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Supporting information of "Can upwelling regions be potential thermal refugia for marine species during climate warming? The case of Mexican marine resources"

Codes with instructions to replicate the manuscript titled "Thermal optimality and physiological parameters inferred from experimental studies scale latitudinally with marine species occurrences"

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eqs-10.1177_87552930231153190 for Semiempirical model for the estimation of site amplification in Northern South America by Vicente Mercado, Cesar A Pajaro, Carlos A Arteta, Fernando J Díaz, Julián Montejo, Mónica Arcila and Norman A Abrahamson in Earthquake Spectra

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eqs-10.1177_87552930231153190 for Semiempirical model for the estimation of site amplification in Northern South America by Vicente Mercado, Cesar A Pajaro, Carlos A Arteta, Fernando J Díaz, Julián Montejo, Mónica Arcila and Norman A Abrahamson in Earthquake Spectra

Data of this study are about the effects of transgenerational effects of thermal stress on morphometric data (eye diameter, arm length, mantle length, yolk, length, egg length egg wide and wet weight), routine oxygen consumption, oxidant damage (Protein oxidation; PO), antioxidant defense mechanisms (Catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, total glutathione)and esterases (carboxyl esterase and acetylcholinesterase) of embryos spawned by females exposed at 24 and 30°C until spawn. Embryos of both groups of femaleswere spread in two groups: one incubated at 24 and the other at 30°C. Evaluations were grouped in threeembryo stages: organogenesis, activation, and growth.&nbsp

Evidence suggests that aging-related dysfunctions of adipose tissue and metabolic disturbances increase the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MtbS), eventually leading to cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the neuroprotective role of adipocytokines in this process has not been specifically investigated. The present study aims to identify metabolic alterations that may prevent adipocytokines from exerting their neuroprotective action in normal ageing. We hypothesize that neuroprotection may occur under insulin resistance (IR) conditions as long as there are no other metabolic alterations that indirectly impair the action of adipocytokines, such as hyperglycemia. This hypothesis was tested in 239 cognitively normal older adults (149 females) aged 52 to 87 years (67.4 ± 5.9 yr). We assessed whether the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the presence of different components of MtbS moderated the association of plasma adipocytokines (i.e., adiponectin, leptin and the adiponectin to leptin [Ad/L] ratio) with cognitive functioning and cortical thickness. The results showed that HOMA-IR, circulating triglyceride and glucose levels moderated the neuroprotective effect of adipocytokines. In particular, elevated triglyceride levels reduced the beneficial effect of Ad/L ratio on cognitive functioning in insulin-sensitive individuals; whereas under high IR conditions, it was elevated glucose levels that weakened the association of the Ad/L ratio with cognitive functioning and with cortical thickness of prefrontal regions. Taken together, these findings suggest that the neuroprotective action of adipocytokines is conditioned not only by whether cognitively normal older adults are insulin-sensitive or not, but also by the circulating levels of triglycerides and glucose, respectively. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2017-85311-P to M.A., PSI2017-89389-C2-2-R to F.D., PID2020-118825GB-I00 to M.A., PID2020-119978RB-I00 to J.L.C.), CIBERNED (CB06/05/1111 to J.L.C.), the International Center on Aging CENIE-POCTEP (0348_CIE_6_E to M.A.), the Research Program for a Long-Life Society (0551_PSL_6_E to J.L.C.), the Junta de Andalucía (PY20_00858 to J.L.C.), the Andalucía-FEDER Program (UPO-1380913 to J.L.C.), and the Galician Government (ED431-2017/27 to F.D.) with ERDF/FEDER funds. Sí

Este Trabajo Fin de Grado analiza si el ordenamiento jurídico español contiene los mecanismos jurídicos suficientes para imponer (carácter obligatorio) una campaña de vacunación masiva contra la COVID-19. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de las disposiciones normativas que, en aras de proteger la salud pública, dan una respuesta ante situaciones como las crisis sanitarias; fundamentalmente, aquellas que componen la normativa sanitaria y el Derecho de excepción. Además, se determina qué derechos fundamentales protegidos por la Constitución española de 1978 pueden considerarse vulnerados, al igual que se expresan los requisitos necesarios para que la medida se considere constitucional. Una vez realizado dicho estudio, se procede a delimitar esta posibilidad. Por un lado, se explica la inseguridad jurídica de la que adolece el marco normativo y la necesidad de reformarlo, sin perjuicio de razonar qué norma es la más idónea para la finalidad que se pretende conseguir, además de una propuesta para dotarlo de seguridad jurídica. Por otro lado, se comentan cuestiones implícitas a la vacunación, tales como el Plan y el Registro de Vacunación. Finalmente, se tratan las posibles consecuencias que conllevaría la medida, tanto para las personas que se vacunen, como para aquellas que la rechace. This research work analyses the legal mechanisms contained in the Spanish legal system to impose (mandatory) a mass vaccination campaign against COVID-19. To do this, a study is carried out of the regulatory provisions that, in order to protect public health, respond to health crises; fundamentally, those that make up the health regulations and the Law of exception. Furthermore, it is determined which fundamental rights protected by the Spanish Constitution can be considered violated, as well as the necessary requirements for the measure to be considered constitutional. Once this study has been carried out, this possibility must be defined. On the one hand, the legal uncertainty that the legal framework suffers and the need to reform it is explained, without prejudice to reasoning which provision is the most suitable for the purpose it is intended to achieve, in addition to a proposal to provide it with legal certainty. On the other hand, issues implicit in vaccination are discussed, such as the Vaccination Plan and Registry. Finally, it deals with the possible consequences that the measure would entail, both for people who are vaccinated, and for those who reject it.

Una de las principales opciones para la generación de energía a gran escala en el futuro es la Fusión Termonuclear controlada. En este proceso, dos núcleos atómicos de menor masa que el hierro se fusionan liberando energía. Para las centrales nucleares de primera generación, la reacción más sencilla de reproducir y de mayor sección eficaz es la que tiene lugar entre los núcleos de deuterio y tritio (ambos isótopos de hidrógeno). La tasa de reacciones de fusión depende enormemente de la temperatura iónica, siendo necesarias energías en torno a los 10 keV, lo que supone unas temperaturas iónicas cercanas a 110.000.000 K para que la frecuencia de reacción alcance valores significativos. Esto supone la necesidad de mantener la materia reaccionante en estado de plasma extremadamente energético derivando, además, en extraordinarias dificultades tecnológicas para extraer sus partículas y la energía que transportan. El desarrollo comercial de la energía de fusión pasa por la construcción de un reactor de demostración DEMO, capaz de operar el plasma de fusión en condiciones de ignición, durante largos periodos de tiempo, de forma segura y eficiente, pero uno de los problemas más complicados son las extremas condiciones de flujo de partículas y energía incidente en la zona interior de la cámara del plasma. El proyecto OLMAT se generó en respuesta al reto del estudio de materiales alternativos (metales líquidos) bajo esas condiciones. Este PFG se ha centrado en el diseño del sistema de Diagnósticos y Adquisición de Datos para el proyecto OLMAT, utilizando para ello la herramienta de programación LabVIEW® basada en programación gráfica. Como principales objetivos, se han implementado las aplicaciones necesarias para la Adquisición de Datos, el volcado de estos en la Base de Datos General del Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, y comunicaciones entre los distintos sistemas que intervienen en la operación de experimental. El proceso de puesta en servicio junto a la primera campaña experimental, han demostrado que el trabajo llevado a cabo en esta memoria ha sido satisfactorio, cumpliendo los objetivos previamente descritos. Abstract: One the main future options for large scale energy generation is the controlled fusion power. In this process, two atomic nuclei (lighter than iron) fuses generating an enormous amount of energy. The less complex fusion reaction (presenting the more favourable cross section) to be envisioned is the deuterium-tritium (being both heavy hydrogen isotopes) option. The fusion reaction rate deeply depends on the temperature of the constituents. Generally, energies around 10 keV (equivalent to temperatures close to 110 million K) are required to get a significant value of fusion rate among the deuterium-tritium nuclei. To accomplish this, the particles to be fused, must be kept within anextremely energetic plasma, fact that implies extraordinary technological challenges related to the mandatory power and particle exahust handling. The commercial development of magnetic fusion energy follows a pathway where a crucial milestone will be the construction of a demonstration reactor (DEMO) able to operate fusion plasmas at ignition during longer duty cycles in a safe and efficient way. In this scenario, one of the more demanding issues will be to control the extreme conditions associated to the unavoidable energy and particle fluxes expected on the inner surfaces of the plasma chamber. The OLMAT project pursues the study of alternative materials (liquid metals) to be operated under these extreme conditions. This final degree project is focused on the design of the diagnostic and data acquisition systems for the OLMAT project by using LabVIEW® (tool based on graphic programming). As main objectives, the necessary applications for the Data acquisition, uploading to the general data base of the Fusion National Laboratory, as well as the communication between the different systems of the experimental operation were implemented. The commissioning of the OLMAT project in conjunction with its first experimental campaign have demonstrated that the work carried out throughout this final degree project has been satisfactory, thus fulfilling all the previously described technical objectives.

