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This study aimed to compare the mechanical and functional muscle performance of three different competitive soccer teams of the Costa Rica professional league (U17, Pro A, and Pro B). Age 20.09 ± 4.32 years old, weight body mass 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, height 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; body fat percentage 13.9 ± 5.06 %; lean body mass 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; lean body mass right lower limb 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; lean body mass left lower limb 10.09 ± 0.92 kg. The variables assessed were muscle time of contraction, muscle radial displacement, delay time, squat jump, and countermovement jump. The devices used were dual ray absorptiometry, tensiomyography, and jump platform. There were differences in weight, body mass, and body fat % (Pro A< U17 U17). There were no significant differences in muscle time of contraction, delay time, or radial deformation. The knowledge of differences in both muscle functional and mechanical performance could lead to new training and recovery methods and protocols considering the player’s professional levels.

Herein we report the light-triggered photophoretic motion of WS2 micromotors.

The increasing trend and projection for the use of wearable sensors technology in the general population have led to the development of different inertial measurement units (IMU) to monitor activity and motion variables during exercise or sports. This study aims to systematize the practical experience of developing an inertial measurement device to quantify external load in real time for runners. This article shows the installed capacity of Costa Rican higher education institutions to integrate existing sensors available in the international market in a single device to program it and use it for different sport science purposes. Two scientific laboratories joined resources and integrated an interdisciplinary team composed of exercise physiologists, sports scientists, physiotherapists, and electromechanical engineers who globally faced the challenge of creating SafeRun IMU. In this case, an IMU was constructed with great success, capable of quantifying external load variables controlled from a mobile device in real-time. The results showed an acceptable agreement and reliability of the data extracted from the IMU. The information collected from this IMU could be used to control and quantify external load to develop or redirect exercise programming and prescription and prevent overuse injuries or physical overload conditions. This device differs from other existing ones due to its small size and portability, which benefits its commercialization and massification. La creciente tendencia y proyección para el uso de tecnología de sensores portátiles en la población en general ha llevado al desenvolvimiento de diferentes dispositivos de medición inercial, para monitorear las variables de actividad y movimiento durante el ejercicio o los deportes. El objetivo del presente estudio es sistematizar la experiencia práctica de desarrollar un dispositivo de medición inercial, con el fin de cuantificar la carga externa en tiempo real para los corredores. Este artículo demostró la capacidad instalada de las instituciones de educación superior de Costa Rica para integrar los sensores existentes disponibles en el mercado internacional en un solo dispositivo, con el propósito de programarlo y usarlo en diferentes fines de ciencias del deporte. Dos laboratorios científicos unieron esfuerzos e integraron un equipo interdisciplinario compuesto por fisiólogos del ejercicio, científicos del deporte, fisioterapeutas e ingenieros electromecánicos, quienes, de manera global, afrontaron el reto de la creación de la IMU. En este caso, se desarrolló una IMU con gran éxito, capaz de cuantificar las variables de carga externa controladas desde un dispositivo móvil en tiempo real. Los resultados mostraron un nivel de concordancia y fiabilidad aceptable de los datos extraídos de la IMU. La información obtenida de esta IMU podría usarse para controlar y cuantificar la carga externa, con miras a desplegar o redirigir la programación y prescripción de ejercicios, así como con el afán de prevenir lesiones por sobreuso o condiciones de sobrecarga física. A crescente tendência e projeção para o uso da tecnologia de sensores portáteis na população em geral levou ao desenvolvimento de diferentes dispositivos de medição inercial para monitorar as variáveis de atividade e de movimento durante o exercício ou esportes. O objetivo do presente estudo é sistematizar a experiência prática de desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de medição inercial, a fim de quantificar a carga externa em tempo real para os corredores. Este artigo demonstrou a capacidade instalada das instituições de ensino superior da Costa Rica para integrar os sensores existentes disponíveis no mercado internacional em um único dispositivo, com a finalidade de programá-lo e usá-lo para diferentes fins de ciência do esporte. Dois laboratórios científicos uniram forças e integraram uma equipe interdisciplinar composta por fisiologistas do exercício, cientistas do esporte, fisioterapeutas e engenheiros eletromecânicos, que, de forma global, enfrentaram o desafio de criar a IMU. Neste caso, foi desenvolvida uma IMU de grande sucesso, capaz de quantificar variáveis de carga externas controladas a partir de um dispositivo móvel em tempo real. Os resultados mostraram um nível aceitável de concordância e confiabilidade dos dados extraídos da IMU. As informações obtidas desta IMU poderiam ser utilizadas para monitorar e quantificar a carga externa, com o objetivo de implantar ou redirecionar a programação e prescrição de exercícios, bem como com o objetivo de evitar lesões por uso excessivo ou condições de sobrecarga física.

