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We hypothesized that the respiratory exercises have uniform effects on ventilation in healthy subjects but the effects varied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, a total of 30 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with COPD were included. Data were recorded continuously during (1) diaphragmatic breathing; (2) pursed lip breathing with full inhalation; (3) pursed lip combining diaphragmatic breathing. The sequence of the three breathing exercises was randomized using machine generated random permutation. Spatial and temporal ventilation distributions were evaluated with electrical impedance tomography. Results showed that, tidal volume was significantly larger during various breathing exercises compared to quiet tidal breathing, in both healthy and COPD (p < 0.01). However, for other EIT-based parameters, statistical significances were only observed in healthy volunteers, not in patients. Diaphragmatic breathing alone might not be able to decrease functional residual capacity in COPD and the effect varied largely from patient to patient (6:3, decrease vs. increase). Ventilation distribution moved toward ventral regions in healthy during breathing exercises (p < 0.0001). Although this trend was observed in the COPD, the differences were not significant. Ventilation became more homogeneous when diaphragmatic breathing technique was implemented (p < 0.0001). Again, the improvements were not significant in COPD. Regional ventilation delay was relatively high in COPD and comparable in various breathing periods. In conclusions, the impact of pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing varied in different patients with COPD. Breathing exercise may need to be individualized to maximize the training efficacy with help of EIT.

We investigate the process $η_c \to {\bar{K}}^0K^+π^-$ by taking into account the $S$-wave ${K^*\bar{K}^*}$ and $ρω$ interactions within the unitary coupled-channel approach, where the scalar meson $a_0(1710)$ is dynamically generated. In addition, the contributions from the intermediate resonances $K_0^*(1430)^{-}\to {\bar{K}}^0π^- $ and $K_0^*(1430)^{0}\to K^+π^-$ are also considered. We find a significant dip structure around 1.8~GeV, associated to the $a_0(1710)$, in the ${\bar{K}^0K^+}$ invariant mass distribution, and the clear peaks of the $K_0^*(1430)$ in the ${\bar{K}}^0π^-$ and $K^+π^-$ invariant mass distributions, consistent with the {\it BABAR} measurements. We further estimate the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(η_c \to \bar{K}^{*0}K^{\ast+}π^-)= 5.5\times10^{-3}$ and $\mathcal{B}(η_c \to ωρ^+π^-)= 7.9\times10^{-3}$. Our predictions can be tested by the BESIII and BelleII experiments in the future., 9 pages, 9 figures

These are raw data downloaded from TCGA database.

Background: Patients who received warfarin require constant monitoring by hospital staff. However, social distancing and stay-at-home orders, which were universally adopted strategies to avoid the spread of COVID-19, led to unprecedented challenges. This study aimed to optimize warfarin treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic by determining the role of the Internet clinic and developing a machine learning (ML) model to predict anticoagulation quality.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients who received warfarin treatment in the hospital anticoagulation clinic (HAC) and “Internet + Anticoagulation clinic” (IAC) of the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2020 and September 2021. The primary outcome was the anticoagulation quality of patients, which was evaluated by both the time in therapeutic range (TTR) and international normalized ratio (INR) variability. Anticoagulation quality and incidence of adverse events were compared between HAC and IAC. Furthermore, five ML algorithms were used to develop the anticoagulation quality prediction model, and the SHAP method was introduced to rank the feature importance.Results: Totally, 241 patients were included, comprising 145 patients in the HAC group and 96 patients in the IAC group. In the HAC group and IAC group, 73.1 and 69.8% (p = 0.576) of patients achieved good anticoagulation quality, with the average TTR being 79.9 ± 20.0% and 80.6 ± 21.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Evaluating the five ML models using the test set, the accuracy of the XGBoost model was 0.767, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.808, which showed the best performance. The results of the SHAP method revealed that age, education, hypertension, aspirin, and amiodarone were the top five important features associated with poor anticoagulation quality.Conclusion: The IAC contributed to a novel management method for patients who received warfarin during the COVID-19 pandemic, as effective as HAC and with a low risk of virus transmission. The XGBoost model could accurately select patients at a high risk of poor anticoagulation quality, who could benefit from active intervention.