4 páginas.- 1 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 7 referencias.- Póster P4-24 presentado en el Congreso El suelo: clave para una gestión ambiental sostenible en un escenario de cambio global. IX Simposio sobre Control de la Degradación y Recuperación de Suelos CONDEGRES 2021, celebrado entre los días 24 y 25 de mayo de 2021, Los herbicidas pertenecientes a la familia de las fenilureas están considerados como sustancias altamente tóxicas y muy persistentes en suelos. En este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio sobre la capacidad de biodegradación del herbicida diurón en 3 suelos con diferentes propiedades físico-químicas utilizando técnicas de bioaumento, mediante la adición de tres cepas bacterianas formando un consorcio (Advenella kashmirensis, Variovorax soli y Arthrobacter sulfonivorans), bioestimulación, por la adición de nutrientes, y de aumento de la biodisponibilidad de diurón, usando una ciclodextrina (HPBCD) como agente extractante para aumentar la biodisponibilidad del herbicida. En dos de los tres suelos estudiados la bioestimulación de la flora autóctona solo con nutrientes no provocó la degradación del herbicida, y tampoco la adición solo de HPBCD. Por el contrario, en el tercer suelo la flora endógena era capaz de degradar diurón (38%), y la degradación aumentó al añadir la ciclodextrina (48%). Los tratamientos en los que se añadía el consorcio bacteriano llegaron a alcanzar casi el 100% de degradación de diurón, aunque a distintos tiempos de tratamiento según el suelo estudiado. Dada la efectividad del bioaumento con el consorcio degradador específico, la adición simultánea de HPBCD no aportó ninguna ventaja., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Proyecto CTM2017-82472-C2-1-R (cofinanciado por FEDER).

4 páginas.- 1 figuras.- 1 tabla.- 5 referencias.- Poster P1-42 presentado en el Congreso El suelo: clave para una gestión ambiental sostenible en un escenario de cambio global. IX Simposio sobre Control de la Degradación y Recuperación de Suelos CONDEGRES 2021, celebrado entre los días 24 y 25 de mayo de 2021, Un suelo agrícola con textura franco-arcillo-arenosa ha sido contaminado artificialmente con una mezcla de 16 PAHs (de 2 a 6 anillos), considerados como contaminantes prioritarios por la USEPA. Se estudió la biodegradación natural de los PAHs con la microflora endógena del suelo y se comparó con la biodegradación asistida con compuestos que aumentan la solubilidad de PAHs y su biodisponibilidad. Los compuestos utilizados fueron hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina (HPBCD), β-ciclodextrina metilada aleatoriamente (RAMEB) y un biosurfactante (ramnolípido, RL). El suelo presentó la capacidad para disipar naturalmente los PAHs de menor peso molecular (2 y 3 anillos), así como floranteno y pireno (4 anillos), pero no el resto de PAHs de mayor peso molecular. HPBCD y RL mostraron un aumento en la velocidad de biodegradación de estos PAHs, pero, por el contrario, RAMEB retrasó considerablemente su degradación respecto al suelo sin tratamientos. Los PAHs más pesados no sufrieron una biodegradación significativa, lo que podría relacionarse con su alta adsorción a las superficies del suelo y su baja biodisponibilidad, incluso en presencia de los solubilizantes utilizados.

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue determinar los efectos de la tDCS anódica vs placebo, administrada sobre el dlPFC durante la fase de codificación de una tarea de memoria episódica, sobre la tasa de aciertos (TA) y el tiempo de reacción (TR) medidos en las fases de recuerdo inmediato y demorado de la tarea, en un grupo de 23 participantes jóvenes sanos. Se realizó un estudio doble ciego aleatorizado. Los resultados evidenciaron efectos principales significativos para los factores Bloque, Sesión y Demora en la TA y en el TR, pero no para el factor del Grupo. Se encontraron efectos robustos de aprendizaje intrasesión e intersesiones, pero ningún efecto Grupo (tDCS anódica vs placebo) en el rendimiento de la memoria episódica o en los tests neuropsicológicos pre-post intervención. Sin embargo, los participantes que recibieron tDCS anódica mostraron un TR acortado en el intervalo de demora de 24 horas que mantuvieron una semana más tarde, mientras que los que recibieron tDCS placebo no mostraron acortamiento del TR a las 24 horas, pero si un aumento del TR una semana después. Estos resultados podrían indicar un sutil efecto modulador de la tDCS anódica en el decaimiento de la memoria en los intervalos de demora. El protocolo experimental mostró su utilidad potencial para ser utilizado en muestras de participantes mayores sanos o con deterioro cognitivo leve The main aim of the present study was to determine the effects of anodal vs sham tDCS administered over the dlPFC during the encoding phase of an episodic memory task, on the accuracy rate (AR) and reaction time (RT) measured in the immediate and delayed recall phases of the task, in a group of 23 healthy young participants. A randomized double-blind sham-controlled study of tDCS was carried out. The results evidenced significant main effects for factors Block, Session, and Delay on the AR and on RT, but not for the Group factor. Robust intra-session and inter-session learning effects but no Group (anodal vs sham tDCS) effect in episodic memory performance or in pre-post intervention neuropsychological tests were found. However, participants who received anodal tDCS showed shorter RT in the 24 hours delay interval and maintained it one week later, while those who received sham tDCS did not show the 24 hours RT shortening and even showed a RT increase one week later. These results could indicate a subtle modulatory effect of anodal tDCS on memory decay along delay intervals. The experimental protocol showed its potential utility to be used in samples of healthy elderly or mild cognitive impairment participants

Comunicación presentada en el 9th Iberoamerican Congress on Contamination and Environmental Toxicology (CICTA 2021), celebrado en Blumenau (Brasil), del 29 de noviembre al 2 de diciembre de 2021

In the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, subjects report subjective memory complaints (SMCs), although with the absence of any objective decline, and have a higher risk of progressing to dementia than the general population. Early identification of this stage therefore constitutes a major focus of current AD research, to enable early intervention. In this study, healthy adult participants with high and low SMCs (HSMCs and LSMCs) performed a Go/NoGo task during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Relative to LSMC participants, HSMC participants performed the task slower (longer reaction times) and showed changes in the event-related potential (ERP) components associated with response preparation (lower readiness potential -RP- amplitude in the Go condition), and also related to response inhibition processes (lower N2-P3 amplitude in the NoGo condition). In addition, HSMC participants showed lower Go-N2 and NoGo-N2 peak-to-baseline amplitudes, however these results seem to be influenced by a negative tendency overlapping stimulus-related waveforms. The declines observed in this study are mostly consistent with those observed in aMCI participants, supporting the notion of the AD continuum regarding SMC state This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2014-55316-C3-3-R; PSI2017-89389-C2-2-R), with FEDER Funds; the Galician Government, Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Axudas para a Consolidación e Estruturación de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia: GRC (GI-1807-USC); Ref: ED431-2017/27, with FEDER funds; the Galician Government, Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Programa de axudas de apoio á etapa de formación posdoutoral (Xunta de Galicia, 2016); Ref: ED481B2016/078-0 SI

XXVII Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Arcillas, Madrid, 19 de Noviembre de 2021., Nanomaterials with inherent antimicrobial and/or biocidal activity are increasingly demanded in fields such as food packaging, medical devices and water purification systems. Clay minerals are nanostructured materials since one of their dimensions is within the range of 1-100 nm. They can be modified by anchoring biocidal molecules on their surface. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been reported to have antimicrobial activity, that is dependent on their structure and size (Undabeytia, et al., 2014). In the current work, the bactericidal activity of a series of QACs-clay nanocomposites made of QACs differing in their structure was examined, The authors acknowledge to Junta de Andalucía for financial support (grant P18-RT-5098).