The aim was to describe the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and associated factors of long-COVID. Bibliographic research of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was carried out in MEDLINE (through PubMed) until April 7th, 2022. 37 articles were found and 3 were included. Evidence quality was assessed via AMSTAR 2 criteria. Long-COVID prevalence is 43% (IC95%: 39% – 46%). Main clinical manifestations were weakness (41% [IC95%: 25% – 59%]), malaise (33% [IC95%: 15% – 57%]), fatigue (31% [IC95%: 24% – 39%]), concentration impairment (26% [IC95%: 21% – 32%]), and breathlessness (25% [IC95%: 18% – 34%]). Factors associated with long COVID were female sex, initial disease severity, age, and presence of comorbidities.

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential relationship between ACTN-3 and ACE gene expression over the change in muscle mechanical and functional properties in youth handballers through a congested tournament. 30 players of the first handball division of Costa Rica participated in this study. The participants played a national tournament during three consecutive days (one match per day). The collection of genetic samples was through a mouth rinse with a 5% sucrose solution before the tournament. PCR tests were used to detect the alleles of the ACE and ACTN3 genes and the product´s reaction was visualized by electrophoresis. Before and after each match, tensiomyography (TMG) and Countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were used to assess mechanical and functional properties respectively. Descriptive frequency analyses and a one-way analysis of variance of independent groups were the statistics test applied. The results showed that the most prevalent polymorphisms expression was ACTN-3 R-X (56.7%) and ECA I-D (43.3%). No significant differences (p> 0.050) were found between genes expressed in the mechanical responses (contraction time (TC), delay time (TD) and, maximum radial displacement (DM)) of the rectus femoral muscle of the dominant leg neither in performance in the test CMJ. Likewise, there was no significant change (p> 0.050) in muscle mechanical or functional properties post official matches. In conclusion, handball players have the genes ACE and ACTN. Nevertheless, it seems to have no influence of these genes on the mechanical or functional muscles acute responses. More investigations will be needed to explain and understand the real impact of this gene’s expression on muscle performance in handball players.

The purpose of this case study was to present the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic treatment based on manual orthopedic techniques in an amateur athlete with costochondritis due to physical strenuous exercise. A 31 years old experienced, well-trained, endurance amateur athlete presented chest pain suggesting costochondritis after physical and kinetic examination. Patient reported to present pain after physical effort in the last two weeks (combination of mountain biking, route cycling, running, swimming and yoga). Manual therapy including techniques as resonant oscillation mobilization of the thoracic region, Lewit´s post-isometric relaxation and sliding of the right humeral head, cervico-thoracic high speed technique mobilization, active-assisted mobilization of 7th to 10th ribs during expiratory phase, superficial myofascial induction in lower costal area and, muscle power technique, is effective to relieve pain increase mobility of cervical rotation, increase mobility of glenohumeral joint (e.g., internal rotation), in an amateur athlete with costochondritis due to physical strenuous exercise.

La gestión empresarial basada en los costos que intervienen en los procesos de producción sean directos o no, permiten el estudio de diversas actividades que incorporan valor para la correcta determinación de la estructura de los costos y, suministrar un proceso analítico. La investigación tributa a la fundamentación teórica del desarrollo del sistema de costos por procesos, y se propone un procedimiento para el perfeccionamiento de la acumulación y cálculo del mismo, en la producción de huevos y carne de aves, contribuyendo a mejorar la toma de decisiones en las Unidades Avícolas, de Pinar del Río, Cuba, para obtener una correcta eficacia y eficiencia en los resultados propuestos. Dado el carácter centralizado de le economía cubana, se asumió el proceso de acumulación de costos desde una perspectiva tradicional, se podrá observar una incidencia directa en los patrones de reparto y en los propios centros de decisión y asignación de los costos.

This study aimed to compare physical and physiological demands in youth basketball players according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes. 64 players (32 female and 32 male) from eight youth sub-elite basketball teams were monitored using an Ultra-Wide Band system and inertial measurement unit in three consecutive matches. The results showed some significant differences, although with magnitudes qualified as small. When the teams won, the guards covered a greater distance at 0-6 km/h than when they lost. When teams lost, the centers covered more distance at 12-18 km/h and 18-21 km/h. The winning female teams presented a lower maximal heart rate (HRmax) compared to the losing teams. The forwards of the winning teams performed greater efforts at 70-80% HRmax, while the forwards of losing teams performed more efforts at 90-95% HRmax. The greatest number of accelerations and decelerations were performed by the female guards and the male forwards. The number of jumps was higher in the male guards and forwards than in the female ones. HRmax was higher in the forwards of the female teams. Efforts at 80%-90% HRmax were higher in male centers. When the female teams won, they had a lower HRmax than when they lost. When efforts exceed 90% of HRmax the teams lost. In conclusion, despite the differences found, the effect of these contextual variables on physical and physiological demands is unclear. Nevertheless, knowing the game's requirements can help the design of training that enhances the performance of youth basketball players

