Search

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of a newly-synthesized compound 4-(3,4- dibromothiophenylcarbonyl)-10-(2-ethoxyacetyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5,5,0,03,11,05,9]dodecane (M3) using somatogenic pain models of various genesis (thermal and visceral pain, mechanical compression of a paw). The compound showed a high antinociceptive efficacy, comparable to or exceeding that of tramadol. It was shown that the new molecule from the class of hexaazaisowurtzitane effectively blocks nociceptive reactions at the supraspinal and peripheral levels of pain sensitivity organization. The results obtained confirm the possibility of creating new pharmacologically active molecules based on the high-energy substance of hexaazaisowurtzitane, which is a priority in domestic pharmaceutical production.

The aim of the study was to assess the probability of developing withdrawal syndrome caused by discontinuation of 5-day administration of thiowurtzine with naloxone challenge test in the experiment.Materials and methods. The test sample of the analgesic “Thiowurtzine, capsule 120 mg” served as the study object. The active pharmaceutical ingredient is an organic, low molecular weight compound 4-(3,4-dibromothiophene carbonyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo [5,5,0,03,11,05,9]dodecane that was first synthesized according to computer modeling results at the IPCET SB RAS (Biysk).The likelihood of developing physical dependence was explored by per os administration of thiowurtzine and the reference drug tramadol twice a day for 5 days as follows: 1) at 9 a.m. – thiowurtzine 50 mg / kg and tramadol 10 mg / kg, at 3 p.m. – thiowurtzine 50 mg / kg and tramadol 10 mg / kg; 2) at 9 a.m. – thiowurtzine 50 mg / kg and tramadol 10 mg / kg, at 3 p.m. – thiowurtzine 75 mg / kg and tramadol 15 mg / kg; 3) at 9 a.m. – thiowurtzine 75 mg / kg and tramadol 15 mg / kg, at 3 p.m. – thiowurtzine 75 mg / kg and tramadol 15 mg / kg; 4) at 9 a.m. – thiowurtzine 100 mg / kg and tramadol 20 mg / kg, at 3 p.m. – thiowurtzine 100 mg / kg and tramadol 20 mg / kg; 5) at 9 a.m. – thiowurtzine 100 mg / kg and tramadol 20 mg / kg, at 3 p.m. – naloxone 10 mg / kg subcutaneously.In all the groups, the intensity of the withdrawal syndrome was studied by specific features in outbred male CD1 mice. During one hour following the naloxone injection, health of mice was assessed according to dominant abstinence components and recessive traits of mild withdrawal syndrome. Two hours after the naloxone injection, the number of mice with negative body weight gain was determined. 24 hours after discontinuation of test compound administration, the open-field test was used to determine the impact on animal behavioral patterns (horizontal and vertical motor and exploratory activity, emotionality and its vegetative manifestations). The hot plate test was carried out to measure the analgesic activity (55˚). The criterion of the withdrawal syndrome severity was a decrease in the number of jumping reactions, changes in the general condition of the animals, stimulation of motor activity, manifestations of hyperalgesia, and a decrease in body weight.Results. No dominant abstinence components and recessive signs of withdrawal syndrome were detected in animals from the thiowurtzine groups. The data obtained in the study (orientation and exploratory behavior, motor activity, emotionality and its vegetative manifestations, grooming, etc.) allow to conclude that thiowurtzine causes no physical dependence in animals after discontinuation of its 5-day administration with naloxone challenge test, as opposed to the reference drug naloxone. A positive disinhibition effect of this analgesic was revealed due to the activated orientation and exploratory behavior (stress caused by the new environment) in the conditions of the open-field test. The animals showed no manifestations of hyperalgesia in the hot plate test. The animals treated with thiowurtzine did not demonstrate any changes in the body weight.Conclusion. The obtained results prove that thiowurtzine is a non-narcotic analgesic. It evokes no side effects typical of opioid analgesics (tramadol), including development of physical dependence and withdrawal syndrome following naloxone challenge test. Previous in vivo and in silico studies (docking, molecular modeling, molecular dynamics simulation) on the multi-target mechanism of thiowurtzine explain the absence of its morphine-like effect by the fact that the major targets of the analgesic are TRPA1 receptors and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. With a high degree of probability, the conclusions made herein predict no drug abuse development when thiowurtzine is used in the clinical setting. Absence of ulcerotoxicity found earlier will enable to administer thiowurtzine in long-term cycles for chronic pain syndrome.

