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The in vitro anti-diabetic effect of a methanolic extract of C. benghalensis was examined through suppression of enzymes that break down carbohydrates. Compared to the common enzyme inhibitor Acarbose, the crude extracts of C. benghalensis both α -glucosidase and α -amylase were severely inhibited. The anti-diabetic efficacy was discovered to rely on concentration and the anti-hyperglycemic activity was shown by the inhibition of glucose movement and enhanced glucose diffusion. From 30 to 180 minutes, the rate of glucose dispersion across the membrane increased. In light of the results, C. benghalensis considerably decreased postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting the flow of glucose and the enzymes that break down carbohydrates.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perbedaan kinerja portofolio optimal menggunakan strategi aktif dengan metode sharpe, treynor, dan Jensen. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi kinerja portofolio optimal dari 20 saham yang tercatat dalam Indeks IDX30 di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) diantaranya yaitu ADRO, ANTM, ASII, BBNI, BBRI, BBTN, BMRI, CPIN, GGRM, ICBP, INCO, KLBF, MDKA, PGAS, PTBA, SMGR, TINS, TLKM, TOWR, dan UNTR. Periode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu tahun 2018 sampai dengan 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan komparatif melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dikarenakan menggunakan data yang digunakan berupa angka. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk strategi aktif adalah Single Index Model. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu Uji Mann Whiney U-test. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap kinerja portofolio saham antara sebelum pandemi dan selama pandemi Covid-19 baik menggunakan metode indeks sharpe, indeks treynor, dan indeks jensen yang disebabkan oleh saham-saham yang terdapat pada indeks IDX30 merupakan perusahaan yang likuid dan memiliki kapitalis yang tinggi sehingga tahan terdahap pandemi.

Anti-hyper glycaemic and anti-hyper lipidemic activity of methanolic extract of CBME was investigated in STZ induced diabetic rats. Thirty male albino rats were intra peritoneally injected with streptozotocin at a concentration of 50mg/kgbwt to induce diabetes mellitus. The injected rats were divided into five groups and diabetic treated group was fed with methanolic extract of 500mg/kgbwt for 45 days. At the end of the treatment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood and organs were collected for biochemical and haematological analyses. Statistical significance (p

Face recognition is a biometric-based technology that mathematically maps a particular person’s or individual’s facial features and stores all that data as a face print. By using this technique, the information on the face of a person is saved mathematically or in the format of graphs in the database, which is used for detecting that particular face.The face recognition model in our system will find a match of that person in the database. If a match is found, it will be notified to the police and the guardian of that person. In this paper, we will use the ideas of the AWS facial recognition algorithm which is based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and will detect faces with the maximum accuracy to find the missing person.

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate Clinical profile & Prescribing Patterns of Drugs in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal disorders of either gender and with an age of above 18 years were included in this study. Results: Among the 240 study participants, In our study, we have observed over 120 cases of Gastro-Intestinal Disorders. Among 120 control subjects, all of them were suffering from either of the Gastrointestinal Disorders. 63.33% of the subjects were Male and 36.66% of the subjects were Female. Among the subjects belonging to age group 20-40 years, 14.16% were Male and 6.66% were Female. Among the subjects belonging to age group 40-60 years, 32.5% were Male and 11.66% were Female. Among the subjects belonging to age group 60-80 years, 17.5% were Male and 6.66% were Female. Among the subjects belonging to the age group above 80 years, 8.33% were Male and 2.5% were Female. Conclusion: In our study, we noticed that the incidence of GI disorders was more in males (63.33%) compared to females (36.66%) and also the people who were in the age of 40 to 60 years were more affected compared to the younger ones. We have also reported the alcoholics (45.83%) and smokers (46.66%) were more prone to gastritis (44.16%) and pancreatitis (24.16%) than the normal population.

Every human being in the world need essential materials to lead his life smoothly. That materials are earned by human beings by doing works. In general, in the early times, man's search for food was his one and only profession. Kurinji land is one of the lands inhabited by man. The land consists of high peaks, small hills and dense forest with irregular routes and various layers. The basic occupations such as food gathering, hunting and agriculture were carried out by the people who lived there. This article is analyzed and narrated based on ethnographic theory about the lifestyles of Kaanavar, Kuravar, and Vaedar who lived in Kurinji land.