Additional file 1. This additional file provided Additional tables in the paper.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics of people of different ethnic and age. Supplementary Table 2. Age-specific odds ratios and young-to-old ratio of odds ratios for risk factors and metabolic diseases in the population including subjects on medication. Supplementary Fig. 1. Participant flow diagram of the subjects. Supplementary Fig. 2. Frequency distribution of untreated diabetic individuals by age and diabetes subtypes. Supplementary Fig. 3. Frequency distribution of untreated diabetic Chinese by age and diabetes subtypes in BMI subgroups. Supplementary Fig. 4. Frequency distribution of untreated diabetic individuals by age and diabetes subtypes. Supplementary Fig. 5. Association of age with cardiometabolic metrics in different racial/ethnic adults including those on medication.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Table S2. TableS3. Subject characteristics. Figure S1. Isolation,purification, identification, and culture of human bronchial epithelial cells. A The cell growth stateswere observed and photographed under the inverted microscope. The pictures ofcultured cells were taken on day 1, 4, 7, 14, respectively. (Scale bar = 200 µm, originalmagnification: ×100; scale bar = 100 µm, originalmagnification: ×200). B The isolated NHBE and DHBE cells were cultured for 14 days, then probed with anti-human CK17/19antibody. Immunofluorescence of positive CK17/19 staining (green), DAPI stainedfor nuclear content (blue) (scale bar = 100 µm, originalmagnification: ×200). C HE and immunocytochemistry of positive CK17/19 staining (scale bar=100 µm, originalmagnification: ×200). Figure S2. Characteristics of COPD rat model. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke or normal air for 12weeks and then infected with IAV on the last day of exposure. Blood gas analysis and pulmonary function test were conducted. A Partial pressure O2(PaO2) and Partial pressure CO2(PaCO2) B Oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) C Special airwayresistance (SRaw) D Special airwayconductivity (SGaw) E Air volume per minute (MV) F Maximumexpiratory volume (EV) G Peakexpiratory flow (PEF) H Peak inspiratory flow (PIF). I HE-stained lung sections from rats 7 days’post-infection with 2.5×103 PFU of IAV and treatment with 10 mg/kg MCC950 or salinecontrol. Images shown are representative of 8 rats for each condition,Scale bars, 200 µm. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of eight rats per group. FigureS3. Increased levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum and BALF in AECOPD patients. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum and BALF were significantelevated in IAV positive group compare to IAV negative group. (* denote P

In this paper, UCG simulation experiments were carried out on selected coal samples to study the effects of the gasification agent ratio on the product gas composition and calorific value under different oxygen concentrations. Moreover, an energy recovery evaluation method based on stoichiometric theory was established based on the carbon (C) balance in the generated gas content, and the energy recovery rate and coal consumption of the underground gasification process were evaluated. Based on the composition of the produced gas and the thermodynamic law of conservation, an evaluation model of the underground coal gasification temperature field was established. The gasification chamber temperature in each stage was evaluated by calculating the reaction heat and sensible heat. The experimental and research results showed that when the volume fraction of oxygen in a gasification agent was in the range 40–70 % and the calorific value of the produced gas increased from 10.48 MJ/m3 to 12.48 MJ/m3. The calorific value of the produced gas increased with an increasing oxygen concentration. Furthermore, the energy recovery rate increased from 69.63 % to 83.88 %, indicating that the gasification efficiency of the UCG experiment can be significantly improved with an increasing oxygen concentration. The error between the theoretical value of the coal consumption and the actual monitoring value was within 10 %, which effectively evaluates the coal consumption in the gasification process. The theoretical calculation temperature was consistent with the experimental monitoring temperature results, and the reaction heat was found to also be linearly correlated with the gasification temperature. Therefore, this method can effectively determine the gasification chamber temperature. These monitoring and evaluation methods are expected to guide the analysis of subsurface field experiments.

Excess inorganic nitrogen in water poses a severe threat to enviroment. Removal of inorganic nitrogen by heterotrophic nitrifying–aerobic denitrifying microorganism is supposed to be a promising and applicable technology only if the removal rate can be maintained sufficiently high in real wastewater under various conditions, such as high concentration of salt and wide range of different nitrogen concentrations. Here, a new heterotrophic nitrifying–aerobic denitrifying bacterium was isolated and named as Pseudomonas mendocina TJPU04, which removes NH4+-N, NO3−-N and NO2−-N with average rate of 4.69, 5.60, 4.99 mg/L/h, respectively. It also maintains high nitrogen removal efficiency over a wide range of nitrogen concentrations. When concentration of NH4+-N, NO3−-N and NO2−-N was up to 150, 150 and 50 mg/L, 98%, 93%, and 100% removal efficiency could be obtained, respectively, after 30-h incubation under sterile condition. When it was applied under non-sterile condition, the ammonia removal efficiency was slightly lower than that under sterile condition. However, the nitrate and nitrite removal efficiencies under non-sterile condition were significantly higher than those under sterile condition. Strain TJPU04 also showed efficient nitrogen removal performance in the presence of high concentration of salt and nitrogen. In addition, the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, NO3−-N and TN in real wastewater were 91%, 52%, and 75%, respectively. These results suggest that strain TJPU04 is a promising candidate for efficient removal of inorganic nitrogen in wastewater treatment.