A synthetic method for the promising new drug oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate is described in detail. Various conditions for obtaining the target substance are considered. Its complete physicochemical characteristics are given. The obtained agent is shown to be effective against influenza virus A (H1N1)pdm09.

The number of candidate molecules for new non-narcotic analgesics is extremely limited. Here, we report the identification of thiowurtzine, a new potent analgesic molecule with promising application in chronic pain treatment. We describe the chemical synthesis of this unique compound derived from the hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) explosive molecule. Then, we use animal experiments to assess its analgesic activity in vivo upon chemical, thermal, and mechanical exposures, compared to the effect of several reference drugs. Finally, we investigate the potential receptors of thiowurtzine in order to better understand its complex mechanism of action. We use docking, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify and characterize the potential targets of the drug and confirm the results of the animal experiments. Our findings finally indicate that thiowurtzine may have a complex mechanism of action by essentially targeting the mu opioid receptor, the TRPA1 ion channel, and the Cav voltage-gated calcium channel.

Possible involvement of μ1- and κ-opioid receptors and cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1) into the mechanism of analgesic activity of the experimental drug product "Thiowurtzine, (capsule 120 mg)" synthesized on the basis of active pharmaceutical substance 4-(3,4-dibromthiophencarbonyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacethyl-2,4,6,8,10,12hexaazatetracyclo [5,5,0,03,11,05,9]dodecane was studied in vivo using the hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test. The involvement of κ-opioid receptors and noninvolvement of μ1-receptors and CB1 receptors in the mechanism of thiowurtzine analgesia were demonstrated. The mechanism of interaction of the test analgesic with opioid receptors differs from that of the reference drug tramadol. The interaction of thiowurtzine with serotonergic, GABAergic, and muscarinic cholinergic neurotransmitter systems was studied in vivo using pharmacological analyzers. The absence of muscarinic cholinolytic effect of thiowurtzine was demonstrated in the model of arecoline-induced tremor. The central serotonin-blocking activity of the analgesic was revealed in the model of 5-hydroxytryptophan hyperkinesis in mice. Anticonvulsant activity was demonstrated in the corazol convulsions test, which attested to the presence of a GABAergic component. The mechanism of central analgesia caused by the drug product "Thiowurtzine, capsule 120 mg" appeared to be polymodal. The antinociceptive activity of the analgesic was comparable to that of tramadol.

A method of preparing the potential analgesic substance 4,10-bis((±)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carbonyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5,5,03,11,05,9]dodecane is described in detail. Different conditions for preparing the target substance are considered and its full physicochemical properties are presented. Marked analgesic activity of this innovatory compound was found in conditions of thermal nociception in the hotplate test and acute visceral and somatic deep pain in the acetic writhings test.

The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic action of thiowurtzine in somatogenic nociception models by activation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the compound 4-(3,4-dibromothiophenecarbonyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.0. 03,11 .0 5,9 ]dodecane ( t hiowurtzine). The analgesic activity of thiowurtzine was studied under the conditions of a chemogenic activation model of TRPA1 channels (by the formalin test), and by a selective test with an agonist of TRPV1 channels (the capsaicin test). The compound was administered once per os in a dose range of 50–200 mg/kg (water-tween solvent) an hour before the experimental manipulations. The reference drugs were diclofenac sodium in a preventive single per os dose of 10 mg/kg in 1% starch gel in a volume of 0.2 ml/mouse, and ketorolac in a dose of 6 mg/kg in the same solvent, volume and route of administration. Results. T hiowurtzine, when administered in per os doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, was found to effectively block nociceptive reactions caused by activation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels. At the same time, the analgesic activity of t hiowurtzine turned out to be comparable and/(or) superior to the ketorolac and diclofenac action, depending on the model situation. In addition, it was found that t hiowurtzine (200 mg/kg per os ) corresponds to diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg per os ) and is superior to ketorolac (6 mg/kg per os ) in terms of anti-inflammatory severity in the formalin test. Conclusion . The biphasicity of behavioral reactions in the prognostic formalin test do not allow for an unambiguous conclusion about the direction of the action mechanism of thiowurtzine, which confirms the polymodality hypothesis. The data obtained in the two models of somatogenic nociception do not exclude the fact that the modulation of the TRPA1 and TRPV1 activity is one of the mechanisms of the thiowurtzine analgesic action. By the key analgesic characteristics found herein, thiowurtzine proves to be a unique compound with a high therapeutic and innovation potential.