Ameloblastoma is a slow-growing locally aggressive, benign odontogenic epithelium with a greater tendency for recurrence and involves aggressive bone loss and teeth. It is believed to be derived from cell rests of the enamel organ, either remnants of dental lamina or Hertwig's sheath, the epithelial rest of Malassez. The most common site of preference is the mandibular molar and ramus area than the anterior and premolar region. The article presents two case series of unicystic ameloblastoma of a 25 year female who had a localized swelling in the left side of the mandible which resembled a keratocystic odontogenic tumor clinically and radiographically. Based on histopathological examination the final diagnosis was unicystic ameloblastoma with the mural pattern. The second case report presented a 32-year female with a diffuse swelling in the left lower jaw which histopathologically revealed ameloblastoma with the plexiform variant. The case series presented certain unique features of female predilection and a multilocular variant with mural and plexiform pattern unicystic ameloblastoma. Both the patient was surgically managed more conservatively with enucleation and cauterization as cystic types are found to be less aggressive compared to solid variants of ameloblastoma. They were on a regular follow period postoperatively.

In histopathology the study of hard tissue is important for diagnosis of various diseases and conditions among that ground section plays a major role. Last few years, dental identification methods were highly increased because of some natural phenomenon like cyclone, flood, earthquake, airplane accidents, industrial accident, terror attacks, volcanic explosions, etc. Teeth has become an important part in many field related to forensics and many medico legal cases were the tooth structure is studied in identification of victims. This article was aimed to highlights varies methods of ground section of teeth, also their significance in various fields and recent advances. There are various other modalities in histopathology like decalcification studies, special satins procedure, Immunohistoche mistry. Each and every study has unique importance and application

Decalcification is a critical and skilled technique used in oral histology to prepare tissue samples for microscopic analysis. It is a routinely employed technique in oral histology and pathology. It plays a highly amenable role in diagnosing hard tissue pathology by making it easy for processing and sectioning.This process involves the removal of mineral deposits from hard tissues such as teeth and bones,allowing for clearer visualization of the tissue's structure and cellular components. Various staining techniques and recent advances are blooming in this field of histology. Decalcification is often necessary for the diagnosis of various oral diseases and abnormalities, including dental caries and periodontal disease.Understanding the principles and methods of decalcification is essential for successful tissue preparation and accurate diagnosis in oral histology. This article provides a brief overview of decalcification in oral histology,emphasizing its importance and application in dental research and clinical practice

Agriculture is the most important resource of livelihood and an emerging field the forms the backbone of India. Present challenges of the agriculture domain include uncertain climatic changes, poor irrigation facilities, weather uncertainty. Machine learning is one such technique that is employed to predict the fertility of the soil in agriculture. ensemble machine learning techniques aim to create meta-classifiers to produce better predictive performance. The primary focus of this paper is to analyze the soil data that is collected from the soil testing laboratory to predict fertility from a collected dataset by using multiple ensemble machine learning algorithms such as bagging, boosting, and stacking for better prediction, accuracy, and higher consistency. The soil fertility classes were evaluated using 10 selected attributes. Measurements of different soil parameters have been used for predicting soil fertility. The experimental result shows that the boosting method on the C5.0 algorithm achieved higher accuracy than other ensemble classifiers with 98.15%.

The Venmurasu is a magnum opus written by author Jayamohan in 26 novels spanning 25,000 pages, which started in January 2014 as a daily chapter on the website. This novel is one of the greatest novels in the world. Varnakadal is one of the 26 novels featured in Jayamohan's Venmurasu. It unfolds in the Mahabharata as the story of the neglected, the defeated, and the passed over. In this, only the history of Ekalaivan, who is one of the representatives of the lower class people, has been taken as the subject of study. This review also explains the plight of Guru Drona, who refused to train him in archery despite being the prince of Asuranadu Garudakulam and the social conditions in which he was treated as an outcast because of being a Vedar clan member on the basis of caste difference. Composed with a different storyline from Vyasa Bharatham, this novel highlights the author Jayamohan's over-imaginative status, the rise to power of the people born into the upper class, and their transgression of the oppressed. Moreover, this analysis also shows that the voices of Ekalavya's father, Hiranyathanus, and mother, Suvarna, are the voices of the lower class against the ruling class.