This invention refers to a time controller for up to six users for board games. The device uses a microcontroller and bluetooth module by means of which the number of players and the time of the turns can be configured. This controller indicates by audible and visual signals the current turn, the last seconds and the turn change. The method for counting the turn time guarantees to perform actions by interruptions, generated by the different buttons of the device, using a single microcontroller and with sequential programming.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contextualizar a metodologia abordada na documentação de processo criativo de uma obra audiovisual. Baseados na metodologia de pesquisa autoetnográfica, observamos os registros audiovisuais captados como documentos de processo da criação específica. Relacionamos esta forma de registro ao modo fílmico dos filmes-diários, atentando à obra do cineasta Jonas Mekas, mais especificamente a seu curta ‘Song of Avignon’ (1998) e como seus filmes retratam e comprovam sua vida e seus processos. A partir de Lúcia Gouvea Pimentel refletimos sobre a criação em arte como possibilidade metodológica de pesquisa e com Cecília Salles referenciamos o processo de criação relatado e seus dispositivos às características comuns a tal instância da criação, assim caracterizando a pesquisa como estudo de caso do método escolhido como meio de registro.

There is currently an increase in inertial flywheel application in strength training; thus, it must be monitored by an accurate and reliable device. The present study tested: (1) the accuracy of an inertial measurement device (IMU) to correctly measure angular velocity and (2) its inter-unit reliability for the measurement of external load. The analysis was performed using Pearson Correlation and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The IMU accuracy was tested using Bland-Altman and the reliability with the coefficient of variation (CV). Ten elite-level football players performed ten series of 5 repetitions in a one-hand standing row exercise (5 series with each arm). A nearly perfect accuracy (ICC=.999) and a very good between-device reliability (Bias=-.010; CV=.017%) was found. IMU is a reliable and valid device to assess angular velocity in inertial flywheel workout objectively. Resumen Actualmente, hay un aumento en la utilización de la polea cónica en el entrenamiento de fuerza; por lo tanto, es necesario monitorearlo con un dispositivo preciso y confiable. El presente estudio probó: (1) la precisión de un dispositivo de medición inercial (IMU), para medir correctamente la velocidad angular y (2) su confiabilidad entre unidades para la medición de carga externa. El análisis se realizó utilizando la correlación de Pearson y el Coeficiente de Correlación Intra-clase (CCI). La precisión de la IMU se probó usando Bland-Altman y la confiabilidad con el Coeficiente de Variación (CV). Diez jugadores de fútbol de nivel élite realizaron 10 series de 5 repeticiones en un ejercicio de fila de pie con una mano (5 series con cada brazo). Se encontró una precisión casi perfecta (ICC = .999) y una muy buena confiabilidad entre dispositivos (Sesgo = -. 010; CV = .017%). IMU´s es un dispositivo confiable y válido para evaluar objetivamente la velocidad angular en el entrenamiento inercial de la polea cónica. Resumo Atualmente, há um aumento na utilização da polia cônica no treinamento de força; portanto, é necessário monitorá-lo com um dispositivo preciso e confiável. O presente estudo testou: (1) a precisão de um dispositivo de medição inercial (IMU), para medir corretamente a velocidade angular e (2) sua confiabilidade interunidades para medição de carga externa. A análise foi realizada por meio da correlação de Pearson e do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). A precisão do IMU foi testada usando Bland-Altman e a confiabilidade com o Coeficiente de Variação (CV). Dez jogadores de futebol de elite realizaram 10 séries de 5 repetições em um exercício de linha em pé com uma mão (5 séries com cada braço). Foi encontrado uma precisão quase perfeita (ICC = 0,999) e confiabilidade entre dispositivos muito boa (Bias = - 0,010; CV = 0,017%). IMU's é um dispositivo confiável e válido para avaliar objetivamente a velocidade angular no treinamento inercial da polia cônica.

Most prostate cancer patients who undergo androgen-deprivation therapy or orchiectomy will eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), often preceded by a nonmetastatic CRPC state known as M0CRPC. The recent development of second-generation antiandrogens provides clinicians with efficacious and safe treatments for M0CRPC. However, the complexity of these patients, who typically have to deal with underlying comorbidities and polypharmacy, often challenges therapeutic decisions in this setting. The recent development of novel imaging techniques also provides clinicians with tools for detecting metastases with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the lack of evidence on the early detection of metastases and the corresponding impact on therapeutic decisions makes these techniques a double-edged sword that must be managed appropriately. Here, we present the expert view of the rapidly evolving concept of M0CRPC and provide recommendations for the identification of these patients, the appropriate use of the emerging imaging modalities, and patients’ management, particularly considering their clinical complexity and the recent development of next-generation antiandrogens.

