (0.12–0.22), prorb = 0.88 (0.82–1.01), rcorb = 0.74 (0.63–0.77), vb = 0.82 (0.56–0.86), dcl = 0.44 (0.35–0.68), presctl = 0.45 (0.45–0.73), sctl = 1.84 (1.74–2.00), sterno = 0.74 (0.70–0.93), orbito = 2.00 (1.74–2.04), dcp = 0.14 (0.14–0.29), sctlp = 1.75 (1.31–1.98), C = 1.74 (1.83–1.95), 4c = 1.06 (0.97–1.10), 4v = 1.39 (1.28–1.55), 5x = 1.31 (1.17–1.27), ac = 13.00 (8.17–15.43), M = 0.52 (0.43–0.53), C3F = 0.70 (0.59–0.69). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 125571, DNA #1970), CHINA: Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25°17'50''N, 98°48'12''E, alt. 1700m, 21.vi.2013, ex tussock, H.W. Chen. Paratypes: 4♀ (SCAU, Nos. 125572–75, DNA #2177), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23°10'08''N, 99°13'52''E, alt. 1320m, 6.v.2016, ex tree trunks, J. Huang, Y.Q. Liu, Y.L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1♀ (SCAU, No. 125577, DNA #1890), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22°44'19''N, 101°07'01''E, alt. 1400m, 28.v.2015, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen; 1♂ (SCAU, No. 125576, DNA #2181), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22°49'08''N, 102°17'25''E, alt. 1280m, 3.viii.2016, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. A combination of the Latin words '' hirtus '' (= hirsute) and '' clavatus '' (= rod-like), referring to the pregonite distally with long pubescence., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657, {"references":["Zhang, Y., Tsaur, S. C. & Chen, H. W. (2014) Survey of the genus Stegana Meigen (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Taiwan, with"]}