Aim and objective:The aim and objective of this study was to assess the efficacy ofCalendula officinalis (Linn.)with commercially available chlorhexidine gel and tetracycline fibers against plaque bacteria so that it can eventually be incorporated into periodontal anti-infective therapy. Materials and method:Plant extract was made by 10 grams of Preparation of plant extract dried and ground leaves were mixed with 100ml of methanol and ethanol used for the extraction. Periodontal ab plus and Hexi gel was used. Antibacterial activity for plaque sample was seen using agar well diffusion method. Results:Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of plaque bacteria at 0.1g/mL byCalendula officinalis (Linn.)was 15mm, chlorhexidine gel was 18mm and Periodontal ab plus was 33mm. periodontal ab plus showed 51 percent more zone of inhibition thanC. officinalisleaves extracts and 42 percent more that of chlorhexidine gel. Conclusion:The results of the present study indicate that theC. officinalisextract possessed good antimicrobial potential. This study exhibited the significant antibacterial effect ofC. officinalisbut less than chlorhexidine gel and tetracycline fibers on plaque bacteria.

The struggles we face in contemporary times are numerous. These are also the reaction of social changes. Today's society is witnessing the struggles of life such as the turmoil of urban life, atrocities against women, the plight of migrants due to declining agricultural production, caste - based social inequalities, the use of agricultural land to set up factories, the plight of people living in economically backward margins, unemployment and the problems of labor. It is time for everyone to consider that the struggle of the peasantry is questioning the future of the world. The history of yaanaikattiporadikkum by our ancient Tamil people will show the world about the prosperity of our country. The farmers who once offered food for the whole village are forced to beg for the next meal because the monsoon is gone and the value of the products, they produce is low. Due to the shortage of paddy, the expansion of roads, the setting up of factories and the exploitation of their lands, farmers have lost their livelihood and are in danger of migrating from where they live today. Although the battlefields faced by the agrarian elites in each period are different, the struggles remained the same no matter what. This article researches on the contemporary novels which deals with the plight of peasants who lost their lives at the hands of the ruling class.

Fiber reinforced composites are bondable, biocompatible, aesthetic, translucent and easy-to-use in clinical practice. They have various applications in clinical dentistry due to their wide spectrum of intended properties. Composite is an better esthetic material which has an inherent problem of bulk fracture where cohesive failure occurs within the restorative material. When fibers are incorporated with composites they enhance the cohesive strength and thereby prevents bulk fracture.Some of the fibers which are commonly used in reconstruction procedures in operative dentistry and endodontics are polyethylene fibers, quartz glass fibers, carbon fibers and aramid fibers. This case report enumerates usage of Fiber reinforced composites as an endodontic post and cores material. It can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment in dentistry.

Following the emergence of resistant fungal pathogens, plants mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been recognized as promising tools to combat fungal pathogens. This study evaluated the potency of Calotropis gigantea L. in producing AgNPs followed by testing their antifungal effects against fungal pathogens. AgNPs were successfully produced utilizing the aqueous extract of C. gigantea flower extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX and XRD analyzes. The visible brown color validated the synthesis of AgNPs and the UV-Vis spectrum revealed a maximum absorption at 438 nm. The SEM and EDX analyzes revealed that the AgNPs were rod shaped ranging from 10 nm to 150 nm in size along with the presence of elemental Ag. The X-ray diffraction further indicated that the biosynthesized AgNPs were crystalline in nature. The C. gigantea flower extract and biosynthesized AgNPs effectively mitigate the fungal growth viz.: Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Cryptococcus neoformans, Phialophora verrucosa and Sporothrix schenckii. The maximum inhibition in growth by biosynthesized AgNPs was observed against P. verrucosa (13 mm) whereas the flower extract of C. gigantea was most effective against P. verrucosa (14.5 mm) and S. schenckii (13.5 mm). These findings may suggest C. gigantea flower extract as a green solution for biosynthesizing AgNPs with tremendous potentiality towards controlling human and plant pathogenic fungus.