4 páginas.-- 3 tablas.-- 6 referencias.-- Póster presentado en el VIII Congreso Ibérico de las Ciencias del Suelo. VIII Congresso Ibérico de Ciências do Solo. DONOSTIA-SAN SEBASTIÁN. 20 - 22 junio 2018..-- El documento completo se encuentra para su descarga en http://www.cics2018.com/libro-de-abstracts/, [EN]: Hazardous waste sites are commonly contaminated with both organic and metal pollutants. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the performance of several cyclodextrins (β-CD derivatives) and the rhamnolipid JBR 425 (RL) on the removal rates of several potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in a soil with a mixed contamination. PTE extraction with all the tested extractants was similar to that obtained with the Ca(NO3)2 background solution alone. However, PTEs extraction by RLs was much higher in the absence of Ca(NO3)2 solution. In the presence of Ca2+, RLs form giant vesicle-like structures which precipitate on specific soil surfaces, decreasing PTEs extraction. However, As was not removed from the soil by any of the extractants used, probably due to its presence in soils as anionic compounds. The availability of PTEs after the extraction treatments was measured. Zn and Cd, the more mobile PTEs, were less available after any treatment; no effect on Cu and Pb availability was observed, probably due to their strong complexes with organic matter; Ni, Cr, and As, those more associated to Fe and Al oxides, increased their availability in soils treated with RLs (25, 50, and 200%, respectively), due to the mobilization of these co-existing metals in the presence of the biosurfactant., [ES]: Hazardous waste sites are commonly contaminated with both organic and metal pollutants. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the performance of several cyclodextrins (β-CD derivatives) and the rhamnolipid JBR 425 (RL) on the removal rates of several potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in a soil with a mixed contamination. PTE extraction with all the tested extractants was similar to that obtained with the Ca(NO3)2 background solution alone. However, PTEs extraction by RLs was much higher in the absence of Ca(NO3)2 solution. In the presence of Ca2+, RLs form giant vesicle-like structures which precipitate on specific soil surfaces, decreasing PTEs extraction. However, As was not removed from the soil by any of the extractants used, probably due to its presence in soils as anionic compounds. The availability of PTEs after the extraction treatments was measured. Zn and Cd, the more mobile PTEs, were less available after any treatment; no effect on Cu and Pb availability was observed, probably due to their strong complexes with organic matter; Ni, Cr, and As, those more associated to Fe and Al oxides, increased their availability in soils treated with RLs (25, 50, and 200%, respectively), due to the mobilization of these co-existing metals in the presence of the biosurfactant., Los autores agradecen a ADIF (Ministerio de Fomento) por las facilidades para el muestreo del suelo contaminado. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (cofinanciado con fondos FEDER) bajo el proyecto de investigación CTM2013-42599-R.

[ES] Una de las manifestaciones más preclaras del neoliberalismo en su aplicación a la construcción de la ciudad lo constituye el urbanismo concesional. En su análisis consideraremos primero la emergencia del neoliberalismo, sus planteamientos ideológicos, económicos y políticos, para estudiar a continuación su traslación al campo urbanístico. Veremos cómo el urbanismo neoliberal pugna por sustituir al consolidado fundamentalmente después de la II Guerra Mundial, el urbanismo reformista, y nos centraremos en uno de sus instrumentos más potentes, la concesión urbanística, acotando nuestro campo de reflexiones a lo ocurrido en el Estado español. Destacaremos cómo en el enfrentamiento por conquistar una posición hegemónica en el sector inmobiliario se enfrentan dos sectores con intereses antagónicos, el de los de los propietarios fundiarios frente a los de los promotores, con fuertes vínculos y dependencia con el capital financiero; y cómo, con avances y retrocesos, la posiciones de estos últimos parecen ir ganando terreno, un ascenso especialmente plasmado en la Ley de Rehabilitación, Regeneración y Renovación Urbanas (2013)., [EN] This article discusses one of the most illustrious manifestations of neoliberalism in its application to the construction of the city: urban development concession. In order to do this, first we shall turn into the emergence of neoliberalism, its political, economic and ideological roots, and then we shall study its application to the urban field. We will see how the neoliberal urbanism strives to replace the urbanism consolidated mainly after World War II, the so-called reformist urbanism, and we will focus on one of its most powerful tools, the urban concession (grants or allowances). Our field of reflections is limited on the Spanish case. We shall highlight how, in the confrontation to conquer a hegemonic position in the real estate and construction market, there are two groups with opposed interests, those of the agrarian land owners confronted with those of the lobby of the promoters, who have strong links and dependence on financial capital. We shall take account of the advances and setbacks in this conflict, although the positions of the latter ones seem to be gaining ground, especially with the approval of the Rehabilitation, Regeneration and Renewal Urban Act in 2013.

Póster presentado en la 6th European Conference on Cyclodextrins. Santiago de Compostela, Oclober 2-4, 2019, Chlorotoluron (3-(3-chloro-p-tolyl)-I,I-dimethylurea) (CHL) is a phenylurea herbicide used to control broadleaf and annual grass weeds in cereal fields. CHL may persist in soil and its leaching to the underlying aquifer may occur for at least 3 years after field treatment, being increasingly common to find the parent compound and its metabolites in groundwater in concentrations exceeding the drinking water threshold limit (0.1 ¡Lg L·!). It is a biologically active pollutant in the environment and exhibits a high toxicity. The aim of this work was to develop an effective bioremediation tool for an enhanced biodegradation of CLH in polluted soils that could increase the chance for a successful decontamination. In this process hydroxypropyl-~-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was tested as extraction agent to improve CLH bioavailability, and was combined with the inoculation of a CLH microbial degrader consortium (bioaugmentation), in order to remove CLH from media getting a successful soil decontamination. Firstly, the effect of HPBCD on CLH desorption from soils was stodied to determine if the herbicide forms inclusion complexes with HPBCD, increasing its solubility and, therefore, its potential bioavailability to be degraded by soil microorganisms. Adsorption-desorption tests were performed in three soils with different organic matter (OM) content (Soill, 0.63%; Soil2, 1.91 %; Soil 3, 3.04%). The percentages of CLH extraeted with only water were related to the amount adsorbed by each soil, that is, the higher the sorption, the lower the pereentage of CLH removed from the soil with water. The pereentages of CLH extracted with HPBCD solutions were always higher than with water. CLH forms an inclusion complex with HPBCD, which acts as an extractant towards the CLH adsorbed on soil surfaee. The higher the OM of the soil and the amount ofCLH adsorbed, the higherthe extraction with HPBCD: Soil3»Soil2>Soil1. CLH biodegradation was always higher when the soils were inoenlated with the CLH degrader mierobial eonsortium than with the soils endogenous flora. However, when HPBCD was applied the behavior of the three soils was different. In Soils 1 and 3 the eonsortium inocnlated was highly effective for CLH degradation, and the addition of HPBCD did not improve it. On the contrary, in Soil 2, when the cyelodextrin is added together with the consortium, 95% CHL was degraded in 15 days, while for the consortium alone the degradation was 75%. In sorne soils (1 and 2) the eompetition between CLH and HPBCD as earbon sources for the soil flora, due to the biodegradability of HPBCD, was also observed. It ean be concluded that the use of HPBCD solution as a bioavailability enhaneer will depend not only on the physieoehemieal properties of the soil to be treated, but also on the behaviour of the endogenous flora present. It is therefore neeessary to earry out preliminary studies before a remediation proeess using eyelodextrins ean be applied to the soil., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (cofunded by FEDER), under the researeh projeet CTM2017-824 72-C2-1-R.

Póster presentado en el 7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019.- El texto se puede ver en http://uest.ntua.gr/heraklion2019/proceedings/proceedings.html, After the progressive implementation of the EU Directives 91/271/EEC and 98/15/EEC concerning urban wastewater treatment, many countries have increased the number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and large amounts of sewage sludge are generated which require disposal. A useful and interesting option is the production of compost and the direct application of stabilised sludge to land. It has positive effects on soil, such as modification of soil structure and addition of organic matter and nutrients for plants, but there are potential hazards in this practice, such as spread of pathogens, odours, heavy metals and persistent organic contaminants. The use of sewage sludge in agriculture is regulated by the European Union¿s Council Directive 86/278/EEC, but it has not yet established maximum values for organic contaminants. However, the third draft of a working document on sludge to revise this Directive (EC 2010), although not being a formal regulation, limits the values for some organic compounds, such as some PAHs and nonylphenols (maximum concentration limits 6 and 450 mg kg-1 dry matter). PAHs are formed and released into the environment as by-products of incomplete combustions through natural and man-made sources (Morillo et al. 2007). They are highly toxic, present high persistence in the environment, low biodegradability and high lipophilicity. PAHs enter to wastewater-treatment plants through the sewerage and are almost completely concentrated in sludge because of their poor solubility in water and high adsorption capacity on solid particles. NP is a biotransformation product of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEOs), an important group of non-ionic surfactants that are widely used in many commercial and household functions (detergents, cosmetic products, textiles). Due to its formation in sewer system, NP is commonly detected in influent wastewater of sewage treatment plants. NP causes estrogenic responses on aquatic organisms and it was listed as a priority substance in the Water Framework Directive (EU, 2001). Different methods are being proposed to remove PAHs and NPs from contaminated sewage sludge. Among these techniques, biological ones, based on their degradation by microorganisms are considered cost effective and environmentally friendly. However, the sequestration of these compounds in the sludge matrix declines their bioavailability and reduces the biodegradation of the contaminants. The reduction of bioavailability can be avoided with the use of amendments that increase the solubility of the contaminants. Recently, biogenic compounds as cyclodextrins (CDs) or biosurfactants (BSs) have been used in environmental applications, because they increase the solubility of hydrophobic organic contaminants (Morillo and Villaverde, 2017). CDs form inclusion complexes with a wide range of guest hydrophobic molecules, which are located in the interior cavity of the CDs. The hydrophilic properties of the outer zone of the CDs solubilize the resulting complex, increasing its bioavailability. CDs are formed by glucose monomers, so microorganisms could also use CDs as a biostimulant. Biosurfactants are also biodegradable compounds produced by bacteria or yeast, and also from plants and animals. Their amphiphilic properties reduce interfacial tension and increase solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds. Rhamnolipids (RLs) are a type of BSs synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to their special hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties, RLs have enhanced PAH extractability from soils (Madrid et al., 2019). The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of several CDs and a RL on the removal of Pyrene, Phenanthrene and Nonylphenol from several sewage sludge samples from different WWTPs located in Sevilla (Spain) and from a composted sludge., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), under the research project CTM2017-82472-C2-1-R.