Stegana (Steganina) nigripalpula Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 5C, 5D, 20G–I) Diagnosis. This species differs from the other species of the ornatipes species group in having the large and black palpus (Fig. 5D); the first flagellomere entirely black. Description. Female: Frons entirely black. Face black, with 1 yellow band medially; facial carina absent. Clypeus black. Mesonotum and scutellum dark brown (Fig. 5C, D). Katepisternum dark brown above, yellowish to yellow below (Fig. 5D). Halter mostly black. Fore femur with 3 long setae on distal half of posteroventral surface. All abdominal tergites black medially, dark brown laterally (Fig. 5C, D); sternites brown, about 3 times as wide as long. Female terminalia (Fig. 20G–I): Epiproct and cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 20G). Eighth sternite about 2 times as wide as long, glabrous on basal 2/3 portion, with numerous prensisetae near posterior margin (Fig. 20H). Hypoproct with numerous setae and much pubescence (Fig. 20I). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.65 mm in holotype, ThL = 1.33 mm, WL = 2.61 mm, WW = 1.09 mm, arb = 8/6, avd = 0.73, adf = 1.56, flw = 2.83, FW/HW = 0.35, ch/o = 0.11, prorb = 0.95, rcorb = 0.74, vb = 0.57, dcl = 0.59, presctl = 0.67, sctl = damaged, sterno = 0.62, orbito = 1.62, dcp = 0.27, sctlp = 1.46, C = 1.79, 4c = 1.14, 4v = 1.45, 5x = 1.11, ac = 8.00, M = 0.61, C3F = 0.62. Type material. Holotype ♀ (SCAU, No. 125416, DNA #1876, 2787), CHINA: Wangtianshu, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°36'09''N, 101°35'06''E, alt. 570m, 29.ix.2011, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. A combination of the Latin words " niger " (= black) and " palpulus '' (= palpus), referring to the black palpus., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) rava Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 13A, 13B, 58) Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (S.) flavipes sp. nov. in the shape of male terminalia (Figs. 38, 58), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the surstylus laterally with some minute, serrated processes (Fig. 58A, B); the aedeagus with some pubescence distoventrally (Fig. 58C, D); the subepandrial sclerite vaulted (Fig. 58G). Description. Male: First flagellomere brown. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum yellow (Fig. 13A). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 13B). Scutellum yellow, brownish near distal margin (Fig. 13A). Halter mostly brownish (Fig. 13B). Fore femur with 4 thin, long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites brownish (Fig. 13A, B); sternites yellow, about 1.6 times as wide as long. Male terminalia (Fig. 58): Epandrium with ca. 8 setae on dorsal to posterior portions per side (Fig. 58A). Surstylus slightly oval, with some setulae along distal margin and inner surface, lacking pubescence (Fig. 58A, B). Cercus with sparse pubescence (Fig. 58A). Hypandrium expanded anteromedially (Fig. 58C, D). Pregonite small, with 2 sensilla (Fig. 58C, D). Aedeagus tubular, distally slightly expanded, distoventrally with 3 rugae per side, lacking serrated process (Fig. 58C, D). Aedeagal sheath small, lacking serrated process (Fig. 58E, F). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.67 mm in holotype, ThL = 1.15 mm, WL = 2.32 mm, WW = 1.01 mm, arb = 6/5, avd = 0.76, adf = 0.93, flw = 1.76, FW/HW = 0.37, ch/o = 0.28, prorb = 0.87, rcorb = 0.68, vb = 0.60, dcl = 0.61, presctl = 0.80, sctl = 2.10, sterno = 0.76, orbito = 1.67, dcp = 0.21, sctlp = 1.51, C = 1.66, 4c = 1.07, 4v = 1.63, 5x = 1.23, ac = 9.27, M = 0.52, C3F = 0.62. Type material. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 125656, DNA #2705), Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°47'29''N, 101°22'59''E, alt. 560m, 16,17. iv.2007, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the word " rava " in Dai language from the Dai nationality living in Yunnan, China, referring to the meaning "a happy place"., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on pages 93-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) magniflava Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Fig. 11A, 11B) Diagnosis. This species differs from the other Steganina species in having the large body size (BL = 3.32 mm in holotype) and the yellow body color (Fig. 11A, B). Remarks. The terminalia of the only male specimen was partly damaged (probably eaten by a cockroach) and 11A). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 11B). Halter mostly grey (Fig. 11B). Fore femur with a row of 4 or 5 strong setae on distal part of posteroventral surface.Abdominal tergites brownish yellow (Fig. 11A, B); sternites brownish, about 2 times as wide as long. Measurements and indices. BL = 3.32 mm in holotype, ThL = 1.49 mm, WL = 3.19 mm, WW = 1.33 mm, arb = 7/4, avd = 0.84, adf = 1.17, flw = 2.67, FW/HW = 0.35, ch/o = 0.31, prorb = 0.85, rcorb = 0.67, vb = 0.66, dcl = 0.53, presctl = 0.59, sctl = 1.96, sterno = 0.84, orbito = 1.67, dcp = 0.32, sctlp = 1.74, C = 1.77, 4c = 1.02, 4v = 1.48, 5x = 1.37, ac = 10.73, M = 0.48, C3F = 0.67. Type material. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 125788, DNA #2078), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22°37'15''N, 99°35'42''E, alt. 1200m, 29.iv.2016, ex tree trunk, J. Huang. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. A combination of the Latin words " magnus " (= large) and " flavus " (= yellow), referring to the large body size and the yellow body color., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on pages 82-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) simola Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 13I, 13J, 62) Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (S.) cinereipecta sp. nov. in the shape of male terminalia except aedeagus and subepandrial sclerite (Figs. 30, 62), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the surstylus with numerous minute, serrated processes on outer surface and lacking pubescence (Fig. 62A, B); the aedeagus distally roundly expanded, lacking pubescence (Fig. 62C, D); the subepandrial sclerite slightly vaulted (Fig. 62G). Description. Male and female: First flagellomere yellow. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum brown medially, yellow laterally (Fig. 13I). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 13J). Scutellum dark brown (Fig. 13I). Halter mostly grey (Fig. 13J). Fore femur with a row of 4 long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites dark brown to black medially, yellow laterally (Fig. 13I, J); sternites yellow, about 1.6 times as wide as long. Male terminalia (Fig. 62): Epandrium with ca. 11 setae on dorsal to posterior portions per side (Fig. 62A). Surstylus with 1 peg-like tooth and numerous setulae near distal margin (Fig. 62A, B). Cercus with much pubescence (Fig. 62A). Hypandrium roundly expanded anteromedially (Fig. 62C, D). Pregonite small, with 2 or 3 sensilla (Fig. 62C, D). Aedeagus with numerous minute, serrated processes distally (Fig. 62C, D). Aedeagal sheath distally with numerous minute, serrated processes (Fig. 62E, F). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.73 mm in holotype (2.73–2.80 in 2♂, 2.80–3.40 in 2♀ paratypes), ThL = 1.33 mm (1.27–1.33 in ♂, 1.33 in ♀), WL = 2.13 mm (2.13–2.20 in ♂, 2.00– 2.47 in ♀), WW = 1.00 mm (0.93–1.00 0.67 (0.60–0.80), dcl = 0.51 (0.48–0.51), presctl = 0.77 (0.69–0.77), sctl = 2.00 (2.00–2.50), sterno = 0.80 (0.60– 1.11), orbito = 2.67 (2.00–2.67), dcp = 0.22 (0.17–0.22), sctlp = 1.86 (1.75–2.50), C = 1.67 (1.56–2.00), 4c = 1.29 (1.13–1.50), 4v = 1.71 (1.43–2.33), 5x = 2.50 (1.67–2.50), ac = 9.00 (9.00), M = 0.71 (0.63–0.83), C3F = 0.56 (0.56–0.67). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 125650, DNA #1185), CHINA: Wangtianshu, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°36'09''N, 101°35'06''E, alt. 700m, 25.iv.2007, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Paratypes: 2♂, 2♀ (SCAU, Nos. 125651–54, DNA #2662), other data same as holotype. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the word " simola " in Va language from the Va nationality living in Yunnan, China, referring to the meaning "a happy place"., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) glaucopalpula Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 9C, 9D, 42A–C) Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (S.) curvitabulata sp. nov. in the laterally curlied 8th sternite (Figs. 35B, 42B), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the palpus large, mostly yellow, slightly grey distally (Fig. 9D); the epiproct lacking sensilla, with several setae (Fig. 42A); the 8th sternite glabrous (Fig. 42B). Description. Female: First flagellomere black. Clypeus brownish medially, yellow laterally. Mesonotum yellow, with broad, brown longitudinal stripes medially (Fig. 9C). Katepisternum mostly yellow, brownish posteriorly (Fig. 9D). Scutellum brown (Fig. 9C). Halter mostly grey (Fig. 9D). Fore femur with a row of 4 or 5 sturdy setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites dark brown (Fig. 9C, D); sternites brown, about 2 times as wide as long. Female terminalia (Fig. 42A–C): Epiproct lacking pubescence (Fig. 42A). Cercus and hypoproct with numerous setae and much pubescence (Fig. 42A, C). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.88 mm in holotype, ThL = 1.59 mm, WL = 2.46 mm, WW = 1.21 mm, arb = 8/5, avd = 0.77, adf = 1.30, flw = 2.50, FW/HW = 0.33, ch/o = 0.13, prorb = damaged, rcorb = damaged, vb = 0.58, dcl = damaged, presctl = 0.79, sctl = damaged, sterno = damaged, orbito = 1.96, dcp = 0.33, sctlp = 1.33, C = 2.48, 4c = 0.89, 4v = 1.83, 5x = 1.73, ac = 8.89, M = 0.58, C3F = 0.67. Type material. Holotype ♀ (SCAU, No. 125753, DNA #2704, 2777), CHINA: Wugongshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, alt. 340m, 15.vi.2011, ex tree trunk, X.Y. Liu. Distribution. China (Taiwan). Etymology. A combination of the Latin words '' glaukos " (= grey) and '' palpulus '' (= palpus), referring to the grey distally palpus., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) otphylla Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 12G, 12H, 56) Diagnosis. This species differs from the other Steganina species in having the pregonite basally with a pair of large, pubescent flaps (Fig. 56B, C); the aedeagus distodorsally triangular, distolaterally protruding, with numerous minute, serrated processes near margin (Fig. 56B, C). Description. Male and female: First flagellomere brown. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum dark brown to black medially, brown laterally (Fig. 12G). Katepisternum yellowish, brownish on anterior corner (Fig. 12H). Scutellum black, yellow at tip (Fig. 12G).Halter mostly grey (Fig. 12H). Fore femur with a row of 3 or 4 long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites mostly black (Fig. 12G, H); sternites yellow, slightly wider than long. Male terminalia (Fig. 56): Epandrium with ca. 12 setae on dorsal to posterior portions per side (Fig. 56A). Surstylus with some minute, serrated processes on outer surface, 1 peg-like tooth and several setulae near distal margin, lacking pubescence (Fig. 56A). Cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 56A). Hypandrium expanded anteromedially (Fig. 56B, C). Pregonite fused and large, with 3 sensilla medially (Fig. 56B, C). Aedeagal sheath distally dorsad curved and with several minute, serrated processes (Fig. 55D, E). Subepandrial sclerite slightly expanded distally (Fig. 55F). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.77 mm in holotype (2.67–3.08 in 3♂, 2.81–3.21 in 2♀ paratypes), ThL = 1.41 mm (1.42–1.49 in ♂, 1.45–1.49 in ♀), WL = 2.67 mm (2.79–2.97 in ♂, 2.82–3.01 in ♀), WW = 1.34 mm (1.13–1.21 in ♂, 1.07–1.28 in ♀), arb = 6/4 (6–7/4–5), avd = 0.72 (0.67–0.86), adf = 0.77 (0.82–1.00), flw = 1.80 (1.67–2.33), FW/HW = 0.40 (0.37–0.41), ch/o = 0.39 (0.28–0.47), prorb = 1.47 (0.71–1.42), rcorb = 1.16 (0.71–0.96), vb = 0.50 (0.46–1.06), dcl = 0.22 (0.22–0.30), presctl = 0.51 (0.34–0.51), sctl = 0.91 (1.14–2.75), sterno = damaged (0.76–1.50), orbito = 2.07 (1.64–2.00), dcp = 0.17 (0.17–0.19), sctlp = 1.17 (1.49–2.51), C = 1.93 (1.59–2.09), 4c = 1.30 (1.14–1.40), 4v = 2.23 (1.72–2.49), 5x = 2.07 (1.22–2.00), ac = 9.33 (9.46–14.00), M = 0.72 (0.50–0.76), C3F = 0.66 (0.54–0.72). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No.121179, DNA #804), CHINA: Xujiaba, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24°32'38''N, 100°01'30''E, alt. 2200m, 27.vii.2006, ex tree trunk, H.L. Cao. Paratypes: 1♂ (SCAU, No. 121180), other data same as holotype; 1♂ (SCAU, No. 125613, DNA #2186), Wuliangshan, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24°20'40''N, 100°48'01''E, alt. 2200m, 27.vii.2006, ex tree trunk, H.L. Cao; 2♀ (SCAU, Nos. 125611, 12, DNA #2386), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22°44'19''N, 101°07'01''E, alt. 1400m, 13.v.2012, ex tree trunks, J.J. Gao; 1♂ (SCAU, No. 125610, DNA #1880), Fengtongzhai, Baoxing, Sichuan, 30°32'42''N, 102°54'24''E, alt. 1700m, 9.v.2019, ex tussock, L. Gong. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan)., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) cultella Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 7E, 7F, 34) Diagnosis. This species resembles S. (S.) fusca sp. nov. in the small body size (BL ranged from 2.12–2.39 mm in measured specimens) and the relatively light body color (Figs. 7E, 7F, 8I, 8J), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the cercus with much pubescence (Fig. 34A); the aedeagus dramatically expanded distally, lacking pubescence (Fig. 34C, D). Description. Male: First flagellomere black. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum brownish yellow (Fig. 7E, F). Katepisternum yellow (Fig. 7F). Halter mostly yellow, with a brownish patch at knob (Fig. 7E). Fore femur with a row of 3 long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites brown medially, brownish near distal margin (Fig. 34A, B). Hypandrium roundly expanded anteromedially (Fig. 34C, D). Pregonite with 7 sensilla (Fig. 34C, D). Aedeagal sheath distally dorsad curved (Fig. 34E, F). Subepandrial sclerite slightly vaulted, broadened distally (Fig. 34G). