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The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the plasticity and development of the central nervous system. Thereby the protein synthesis is highly related to neuronal activity, and its signaling pathways are associated with several substances like, e.g. glucocorticoids, which seem to be able to activate BDNF-Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). While there is evidence that acute physical stress can result in advantageous physiological outcomes like an enhanced BDNF level, outcome parameters in response to psychosocial stress are primarily focused on psychological parameters. The existing literature pointing on the impact of acute psychosocial stress on physiological parameters is controversial and differs depending on the species, the stressor used, and the study methodology. It was hypothesized that an acute standardized psychosocial stressor would increase the BDNF level and therefore show beneficial physiological outcome parameters through psychosocial stress. The serum BDNF levels of 32 healthy young males (

The nuclear fission process is a dramatic example of the large-amplitude collective motion in which the nucleus undergoes a series of shape changes before splitting into distinct fragments. This motion can be represented by a pathway in the many-dimensional space of collective coordinates. The collective action along the fission pathway determines the spontaneous fission half-lives as well as mass and charge distributions of fission fragments. We study the performance and precision of various methods to determine the minimum action and minimum-energy fission trajectories in the collective space. We apply the nudged elastic band method (NEB), grid-based methods, and Euler Lagrange approach to the collective action minimization in two and three dimensional collective spaces. The performance of various approaches to the fission pathway problem is assessed by studying the collective motion along both analytic energy surfaces and realistic potential energy surfaces obtained with the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory. The uniqueness and stability of the solutions is studied. The NEB method is capable of efficient determination of the exit points on the outer turning surface that characterize the most probable fission pathway and constitute the key input for fission studies. This method can also be used to accurately compute the critical points (i.e., local minima and saddle points) on the potential energy surface of the fissioning nucleus that determine the static fission path. The NEB method is the tool of choice for finding the least-action and minimum energy fission trajectories. It will be particularly useful in large-scale fission calculation of superheavy nuclei and neutron-rich fissioning nuclei contributing to the astrophysical r-process recycling., Comment: 12 Pages, 9 Figures

Both intense physical activity and potent psychosocial stressors increase blood lactate. Raising lactate levels by infusing the chemical can have an anxiogenic effect. Here, we compare the relationship between changes in lactate and anxiety levels resulting from two standardized stressors. We investigated the effects of the Multiple Wingate All-Out Performance Test (WG), a strong physical stressor, and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a well-documented psychosocial stressor, in 32 healthy young men using a crossover design. Before and after each stressor, venous blood was analyzed for lactate levels and the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was given. Both stressors raised both lactate and anxiety significantly above their baseline levels. While the rise in lactate was much higher for the WG than for the TSST, the rises in anxiety were nearly equal. Individual fitness did not influence the results for lactate or anxiety. No significant relation between lactate and anxiety changes were found. Thus, our results as well as the literature suggest that lactate is an important variable for understanding the impact of sport participation.

Protein purification is imperative to the study of protein structure and function and is usually used in combination with biophysical techniques. It is also a key component in the development of new therapeutics. The evolving era of functional proteomics is fueling the demand for high-throughput protein purification and improved techniques to facilitate this. It was hypothesized that a multi column plate adaptor (MCPA) can interface multiple chromatography columns of different resins with multi-well plates for parallel purification. This method offers an economical and versatile method of protein purification that can be used under gravity or vacuum, rivaling the speed of an automated system. The MCPA can be used to recover milligram yields of protein by an affordable and time efficient method for subsequent characterization and analysis. The MCPA has been used for high-throughput affinity purification of SH3 domains. Ion exchange has also been demonstrated via the MCPA to purify protein post Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, indicating how this system can be adapted to other purification types. Due to its setup with multiple columns, individual customization of parameters can be made in the same purification, unachievable by the current plate-based methods.

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effects of an upper body-resistance training (UBR) and lower body-resistance training (LBR) on arterial stiffness (AS) and peripheral and central blood pressure (BP) of young recreationally active and normotensive women. 20 young women were separated into an UBR group (n = 10) and an LBR group (n = 10) performing four exercises of three sets and 12 repetitions with 70% of the One-repetition maximum. At rest (pre), as well as 1 (post1′), 10 (post10′), and 60 (post60′) min after the respective training, heart rate (HR), peripheral (pSysBP; pDiaBP), central blood pressure (cSysBP; cDiaBP), and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured. Resting values revealed no differences between the groups in any parameter. After the exercise HR increased in both groups, pSysBP increased after LBR and cSysBP increased after UBR at timepoint post1′. PWV did not show any significant differences between the groups and between any timepoints. pDiaBP and cDiaBP values were higher in the LBR group compared to the UBR group at post1′. All values reached pre values at post60′ in both groups. The adaptation pattern of the measured PWV as a measure of AS and BP parameters in UBR compared to LBR is similar, and all parameters regulate to their baseline values within 1 h. Therefore, no unfavorable acute effects of UBR or LBR are observed and, hence, can be recommended for this study population.