Artículo original sobre el impacto de la cirugía de senos paranasales en la función pulmonar de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica y asma, publicado en Revista de Medicina Clínica volumen 3, número 1 de 2019.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: Que los pacientes no siempre sigan las indicaciones médicas es un problema de salud pública, que tiene implicaciones sobre los cuidados de salud y el coste de los servicios sanitarios. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de no adhesión al tratamiento pautado en adultos en un Servicio de Urgencias Hospitalarias (SUH), así como identificar los factores que influyen en ello para instaurar así medidas de mejora. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo, mediante una cohorte de personas adultas que acudieron al SUH. De cada persona se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes, tratamientos crónicos y diagnóstico y tratamiento al alta. Se evaluaron, por medio de encuesta, la no adhesión primaria y secundaria (test de Morisky-Green adaptado a Urgencias), y se relacionó con los factores recogidos empleando análisis multivariable. Resultados: Se detectó una no adhesión del 36,6% (IC95%=30,0-43,8). Fueron más adherentes las personas con antecedente de enfermedad endocrina (RR=11,2; IC95%=2,1-60,8) y las que al alta fueron diagnosticadas de contusiones, esguinces o fracturas (RR=2,9; IC95%=1,1-7,8), o de algún problema oftalmológico (RR=9,8; IC95%=1,1-89,6). También fueron más adherentes los que al alta recibieron tratamiento antibiótico (RR=5,4; IC95%=2,4-11,9) o recibieron suficientes explicaciones (RR=3,5; IC95%=1,0-13,2). Fueron menos adherentes los pacientes con tratamiento analgésico o antinflamatorio (RR=0,4; IC95%=0,2-0,9). Conclusiones: Los resultados aportan información sobre la adhesión en patologías agudas en Urgencias. El ser diabético y el acudir debido a un problema oftalmológico o traumatológico son predictores de una mayor adhesión. En las personas con tratamiento antibiótico se observa una mayor adhesión, aunque todavía son necesarios esfuerzos para mejorar la situación, ya que un 20% no realizó adecuadamente el tratamiento. Se observa una importante falta de adhesión a los tratamientos con analgésicos o antiinflamatorios. A la vista de nuestros resultados, parece fundamental una buena comunicación. Es necesario sensibilizar a los profesionales para que tengan en cuenta las inquietudes y deseos del paciente acerca de la medicación, así como realizar esfuerzos dirigidos a mejorar la legibilidad del informe de alta y de las prescripciones.

Póster presentado en el 7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019.- El texto se puede ver en http://uest.ntua.gr/heraklion2019/proceedings/proceedings.html, Nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol mono (NP1EO) and diethoxylates (NP2EO; referred as NPE) are used as nonionic surfactants in a large variety of industrial and domestic applications. Although the use of NPEs has been banned under Council Directive 2003/53/EC (European Union 2003), their environmental presence and risk is still high because of its historical and pervasive widespread use. In the waste water treatments plants (WWTPs) the biodegradation of NPEs leads to an increase in the concentration of NP, much more hydrophobic. As a consequence, NP has high affinity for sludge flocs, and is recalcitrant to wastewater and sludge treatment. This is why NP is the main alkylphenol associated with sewage sludge (90%; Soares et al. 2008). Sewage sludge is rich in organic matter and nutrients, and can be utilized in land applications as fertilizer, soil conditioner and composting material. NP in sludge may harm the environment due to its endocrine disrupting properties. It can be accumulated in agricultural soils and contaminate surface water and groundwater, and even concentrate in plants and animals. Different methods have been proposed to remove organic contaminants from sewage sludge (Semblante et al., 2015), such as ozonation, Fenton treatment, UV oxidation, ultrasonication or thermal treatment, but these are expensive treatments. On the contrary, bioaugmentation, which is a procedure that involves the addition of exogenous or endogenous microorganisms to enhance the biodegradation of contaminants, is being considered as a relatively cheap and ecological treatment to further improve organic contaminants biodegradation in sewage sludge and biosolids. The aim of this work was to add NP amendments on sewage sludge to obtain degrading bacterial consortia, and then to isolate bacteria from the NP enrichment cultures in order to test for their ability to degrade it, in a search for strains appropriated for bioremediation uses. The better NP-degrading bacteria obtained will be tested for NP biodegradation in solution and on sewage sludge. The final objective of this research is to use specific NP-degrading bacteria during the period of sewage sludge composting to reduce the NP content in the final biosolids obtained., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), under the research project CTM2017-82472-C2-1-R

Póster presentado en el 11º Congreso Ibérico y 8º Iberoamericano de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Madrid 11-13 de julio de 2018, The aim of this paper was to study the effect of the addition of ß-cyclodextrin derivatives (CDs) on the mobility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) spiked on a soil in laboratory conditions. The soil selected was contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) due to the holding dam burst at the Los Frailes mine in Aznalcóllar in 1998, to simulate a co-contaminated soil. CDs are biodegradable agents capable to increase PAHs solubility, and, therefore, their biodegradability, in order to remediate the soil. Nevertheless, possible PTEs mobility and availability increases due to CDs addition has to be also controlled in co-contaminated soils in order to avoid soil toxicity and/or leaching and consecuently groundwater contamination. Leaching column tests (12 cm height) were conducted to check whether the addition of two cyclodextrins (Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, HP-ß-CD, and randomly methylated-ß-cyclodextrin, RAMEB) affected the mobility of PAHs and PTEs. Only some PAHs (2-, 3- and 4-rings) leached along the columns and were detected in leachates with both CDs, but with higher contents for HPBCD than RAMEB (0.12-14.1% and 0.05-3.18% of the total content reespectively). These PAHs have been solubilized and mobilized by the formation of an inclusion complexes with the CDs because of the appropriate size and shape of these compounds relative to those of the hydrophobic cavities of the CDs studied. The availability of the PAHs remaining in soil at the end of the assays decreased with the use of CDs, probably because the more labile content of these pollutants have been leached as soluble complex with the CDs. The highest values of PAHs availability were obtained for 2- and 3-rings PAHs. The higher molecular weight that were not mobilised by the CDs were not also bioavailable and, therefore, they are not potentially toxic to the environment. Study of the evolution of PTEs in the leachate did not showed significant mobility in the presence of CDs, both in the original soil and in the PAHs spiked soil, with the exception of Cu with RAMEB which leached although in low proportion. The complexing capacity of Cu with dissolved organic matter could be responsible of this result. Due to the mobility of Cu in the presence of RAMEB, special attention should be paid to this aspect in order to avoid a toxicity of the extract that could affect the microorganisms responsible of the biodegradation of PAHs. PTEs availability (EDTA extraction method) at the end of the assay it is not affected by the use of CDs. We conclude that the use of these CDs, but especially HPBCD, can be a useful tool for the recovery of soil co-contaminated with PAHs and PTEs as it increases the availability and mobility of PAHs, with minimal influence on PTEs, which could help make PAHs more accesible to microorganisms, and, through microbial biodegradation, remove these pollutants from soil., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), under the research project CTM2013- 2599-R.

Comunicación oral presentada en el VIII International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology - BioMicroWorld2018 Book of Abstracts Torremolinos-Málaga (Spain), 24-25 May 2018, The phenylurea herbicides are one of the most important and used in the world and are probably the most widely distributed contaminants in the environment. Several researchers have focused on degradation of pesticide by microorganisms. In this work, an isolated strain in our laboratory from a highly contaminated industrial site Advenella sp. JRO, has been employed for phenylurea herbicides biodegradation, in particular, diuron, linuron, chlorotoluron, isoproturon and fluometuron. All phenylureas were metabolized by Advenella sp. JRO, in a percent of biotransformation after 60 days of 58.3%, 40.0%, 39%, 59% and 15.2% for diuron, isoproturon, linuron, fluometuron and chlorotoluron respectively. 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) has been described as main metabolite of diuron and linuron and is considered as highly toxic to different micro- and macroorganisms. Hence, Advenella sp. JRO was tested in our laboratory to remove it, reaching an extent of 3,4-DCA biodegradation of about 98.1% after 14 days where DT50 was 2 days.

El objetivo de este trabajo es la definición y análisis de estrategias de comportamiento diseñadas para el control de enjambres de robots terrestres, con la finalidad de cumplimentar tareas de recolección de recursos (“foraging”) distribuidos en un área determinada. Las estrategias serán evaluadas mediante la simulación intensiva sobre un simulador adaptado a tal fin.

