Kat Grigg, David Finnigan, Shuang Liu, Harry Lee, Steve Farber, Virginia H. Dale, Jochen Renz, Piotr Magnuszewski, Ida Kubiszewski, Richard T. Mills, Robert Costanza, Petina L. Pert, Simone Maynard, Scott Heckbert, Karim Chichakly, Lisa Wainger, C. Richard Ziegler, Sue Ogilvy, Mike Young, and Neal McDonald
Humans currently spend over 3 billion person-hours per week playing computer games. Most of these games are purely for entertainment, but use of computer games for education has also expanded dramatically. At the same time, experimental games have become a staple of social science research but have depended on relatively small sample sizes and simple, abstract situations, limiting their range and applicability. If only a fraction of the time spent playing computer games could be harnessed for research, it would open up a huge range of new opportunities. We review the use of games in research, education, and entertainment and develop ideas for integrating these three functions around the idea of ecosystem services valuation. This approach to valuation can be seen as a version of choice modeling that allows players to generate their own scenarios taking account of the trade-offs embedded in the game, rather than simply ranking pre-formed scenarios. We outline a prototype game called “Lagom Island” to test the proposition that gaming can be used to reveal the value of ecosystem services. Our prototype provides a potential pathway and functional building blocks for approaching the relatively untapped potential of games in the context of ecosystem services research.