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Objective: This study evaluates the effects of mechanical cervical dilatation during scheduled cesarean section (CS) on intra- and postoperative blood loss.Methods: A single-center randomized doubl...

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a diffuse, chronic pain syndrome associated with tender body areas and somatic complaints. A high prevalence of undetected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with FM has been reported and it seems to affect their functional level. The aim of the work This study was designed to compare between the presence of CTS in FM patients and control subjects and to find out if the severity of CTS is correlated with the functional impairment questionnaire (FIQ) score. Patients & methods The study was carried out on 100 females, divided into two groups: 40 patients with fibromyalgia, their ages ranged from 20 to 45 years and 60 healthy controls, their ages ranged from 20 to 42 years. All subjects were subjected to full history taking, full locomotor examination, calculation of body mass index (BMI) and electrodiagnosis for CTS. Patients were asked to complete the FIQ. Results FM patients had a significantly higher frequency of CTS as compared to the control group. Moderate CTS was more frequent among the patients. There was a highly statistically significant correlation between the severity of CTS and the FIQ score. Also there was a highly statistically significant difference as regards the FIQ score between the two subgroups of patients. Conclusion CTS is more frequent in patients with FM than the normal population. Correlations between the severity of CTS and the FIQ score prove that CTS is one of the main causes of impairment in patients with FM.

Background: To our knowledge, no large population – based studies have been performed on the topic of menstrual patterns among Egyptian adolescent in recent years. The aims of this study were to identify menstrual patterns and associated disorders as well as the sources of menstrual health knowledge among Egyptian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey. A total of 800 questionnaires were administered to post-menarcheal Egyptian adolescents attending secondary schools in Giza, Egypt, from September 1, 2012, to December 1, 2013. Participants were asked to respond to a semi-structured questionnaire on menstrual health awareness. The questionnaire included items on girl’s socio-demographic and menstrual pattern characteristics, concerning their age at menarche, menstrual cycle length and regularity, duration and amount of flow, type and severity of pain related to menstruation, need for analgesia; and symptoms suggestive of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Main Outcome Measure: description of menstrual patterns, disorders and source of knowledge. Results: Four hundred twelve (51.5 %) out of 800 adolescents completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the girls was 14.67± 1.7 years. Mean age at menarche was 12.49±1.20 years. 382 respondents reported various menstrual disorders, giving a prevalence rate of 95 %. Dysmenorrhea was the most prevalent (93 %) menstrual disorder in our sample, followed by PMS (65 %), and abnormal cycle lengths (43 %). Menstrual disorders interfered with social and academic life of 33 and 7.7 % of respondents respectively. Most participants lacked menstrual health knowledge and only 8.9 % of girls reported consulting a physician. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest studies on menstrual pattern and disorders among Egyptian adolescent girls. Our Findings of the present study are consistent with other studies and reported higher than expected prevalence of menstrual disorders.

Although numerous cases of endometrial osseous metaplasia appear in the literature, only 6 cases of osseous metaplasia of the cervix have been reported since 1982. A 30 years old nulligravida women was referred to our colposcopy clinic with cervical mass. General, gynecologic and colposcopic assessments were done. The patient had an excision biopsy. Diagnosis of cervical osseous metaplasia was confirmed on histologic examination. The cervical epithelium has the potency to differentiate to multiple types of epithelium including osseous epithelium.