Póster presentado en el 11º Congreso Ibérico y 8º Iberoamericano de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Madrid 11-13 de julio de 2018, An enhanced bioremediation strategy was applied to a former industrial co-contaminated soil with high Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) content and Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) aged for decades. The main fraction of hydrocarbons in soil was 4-rings PAHs, probably because the lower molecular weight PAHs fraction (2- and 3-rings) had already dissipated since industrial activities finished. Aging process has led to a low bioavailability of the PAHs fraction still present in the soil, preventing its degradation. Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and a natural mixture of two rhamnolipids (RL), biodegradable compounds capable of increasing hydrophobic compounds bioavailability, combined with a potential pyrene degrader microbial consortium (MC) of microorganisms were added to decontaminate the soil. Degradation rates were PAH dependent. Best dissipation results were obtained for 4-ring PAHs, mainly pyrene (48.2 %) and fluoranthene (56.8 %), in the presence of HPBCD with MC, whereas RL addition did not show degradation improvement in any situation. Dissipation results for 5-ring PAHs are in general very low, with small increases in presence of HPBCD (range 12-21%). This agrees with their very low bioavailable content. Dissipation results for 6-ring PAHs were negligible for all treatments, what also agree with their bioavailable content. Unlike PAHs, PTE cannot be degraded during incubation, so differences in their contents are not expected, but differences in availability could be observed due to the different treatments applied. HPBCD addition increased their availability (day 1), but at the end of the incubation, PTE availability generally decreased to values more similar to those of the unamended soil. In this way, it is not expected that HPBCD may mobilize PTE during PAHs bioremediation, preventing groundwater contamination. Otherwise, RL augmented PTE availability at the end of the incubation. It would be a limiting aspect to control in order to use RL in this co-contaminated soil. Toxicity of the soil extracts towards Aliivibrio fischeri confirms the high pollution rate of this soil. Comparing both amendments (HPBCD and RL), toxicity were higher for the RL treatments, what agree with the absence of dissipation results obtained in these treatments. Toxicity diminished at the end of the incubation, probably due to the biodegradability of the amendments. In summary, HPBCD is a feasible amendment to increase PAHs availability in order to accelerate their biodegradation but not the mobility of PTE in co-contaminated soils. On contrary, RL addition, although also increased PAHs biovailability, is not a feasible amendment because it increased toxicity towards soil microorganisms, preventing PAHs biodegradation., Study supported by Spanish MINECO (co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), under the research project CTM2013-42599-R.

4 páginas.-- 2 figuras.--2 tablas.-- 6 referencias.-- Comunicación oral presentada en el VIII Congreso Ibérico de las Ciencias del Suelo. VIII Congresso Ibérico de Ciências do Solo. DONOSTIA-SAN SEBASTIÁN. 20 - 22 junio 2018..-- El documento completo se encuentra para su descarga en http://www.cics2018.com/libro-de-abstracts/, [EN]: Trifluralin is an herbicide highly persistent with a strong adsorption capacity on soil particles. This compound is considered highly toxic to the environment and is included in the list of priority contaminants drawn up by European Commission (Directive 2008/105/EC), being its use as herbicide forbidden in the European zone. Although it is a fotosensitive molecule, when it reaches the soil becomes a very persistent compound, being in this case, biodegradation its principal dissipation path in soil. In this work, different bioremediation techniques are considered for application on an agricultural soil artificially contaminated with trifluralin. These techniques consist in bioaugmentation, using a microbial degrading consortium formed by different organohalogenated compounds-degrading bacterial strains, and/or cyclodextrin application as hydrosolubility enhancer compound and biostimulant for the soil endogenous flora potentially degrader of trifluralin. From the obtained results, it was concluded that both proposed bioremediation techniques were proved to be efficient, provoking a drastic increasing in herbicide biodegradation rate in soil, achieving a dissipation of the 50% of the trifluralin initially presents in the soil (DT50) in a period of less than 19 days when only cyclodextrin was used, and less than 4 days when a specific degrader consortium was employed, [ES]: Trifluralin is an herbicide highly persistent with a strong adsorption capacity on soil particles. This compound is considered highly toxic to the environment and is included in the list of priority contaminants drawn up by European Commission (Directive 2008/105/EC), being its use as herbicide forbidden in the European zone. Although it is a fotosensitive molecule, when it reaches the soil becomes a very persistent compound, being in this case, biodegradation its principal dissipation path in soil. In this work, different bioremediation techniques are considered for application on an agricultural soil artificially contaminated with trifluralin. These techniques consist in bioaugmentation, using a microbial degrading consortium formed by different organohalogenated compounds-degrading bacterial strains, and/or cyclodextrin application as hydrosolubility enhancer compound and biostimulant for the soil endogenous flora potentially degrader of trifluralin. From the obtained results, it was concluded that both proposed bioremediation techniques were proved to be efficient, provoking a drastic increasing in herbicide biodegradation rate in soil, achieving a dissipation of the 50% of the trifluralin initially presents in the soil (DT50) in a period of less than 19 days when only cyclodextrin was used, and less than 4 days when a specific degrader consortium was employed, Este trabajo pudo llevarse a cabo gracias a la financiación del Ministerio de Economía y competitividad (cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), a través del proyecto de investigación CTM2013-42599-R y de la Junta de Andalucía a través del proyecto RNM 894

El propósito de la siguiente investigación consiste en analizar los factores externos que influyen en la práctica de actividad física de pre-adolescentes de dos grupos socioeconómicos (ABC1 y DE). La muestra se realizó con escolares de 11 y 12 años, pertenecientes a cursos de sexto y séptimo básicos pertenecientes a establecimientos municipales y privados de la V región, participando un total de 224 escolares (108 municipales y 116 particulares). La recolección de datos se realizó a través de encuestas y fue completada con focus group, cuya función buscó definir un perfil de actividad física (AF) de acuerdo a cuatro factores (familia, colegio, infraestructura y entorno). Como resultado, la mayoría de los pre-adolescente se encuentra en un perfil sedentario activo teniendo una percepción positiva sobre la AF en ambos grupos socioeconómicos. Según los hallazgos, los factores más influyentes son el familiar y el colegio incidiendo de diferente manera según el grupo socioeconómico que pertenece. La investigación contribuye a la identificación de los factores externos que más influyen en la práctica o no de actividad física por parte de los pre-adolescentes. The purpose of the following research is to analyze the external factors that influence the physical activity practice of pre-adolescents of two socioeconomic groups (ABC1 and DE). The sample was made with schoolchildren of 11 and 12 years, belonging to sixth and seventh grade courses of municipal and private establishments of the V region, involving a total of 224 schoolchildren (108 municipal and 116 individuals). The data collection was carried out through surveys and was completed with focus group, whose function sought to define a physical activity profile (AP) according to four factors (family, school, infrastructure and environment). As a result, the majority of pre-adolescents are in an active sedentary profile with a positive perception of physical activity in both socioeconomic groups. According to the findings, the most influential factors are the family and the school influencing differently according to the socioeconomic group that belongs. The research contributes to the identification of external factors that most influence the practice or not of physical activity by pre-adolescents.

This work was supported by Bioiberica, Diafarm, and Heel and was produced in conjunction with the following organizations and institutions: the Spanish Society for Sports Traumatology (SETRADE), the Spanish Society of Sports Medicine (SEMED), the Spanish Association of Medical Services for Football Clubs (AEMEF), the Spanish Association of Medical Services for Basketball Clubs (AEMB), F.C. Barcelona, and Clı´nica CEMTRO., Fernandez-Jaén, T., Rey, G.Á., Angulo, F., Cuesta, J.A., Loureda, R.A., Espanña, F.Á., Ayala, J., Matas, R.B., Pazos, F.B., De Dios Beas Jiménez, J., Rosell, J.C., Fernandez, C.C., Del Pilar Doñoro Cuevas, M., Ros, F.E., Colmenero, J.E., De Prado, J.F., García Cota, J.J., Garrido González, J.I., De Vega, C.G., Santander, M.G., Herrador Munilla, M.Á., Ruiz, F.I., Díaz, F.J., Fernandez, A.M., Marqueta, P.M., Muñoz Benito, J.J., Vilás, R.O., Pedret, C., Teres, X.P., Amaro, J.P., Grifell, J.P., San Roque, J.P., Parenteu, C.R., Serna, J.R., Font, G.R., Álvarez, M.S., Marchori, C.S., Perez, L.T., Durán, R.U., del Valle Soto, M., Villalón Alonso, J.M., García, P.G.