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are perceived to occur frequently when patients are discharged from the hospital. Drug-related problems (DRP) are “an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with the desired health outcome”. Pharmacists influence health care outcomes through the identification and resolution of drug related problems (DRPs). Aim and objectives: The study is aimed to assess the frequency and prevalence of drug therapy related problems in patients after hospitalization in Jayabharath Hospital, Nellore. To estimate the opportunities for pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care. A probabilistic convenient sampling was done to estimate the frequency and prevalence of drug therapy related problems, patients those who are aged above 18 years of either sex were included. Pregnant patients, and those who are having a unwillingness to participate in study were excluded. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted between December 2020 to May 2021 on patients who discharged to home from Jayabharath Hospital, Nellore . . Most of our study population were within the age group of 30 to 45years (33.33 %) followed by 60 to 75years (25.00 %).among the present study population most of them were married (83.3 %) and illiterates (62.5 %). Results and Discussion: Nearly 50 drugs are responsible for drug related problems in the present study among those Phenytoin was found to be leading drug in relation to development of drug therapy related problems, Where as Nifedipine was found to be least problem producing drug in present study population. Conclusion: Overall we found various kinds of drug therapy related problems, which implies there is a need of continuity of care even after discharge from the hospital.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and are considered a potential source for tissue and organ repair due to their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation abilities. However, in most cases, MSCs are needed to be stimulated with external growth factors to promote their proliferation and differentiation. Over the past decade, it has been demonstrated that nanomaterials could facilitate MSC proliferation and differentiation, and excellent efforts are carried out to investigate their possible modulating pattern and mechanisms for MSC differentiation. Europium hydroxide (EuIII(OH)3) nanorods (EHN) are well-researched for their biomimicking properties and act as a substitute for growth factors that induce cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In the current study, the human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were chosen as an in vitro model for evaluating the role of EHN in modulating the differentiation process of MSCs into neuronal and glial lineages. The characterization of MSCs and differentiated neuronal cells observed by flow cytometry, confocal, and gene marker expression studies supported our hypothesis that the EHNs are pro-angiogenic and pro-neurogenic. Finally, altogether our results suggest that EHNs have the potential to play an essential part in developing novel treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases (ND) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) based on the nanomedicine approach.

Image fusion has become a frequently used approach for improving the visual awareness for various applications such as medical diagnosis, surveillance, military , computer vision, robotics, enhanced vision systems, biometrics, and remote sensing and many. From literature, most of the Image fusion technique requires sophisticated pre-processing and post-processing steps to create image patches to train the network, generate the focus map, consistency verification but the fused image results in blocking artifacts and smoothening effects. This paper focuses on simple novel Deep Unsupervised Residual-Convolution Auto-Encoder Network (R-CAEN) to address these limitations. R-CAEN is trained with proposed Euclidean Loss Function in keras-tensorflow platform. The encoder-decoder model learns to extracts the deep features from the source images in a residual approach. A normalized Local Binary Pattern (LBP) codes for the corresponding encoder features are calculated for fusion. The decoder decodes the fused features and the fused image is evaluated with the objective measures: Correlation Coefficient, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Measure of Structural Similarity Index, Entropy and Visual Information Fidelity. The subjective and objective analysis of R-CAEN is compared with six existing methods and the results shows that the performance of R-CAEN outperforms the existing methods.

It is established that exercise will increase immunity against covid-19. This data can be statistically verified by employing a Support Vector Machine model and a K-Means method. The number of push-ups taken per day/week and the occurrence covid-19 infection can be modeled into a Support Vector Machine algorithm. Similarly the minutes of jogging per day and breathing difficulty occurrences can be modeled into a K-Means algorithm. The training data set will give a predictive model to assess the importance of exercise against covid-19.&nbsp

The rapid innovations in computer sciences and the emergence of technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), metaverse, and similar cyberspaces have greatly impacted the field of education. The radical changes that IR4.0 has made in the teaching approaches and learning behaviours have posed new challenges for students of literary studies in academia. This chapter aims to examine the learning behaviours and challenges of literature students in Malaysian tertiary education in the context of IR4.0. Specifically, the study explores how digital and virtual world has impacted the teaching and learning of literature in academia and thereby seeks to suggest ways to overcome them. It is concluded that effective instruction of literature courses in IR4.0 era requires a combination of pedagogical approaches, technological tools, and cultural sensitivity as well as an effective convergence of the real and the virtual worlds.