El presente trabajo se enfoca en la automatización mediante una aplicación móvil y una página administrativa, de la contratación de servicios profesionales. Esta idea surge de la crisis sanitaria generada por el COVID-19, que afectó principalmente a los aspectos sociales y económicos, lo que provocó un incremento en el indicador de desempleo en la mayoría de los países. Durante esta crisis, empresas que ofrecen sus servicios enfocados en entregas a domicilio, mediante aplicaciones móviles, tuvieron un gran crecimiento debido a su gran demanda por la situación actual; sin embargo, otro tipo de servicios, como los de profesionales informales, se vieron gravemente afectados al no contar con ninguna aplicación que facilite su contratación. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto se utilizó la herramienta de desarrollo Android Studio con el lenguaje de programación Kotlin para la aplicación móvil, y para la página administrativa el Framework Angular, sobre el lenguaje Typescript, ambas aplicaciones se conectan con la plataforma Firebase, que permite la gestión de la información y evita la gestión de un servidor, lo que acelera el desarrollo del lado del cliente.

Las novelas de Enrique Lihn enmascaran tras una cultura del espectáculo, actos represivos latentes. La narrativa del autor está cruzada por la presencia de situaciones intolerables generadas por un régimen fascista, el cual se vale de la retórica ideológica y el simulacro, para crear cultos a la personalidad y formas de vasallaje cultural. Batman en Chile se construye como un artefacto que evidencia el locus horridus nacional. El kitsch, como estrategia textual, permite al autor apropiarse del lenguaje y los formatos que deja el detritus de los mass media, a la vez busca evadir un ambiente de censura y control de los discursos. El mundo de la novela es un simulacro de ideologías que se ajustan al modelo americano de vida. Una representación de la realidad chilena del periodo de la guerra fría que expone el espectáculo y los medios de masas como aparatos ideológicos al servicio de las deformaciones del poder y su retórica.

Organ on-a-chip (OoC) is a promising technology that aims to recapitulate human body pathophysiology in a more precise way to advance in drug development and complex disease understanding. However, the presence of OoC in biological laboratories is still limited and mainly restricted to laboratories with access to cleanroom facilities. Besides, the current analytical methods employed to extract information from the organ models are endpoint and

Membrane cardiolipin (CL) phospholipids play a fundamental role in the adaptation of bacteria to various environmental conditions, including saline stress. Here, we constructed deletion mutants of two CL synthetase genes,clsAandclsB, in the rhizobacteriumPseudomonas fluorescensUM270, and evaluated their role in plant growth promotion under salt stress.P. fluorescensUM270 ΔclsAand ΔclsBmutants showed a significant reduction in CL synthesis compared to the UM270 wild-type strain (58% ΔclsAand 53% ΔclsB), and their growth rate was not affected, except when grown at 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Additionally, the root colonization capacity of both mutant strains was impaired compared with that of the wild type. Concomitant with the deletion ofclsAandclsB, some physiological changes were observed in the UM270 ΔclsAand ΔclsBmutants, such as a reduction in indole acetic acid and biofilm production. By contrast, an increase in siderophore biosynthesis was observed. Further, inoculation of the UM270 wild-type strain in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentumSaladette) grown under salt stress conditions (100 and 200 mM NaCl) resulted in an increase in root and shoot length, chlorophyll content, and dry weight. On the contrary, when each of the mutants(ΔclsAand ΔclsB) were inoculated in tomato plants, a reduction in root length was observed when grown at 200 mM NaCl, but the shoot length, chlorophyll content, and total plant dry weight parameters were significantly reduced under normal or saline conditions (100 and 200 mM NaCl), compared to UM270 wild-type-inoculated plants. In conclusion, these results suggest that CL synthesis inP. fluorescensUM270 plays an important role in the promotion of tomato plant growth under normal conditions, but to a greater extent, under salt-stress conditions.