Biochar may act as a soil conditioner, enhancing plant growth by supplying and retaining nutrients and by providing other services such as improving soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Feedstock properties and production conditions drive the nature of produced biochars [1]. Special attention have to be paid to their content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are persistent organic pollutants formed during biochar production due to incomplete combustion (pyrolysis step) [2]. These PAHs may enter the environment when the biochar is applied as soil conditioner. Therefore, the intention of this study was to test a potential hazardous impact of biochar amendment due to the presence of PAHs. In order to find a relationship between pyrolysis conditions, feedstock and abundance of PAHs, four biochars produced from different feedstock were analyzed. Three biochars were produced by technical pyrolysis (500-600 ºC; 20 min) from wood, paper sludge and sewage sludge respectively (samples B1, B2 and B3). The fourth biochar sample derived from old grapevine wood by using the traditional carbonization method in kilns (kiln-stack wood biochar; B4). A detailed characterization of physical and chemical properties of these samples can be found in De la Rosa et al, [3]. Two different PAHs extraction techniques were applied to evaluate the total and available PAHs content of the biochars. They consisted in an extraction with toluene using a Soxhlet extractor and a non-exhaustive extraction with Cyclodextrins (CDs). Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions applied are described in [1]. Total PAHs yielded between 3 ppm (B3) and 7 (B4) ppm. The production of biochar by using traditional kilns instead of controlled pyrolysis, increased significantly the total PAHs levels. No direct relationship was found between the total PAHs and the PAHs extracted by CDs, which can be considered as the bioavailable fraction. This parameter should replace the total PAHs to determine the real hazardous impact of the use of biochar as soil amendment., J.M. de la Rosa thanks The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) for his “Ramón y Cajal” post-doctoral contract. MINECO, the European Regional Development Fund and the Marie Curie Integration Grants of 7th European Community Framework Programme are thanked for the financial support to this study (projects CGL2015-64811-P and PCIG12-GA-2012-333784).

Creosote has been used as wood preservatives worldwide. Former wood preservation facilities are ofien highly eontaminated due to practices such as the use of unlined wood treatment celIs, disposal of wastes in unlined lagoons and long-term dripping of preservatives from treated timber onto site soils. Creosote, produced from the high temperature carbonization of bituminous coal, is a eomplex mixture of over 200 eompounds, predominantly PAHs (about 85% ofthe creosote eomposition) as welI as phenolic compounds (10%) and nitrogen-, sulphuror oxygen-containing heterocycles (5%). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of human health concern due to their known genotoxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effeets. On the other hand, other compounds used for wood protection include sorne potentialIy toxic elements (EPT). This is the reason why soil EPT total and available contents of sorne facilities are high, especialIy in the ease of Cr, Zn, Cu and As. This study is focussed on a creosote contaminated soil where railway sleepers were impregnated with creosote to preserve and waterproof these wooden structures. Besides P AHs content, EPTs were also present. This results in a mixed organie-inorganic eontamination that makes difficult the selection of an adequate remediation treatment. Even more, another peculiarity shown by the soil under study is the low percentage of low molecular weight PAHs, which is an added difficulty for selecting an appropriate decontamination method. Biological treatment is the preferred technology for remediation of wood-treatment contaminated soil due to its low cost and represents an environmentalIy friendly alternative since the organic components may be completely mineralized to C02 and H20. However, due to their low aqueous solubility, high hydrophobicity and strong sorption to soil, biological remediation can be limited by the bioavailability of soil-bound P AHs, which is increased by the long ageing of the contamination in soils. Sorne extractants such as cyclodextrins (CDs) and rhamnolipids have been proposed as alternative non-toxic agents to enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic compounds, thus increasing their availability for biodegradation. In the most recent reviews about technologies for soil PAH remediation using extraetants no references to studies on the extraction of the 16 EPA P AHs and EPTs from real aged contaminated soils are included. Therefore, the objeetives of the present study were (i) to thoroughly analyse a real creosote contaminated soil to determine its P AH content and the presence of potentialIy toxic elements; Oi) to evaluate the abilities of a rhamnolipid (JBR 425) and several eyclodextrins: a natural CD (p-cyelodextrin), and three chemicalIy modified CDs (HP-P-CD, RAMEB and HP-y-CD), to extract the 16 EPA-PAHs; Oii) to evaluate the effect of these treatments on the availability of EPTs, which could inerease their mobility and endanger groundwater quality. The study concludes the high potential of rhamnolipids to extract PAHs from soil.

RESUMEN: El objetivo principal de este trabajo es obtener posibles mejoras susceptibles de implantarse en Europa en materia de refugiados. Para ello, hemos realizado una comparativa entre la Unión Europea y Canadá. Para trazar las diferencias y paralelismos entre ambos modelos políticos aplicados en dicha materia, y teniendo en cuenta la suma complejidad que entraña la Unión dada la diversidad de sus países miembros; hemos escogido tres de ellos como son Alemania, Suecia, y España para simplificar el análisis. El proceso seguido para alcanzar el objetivo marcado ha sido el siguiente. Comenzaremos con un estudio del contexto que provocó esta crisis, así como del perfil que tienen los refugiados y cómo se han distribuido, para continuar analizando la manera de proceder de la Unión Europa, tanto de manera conjunta, como específica, centrándonos en tres países muy dispares que usaremos como ejemplo. Posteriormente, propondremos un modelo econométrico que nos permita analizar cómo influyen una serie de factores en la distribución de las solicitudes de asilo que llegan a los países que componen la UE de los 28. Por último, nos adentraremos en el modelo canadiense, y para ello lo primero que haremos será analizar el contexto, tanto histórico como socio-económico de este país, para gracias a este primer acercamiento ver las diferencias que presenta este país con respecto a los países que componen Unión Europa y las posibles causas de los distintos modelos de acogida y posteriormente con un profundo conocimiento del plan de acogida canadiense, y una vez analizado sus virtudes y defectos, llevar a cabo una comparativa con el plan de acogida realizado en Europa para determinar los puntos a incorporar del modelo canadiense, y con ello llegar a logran una política efectiva en este ámbito. ABSTRACT: The main objective of this thesis is to obtain possible improvements to be implemented in Europe in the field of the refugees’ legislation. To this end, we have made a comparison between the European Union and Canada. Considering the complexity involved in the Union, given the diversity of its members countries, we have selected three of them; such as Germany, Sweden and Spain, to simplify the analysis. The procedure used in order to accomplish this, has been the following: Firstly, we will start studying the context that caused the refugees’ crisis, how these refugees have been organized among the countries mentioned and which their profiles are. Also, how the European Union proceeded on a global scale, as well as on three specific ones, will be evaluated. Secondly, we will propose an econometric model that allows us analyze how a series of factors influence the distribution of the asylum policies that reach the countries that make up the EU of the 28. In addition to this, we will take a deeper look into the Canadian model. And for this, the first thing we will do, it will be to analyze both historical and socio-economic contexts. Thanks to this, we will be able to see the differences between this model and the European one, and the possible causes that make these asylum models different from one another. Finally, having a deeper knowledge of the Canadian refugee protection programs, and once analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of it. We will carry out a comparison of this model and the one conducted in Europe, in order to determine the measures to be adopted from the Canadian model. And thereby, achieving an effective policy in this area. Grado en Economía

Uno de los objetivos del TFG es poner en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos a los largo del grado de FICO; así pues, este trabajo evalúa o estudia la viabilidad de un proyecto empresarial utilizando herramientas o métodos vistos en el grado. Viendo la población actual en España y su futuro envejecimiento, he decidido como proyecto empresarial una residencia de ancianos. Se llevara a cabo en Alhama de Aragón y se estudiara su entorno económico mediante el análisis PESTEL, fuerzas de Porter y DAFO entre otras, para conocer la situación actual del sector. El trabajo se centra en el análisis económico y por ello tendremos en cuenta todos los costes necesarios para la elaboración del proyecto como las estrategias de marketing, los reglamentos y medidas necesarias establecidas por ley, la forma jurídica elegida, así como, los trámites a seguir para el comienzo de la actividad. Por último y como finalidad del trabajo hacer un estudio económico del proyecto mediante las inversiones y financiación necesaria, además de las previsiones de ingresos y gastos, junto a los flujos de caja que tendría el proyecto y ver su rentabilidad con algunos parámetros estudiados como el VAN y TIR, complementándolo con la sensibilidad para tomar la decisión final de su viabilidad.

Póster presentado en el 9th European Conference on Pesticides and Related Organic Micropollutants in the Environment and 15th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides 4 al 7 de Octubre de 2016 en Santiago de Compostela (España), The objective of the present paper was to investigate the mutual effect of the PAHs fluorene and pyrene on their respective biodegradation and dissipation processes on an agricultural soil, and the effect of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), used to increase their bioavailabity, on such processes. Fluorene dissipation was mainly due to abiotic processes, although a small biodegradation was also observed. Fluorene bioavailability did not increase in the presence of HPBCD. On the contrary, pyrene dissipation mainly depended on biotic factors, with endogenous soil microorganisms capable to degrade it. In this case, the presence of HPBCD increased pyrene biodegradation rate. Co-contamination of the soil with both PAHs did not affect fluorene evolution, but inhibited substantially pyrene biodegradation.

