1. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective
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Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Hafzullah Aksoy, Allen, Scott T., Anam Amin, Vazken Andréassian, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Amorim, Pablo Borges De, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Xiaohong Chen, Yangbo Chen, Yuanfang Chen, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., Barros, Felipe P. J. De, Rooij, Gerrit De, Baldassarre, Giuliano Di, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Ravindra Dwivedi, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Keirnan Fowler, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Shervan Gharari, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, A. B. Gupta, Guse, Björn, Dawei Han, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Inam, Azhar, Camyla Innocente, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Sonu Khanal, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Junguo Liu, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, Shreedhar Maskey, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Alireza Nabizadeh, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Bakhram Nurtaev, Odongo, Vincent O., Subhabrata Panda, Saket Pande, Zhonghe Pang, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Maria-Helena Ramos, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Tirthankar Roy, Sá, João H.M., Gianfausto Salvadori, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Ingelin Steinsland, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Fuqiang Tian, Tong, Rui, Kamshat Tussupova, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, Beek, Rens Van, Ent, Ruud J. Van Der, Ploeg, Martine Van Der, Loon, Anne F. Van, Meerveld, Ilja Van, Nooijen, Ronald Van, Oel, Pieter R. Van, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Freyberg, Jana Von, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Zongxue Xu, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Yongqiang Zhang
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13. Climate action ,6. Clean water - Abstract
This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.