Resumen Introduccion El objetivo fue determinar si la variacion de las puntuaciones de la percepcion del ambiente educacional esta asociada con la variacion en el rendimiento academico de los estudiantes de medicina de una universidad publica en el periodo 2014-2018. Metodos Estudio longitudinal. El ambiente educacional fue evaluado con el Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). La primera medicion fue en estudiantes de segundo ano en 2014 y la segunda medicion fue en 2018. Se uso la prueba «t» de Student para datos pareados para comparar las medias del DREEM. La relacion entre percepcion del ambiente educacional y rendimiento academico se evaluo a traves de ecuaciones de estimaciones generalizadas. Resultados No se encontro una diferencia significativa entre los promedios del DREEM (Δ = 1,6; IC 95%: –3,5 a 6,7; p = 0,53). No se encontro una asociacion entre las variaciones de las puntuaciones del DREEM y las variaciones del rendimiento academico (OR = 1,0; IC 95%: 1,0 a 1,0; p = 0,74). Se encontro asociacion con la edad (OR = 1,1; IC 95%: 1,1 a 1,2; p Conclusion No se encontro una asociacion entre las diferencias de los promedios de la percepcion del ambiente educacional y las diferencias en rendimiento academico.

El uso de la ecografía terapéutica (TUS) en la ciencia del deporte, la medicina y la rehabilitación ha aumentado significativamente en la última década. Este crecimiento ha estado acompañado de un gran interés científico por el estudio de las respuestas durante el tratamiento de lesiones y el hallazgo de la dosis óptima. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta revisión narrativa fue explorar el conocimiento informado hasta la fecha sobre el uso de TUS y las consideraciones metodológicas al aplicarlo en la evaluación de lesiones deportivas. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica (PubMed [MEDLINE], Science Direct [EMBASE], Web of Science [WoS] y Google Scholar) siguiendo las pautas de revisión sistemática (PRISMA), e incluyó solo revisiones sistemáticas sobre la aplicación de TUS en los deportes. El resultado de esta revisión es la presentación de algunas consideraciones metodológicas al utilizar la TUS en la práctica deportiva, dando una orientación general para su uso de seguridad, eficiencia y efectividad considerando la necesidad de recuperarse rápidamente de las lesiones en el deporte.

Rico-González, M, Pino-Ortega, J, Rojas-Valverde, D, and Arcos, AL. Comparing sampling frequencies to measure collective tactical variables during soccer training. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2862-2867, 2022-The sampling frequency of microsensors that measure the position of the players in team sports is a variable that could affect the accuracy of the measurement. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the sampling frequency on the outcomes of tactical behavior variables during soccer training. Sixteen U16 male soccer players participated in the study. Three tactical variables (change in the geometrical center position [cGCp], mean distance between players [mean-DbP], and total area [TA]) were measured at 4 different sampling frequencies (i.e., 10, 4, 2, and 1 Hz) during a 7+goalkeeper-a-side soccer match by a time motion tracking system using inertial measurement units (IMU; WIMU PRO, RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain). Significant (p0.01) and substantial (ES = moderate-large) differences were found in the cGCp values across all sampling frequencies. Several significant (p0.05) and substantial (ES = small-moderate) differences were found in the mean-DbP values between 10 data per second and the rest of the sampling frequencies. There were no significant (p0.05) and substantial (ES = trivial) differences in the TA values across all sampling frequencies. The sampling frequency affects the outcomes of cGCp and mean-DbP but does not affect the values of TA. The outcomes of the studies that assess collective tactical behavior should be compared with caution if GC-related and distance variables were measured using different sampling frequencies. In addition, it seems that a smaller amount of data could be sufficient to measure area variables with greater magnitudes.

Autonomous self-propelled micromachines based on semiconductors are at the forefront of environmental pollutants degradation research to palliate the effects of the contamination arising from the constant manufacturing of new products. Nonetheless, testing these micromotors with real-life products is almost an unexplored field, limiting the degradation of pollutants to single-component aqueous solutions or suspensions at the laboratory scale, which hinders the translation of these micromachines into useful systems. Herein, Ag

This paper analyzes the semantics of the French and Spanish prepositions en from the point of view of diachrony. We focus on the spatial variation of their usage in both languages. Our methodological approach is based on a corpus analysis. We draw on comparable ancient texts and analyze some semantic categories that are fundamental for the spatial description. Our results reveal a fairly active evolution of prepositions with increases and decreases of usage where we did not expect them.