[EN]: Phytoextraction of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) is a friendly soil restoration technique. It is environmentally attractive because excavation and soil transportation are not needed. Furthermore, plant use usually have a positive impact on the landscape. Nevertheless, low bioavailability of most PTEs, reduce drastically its real application in soil contamination. This research shows preliminary results of the addition of rhamnolipids to two Cu contaminated soils to increase metal availability, in order to get better results in soil phytoextraction. This technique is known as chelate assisted phytoextraction. Rhamnolipids are natural compounds showing low toxicity and biosurfactant characteristics. In this research a positive effect of rhamnolipids application (1 g kg-1 soil) on soil Cu extraction by two different crops (barley and Indian mustard) have not been observed. Similarly, increases in Cu soil bioavailability neither have been observed. It seems to indicate that the effect of rhamnolipids on the increases of Cu extractable content are not enough for using them as chelating agents to improve soil phytoextraction of Cu contaminated soils. [ES]: La fitoextracción de elementos potencialemente tóxicos (EPTs) es una técnica de recuperación de suelos medioambientalmente atractiva debido a que no precisa de excavaciones y transporte del suelo. Además, el uso de plantas hace que visualmente afecte muy poco al paisaje. Sin embargo la baja biodisponibilidad de los EPTs, hace que su aplicación sea muy reducida en suelos reales contaminados. Este trabajo presenta los estudios preliminares de la adición de ramnolípidos a 2 suelos con distintas propiedades contaminados con Cu para aumentar la disponibilidad del metal, y así incrementar la efectividad de la fitoextracción. Esta técnica se denomina fitoextracción asistida por quelatos. Los ramnolípidos son compuestos naturales de baja toxicidad con características biosurfactantes. En este ensayo no se ha encontrado un efecto positivo de la aplicación de ramnolípidos a una dosis de 1 g kg-1 en la capacidad de acumulación de Cu de dos cultivos, cebada y mostaza parda, así como tampoco se ha observado efecto incrementando la disponibilidad de metales en suelo. Esto parece indicar que el efecto de los ramnolípidos en el aumento de la capacidad de extracción de Cu en suelo es insuficiente para ser aplicados como sustancias que favorezcan la eficacia de la fitorecuperación asistida de Cu en suelos contaminados. 4 páginas.-- 1 figuras.-- 7 tabla.-- 3 referencias:-- Póster presentado en el >VII Congresso Ibérico das Ciências do Solo (CICS 2016)> y >VI Congresso Nacional de Rega e Drenagem> que decorreu no Instituto Politécnico de Beja de 13 a 15 de Setembro de 2016. Livro de Actas do VII Congresso Ibérico das Ciências do Solo (CICS2016) / VI Congresso Nacional de Rega e Drenagem, 13-15 de Setembro de 2016, El presente estudio ha sido realizado en el marco del proyecto CTM2013-42599-R financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España.

La situación de aprendizaje intenta desvelar elementos y personajes fundamentales en la historia pasada del centro. Para lograr esto se resuelve el enigma que encierra el árbol de la higuera. Dicho árbol se plantó en el primer año de inauguración del centro y fue injertado, por un familiar de un antiguo alumno, mitad higos y mitad brevas. El árbol recibe al alumnado en el mes de septiembre con higos y se despide en el mes de junio con brevas (septiembre-junio periodo escolar), aplicando la famosa frase de la cultura popular (…de higos a brevas…), para designar “períodos extraordinarios” en nuestras vidas. A partir de ella se plantea la posibilidad de conocer con mayor profundidad el centro escolar y las diferentes personas que interactúan en él. Se pretende desarrollar la capacidad para comunicar emociones y sentimientos a través de diferentes lenguajes e identificar y valorar la capacidad para reconocer expresiones. Se observan distintos momentos de la vida del centro y para ello se incluyen actividades que permitan poner al alumnado en contacto con diferentes agentes y personalidades relacionadas con el centro. La intervención que desde esta situación se plantea para las NEAE, supone una ayuda integrada en el aula y con una propuesta de ayuda diferenciada para la propuesta de secuenciación de actividades, si fuera necesario. La familia será integrada en los términos propuestos en la programación didáctica y supondrá un agente colaborador necesario en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Se integra también el Día mundial de la alfabetización (8 de septiembre), para destacar la importancia de las escuelas. ESP

Póster presentado en el la XVI Reunión Científica de la Sociedad Española de Cromatografía y Técnicas Afines (SECyTA2016) P‐ENV‐2, Eds: González-Pérez, José Antonio.-- Almendros Martín, Gonzalo.-- González-Vila, Francisco Javier.-- Rosa Arranz, José M. de la, Biochar may act as a soil conditioner, enhancing plant growth by supplying and retaining nutrients and by providing other services such as improving soil physical and biological properties. Different feedstock, such as organic waste derived from agriculture and forestry or urban wastes including sewage sludge, can be used for biochar production. Feedstock properties and production conditions will drive the properties and composition of produced biochars [1]. Special attention should be paid to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), these persistent organic pollutants are highly condensed aromatic structures formed during biochar production due to incomplete combustion (pyrolysis step) [2]. These PAHs may enter the environment when the biochar is applied as soil conditioner, thus the intention of this study was to test a potential hazardous impact due to the presence of PAHs in biochars. Two different PAHs extraction techniques were applied to evaluate the total and available PAHs content in biochars. In order to find a relationship between pyrolysis conditions, feedstock and abundance of PAHs, four biochars produced from different feedstock were analyzed. Three biochars were produced by technical pyrolysis (500‐600 ºC; 20 min) from wood, paper sludge and sewage sludge respectively (samples B1, B2 and B3). The fourth biochar was made from old grapevine wood provided by Bodegas Torres Company (Spain) and using the traditional carbonization method in kilns (kiln‐stack wood biochar; B4). A detailed characterization of these samples can be found in [3]. Exhaustive extraction: The total concentrations of the 16 US EPA PAHs were determined by extracting the biochars during 12h under continuum reflux with 100% toluene. Analysis of PAHs was carried out on an Agilent GC/MS 6890/5973i by on‐column injection of 1 μL of the extract. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions applied are described in [1]. Non‐Exhaustive extraction: Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been proposed as alternative agents to enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic compounds. CDs have a low‐polarity cavity within which organic compounds of the appropriate shape and size can form inclusion complexes [4]. The selected CD was hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD (HPBCD), which has been widely used for this purpose in contaminated soils. ild extractions were performed using an 50 mM HPBCD solution as extractant containing 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 as background electrolyte and 200 mg L−1 HgCl2 to prevent bacterial growth. Biochar samples (2 g) were placed in glass tubes containing 20 mL of extractant, and the tubes were placed on an orbital shaker at 100 rpm during 24 hours. Total PAHs yielded between 3167 (B3) and 6626 (B4) μg kg‐1. The PAHs concentration of B4 was a 50% higher than B1. Taking into account that both biochars (B1 and B4) are produced from wood, it can be concluded that the pyrolysis process of B4, which was produced by carbonization in traditional kilns, affected significantly the total PAHs levels. The non‐exhaustive extraction procedure resulted in closer abundances of PAHs, which ranged from 978 (B3) to 1585 (B1) μgkg‐1. These data pointed that c. 15‐35% of total PAHs present in biochars are extracted by CDs, and this amount could be considered as the fraction actually bioavailable. This parameter shoud be taken into account to determine the potential hazardous impact of the use of biochar as soil amendment., [1] J.M. De la Rosa et al., J. Soils and Sediments 16 (2016) 557‐565. [2] T. Bucheli et al. (eds) Biochar for Environmental Management (2nded.), Earthscan, London, UK. (2015) [3] J.M. De la Rosa et al., Science of the Total Environment 499 (2014) 175‐184 [4] H. Dodziuk, Cyclodextrins and Their Complexes: Chemistry, Analytical Methods and Applications. Wiley‐VCH Gmbh & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (2006)

[EN] Although several different diagnoses of what has been called the "Prodigious Decade", the housing bubble occurred in the Spanish State between 1996 and 2007, have been published, they tend to focus on the analysis of four main facets: housing, urbanized land, infrastructure and facilities. Our goal is to develop an explanatory global model, in order to think about possible alternatives to the subsequent stagnation of the sector, the type of measures to be taken to leave the pit, and especially to repair the negative impacts, the "collateral" damages of the hyperactivity growth cycle, the construction bubble., [ES] Aunque se han publicado diferentes diagnósticos de lo que se ha dado en llamar la ¿década prodigiosa¿, la burbuja inmobiliaria acaecida en el Estado español entre 1996 y 2007, éstos suelen centrarse en el análisis una de sus cuatro manifestaciones: vivienda, suelo, infraestructuras y equipamientos. Nuestro objetivo es formular un modelo explicativo conjunto, para así poder pensar en posibles alternativas a la subsiguiente situación de estancamiento del sector, en el tipo de las medidas a adoptar para salir del pozo, y especialmente en reparar los impactos negativos, los daños ¿colaterales¿ de la hiperactividad del ciclo expansivo, de la burbuja constructora.