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.39 mm in holotype (2.12 in 1♂ paratype), ThL = 1.21 mm (0.88), WL = 2.36 mm (1.46), WW = 1.00 mm (0.64), arb = 7/5 (7/5), avd = 0.89 (0.83), adf = 1.37 (1.50), flw = 2.68 (3.00), FW/ HW = 0.36 (0.30), ch/o = 0.15 (0.15), prorb = 0.95 (1.00), rcorb = 0.74 (0.67), vb = 0.83 (0.71), dcl = 0.58 (0.56), presctl = 0.49 (0.45), sctl = 2.90 (2.50), sterno = 0.88 (0.73), orbito = 1.65 (1.72), dcp = 0.35 (0.31), sctlp = 1.93 (2.25), C = 1.67 (1.67), 4c = 1.21 (1.09), 4v = 1.75 (1.50), 5x = 1.60 (1.60), ac = 10.89 (12.00), M = 0.59 (0.36), C3F = 0.62 (0.67). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 125729, DNA #2743), CHINA: Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°47'29''N, 101°22'59''E, alt. 580m, 19.iv.2007, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Paratype: 1♂ (SCAU, No. 121114), other data same as holotype. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the Latin word " cultellus " (= knife), referring to the knife-liked facial carina., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) kanda Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 10A, 10B, 45) Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (S.) hirticlavata sp. nov. in the face mostly yellow, black near lower margin, but can be distinguished from the latter by having the first flagellomere yellow on basal 2/3, black on distal 1/3 (Fig. 10B); the facial carina present; the pregonite small, with 7 or 8 sensilla, lacking long pubescence distally (Fig. 45B, C); the aedeagus with 1 pair of sclerotized and 1 pair of membranous lobe-shaped processes (Fig. 45B, C). Description. Male: Clypeus and palpus yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum yellow (Fig. 10A). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 10B). Halter mostly grey (Fig. 10B). Fore femur with 3 strong setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites yellow (Fig. 10A, B); sternites yellow, about 2 times as wide as long. Male terminalia (Fig. 45): Epandrium with 11 setae on dorsal to posterior portions per side (Fig. 45A). Surstylus with some setulae near distal margin, lacking pubescence (Fig. 45A). Cercus with much pubescence (Fig. 45A). Hypandrium slightly expanded anteromedially (Fig. 45B, C). Aedeagal sheath acute apically, with 1 pair of acute processes subapically (Fig. 45D, E). Subepandrial sclerite broadened, slightly expanded distally (Fig. 45F). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.08 mm, ThL = 0.89 mm, WL = 1.89 mm, WW = 0.94 mm, arb = 6/4, avd = 1.08, adf = 1.23, flw = 2.29, FW/HW = 0.35, ch/o = 0.3 8, prorb = 0.17, rcorb = 0.54, vb = 0.45, dcl = 0.69, presctl = 0.53, sctl = 2.06, sterno = 0.60, orbito = 2.00, dcp = 0.38, sctlp = 1.23, C = 1.61, 4c = 1.44, 4v = 2.02, 5x = 1.29, ac = 6.00, M = 0.72, C3F = 0.65. Type material. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 125578, DNA #2750), CHINA: Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°38'39''N, 101°09'52''E, alt. 570m, 24.iv.2016, ex tree trunk, J. Huang. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the word " kanda " in Va language from the Va nationality living in Yunnan, China, referring to the meaning "a serenity place"., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) idiasta Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 9I, 9J, 42D–F) Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (S.) curvitabulata sp. nov. in the shape of epiproct, cercus (Figs. 35A, 42D), and hypoproct (Figs. 35C, 42F), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the palpus large, mostly yellow, distally slightly grey (Fig. 9J); the epiproct lacking sensilla, with some setae on distal 2/3 (Fig. 42D); the 8th sternite not curlied laterally, glabrous on basal 2/3, with several short setae and some pubescence on distal 1/3 (Fig. 42E). Description. Female: First flagellomere brownish. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum brownish yellow medially, yellow laterally (Fig. 9I). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 9J). Scutellum brownish yellow medially, brown laterally (Fig. 9I). Halter mostly grey (Fig. 9J). Fore femur with a row of 3 long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites dark brown (Fig. 9I, J); sternites brown, about 2 times as wide as long. Female terminalia (Fig. 42D–F): Cercus and hypoproct with numerous setae and much pubescence (Fig. 42D, F). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.15 mm in holotype (2.87–3.68 in 2♀ paratypes), ThL = 1.57 mm (1.49– 1.56), WL = 2.63 mm (2.88–3.08), WW = 1.21 mm (1.17–1.26), arb = 7/4 (7/4–5), avd = 0.78 (0.80–0.86), adf = 1.51 (1.17–1.24), flw = 2.92 (2.54–2.67), FW/HW = 0.35 (0.36–0.38), ch/o = 0.18 (0.21–0.22), prorb = 1.04 (0.78–0.89), rcorb = 0.88 (0.66–0.68), vb = 0.88 (0.77–0.93), dcl = 0.41 (0.50–0.54), presctl = 0.53 (0.46–0.59), sctl = damaged (1.80–1.89), sterno = 0.90 (0.78–0.82), orbito = 2.00 (1.66–1.82), dcp = 0.34 (0.34–0.40), sctlp = 1.87 (1.61–2.00), C = 1.71 (1.70–1.73), 4c = 1.36 (1.26–1.30), 4v = 1.95 (1.86–1.89), 5x = 1.21 (1.56–1.91), ac = 13.25 (19.33–23.60), M = 0.65 (0.62–0.66), C3F = 0.66 (0.61–0.62). Type materials. Holotype ♀ (SCAU, No. 125784, DNA #2189), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22°44'19''N, 101°07'01''E, alt. 1400m, 13.v.2012, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Paratypes: 2♀ (SCAU, Nos. 125785, 86, DNA #2761, 2762), other data same as holotype. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the Greek word " idiastçs " (= hermit), referring to the Steganina flies being reclusive in the forest., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) daiya Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 7I, 7J, 35D–F) Diagnosis. Eighth sternite broadened, rounded distally, with several sensilla, setae, and some pubescence distolaterally (Fig. 35E). Description. Female: Clypeus brownish. Mesonotum dark brown medially, brown laterally (Fig. 7I, J). Katepisternum yellow, slightly greyish below (Fig. 7J). Scutellum black (Fig. 7I). Halter mostly grey. Fore femur with a row of 3 long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites mostly black (Fig. 7I, J); sternites brownish, slightly wider than long. Female terminalia (Fig. 35D–F): Epiproct with several setae, lacking pubescence (Fig. 35D). Cercus with numerous setae and much pubescence (Fig. 35D). Hypoproct with numerous setae and much pubescence posteriorly (Fig. 35F). Measurements and indices. BL = 2.77 mm in holotype (2.81 in 1♀ paratype), ThL = 1.41 mm (1.45), WL = 2.67 mm (2.79), WW = 1.34 mm (1.28), arb = 6/4 (7/5), avd = 0.72 (0.86), adf = 0.77 (0.82), flw = 1.80 (1.67), FW/ HW = 0.40 (0.41), ch/o = 0.39 (0.47), prorb = 1.47 (1.42), rcorb = 1.16 (0.96), vb = 0.50 (1.06), dcl = 0.88 (0.56), presctl = 0.59 (0.56), sctl = 0.91 (1.14), sterno = damaged (0.76), orbito = 2.07 (2.00), dcp = 0.19 (0.18), sctlp = 1.17 (1.49), C = 1.93 (2.09), 4c = 1.30 (1.40), 4v = 2.23 (2.49), 5x = 2.07 (2.00), ac = 9.33 (9.46), M = 0.72 (0.76), C3F = 0.66 (0.72). Type materials. Holotype ♀ (SCAU, No. 125608, DNA #2565), CHINA: Fengtongzhai, Baoxing, Sichuan, 30°32'42''N, 102°54'24''E, alt. 1700m, 19.ix.2005, ex tussock, H.W. Chen. Paratype: 1♀ (SCAU, No. 125609, DNA #547), other data same as holotype. Distribution. China (Sichuan). Etymology. From the word " daiya " in Qiang language from the Qiang nationality living in Sichuan, China, referring to the meaning "a mysterious place"., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