Over the past era, subgraph mining from a large collection of graph database is a crucial problem. Existing works on subgraph mining is based on the threshold value, which returns similar graphs for a query graph. However, the number of graphs in the answer set for the same threshold can vary in terms of structure and context. In addition, scalability is another big problem due to insufficient storage.Further, it can suffer from security issues. In a distributed environment, since more queries come from different users, it is possible for the attackers to access the graph. These three problems highly exist in the current subgraph mining. To address this downside, our proposed work introduces aBlockchain-based Triune Layered Architecture for authenticated query search in the large scale dynamic graphs. The two fold process is handled in BTLA-LSDG: graph indexing and authenticated query search (query processing), which are implemented in triune layers (Data Generation Layer, Data Storage Layer, and Service Layer). Initially, data owners are authenticated to blockchain using Four-Q-Curve algorithm. The graph index is constructed by data owners and merged graph index is constructed by service providers. Based on the uploaded graph index, hash index is constructed using SHA-3. The hash index is fed into blockchain and form Dendrimer – Fractal Index. On the other hand, data user submits query with authentication. For every authenticated query, the four fold process is handled. Firstly, Multi-Constraint based Belief Entropy function is used for feature sets computation for a given query. Then Dual Similarity based MapReduce helps inmapping and reducing the relevant subgraphs with the use of optimal feature sets. Thirdly, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)is used for subgraph isomorphic testing. Finally, graph index refinement process is undertaken to improve the query results. For this, query error is computed for each user’s query at the end of retrieval. With respect to query error, fuzzy logic is used to refine the index of graph dynamically. This experiment is implemented using Hadoop environment and the results show better efficiency in terms of Scalability, Security and Storage. Further, it is tested with Precision, Recall, F-measure, Accuracy, Error Rate, Query Response Time and Positive Results.

IntroductionIndia’s north-eastern hill region (NEH) is one of the biodiversity hotspots, inhabited by several tribal communities still maintaining their traditional food habits. Much of their food resources are drawn from wild sources.Materials and methodsFourteen species of wild edible plants of high ethnic importance were collected from remote localities of Nagaland and Meghalaya states of the NEH region of India for nutritional profiling. Nutritional profiling of leaves of six species comprising Gynura cusimbua, Garcinia cowa, Herpetospermum operculatum, Plukenetia corniculata, Trichodesma khasianum, and Elatostemma sessile is conducted first time under present study. Samples were analyzed as per the Official Method of Analysis (AOAC) and standard methods.Results and discussionThe range of variation in proximate composition was observed for moisture (72–92%), protein (1.71–6.66%), fat (0.22–1.36%), dietary fibre (5.16–14.58%), sugar (0.30–3.41%), and starch (0.07–2.14%). The highest protein content (6.66%) was recorded in Herpetospermum operculatum, followed by Trichodesma khasianum (5.89%) and Plukenetia corniculata (5.27%). Incidentally, two of these also have high iron (>7.0 mg/100 g) and high zinc (>2.0 mg/100 g) contents, except Trichodesma khasianum, which has low zinc content. High antioxidant activities in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) by the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method ranged from 1.10 to 8.40 mg/100 g, and by the Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) method ranged from 0.10 to 1.9 mg/100 g, while phenol content ranged between 0.30 and 6.00 mg/100 g. These wild vegetables have high potential because of their nutritional properties and are fully capable of enhancing sustainability and improving ecosystem services. Efforts were also initiated to mainstream these resources, mainly for widening the food basket of native peoples.