Public perception of the fulfillment of clean water needs will depend on a number of factors, including social, economic, cultural and community habits. This research was conducted in Nekmese Village in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This village is one of the villages that has not received good clean water services, even though this village has sufficient availability of clean water throughout the season. This study aims to examine the perception of rural communities in the provision of sustainable clean water. Data collection is done by observation and survey by interview and questionnaire. The results showed that 41% of respondents felt they were insufficient in providing clean water, while the other 59% felt they were insufficient. This fact is supported by the data on the use of clean water on average by 40 Lpcd. For the sustainability of clean water supply, the results of the study show positive perceptions from the community, but contrary to wasteful measures in water use, maintenance of water sources and participation in water supply in his village. This could be due to the low level of public education, and lack of hearing about information about clean water. The research recommends increasing the awareness and participation of the community in the provision of sustainable clean water.

Holoraumy is a tool being developed for dimensional enhancement (supersymmetry holography) where the goal is to build higher dimensional supersymmetric multiplets from lower dimensional supersymmetric multiplets. In this paper, for the first time we investigate holoraumy for on-shell supersymmetry. Specifically, the holoraumy tensors for a number of familiar 4D, $\mathcal{N}=1$ multiplets are calculated. It is shown in all of these cases of on-shell theories, the holoraumy is of the form of an electromagnetic duality charge multiplying a composite transformation involving an electromagnetic duality rotation through an angle of $\pi/2$ times a space time translation. The details of our calculations can be found at the HEPTHools Data Repository at https://hepthools.github.io/Data/., Comment: Latex twice, 21 pages, final version includes one additional reference, teo citation correction, and 2-form clarifying language, link to the HEPTHools Data Repository included

We present arguments to support the existence of weight spaces for supersymmetric field theories and identify the calculations of information about supermultiplets to define such spaces via the concept of "holoraumy." For the first time this is extended to the complex linear supermultiplet by a calculation of the commutator of supercovariant derivatives on all of its component fields., Comment: 27 pages, five figures, three tables, LaTeX twice, latest version include coding descriptions and on-line access to codes, complete `crystal' description, Univ. of Maryland Preprint #: UMDEPP--017-020, Brown Univ. Preprint #: HET-1711

Population studies of the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus) suggest that fluctuations in the population dynamics of this lizard are driven by spatial and temporal variation in annual recruitment. Although variation in survival of eggs or embryos is known to contribute greatly to variation in annual recruitment in many other lizard species, little is known about these early life history stages and their contributions to the population dynamics of S. arenicolus. Here we describe the first 3 observations of nesting in the wild for S. arenicolus. All observations took place between 2005 and 2011 at Caprock Wildlife Area, 48 km east of Roswell, New Mexico. From these observations, we supplement existing knowledge of these early life history stages, which can inform working models of life history evolution for this lizard endemic to the Mescalero Sands and Monahans Sandhills ecosystems. RESUMEN.—Estudios poblacionales sobre las lagartijas Artemisa de las dunas (Sceloporus arenicolus) sugieren que las fluctuaciones en la dinamica poblacional de esta lagartija se deben a la variacion espacial y temporal en el reclu- tamiento anual. Aunque se conoce que la variacion en la supervivencia de huevos o embriones contribuye en gran medida a la variacion en el reclutamiento anual en muchas otras especies de lagartijas, poco se sabe sobre estos estadios tempranos de la historia de vida y sus contribuciones a la dinamica poblacional de S. arenicolus. Aqui describimos las primeras tres observaciones de anidaciones en zonas silvestres para S. arenicolus. Todas las observaciones tuvieron lugar entre 2005 y 2011 en el Area Silvestre de Caprock, 48 kilometros al este de Roswell, en Nuevo Mexico. Con estas obser- vaciones, podemos complementar el conocimiento existente sobre estas etapas tempranas de la historia de vida, que puede utilizarse para documentar los modelos de evolucion de la historia de vida de esta lagartija endemica a los ecosis- temas arenosos Mescalero y Monahans.

Several studies have shown that the amount of water consumption by communities will depend on the factors of water consumption patterns that are influenced by social, cultural, economic and local climate conditions. Research on the linkage between rainfall and household water consumption in semi-arid areas of Indonesia has never been done. This study has been conducted on 17 regions in NTT, and case study has taken samples in one town and one village. The research used survey and documentation method. The results show that the average amount of household water consumption in semi-arid region of East Nusa Tenggara is 107 liters / person / day. Statistical test results using Pearson correlation found r = -0.194 and sig = 0.448. This means that there is a negative correlation between rainfall and household water consumption. The greater the rainfall the smaller the consumption of water, or the smaller the rainfall the greater the consumption of water, but the linkage is not significant. Research shows that the amount of household water consumption will be influenced by many interrelated factors and none of the most dominant factors, including the size of the rainfall that occurs in a region.