Stegana (Steganina) labao Cui & Chen, sp. nov. (Figs. 10C, 10D, 42G–I) Diagnosis. This species closely resembles S. (S.) idiasta sp. nov. in the shape of female terminalia (Fig. 42D–I), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the 8th sternite slightly longer than wide, glabrous on basal 3/4, with some long setae and pubescence on distal 1/4 (Fig. 42H). Description. Female: First flagellomere brown. Clypeus yellow. Mesonotum yellow (Fig. 10C). Katepisternum yellowish (Fig. 10D). Scutellum brown, dark brown near distal margin (Fig. 10C). Halter mostly grey (Fig. 10D). Fore femur with a row of 3 long setae on distal part of posteroventral surface. Abdominal tergites brown (Fig. 10C, D); sternites brown, slightly wider than long. Female terminalia (Fig. 42G–I): Epiproct with some setae on distal 2/3 (Fig. 42G). Cercus and hypoproct with numerous setae and much pubescence (Fig. 42G, I). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.29 mm in holotype, ThL = 1.08 mm, WL = 2.14 mm, WW = 0.87 mm, arb = 6/4, avd = 0.67, adf = 1.07, flw = 1.65, FW/HW = 0.35, ch/o = 0.21, prorb = 1.12, rcorb = 0.71, vb = 0.60, dcl = 0.87, presctl = 0.76, sctl = 1.35, sterno = damaged, orbito = 2.06, dcp = 0.40, sctlp = 1.24, C = 1.65, 4c = 1.33, 4v = 1.98, 5x = 1.67, ac = 13.60, M = 0.59, C3F = 0.73. Type material. Holotype ♀ (SCAU, No. 125692, DNA #1903), CHINA: Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22°44'19''N, 101°07'01''E, alt. 1420m, 28.v.2015, ex tree trunk, H.W. Chen. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the word " labao " in Hani language from the Hani nationality living in Yunnan, China, referring to the meaning "singing folk song"., Published as part of WANG, YA-LIAN, LI, BING-XUE, CUI, MENG-DI, ZHANG, YUAN, WANG, LE, ZHANG, CAI-HONG, TSAUR, SHUN-CHERN, CHEN, HONG-WEI & HUANG, JIA, 2023, Revision of the subgenus Stegana (Steganina) from China, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes (Diptera, Drosophilidae), pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 5250 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5250.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7705657