Thiowurtzine, a hexaazaisowurtzitane derivate, is a novel original non-opioid analgesic. In this article, an HPLC–UV method has been developed for rapid detection and quantification of API and related substances contained in thiowurtzine capsules. Six thiowurtzine impurities were separated successfully from each other by isocratic elution using a Luna 5u PFP (2) (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with 30 µL injection volumes at a wavelength of 254 nm. Commercially unavailable impurities were formed by degradation of thiowurtzine and preliminarily identified by high-resolution LC–MS. This method proved to be robust, linear, repeatable, sensitive, selective and handy.

Purpose : to study gastrotoxic and ulcerogenic effects of a long-term administration of a newly synthesized compound from the hexaazaisowurzitan (thiowurtzine) series in rats, as well as to assess its effect on the transplantable tumor in mice. Material and Methods . Lewis lung carcinoma was transplanted into mice, and thiowurtzine was prescribed for a long course together with cyclophosphamide. In the terminal stage of tumor development the mass of the primary node, the number and area of metastases in the lungs of mice were measured. Histological sections of the stomach were studied in rats after a 90-day administration of thiowurtzine. Results. Thiowurtzine at therapeutic dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg for a course of 19 days potentiated the effect of cyclophosphamide to inhibit tumor dissemination and exerted a direct antitumor effect in mice with lewis lung carcinoma. A dose of 1000 mg/kg for 90 days did not cause ulcerogenic action of thiowurtzine. Conclusion. The absence of a stimulating effect on tumor growth in animal experiments and intactness in relation to the gastric mucosa during chronic administration of thiowurtzine allow us to recommend this innovative analgesic for clinical study as a concomitant analgesia in cancer patients.

Analysis of specific pharmacological activity evaluated high antinociceptive efficacy of the first synthesized compound 10-di(ethoxyacetyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5,5,0,0

The number of candidate molecules for new non-narcotic analgesics is extremely limited. Here we report the identification of thiowurtzine, a new potent analgesic molecule with promising application in chronic pain treatment. We describe the chemical synthesis of this unique compound derived from the hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) explosive molecule. Then we use animal experiments to assess its analgesic activity in vivo upon chemical, thermal and mechanical exposures, compared to the effect of several reference drugs. Finally, we investigate the potential receptors of thiowurtzine in order to better understand its complex mechanism of action. We use docking, molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations to identify and characterize the potential targets of the drug and confirm the results of the animal experiments. Our findings finally indicate that thiowurtzine may have a complex mechanism of action, by targeting the mu, kappa, delta and ORL1 opioid receptors, and the voltage-gated calcium channels as well.

Possible involvement of μ

We studied pharmacokinetics of a new analgesic based on a hexaazaisowurtzitane derivative (thiowurtzine, TWZ). A method for measuring TWZ in organs and tissues by HPLC/MS/MS was developed and validated. The sensitivity of the method under conditions of intragastric administration of TWZ to rats in a dose of 100 mg/kg is 0.5 ng/ml (calibration curve 0.5-400 ng/ml). The concentrations of the substance (Cmax) in the plasma, organs, and tissues of animals were 20-100 ng/ml, the time to reach the maximum concentration after a single dose (Tmax) was 2 h. The mean retention time of the substance in the body ranged from 5.67 to 17.15 h after administration. The highest concentrations were found in excretory organs (liver and kidneys), the substance also actively penetrated into muscle tissue. The medium concentrations were found in the brain and adipose tissue. The tropism to the heart tissues was minimal.

Pronounced analgesic activity of the innovative compound 4-(3,4-dibromthiophencarbonyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacethyl-2,4,6,8,10,12hexaazatetracyclo[5,5,0,03, 11,05, 9] dodecane (thiowurtzine) was observed in the thermal nociceptive hot plate test and in the acute visceral and somatic deep pain model (acetic acid writhing test). In these experimental models, naloxone-sensitive thiowurtzine-induced analgesia was revealed. The absence of tropism to peripheral opioid receptors in the acetic acid writhing test was demonstrated using naloxone methiodide. Course administration of low-toxic thiowurtzine in effective doses was not associated with ulcerogenic damage to the gastric mucosa in experimental animals.