The existing track circuit monitoring system is not highly automated and lacks intelligent data analysis function, which requires a lot of manual processing. In this paper, a track circuit monitoring data processing method based on big data is proposed. The collected monitoring data are processed, and the fault modes of track circuit are clustered and analyzed. The experimental results show that the method is reliable and effective, and provides a theoretical basis and method for intelligent fault diagnosis of track circuit.

A measurement technique that decreases the root mean square error (RMSE) of measurements of human-joint angles using a personal wireless sensor network is reported. Its operation is based on virtual rotations of wireless sensors worn by the user, and it focuses on the arm, whose position is measured on $5$ degree of freedom (DOF). The wireless sensors use inertial magnetic units that measure the alignment of the arm with the earth's gravity and magnetic fields. Due to the biomechanical properties of human tissue (e.g., skin's elasticity), the sensors’ orientation is shifted, and this shift affects the accuracy of measurements. In the proposed technique, the change of orientation is first modeled from linear regressions of data collected from $15$ participants at different arm positions. Then, out of eight body indices measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the percentage of body fat is found to have the greatest correlation with the rate of change in sensors’ orientation. This finding enables us to estimate the change in sensors’ orientation from the user's body fat percentage. Finally, an algorithm virtually rotates the sensors using quaternion theory with the objective of reducing the error. The proposed technique is validated with experiments on five different participants. In the DOF, whose error decreased the most, the RMSE decreased from $2.20^{\circ}$ to $0.87^{\circ}$ . This is an improvement of $60\%$ , and in the DOF whose error decreased the least, the RMSE decreased from $1.64^{\circ}$ to $1.37^{\circ}$ . This is an improvement of $16\%$ . On an average, the RMSE improved by $44\%$ .

Lead isotope ratio data were obtained with good precision and accuracy using a 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation (fLA) system connected to a multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) and through careful control of analytical procedures. The mass fractionation coefficient induced by 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation was approximately 28% lower than that by 193 nm excimer laser ablation (eLA) with helium carrier gas. The exponential law correction method for Tl normalisation with optimum adjusted Tl ratio was utilised to obtain Pb isotopic data with good precision and accuracy. The Pb isotopic ratios of the glass reference materials NIST SRM 610, 612, 614; USGS BHVO-2G, BCR-2G, GSD-1G, BIR-1G; and MPI-DING GOR132-G, KL2-G, T1-G, StHs60/80-G, ATHO-G and ML3B-G were determined using fLA-MC-ICP-MS. The measured Pb isotopic ratios were in good agreement with the reference or published values within 2s measurement uncertainties. We also present the first high-precision Pb isotopic data for GSE-1G, GSC-1G, GSA-1G and CGSG-1, CGSG-2, CGSG-4 and CGSG-5 glass reference materials obtained using the femtosecond laser ablation MC-ICP-MS analysis technique. Des rapports isotopiques du Plomb ont ete obtenus avec une bonne precision et une bonne exactitude en utilisant un systeme d'ablation laser 266 nm femtoseconde (fLA) relie a un multicollecteur ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) et ceci grâce a un controle rigoureux des procedures analytiques. Le coefficient de fractionnement de masse induit par le systeme d'ablation laser femtoseconde 266 nm etait d'environ 28% inferieur a celui induit par un systeme d'ablation laser de type excimer 193 nm (eLA) avec de l'helium comme gaz porteur. La methode de correction en loi exponentielle pour la normalisation du Tl avec le rapport Tl ajuste de facon optimale a ete utilisee pour obtenir des donnees isotopiques du Pb avec une bonne precision et une bonne exactitude. Les rapports isotopiques du Pb des NIST SRM 610, 612 et 614; des verres de reference de l'USGS: BHVO-2G, BCR-2G, GSD-1G et BIR-1G et des verres de reference MPI-DING: GOR132-G, KL2-G, T1-G, StHs60/80-G, ATHO-G et ML3B-G ont ete determines a l'aide du systeme fLA-MC-ICP-MS. Les rapports isotopiques du Pb mesures sont en bon accord avec les valeurs de reference ou celles publiees dans un intervalle d'incertitude de mesure de 2s. Nous presentons egalement les premieres donnees isotopiques du Pb de haute precision pour les verres de reference GSE-1G, CGC-1G, GSA-1G et CGSG (CGSG-1, CGSG-2, CGSG-4 et CGSG-5) obtenues en utilisant la technique d'analyse d'ablation laser femtoseconde MC-ICP-MS.