The introduction of role-playing method in the course teaching of administrative management is beneficial to meet the training of high-level applied talents, is conducive to meet the practical needs of administrative management teaching, and is beneficial to stimulate students' learning motivation and interest. Setting the problem situation is the basis of role-playing teaching, role assignment is the key of role-playing teaching, and discussing the performance content is the improvement of role-playing teaching.

The application of solar energy to convert CO2 into high-value chemicals and fuels has been considered a highly desirable approach to relieving the greenhouse effect and energy crisis, while the exploration of appropriate photocatalysts remains a major challenge. Combining the respective advantages of COFs and MOFs to construct covalent metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) can be a valid strategy to provide efficient, reliable and eco-friendly photocatalysts. Herein, we employ a CuI cluster-based CMOF (JNM-2) as a photocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction under visible-light irradiation. JNM-2 exhibits remarkable efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction with high production rates of HCOOH (9019 μmol g-1 h-1) and CO (835 μmol g-1 h-1). The active center, reaction intermediates and product generation pathways are elucidated by in-situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations. This work demonstrates the tremendous possibilities of CMOFs as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and provides profound insights into the mechanism of CO2-to-HCOOH/CO conversion using molecularly accurate structural model.

The different nature of the emissive states of AgI and CuI one- and three-dimensional coordination polymers is here explained by a higher covalent character of the Cu—N bond with respect to the Ag—N one., A QTAIM and IQA investigation on model compounds of two isostructural AgI and CuI coordination polymers (CPs) based on cyclic tri­imidazole (L), i.e. the [MIL] n 1D double-stranded stair chain and the [MClL] n 3D network (M = Cu, Ag), has allowed light to be shed on the different emissive behaviour associated with the two metal ions. According to a previously reported investigation [Malpicci et al. (2021). Inorg. Chem. Front. 8, 1312–1323 ▸], AgI CPs showed both fluorescence and multiple ligand-centred room-temperature phospho­rescences, whereas CuI CPs displayed non-thermally equilibrated halogen and metal-to-ligand charge transfer and two ligand-centred phospho­rescences, the latter observed only by their selective activation. Analysis of both local and integral QTAIM descriptors, including delocalization indices and source function, of the Ag—N and Cu—N bonds reveals a higher covalent and local character for the latter, explaining the greater metal–ligand electronic communication observed for the Cu compounds. Moreover, IQA investigation shows that the Cu—N bond is characterized by higher interaction energy, due to both higher electrostatic and exchange-correlation contributions. Analysis on the M—X (M = Ag, Cu; X = I, Cl) bonds, also present in these structures, highlights a much higher covalent and local character with respect to the M—N bonds.

Curriculum materials are instructional materials produced to be used for teaching and learning. Successful teaching requires new materials and innovative approaches. In the present study, I shall present DGS Cui-rods an instructional material for effective teaching and learning of mathematical concepts. I created them in the Geometer’s Sketchpad environment. Dynamic geometry environments allow students to discover and reinvent a wide range of mathematical concepts and their relationships. During problem-solving situations, students are able to construct meanings. They are led to create their personal representations of mathematical concepts and transform them. The design of activities in the learning environment as a part of the instruction thus has a crucial role to play. In the next sections, I shall describe how learning through DGS Cui-Ros affects students’ cognitive structure’s transformations and consequently their cognitive growth., {"references":["Aamodt, A. 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Hoyos, L. K. Kor, O. Kosheleva, & R. Straesser (2010). Mathematical knowledge and practices resulting from access to digital technologies. In C. Hoyles & J. Lagrange (Eds.), Mathematics education and technology – Rethinking the terrain. The 17th ICMI Study (pp. 133–177). New York: Springer.","Patsiomitou, S. (2012) A Linking Visual Active Representation DHLP for student's cognitive development. Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology,Vol. 12 Issue 6, March 2012. pp. 53-81. ISSN 9754350. Available at:","Patsiomitou, S. (2019a). From Vecten's Theorem to Gamow's Problem: Building an Empirical Classification Model for Sequential Instructional Problems in Geometry. Journal of Education and Practice. Vol.10, No.5, pp.1-23. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-5-01.","Patsiomitou, S. (2019b). A Trajectory for the Teaching and Learning of the Didactics of Mathematics [using ICT]: Linking Visual Active Representations. Monograph. Published by Global Journal Incorporated. United States. 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Element doping can affect the electronic structure and optical properties of γ-CuI. First principles calculations show that Cs, F, Cl, and Br doping may enhance the detection performance of γ-CuI scintillators.