The customized design of micro-/nanomotors represents one of the main research topics in the field of micro-/nanomotors; however, the effects of different crystal facets on micromotor movement are often neglected. In this work, self-propelled amorphous, cubic, and tetrahedral Ag3PO4 particles were synthetized using a scalable precipitation method. Their programmable morphologies exhibited different motion properties under fuel-free and surfactant-free conditions and visible light irradiation. Differences in these motion properties were observed according to morphology and correlated with photocatalytic activity. Moreover, Ag3PO4 micromotors are inherently fluorescent, which allows fluorescence-based tracking. Furthermore, bacterial biofilms represent a major concern in modern society since most of them are antibiotic resistant. The as-prepared self-propelled particles exhibited morphologically dependent antibiofilm activities toward gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The enhanced diffusion of the particles promoted biofilm removal in comparison with static control experiments, realizing the possibility of a new class of light-driven biofilm-eradicating micromotors that do not require the use of both H2O2 and UV light. Self-propelled amorphous, cubic, and tetrahedral Ag3PO4 micromotors were synthetized using a scalable precipitation method for antibacterial applications. Their programmable morphologies exhibited different motion properties under fuel-free and surfactant-free conditions and visible light irradiation. Differences in these motion properties were observed according to morphology and correlated with photocatalytic activity. Ag3PO4 micromotors are inherently fluorescent. The as-prepared self-propelled particles exhibited morphologically dependent antibiofilm activities toward eradication of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Background: Recovery between efforts is critical to achieving optimal physical and sports performance. In this sense, many nutritional supplements that have been proven to improve recovery and physical and physiological performance are widely used. Supplements such as nitrates (NO3−), including organic foods such as beets, promote muscle recovery and relieve fatigue. This study aimed to comprehensively summarise the available literature on the effect of NO3− consumption on exercise-related fatigue and muscle damage. Methods: A systematic search was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) using electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). From a total of 1634 studies identified, 15 studies were included in this review. Results: Based on the review, NO3− intake provokes physiological and metabolic responses that could potentially boost exercise-related recovery. NO3− could improve recovery indicators related to strength, pain, inflammation, and muscle damage. Conclusions: Despite the relative proven effectiveness of NO3− on recovery after aerobic and anaerobic efforts, based on the heterogeneity of the procedures (e.g., dosage, chronic vs. acute intake, participants’ characteristics, variables and outcomes), it could be premature to suggest its extended use in sports.

Purpose: To investigate the dissolution properties of various brands of naproxen in four dissolution media in order to forecast their biological availability. Methods: Dissolution tests were carried out in a dissolution tester with 48 tablets of different naproxen brands in 900 mL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Subsequently, the medium was modified with 600 mL of buffer plus 300 mL of cola drink, grapefruit or milk. Each sample was taken and brought to a concentration approximating that of a reference solution. Absorbance at 332 nm was determined and the dissolution, Q, was calculated (Q values ≥ 80.0 ± 5 % were acceptable). Results: Dissolution in buffer was > 85 %. In cola drink, it was < 80 %, while in grapefruit juice, it was in the range of 7 - 68 %. Using 2-way ANOVA, these media and the three naproxen brands showed significant differences (F = 68.90, p = 0.0000; F = 23.18, p = 0.0000). With Fisher's LSD test, two of these media contributed consistently to dissolution, and the three drug brands showed statistically different dissolution profiles (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Caution must be exercised cola drink, grapefruit juice and milk are used to administered naproxen as the biological availability of the drug may be altered.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have analysed the effect of wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) on gait analysis, balance and its relation to health. However, further research is needed to study its effect on the difference of chain reactions in the transfer of body impacts from the lower to the upper limbs. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present research were: (a) to compare the effects of wearing HHS on impacts across body joints during walking with sport shoes (SS) as a reference, and (b) to examine such effects at different speeds. METHODS: Seven well-trained women completed this study. Incremental treadmill walking test were performed with two different footwear: SS and HHS. Inertial devices were used to quantify the chain reactions at selected anatomical lower limbs and trunk locations. Statistical analysis included the Wilcoxon test with ranges and Cohen’s d effect size with percentage of differences. RESULTS: The highest values were found at the heel in both footwear and in both legs (SS: right =0.76 ± 0.27, left = 0.79 ± 0.27; HHS: right = 1.07 ± 0.38, left = 1.11 ± 0.41), while the lowest values were registered at lower and upper back. Furthermore, significant differences were found with the HHS load being higher at all locations (p< 0.05; %=𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 12.20–36.36%), influenced by the walking speed. In addition, a strong influence of footwear in the change of the laterality profile was found (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the use of HHS increase the load on the lower limb and the trunk. Until reaching 5 km/h during walking, no significant differences were found between wearing HHS or SS in accelerometer load, producing exponential differences from this speed. The great between-subject variability implies that within-subject analysis is recommended, as it is more related to real clinical practice.

Jejunal adenocarcinoma is a rare type of primary small bowel malignancy. It is generally diagnosed at late stages and as a surgical finding, with abdominal pain or discomfort being the main associated symptom. Cases presenting with perforation are even rarer, especially without disseminated disease. The relationship between cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still being studied, as well as the postsurgical evolution of COVID-19 patients and its possible causality of intestinal perforation. We present the case of a perforated jejunal adenocarcinoma in a COVID-19-positive patient, in whom the symptomatology secondary to the perforation led to an early diagnosis, treatment and adequate postsurgical evolution, despite the concomitant condition. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.