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of economic burden in the Low Middle Income countries (LMIC’s). We want to study the outcome of acute strokes treated under Government scheme with minimal package (For Ischemic Stroke - 257 USD & For hemorrhagic stroke - 399 USD), but offered evidence-based stroke care other than thrombolysis. Methods: From January 2021 to March 2021, a total of 350 cases were treated in our Ankineedu stroke center. Out of these 125 (36%) acute stroke patients are treated under subsidized economical stroke care from admission to discharge. In-patient mortality, 3 months follow up and 1 year follow up recorded. All patients received standard medical treatment in Stroke unit with Antiplatelets, statins, DVT prophylaxis, Antihypertensives, dysphagia assessment, physiotherapy and Neurosurgery when required. All basic stroke investigations done - CT scan, MRI scan, MR Angio, Neck vessel doppler, Lipids, Renal Function test, RBS, ECG and ECHO. All patients discharged on secondary prevention. Average length of stay is 10 days. Results: There were 94 men and 31 women, age ranged from 18 years to 85 years (median 55 yrs). Type of stroke: Ischemic Stroke -74% and Haemorrhagic stroke - 26%, 4 patients (3.2%) underwent Neurosurgery. Risk factors: Hypertension - 82 (66%), Diabetes - 45 (36%), Cardiac problems - 17 (13.6%), Smoking - 20 (16%), Alcohol - 15 (12%). Total In-house mortality 5 (4%) and the remaining patients outcome at 3 months - Good outcome with modified rankin scale (mRS) 0-2 in 83 patients (66%), Fair Outcome with mRS (3-4) - 35 (28%), 1 patient (0.8%) bedridden and 1 patient (0.8%) died at home. Out of 125 patients, 60 patients (48%) came for 1 year follow up, of these 88% had mRS (0-2), 12% had mRS (3-5). Conclusion: In resource poor countries we can offer basic stroke care model to all needy patients with reasonable outcome. However, the follow up needs to be strengthened.

In traditional Indian society, women are ruthlessly deprived of the opportunity to express their true feelings publicly. In Girish Karnad's works, female characters constantly rebel against the traditional position of women in Indian society and try to find their own way. His works make fun of the unjust values ??of the patriarchal society, which does not care about women's feelings and regards women as only inferior people who are absolutely loyal to him. Call it Nagamandala, Hayavadana and The Fire and the Rain, all these elements are everything. The exploitation and oppression of women has become an established culture of male chauvinism, so his works represent a meeting point where women are portrayed as enlightened and liberated with resistance. Girish Karnad strives to overcome male dominance, hoping to raise awareness of how women are exploited and abused in the name of marriage. Karnad started her work to meet the challenge of resolving controversial issues. As for women, she has experience in discriminatory politics that supports gender and caste paradigms.

Background: The identification of effective laboratory biomarkers together with the clinical presentation is crucial to categorize the severity of the disease. The following biomarkers have been identified: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Inflammatory C-reactive protein (CRP), Serum Ferritin levels, Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase. Cytokine storm is one of the most dreaded complications of COVID19 that can be treated effectively by early identification. The current study is to test and confirm the prognostic value of NLR as an economic and reliable indicator of COVID19. Methodology: The current study is a retrospective observational study. The data of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital from the 25th of August, 2021 to the 25th of September, 2021 was analyzed. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on ICMR guidelines. The blood reports from the day one of admission were taken into consideration for this study. Results: The study included 71 patients consisting of 29 males and 42 females, with a male to female ratio of 0.69. In the present study, 52 patients are with mild disease (Males-19; Females-33), 12 (males-4; females-8) are in the moderate category, and 7 (males-1; females-6) patients have severe disease. In mild patients, the mean CRP was 4.01mg/L, the mean serum Ferritin was 214.23mcg/L, and the mean NLR was 3.62. In patients with moderate severity, the mean CRP was 5.86mg/L, the mean serum Ferritin was 383.62mcg/L, and the mean NLR was 5.67. In patients with severe disease, the mean CRP was 22.71mg/L, the mean serum Ferritin was 805mcg/L, and the mean NLR was 15.3. Conclusion: The study showed that there is a gradual increase in CRP, Serum Ferritin, and NLR with the increase in severity of disease from mild to severe. NLR is gradually increasing with increasing mean CRP and serum Ferritin levels Hence, NLR can be used as a reliable predictor of the severity of the disease instead of CRP and serum Ferritin in places lacking adequate facilities.