Dalam kajian ini, kesan kepekatan pendopan CuI dalam lapisan aktif poli (3-heksilthiofena-2,5-dil) (P3HT): (6,6)-fenil-C61 butrik asid metil ester (PCBM) terhadap prestasi sel suria organik jenis songsang di bawah cahaya luar piawai (AM1.5 G) dan diod pemancar cahaya (LED) putih telah dikaji. Peranti dengan kepekatan pendopan CuI sebanyak 9 bt% memberi prestasi terbaik bagi kedua-dua keadaan pencahayaan dengan kecekapan penukaran kuasa (PCE) yang tertinggi pada 2.46% dan 5.17%, masing-masing di bawah cahaya luar dan dalam. Bagi pengoptimuman lanjut, kesan kepekatan larutan penyediaan lapisan aktif P3HT:PCBM terdop CuI terhadap prestasi sel suria organik telah dikaji. Didapati kepekatan optimum lapisan aktif adalah berbeza di bawah cahaya dalam dan luar. Peranti dengan kepekatan larutan lapisan aktif yang tinggi (50 mg/mL) memberikan prestasi terbaik di bawah cahaya LED dengan PCE 8.14% manakala lapisan aktif dengan kepekatan biasa (25 mg/mL) menunjukkan prestasi terbaik di bawah cahaya AM1.5G (2.46%).

Massima In tema di revocatoria, ai fini della dichiarazione di inefficacia di un atto posto in essere in pregiudizio del creditore, è sufficiente che la scientia damni consista nella semplice consapevolezza del debitore di arrecare pregiudizio agli interessi del creditore, ovvero nella previsione di un mero danno potenziale. Quanto, invece, all’elemento oggettivo, esso può consistere in una variazione quantitativa o anche solo qualitativa del patrimonio del debitore, la quale comporti una maggiore difficoltà od incertezza nella esazione coattiva del credito oppure ne comprometta la fruttuosità.

More than thirty years after Hungary’s transition to democracy and the change of territorial governance model, the time is now right to assess the outcome. This paper is primarily an assessment, concluding that the deadlock of the Hungarian local government system can be explained not only by the centralisation efforts of the governing and opposition political elites or the continuous decline of the budgetary position, but also by the indifference of local society. The fact is that the Hungarian local governments were not protected from being squeezed out of a significant part of public services, from a narrowing of their room to manoeuvre and from their authority position being weakened, by the general constitutional provisions introduced in 1990. An important proposition of this paper is that (local) society, although still more trusting of local governments than the central government according to various surveys, has not been able to become an ‘ally’ of local governments. The question rightly posed in the title of the paper is, whose interest is the local government system, who finds the values of self ‑governance important? The paper seeks (based mainly on academic literature and on its own and secondary analyses) the reasons/changes that have led to the stalemate of Hungarian local governments despite their initially strong mandate.