A growing world population with increasing levels of food consumption will lead to more dairy and swine production and increasing amount of manure that requires treatment. Discharge of excessive nutrients and carbon in untreated animal manure can lead to greenhouse gas emissions and eutrophication concerns, and treatment efforts can be expensive for small scale farmers in marginalized communities. The overall goal of this study was to determine the environmental and economic sustainability of four animal manure management scenarios in Costa Rica: (1) no treatment, (2) biodigesters, (3) biodigesters and struvite precipitation, and (4) biodigesters, struvite precipitation, and lagoons. Life cycle assessment was used to assess the carbon footprint and eutrophication potential, whereas life cycle cost analysis was used to evaluate the equivalent uniform annual worth over the construction and operation and maintenance life stages. Recovery of biogas as a cooking fuel and recovery of nutrients from the struvite reactor reduced the carbon footprint, leading to carbon offsets of up to 2,500 kg CO2 eq/year. Offsets were primarily due to avoiding methane emissions during energy recovery. Eutrophication potential decreased as resource recovery processes were integrated, primarily due to improved removal of phosphorus in effluent waters. Resource recovery efforts led to equivalent uniform annual benefits of $825 to $1,056/year, which could provide a helpful revenue source for lower-income farmers. This research can provide clarity on how small-scale farmers in marginalized settings can utilize resource recovery technologies to better manage animal manure, while improving economic and environmental sustainability outcomes.

This study aimed to analyse the effect of two operating temperatures (optimal vs environmental) on IMU internal temperature and accelerometry-based data in two conditions of measurement: (a) static, no movement; and (b) dynamic, a U’16 game-based training soccer session with 14 players. Each session took a 60-min duration and followed an ecological design (no intervention in environmental conditions). Fifty-six WIMU PROTM inertial devices were randomly grouped in four conditions (two operating temperatures × two measurement conditions, 14 devices in each group) and recorded IMUs’ internal temperature, resultant acceleration vector and PlayerLoad (PLRT). Devices were placed in the manufacturer’s docking station at the static condition and in a specific harness at the interscapular level at the dynamic condition. Repeated measures t-tests were employed for between-group comparisons at 1-min average sections throughout the register. Between-group differences were found in the static and dynamic conditions in IMUs internal temperature (static: 0–31 min; dynamic: 0–20 min) and resultant acceleration vector (static: 0–29 min; dynamic: 0–19 min). Instead, no differences were found in PLRT dynamics and accumulated PLRT although values in the environmental group were overestimated. In conclusion, WIMU PROTM devices must achieve the optimal operating temperature (38–39°) to avoid measurement error, regardless of the application (short or long sessions).

This study aimed to describe in-season worst-case scenarios (WCS) of professional soccer players and compare the WCS between training and match days (MD), considering the length of microcycle. A cohort study was designed for four competitive mesocycles in LaLiga123. The WCS of distance covered (DIS), high-speed running distance (HSRD), and sprinting distance (SPD) for four different WCS durations (1', 3', 5', 10') were analysed. Statistical differences between the WCS from training and MD were found at all intensities and periods. The magnitude of differences was moderate in DIS-1' (F= 15.49; p 0.05). In conclusion, specific WCS training programmes (e.g., including 1 min to 10-min training drills in MD-4) may be useful to prepare the demands required on MD.

The extensive use of wearable sensors in sport medicine, exercise medicine, and health has increased the interest in their study. That is why it is necessary to test these technologies’ efficiency, effectiveness, agreement, and reliability in different settings. Consequently, the purpose of this article was to analyze the magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor’s test-retest agreement and reliability when assessing multiple body segments’ external loads during off-road running. A total of 18 off-road runners (38.78 ± 10.38 years, 73.24 ± 12.6 kg, 172.17 ± 9.48 cm) ran two laps (1st and 2nd Lap) of a 12 km circuit wearing six MARG sensors. The sensors were attached to six different body segments: left (MPLeft) and right (MPRight) malleolus peroneus, left (VLLeft) and right (VLRight) vastus lateralis, lumbar (L1-L3), and thorax (T2-T4) using a special neoprene suit. After a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, the total data set variance of all body segments was represented by 44.08%–70.64% for the 1st PCA factor considering two variables, Player LoadRT and Impacts, on L1-L3, respectively. These two variables were chosen among three total accelerometry-based external load indicators (ABELIs) to perform the agreement and reliability tests due to their relevance based on PCAs for each body segment. There were no significant differences between laps in the Player LoadRT or Impacts ( p > 0.05, trivial). The intraclass correlation and lineal correlation showed a substantial to almost perfect over-time test consistency assessed via reliability in both Player LoadRT and Impacts. Bias and t-test assessments showed good agreement between Laps. It can be concluded that MARGs sensors offer significant test re-test reliability and good agreement when assessing off-road kinematics in the six different body segments.