Ant species are ecologically dominant in most terrestrial ecosystems. The present study deals with the diversity of ants at St. Xavier’s College Campus, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India. Ants were sampled in four different locations from November, 2019 to February, 2020 with the help of different collection methods such as All-out Search Method (AOSM), baits trap (BT), Hand Collection Method (HCM), and Pitfall trap (PT). A total of eight species of ants belonging to three subfamilies-- Pseudomyrmicinae, Myrmicinae and Formicinae were recorded in the study area. Indices of relative abundance and density are commonly used to assess the status of species. The relative abundance of ant species was calculated. The most dominant subfamily was Myrmicinae (4 genera with 4 species), which is followed by Formicinae (2 genera with 3 species). Pseudomyrmicinae was found in small number (one genus with only one species). The relative abundances of subfamilies Oecophylla smaragdina, Tertaponera rufonigra and Solenopsis geminata were 22.7%, 15.95%, 15.6%, respectively. Keywords: Ants survey, Diversity, Distribution, Species abundance, Formicidae, Species diversity

Aims: To compare the feto-maternal outcomes between patients who have achieved different glucose target values after intervention for hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Methods: A prospective comparative observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics Department of a Teaching Hospital. The main outcome parameters were the values of the fasting blood sugar (FBS) and the postprandial blood sugars (PPBS) obtained from the self-monitoring tests. The patients were grouped into two groups – the tight control group-I and less tight control group-II. maternal and neonatal parameters are compared. Pearson’s chi-square test was used for proportions and unpaired t-test was used for numbers after checking for normality of distribution and p-value of

One of the most prevalent cancers in the world today is Squamous cell carcinoma of Head and Neck (HNSCC), which is distinguished by a physiologically heterogeneous group of tumors, non-specific biomarkers, and a dismal prognosis. Although the traditional surgical therapy methods have made positive strides, they results in long-term deformity, a shift in one's sense of self, and physically debilitating effects, whereas chemo and radiation therapy result in serious toxicities that have a detrimental influence on patients' quality of life. In order to enhance individual health outcomes and survival, neo-adjuvant therapeutic approaches were developed. Thus the current article reviews the various neo-adjuvant therapies and their significance in contrast to conventional surgery.

Saliva is a colourless,watery and complex fluid secreted by the salivary glands into the oral cavity.It plays an important role in maintaining the moisture and well being of the oral cavity.In recent years,Saliva has been used by the researches, as it is non invasive technique, limited training required, potentially valuable for children and elderly patients, cost effective, eliminates the risk of infection and screening in large population. Collecting dried salivary sample is still being a greater challenge in the forensic. The process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms is referred as diagnosis and diagnostic tool helps in simplifying the clinical findings to obtain a reasonable and relevant differential diagnosis. Recently, Dried salivary spot has been most commonly used among Forensic Odontology which can be used as an efficient diagnostic aid.This article aims to review the updates and significance of dried saliva spot and sampling in forensic odontology.

Both scientifically and commercially, the area of stem cells has advanced. It is simple and less disruptive to the body to acquire stem cells from teeth. All complex organisms contain the biological cells referred to as stem cells. They can reproduce, differentiate, and rejuvenate them to produce fresh stem cells. For stem cell research, human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) can be acquired quickly and readily with little to no preparation stress. Dental stem cells, the gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone, can be applied as a low-risk autologous therapeutic approach to treat a variety of bodily defects. This study will discuss the banking and therapeutic applications of human exfoliated deciduous tooth stem cells

Digital Dentistry is a new technology in the dental field that will improve patients' treatment options in the future. It makes digital dental equipment for cosmetic use and implants in dentistry. The practise and potential future of a dentist will be determined by whether or not they accept modern technology. The phrase “digital dentistry” is a wide name that refers to any dental technology including the use of hardware and software that is computer-based technology. The objective is to enable dental professionals to deliver care utilizing computer-assisted tools. This article's reviews the investigation ideas of digital dentistry, its merits and demerits, and to offer claims and observations about particular aspects of digital dentistry that are supported by research. The knowledge is of not only the dentist but also the whole dental staffs are crucial to the success of introducing new technology in the dentistry