MiR-130b mimic enhances lung cancer cell aggressiveness via PPARγ/VEGF-A/BCL-2-mediated suppression of apoptosis. (A) Representative images of A549 cells treated with miR-130b mimic and co-labeled for PPARγ (green) and VEGF-A (red) (scale bar, 50 μm). (B) Representative images of A549 cells treated with miR-130b mimic and labeled for BCL-2 (green) (scale bar, 50 μm). (C and D) MiR-130b mimic decreased PPARγ, but increased VEGF-A and BCL-2. (E) MiR-130b mimic caused a significant decrease in the luciferase activity of wt 3'-UTR of PPARγ. (F) A faster proliferation rate in cells treated with miR-130b mimic compared with controls. (G) Increased number of invaded cells with miR-130b mimic treatment (scale bar, 100 μm). (H) Longer migrated distance in cells treated with miR-130b mimic at indicated time points. (I) Increased colonies in cells treated with miR-130b mimic at 48 hours time point. (J) Decreased apoptotic cells treated with miR-130b mimic compared with controls. (K) Decreased apoptotic rate in cells treated with miR-130b mimic (scale bar, 50 μm). NC: normal control; miR-NC: miR-130b control; miR-130bm: miR-130b mimic; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5’-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling. Each bar represents the mean ± SD. Results are representative of three independent experiments. *p

We propose a novel scheme to guide cold atoms using a blue-detuned TE01 doughnut mode in a hollow metallic waveguide, calculate the electromagnetic field distribution of the TE01 mode in the hollow metallic waveguide, and compare the attenuation characters of the EH11 and TE01 mode in the hollow metallic waveguide. We also calculate the optical potential of the TE01 doughnut mode for two-level 85Rb atoms and estimate the photon scattering rate. It is found that when the detuning δ = 300 GHz, the photon scattering induced heating can be neglected, and the optical potential (Umax≈570 mK) of the TE01 mode is high enough to load cold atoms (120 μK) from a standard magneto-optical trap and to guide them in the hollow metallic waveguide, which is a desirable scheme to realize a computer-controlled atom lithography with an arbitrary pattern.

The development of a wireless sensor network (WSN) that measures joint angles of the human body is reported. Its principle of operation is based on measuring the alignment of the different segments of the limb being tracked with the earth's gravity and magnetic fields. The focus is on measurements at the shoulder and elbow joints. These are tracked with 3 and 2 degrees of freedom respectively. In order to validate the accuracy of the proposed WSN, experiments are performed with arm movements on each degree of freedom and the WSN's measurements are compared with those of a professional motion capture (mocap) system that uses infra-red (IR) cameras and markers. The average root mean square error (RMSE) across all degrees of freedom was found to be 1.39° and 2.18° when tested on a spherical coordinate system and human arm respectively. Finally, the causes for this increase on the RMSE are discussed in terms of the effects of the arm's skin and muscles on the alignment of the sensors. It is found that when the user performs the greatest efforts to make the movements, the WSN deviates the most from the IR mocap system. In the degree of freedom that is most affected, the RMSE increases from 0.96° to 2.62°. This is an increase of 173%.

The free-space ultraviolet Non-Line-Of-Sight communication system has become a hot research topic in the field of wireless communication system for its safety and efficiency. To study the feature of UVNLOS communication system, according to the classic Mie scattering theory, the single-scattering atmospheric channel model and the multi-scattering atmospheric channel model have been built in this paper. And the different performances of these two models also are analyzed. The simulation results show that if the photon’s path length is short, the single scattering model is suitable; if the path length is long,because the multiple-scattering effect is in the primary place, there is a certain error between the single scattering model and experimental results, and the matic-scattering model should be used. A reference for the further development of UV non-line-of-sight communications system is provided in this paper.