Amanita pallidoverruca Yang-Yang Cui, Qing Cai & Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov. Figs. 2–3 MycoBank: MB842861 Etymology: — pallidoverruca refers to the dirty white to greyish warts on the pileus. Diagnosis:— Amanita pallidoverruca is closely related and similar to A. excelsa, but differs from the latter by its more robust basidioma, dirty white to greyish volval remnants on the pileus, and the greyish yellow to olivaceous edge of the annulus. Holotype: — CHINA. Sichuan Province: Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Batang County, Cuopugou National Forest Park, elevation 4250 m, in a subalpine forest with trees of Picea, 6 August 2016, Bang Feng 2055 (HKAS99345!). Description: —Basidioma (Fig. 2) large. Pileus 9–13 cm diam., at first convex, later plano-convex to applanate, without umbo or depression at center, greyish white (1B1, 3B1, 4B1), greyish brown (4C2–4, 5C3–6) to greybrown (4D2–5, 5D2–4), densely covered with dirty white (4A2) to greyish (1B1–3) warts; margin non-striate and non-appendiculate; trama white (1A1), unchanging when cut. Lamellae free, crowded, white (1A1) to cream (1A2); lamellulae attenuate, plentiful. Stipe 10–15 cm long × 1.5–3 cm diam., subcylindric or slightly tapering upwards, with apex slightly expanded, white (1A1) to dirty white (4A2) above annulus, dirty white (4A2), grey (2B1, 2C1) to greyish brown (4B2–3, 4C2–3, 4D2–3) and decorated with grey (2B1, 2C1), grey-brown (4B2–3, 4C2–3, 4D2–3) to dark grey (3E1–3) squamules below annulus; context white (1A1); stipe base slightly inflated, fusiform, 2–4 cm diam., white (1A1) to dirty white (4A2), upper part covered with indistinct whitish warty volval remnants. Annulus present, subapical, pendent from attachment 2–4 cm below apex of stipe, white (1A1) at upper surface, greyish (1B1–3) to grey (1C1–3, 1D1–3) at lower surface, with greyish yellow (2B3–6) to olivaceous (2C3–5, 1C4–6) appendages at edge. Odor slightly pungent. Lamellar trama bilateral. Mediostratum 30–40 μm wide, composed of abundant ellipsoid to clavate inflated cells (15–50 × 10–20 μm); filamentous hyphae abundant, 4–8 μm wide; vascular hyphae scarce. Lateral stratum composed of abundant subfusiform to ellipsoid inflated cells (15–40 × 10–20 μm), diverging at an angle of ca. 30–60 ° to mediostratum; filamentous hyphae abundant and 2–8 μm wide. Subhymenium (Fig. 3a) 20–50 μm thick, with 2–3 layers of subglobose to ellipsoid or irregular cells, 8–20 × 6–12 μm. Basidia (Fig. 3a) 40–70 × 10–12 μm, clavate, 4- spored; sterigmata 3–5 μm long; basal septa without clamps. Basidiospores (Fig. 3b) [40/2/2] 8–10 (–11) × (5.5–) 6–7 (–8) μm, Q = (1.27–) 1.33–1.58 (–1.75), Qm = 1.46 ± 0.12, predominantly ellipsoid, occasionally broadly ellipsoid or elongate, amyloid, colorless, thin-walled, smooth; apiculus small. Lamellar edge appearing as a sterile strip, composed of subglobose to ellipsoid to fusiform inflated cells (20–60 × 10–35 μm), single and terminal or in chains of 2–3, thinwalled, colorless; filamentous hyphae abundant, 2–8 μm wide, irregularly arranged or ± running parallel to lamellar edge. Pileipellis 60–150 μm thick; upper layer (30–50 μm thick) gelatinized, composed of subradially to somewhat interwoven, thin-walled, colorless filamentous hyphae 2–5 μm wide; lower layer (40–100 μm thick) composed of radially and compactly arranged filamentous hyphae 4–8 μm wide, colorless; vascular hyphae scarce. Volval remnants on pileus (Fig. 3c) composed of irregularly to vertically arranged elements: filamentous hyphae abundant, 2–10 μm wide, colorless, yellowish to brownish, thin-walled, branching, anastomosing; inflated cells very abundant, subglobose, fusiform to ellipsoid, 15–90 × 15–80 μm, colorless, yellowish to brownish, thin-walled, terminal or in chains of 2–3; vascular hyphae scarce. Annulus predominantly composed of two parts intergrading into each other. Upper part dominantly composed of radially to interwoven elements: filamentous hyphae scarce to abundant, 2–8 μm wide, brownish to brown, thin-walled; inflated cells very abundant to nearly dominant, subglobose, ellipsoid to fusiform, 25–80 × 10–70 μm, brownish to brown, thin-walled; vascular hyphae scarce. Lower part composed of radially arranged elements: filamentous hyphae very abundant to nearly dominant, 2–6 μm wide, brownish to brown, thin-walled; inflated cells scarce, clavate to long clavate, 30–60 × 10–30 μm, brownish to brown, thin-walled; vascular hyphae scarce. Clamps absent in all parts of basidioma. Habit, habitat and distribution:—Solitary to scattered on soil in subalpine forests with Picea; known from southwestern China. Additional specimen examined:— CHINA. Sichuan Province: Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Batang County, Cuopugou National Forest Park, elevation 4220 m, in a subalpine forest with trees of Picea, 7 August 2014, Kuan Zhao 707 (HKAS89638)., Published as part of Cui, Yang-Yang, Yang, Zhu L. & Cai, Qing, 2022, Amanita pallidoverruca, a new species of Amanita section Validae from the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China, pp. 73-82 in Phytotaxa 542 (1) on pages 76-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6404613

The occurrence of rotational domains is a well-known issue for copper iodide (CuI) that naturally occurs for growth on popular substrates like sapphire. However, this has detrimental effects on the thin film quality like increasing surface roughness or deteriorated transport characteristics due to grain boundary scattering. Utilizing pulsed laser deposition and the in situ growth of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium bromide (NaBr) template layers, studies were performed on their potential on suppressing the formation of rotational domains of CuI on c-plane sapphire and SrF2(111) substrates. Corresponding samples were investigated concerning their epitaxial properties and further characterized regarding (volume) crystalline, morphological, and electrical properties. Particularly for NaBr template layers, fully single-crystalline growth of CuI thin films was obtained and resulted in significantly reduced surface roughness of the CuI layer.

First successful preparation of BiOBr/CuI composite catalysts via a hydrothermal method which has excellent performance for phenol degradation. The direct Z-scheme heterojunction of the composite was proved by XPS and EPR.

In situ CuI-mediated cyclization helps construct N-aryl-5,6,7-trimethoxybenzimidazoles. Compound 10 displayed potent antiproliferative activity and inhibitory activity of tubulin polymerization.

We present 1D CuI-based polymers exhibiting remarkable short-lived TADF and phosphorescence induced by photo- or X-ray irradiation.

CuI is one of the promising hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells. However, its tendency to form defects is currently limiting its use for device applications. Here, we report the successful improvement of CuI through Sn doping and the direct measurement of the carrier relaxation and interfacial charge-transfer processes in Sn-doped CuI films and their heterostructures. Femtosecond-transient absorption (fs-TA) measurements reveal that Sn doping effectively passivates the trap states within the bandgap of CuI. The

The appearance in the French press of Al Capone’s banditry compensates the supposed victory of fascism against the Mafia. In the space of a few years, it reveals a new criminality whose operating modes equal those of the Mafia. But this press, dazzled by the violence and novelty of this banditry fails to grasp its similarities to the Mafia. Exposing the ways in which French journalists reveals this criminality, the article questions the reasons why they do not see its proximity to the Mafia.

This reported protocol provides alkynyl esters with good yields, and a broad substrate scope, less reaction time, neat reaction conditions, and enhanced values of green chemistry are its advantageous features.

As a significant class of synthetic and natural products with multiple biological activities, quinolines are used in medical and electronic devices.

UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammograms and tandem ESI-MS were employed to confirm that the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by complex 1 involves mononuclear species, whereas complex 2 retains the binuclear core in the same reaction.