Infertility is considered to be a global concern that affects many aspects of life for both sexes. The infertility epidemic is fast approaching and its numbers have reached 186 million people worldwide. The negative aspects of an unhealthy diet can be linked to reproductive health in women and adequate nutritional support can improve fertility. Most health expert recommendations and dietary guidelines acknowledge that certain foods or diet plans can actually improve fertility specifically, diet plans involving accumulated fruit and vegetable intake. However, the amount of nutrients varies significantly among fruits and vegetables, and not all fruit and vegetable choices are thought of “nutrient-rich”.Butter Fruit are distinctive, they contain abundant higher amounts of the key nutrients like folate and potassium, that are usually under-consumed in maternal diets and are coupled to spice up fertility and as well as cut back various sorts of diseases and deficiency as they contain essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.The present review article aims at addressing the proof that Butter Fruit could also be a singular nutrition for reinforcing fertility during pre-conception period.

Classical Siddha medicine recommends the usage of functionally parallel substitute raw drugs in the scarcity of the original material. The concept of standard raw drug substitution is designated by the Tamil term Matru sarakku, which emphasizes selecting alternatives either in herbal or non-herbal sources based on certain attributes. Functionally similar materials are suggested for balancing the deficit based on such parameters. Literature sources from Siddha medicine and other allied subjects were explored and documented for the inclusive understanding of the concept of ideal substitution. Few of the standard substitutes mentioned in the classical Siddha literature were evaluated in a scientific account for its justification. An outlook on different specimens as described in the ancient texts of Tamil medicine indicates the usage of substitutes from numerous plants, animals, and other metallo-mineral ingredients. The rationale of selecting alternatives primarily depends on the equivalent following traditional attributes like organoleptic entities, potency, division, general properties, specific actions, and medicinal uses of the material shared between the raw drugs. This must undergo a systematic evaluation by pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies to justify current practices of substitution. A systematic document in these lines will give a proper guideline for the effective employment of substitute drugs in the current scenario of dwindling official botanical sources for many Traditional Siddha formulations.

Biometric identification systems are highly used for verification and identification like fingerprint recognition, voice recognition, face recognition, etc. The very famous biometric technique is fingerprint recognition. A fingerprint is the pattern of ridges and valleys on the surface of a fingertip. The endpoints and crossing points of ridges are called minutiae. The basic assumption is that the minutiae pattern of every finger is unique and does not change during one's life. In the present era, fingerprint-based biometric authentication system gets popularized, but still, this biometric system is vulnerable to various attacks, particularly presentation attacks. This chapter explains how the knowledge-driven neural networks work on fingerprint anomaly detection. In addition, the various features available to detect the anomaly in biometric are also discussed.

Term personalized medicine refers a medical model in which healthcare, medical decisions are customized and/or products to be used are tailored based on the need of the individual patient. In personalized medicine physicians and dentist recognize the variation between each patients to provide custom made concern in shape of health among the individual1 . As periodontal disease is a complex interaction of genetic factors, biological factors, behavioral factors, environmental factors and other factors, susceptibility and expression of disease differs from individuals2 . The term “Personalized medicine”, is not a new approach but it is an extension form of ethinic approaches in understanding and treating disease with higher precision.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare group of inherited disorders with defects in the development of one or more tissues derived from primary embryonic ectodermal derivatives. The inclusion of ED does not include all ectodermal derivatives and is manifested with a defect in skin, hair, teeth, and eccrine glands. Dry skin, frontal bossing, scanty eyebrows, and hair follicles are common features seen in these patients. The patient may suffer from high fever due to the absence of eccrine glands. Intraoral findings include a partial or complete absence of teeth with generalized spacing. It can be inherited or caused by a genetic mutation, and it can also happen without a family history. This case report presents a 12-year-old female child with hypohidrotic ED involving a multidisciplinary approach in ED that was beneficial both physiologically and psychologically is discussed in this case report.