Se presenta la experiencia de dos docentes de Secundaria de las materias de Educación Física y Matemáticas que imparten una hora de docencia compartida durante el curso escolar con uno de los dos grupos de 1º de ESO para observar, entre otras cosas, las diferentes perspectivas de las estructuras cooperativas entre la cancha y el aula, a través del análisis de videograbaciones realizadas a lo largo del curso de las emociones de los alumnos y alumnas y sus propuestas creativas. Esto supuso disponer de un grupo de control y de un grupo de intervención para realizar un estudio comparativo de la implementación del aprendizaje cooperativo. En la hora de docencia compartida el eje organizador es la identificación y gestión de las emociones y la estimulación del potencial creativo de los adolescentes usando una metodologia de trabajo cooperativo. ESP

Comunicación oral presenta en el la XVI Reunión Científica de la Sociedad Española de Cromatografía y Técnicas Afines (SECyTA2016) P‐ENV‐18, Soil and sediment contamination due to industrial and urban discharges are creating great concern particularly in the vicinity of areas with high population. Many chemicals from waste discharges become associated with soils and sediments, which could act as a sink of organic contaminants. Therefore the management of urban and industrial solid wastes is now a matter of high priority. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to thoroughly characterize the contaminated soils and sediments to determine their contaminants content, and (ii) to evaluate the abilities of a natural CD (β‐cyclodextrin, BCD) and three chemically modified CDs (2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐ cyclodextrin, (HPBCD), randomly methylated‐β‐cyclodextrin (RAMEB) and hydroxypropyl‐γ‐ cyclodextrin (HPGCD)), to extract as much contaminants as possible. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been recently proposed as a non‐toxic and biodegradable alternative to organic solvents and surfactants because they have the ability to increase the apparent water solubility of lowpolarity organic compounds [1] (Morillo et al., 2012), reducing their sorption and facilitating their transport through soil [2] (Sánchez‐Trujillo et al., 2014). We have evaluated the performance of such approach in 3 case studies: (i) soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a mine in Oviedo; (ii) soils contaminated with creosote from a railway sleeper old deposit; (iii) sediments from Flix contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Soils and sediments were extracted using solid‐liquid extraction and were characterized by gas‐chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). After the initial contaminant concentration and contaminant profile was identified, non‐exhaustive extraction of contaminants from soil/sediments using an electrolyte solution and aqueous CD solutions was undertaken in sequential batch experiment and a high potential for recovering PAHs and POPs from contaminated solid wastes was observed. Thus, the procedure herein proposed is capable to remove contaminants from soils and sediments., [1] E. Morillo, M.A. Sánchez‐Trujillo, J.R. Moyano, J. Villaverde, M.E. Gómez‐Pantoja, J.I.Pérez‐Martínez. PLoS ONE 7 (2012) Article number e44137. [2] M.A. Sánchez‐Trujillo, S. Lacorte, J. Villaverde, C. Barata, E. Morillo. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21 (2014) 507‐517.

Different results were found for each consortium employed in this study, which were isolated by the enrichment technique from two different agricultural soils that had been managed with pesticides during more than 10 years. Isolated consortia were proved in diuron mineralisation in soil slurries where, in all cases, DT50 was drastically reduced regarding to the noninoculated soil. Hydroxypropyl-~-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was used as diuron bioavailability enhancer in combination with bioaugmentation (Cl), where a 52.% of the extent of mineralisation was reached and a strong decreasing of DT50 was determined (44 days). This work shows for the first time the capacity of microbial consortia isolated from different agricultural soils managed with pesticides, and in the presence of HPBCD, to achieve an improvement ofthe herbicide bioavailability in soil accelerating diuron bioremediation., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the research project CTM2013-42599-R and Junta de Andalucía Project RNM 894. Poster presentado en el 9th European Conference on Pesticides and Related Organic Micropollutants in the Environment. 15th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides Santiago de Compostela, Spain October 4th - 7th 2016

En este Proyecto se ha realizado el diseño de un inverter trifásico, destinado a ser utilizado como variador de velocidad para motor de inducción. Mediante el programa Psim se simuló un motor con sus parámetros reales obtenidos de los informes de ensayos de vacío y rotor bloqueado proporcionados por el fabricante. También se realizó el desarrollo de un driver para IGBTs, basado en optoacoplador y fuente simétrica. El montaje final consistió en tres IGBTs colocados sobre un disipador de calor, con sus drivers, busbar y condensadores snubber. El circuito de control se implementó con el DSP TMS320F28335 utilizando la modulación PWM en bucle abierto.El sistema fue finalmente probado con un motor de inducción

Introducción: Baja ingesta de energía puede dar lugar a la pérdida de masa muscular, disfunciones menstruales, un aumento del riesgo de la fatiga, lesión así como la necesidad de un proceso prolongado de recuperación. Objetivos: 1) Analizar el nivel de adherencia al Patrón de Dieta Mediterráneo en un grupo de mujeres deportistas profesionales de fútbol sala, 2) analizar el grado de relación entre el Patrón Dietético Mediterráneo, la composición corporal y el rendimiento deportivo y, 3) analizar si el actual grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea establece diferencias en los test de rendimiento deportivo y sobre la composición corporal. Métodos: Se valoró el PDM, test de composición corporal, test isocinético, test salto vertical (CMJ y SJ), golpeo de balón, test de velocidad y test Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA). Resultados: se observó que 7 de los 12 jugadoras (58,33%) mostró un patrón bajo y 5 de las 12 jugadoras (41,67%) un patrón medio. Por otro lado, estos patrones de adherencia no correlacionoraon con los valores de composición corporal ni con los test de rendimiento deportivo. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las jugadoras que tenían un grado medio de adherencia con las que tenían un patrón bajo de adhesión. Sin embargo, la cantidad de grasa total (%) parece tener un efecto determinante en la capacidad de repetir sprint. Conclusión: Se observan bajos niveles de adhesión a la dieta mediterránea, los valores mostrados en el cuestionario KIDMED no se han relacionado con el rendimiento de las deportistas ni con el estado de la composición corporal.

RESUMEN: La tendinopatía rotuliana, tendinosis rotuliana o rodilla de saltador es un trastorno que se produce debido al uso excesivo y cursa con dolor, es una lesión cada vez más frecuente en la modalidad deportiva de triatlón que consiste en la realización de tres pruebas de resistencia distintas (Natación; Ciclismo; Carrera) que varían en función de la categoría en la que se compita. El triatlón es una modalidad deportiva que consta de tres pruebas de resistencia, de las cuales dos son posibles causantes de la tendinopatía rotuliana que son el ciclismo( 5,3) y la carrera (30,3) y la natación también puede ser causante ya que el cuádriceps actúa como propulsor en la natación(37). Aunque hay muchos métodos y tratamientos, no hay un consenso en decir cuál de ellos o la combinación de los mismos tiene mejores resultados o son más óptimos para esta patología. El propósito de este estudio ha sido realizar una revisión sistemática, resumir y comprara los tratamientos o combinación de los mismos en la rehabilitación de una tendinopatía rotuliana por medio de la realización de una revisión sistemática de estudios publicados hasta el momento. METODO DE BUSQUEDA: búsqueda se ha realizado en tres base de datos (MEDLINE; CINAHL; AMED) buscando estudios relacionados con los tratamientos o combinación de estos en relación a la tendinopatía rotuliana y en especial la relacionada con la tendinopatía rotuliana en el triatleta. Se encontraron 13 estudios de los cuales 1 ECAs y 12 no, la calidad de los 13 artículos fue analizada de acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por Van Tulder et al. [33] que muestra una gran similitud con los niveles de calidad metodológica utilizada por Khan et al. [14], y también incluye calificaciones terminales de alta y baja calidad, por lo que es posible extraer conclusiones sobre el nivel de evidencia en un estudio determinado. RESULTADOS se encontraron pruebas sólidas para el uso de entrenamiento excéntrico para el tratamiento de la tendinopatía rotuliana (Frohm et al. [9] p

11 páginas.-- 5 tablas.-- 60 referencias, Festuca ovina L. is a hyperaccumulating plant which has aroused considerable interest with respect to its possible use for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. This study has been conducted to evaluate the potentials of F. ovina L. to serve as a phytoremediation plant in the cleaning up of Cu in the polluted soils and to identify extraction efficiency of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) for desorbing copper in relation to chelator dosage. Seeds have been sown in control and Cu contaminated pots (artificially contaminated with 150 mg kg-1 Cu). Results revealed that Cu negatively affected growth and tolerance indices of F. ovina and the root length was the most sensitive parameter among all measured parameters. The treatments used for assessing EDTA efficiency were 1.5, 3, 6, 15+1.5, 3+3 mmolkg-1, control (C: uncontaminated soil without EDTA) and W (contaminated soil without EDTA). Results showed that the application of 1.5 mmolkg-1 of EDTA did not significantly improve the phytoextraction of Cu and statistically, there was no significant difference in Cu uptake between single and split applications of 1.5 mmolkg-1 of EDTA. A sharp increase in root Cu concentration was observed when 3 mmolkg-1 of EDTA was applied. The highest amount of Cu extracted for the plant tissues was achieved at the doses of 6 mmolkg-1 and 3+3 mmolkg-1 EDTA, respectively. Higher Remediation Factors (RF) were obtained for the plants grown in contaminated soil and the highest RFs (0.08% and 0.07%) were recorded after the addition of 6 and 3+3 mmolkg-1, respectively. Application of EDTA showed a relatively decrease in TI (Tolerance Index) value and the lowest value of TI was recorded in 6 mmolkg-1 EDTA treatment. According to the experiment, EDTA has appeared to be an efficient amendment when Cu phyto-extraction with F. ovina was addressed. But further studies would be needed on investigating the reduction of percolation risk by the amount and process of chelate application.