El presente trabajo busca generar una automatización mediante una aplicación móvil con la cual los usuarios que cuenten con un vehículo, ofrezcan a las personas una opción de viaje a sus destinos, basada en su ruta diaria y a un precio accesible. La idea surge de la necesidad de que los usuarios conductores puedan tener un ingreso extra llevando pasajeros dentro de su recorrido, y a su vez, los pasajeros puedan contar con una aplicación alternativa más económica que les permita llegar más rápido a sus destinos finales. Se utilizan herramientas que son tendencia actualmente, como Firebase para la gestión de datos, Xamarin como principal en cuanto al desarrollo, debido a su gran ventaja de reutilizar el mismo código para las plataformas de Android y IOS, como complemento se utilizarán las APIs de Facebook y Google para brindar al beneficiario una alternativa de inicio de sesión, y Google Maps para el despliegue de rutas en un mapa. Los resultados evidencian que el sistema será una gran opción al momento de gestionar la rutas.

Indoor cycling has been a trend during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lockdowns and social distancing measures imposed by most countries. Virtual cycling (eCycling) has grown exponentially, and i...

La psicosis en la epilepsia es un síndrome asociado a una actividad eléctrica cerebral paroxística según su aparición temporal. Cuando los síntomas psicóticos aparecen de forma paradójica después de la desaparición o compensación de la actividad epileptogénica se conoce como: fenómeno de normalización forzada (FNF), esta condición es poco común y dificulta su identificación, tratamiento y seguimiento médico. En el presente estudio se describe el caso clínico de una persona de sexo femenina de 63 años de edad, con historia epiléptica de 46 años de data, quien acude a consulta de emergencia con el diagnóstico de epilepsia refractaria y síndrome cerebeloso. Durante el internamiento presenta un cuadro psicótico reincidente, que se identifica como FNF, se logra tratar de forma exitosa posterior a la prescripción antipsicótica con risperidona matutina 0,5-1mg/día y nocturna de 2mg/día, luego se le otorga el alta médica.

Although bioethanol production is considered to be sustainable from a global warming perspective, its dependence on agricultural systems, land management, and geographical limitations has sparked concern. The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising alternative pathway to produce fuels, such as ethanol, through captured CO2 and electricity. The CO2RR has been studied exhaustively in the literature, but the potential environmental impacts of producing ethanol in a practical process on a large scale are unknown. In this paper, we perform a life cycle assessment to quantify the potential environmental benefits of ethanol production via a proposed electrocatalytic captured CO2 reduction (ECCR) system coupled with an innovative product separation design at a commercially relevant scale. The production of bioethanol via grain fermentation was used as the reference in the comparison of nine environmental impact categories. Results indicate that ethanol via ECCR has a lower or comparable associated impact in all examined environmental categories, depending on the nature of the energy supplied to the system. Specifically for global warming, the ECCR becomes competitive against the reference when the electricity supplied has a carbon intensity lower than 63 gCO2eq per kW h. Overall, the proposed ECCR system is a modular and versatile alternative that presents a clear advantage on land use and water consumption. This early-stage technology has the capability of producing ethanol sustainably whilst offering the associated benefits of a carbon capture and utilisation pathway.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has not been used to assess the principal component (PC) of players´ external training loads (TL) in futsal. In addition, no previous study has analyzed the PC of players´ external TL depending on the half of the match in futsal. Thus, this study aimed to assess the PC of players´ external TL considering an entire official futsal match distinguishing by halves (1st and 2nd halves). Two teams of twelve amateur futsal players (Spanish 3rd division) participated in the final match of the futsal cup and external TL was quantified using eight antennas ultra-wideband technology. Through PCA statistical analysis, 10 variables formed the 10 PC. Specifically, three PC for the entire match, four for the 1st half, and three for the 2nd half were extracted. Considering the match as a whole, three PC explained the players´ external TL formed by eight variables: distance covered (m/min), distance covered at high speed running (m/min), distance covered at explosive speed (m/min), total accelerations (n/min), total decelerations between 2-1 m/s/s (n/min), distance covered at 24-50 km/h (m/min), total impacts between 8-100g (n/min) and Jumps performed (n/min). The PC variables differed between halves: a) in the 1st half 74.5% was explained by four PC composed of 8 variables in total, and b) in the 2nd half 67.6% was explained by three PC. The results suggest that the use of only one PC could potentially lead to an underestimation of the external TL demands in futsal matches. It seems that a combination of 3-4 PC from a total of 8 to 10 variables are required to explain senior amateur futsal official games. In addition, the match half should be considered to assess the external TL in team sports.