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Pre-registration for an Experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance.

Pre-registration for an experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance. To do so, the scarcity condition receives a higher endowment than the abundance condition.

Pre-registration for an experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance. To do so, the scarcity condition receives a positive income shock. In this experiment, we administer the income shock after round 1.

To improve the marketing activity and brand management and justify the most effective marketing decisions, organizations should implement different information technologies, mathematical methods and models into the marketing decision support system (MDSS). The goal of this paper is to form an architecture of an MDSS, the model base of which is developed on Data Science tools, in particular regression analysis and machine learning methods. The proposed MDSS is a multi-agent information system comprising nine intellectual agents (market environment monitoring, data processing, marketing mix modeling, price policy support, portfolio management, strategic analysis, forecasting, customer segmentation, and customer classification). The functionality of these agents is realized through Data Science, which allows for the optimization of marketing activities (e.g., an effective brand management strategy and its elements (portfolio strategy, price policy, and media strategy) or solving the problems of attracting new and retaining current customers with the maximal return on marketing investments). The MDSS analyzes the marketing environment, media activity, and business indicators by constructing different models and forecasting various combinations of marketing factors to select the best one. The joint work of MDSS agents provides decision-makers with interactive reports. The research findings offer a scientific basis for making effective marketing decisions based on data, and the proposed MDSS can become part of an intelligent system for planning marketing activities.

Joint decision-making processes such as negotiations play a vital role in diverse societal contexts spanning from business and politics to sustainability-related negotiations. One of the most prominent examples of how negotiations play an important role in overcoming societal challenges was the COVID-19 vaccine supply negotiations. These negotiations have put the spotlight on an aspect of joint decision-making that always has been of great interest to both negotiation researchers and practitioners yet remains empirically understudied—the effect of uncertainty. In the present article, we develop a framework of uncertainty in negotiation using the COVID-19 vaccine supply negotiations between the European Union and pharmaceutical companies as an example. More specifically, we categorize different kinds of uncertainty based both on mathematical considerations (i.e., differentiation between risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty) as well as on more circumstantial factors. To do so, we adapted the nine kinds of uncertainty in environmental governance proposed by Dewulf and Biesbroek to the more general context of negotiations. We first differentiate between three natures of uncertainty (i.e., lack of knowledge, unpredictability, and interpretations) and three objects of uncertainty (i.e., issue-based, strategy-based, and context-based). Second, we illustrate the psychological barriers that negotiators face when handling uncertainty, before concluding with proposals for practitioners on how to manage different kinds of uncertainty. Overall, we aim at stimulating investigations of the effects of uncertainty in mixed-motive decision-making while simultaneously helping negotiation teachers and practitioners better cope with the additional demands created by specific kinds of uncertainty. Joint decision-making processes such as negotiations play a vital role in diverse societal contexts spanning from business and politics to sustainability-related negotiations. One of the most prominent examples of how negotiations play an important role in overcoming societal challenges was the COVID-19 vaccine supply negotiations. These negotiations have put the spotlight on an aspect of joint decision-making that always has been of great interest to both negotiation researchers and practitioners yet remains empirically understudied—the effect of uncertainty. In the present article, we develop a framework of uncertainty in negotiation using the COVID-19 vaccine supply negotiations between the European Union and pharmaceutical companies as an example. More specifically, we categorize different kinds of uncertainty based both on mathematical considerations (i.e., differentiation between risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty) as well as on more circumstantial factors. To do so, we adapted the nine kinds of uncertainty in environmental governance proposed by Dewulf and Biesbroek to the more general context of negotiations. We first differentiate between three natures of uncertainty (i.e., lack of knowledge, unpredictability, and interpretations) and three objects of uncertainty (i.e., issue-based, strategy-based, and context-based). Second, we illustrate the psychological barriers that negotiators face when handling uncertainty, before concluding with proposals for practitioners on how to manage different kinds of uncertainty. Overall, we aim at stimulating investigations of the effects of uncertainty in mixed-motive decision-making while simultaneously helping negotiation teachers and practitioners better cope with the additional demands created by specific kinds of uncertainty.

Decision-makers are regularly faced with more choice information than they can directly gaze at in a limited amount of time. Many theories assume that because decision-makers attend to information sequentially and overtly, that is, with direct gaze, they must respond to information overload by trading off between speed and decision accuracy. By reanalyzing five published studies, we show that participants, besides using overt attention, also use covert attention. That is, without being instructed to do so, participants attend to information without direct gaze to evaluate choice attributes that lead them to either choose the best or reject the worst option. We show that the use of covert attention is common for most participants and more so when information is easily identifiable in the peripheral visual field due to being large or visually salient. Covert attention is associated with faster decision times suggesting that participants might process multiple pieces of information simultaneously using distributed attention. Our findings highlight the importance of covert attention in decision-making and show how decision-makers may be gaining speed while retaining high levels of decision accuracy. We discuss how harnessing covert attention can benefit consumer decision-making of healthy and sustainable products. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Local executive leaders’ decisions reflecting public governance paradigms and local governance In this article, we scrutinize how local executive leaders’ decisions as part of local governance and management eventually illustrate the prevailing governance paradigms. The article builds on extant literature on the development of governance paradigms and their impact on local governance and management. The empirical qualitative document analysis explores executive leaders’ decision-making themes and their emphasis in the city of Helsinki in two different periods of time. The results show a clear shift in the emphasis of themes, revealing different management priorities that reflect different kinds of governance paradigms. Our research shows that the content of local executive leaders’ decisions reveals what is considered important in local governance and how these valuations become concrete through the emphasis of certain governance relations and management practices.

Many global health challenges are characterized by the inequitable patterning of their health and economic consequences, which are etched along the lines of pre-existing inequalities in resources, power, and opportunity. These links require us to reconsider how we define global health equity, and what we consider as most consequential in its pursuit. In this article, we discuss the extent to which improving underlying global equity is an essential prerequisite to global health equity. We conclude that if we are to improve global health equity, there is a need to focus more on foundational—rather than proximal—causes of ill health and propose ways in which this can be achieved.

With the increasing prominence of smart mobile devices, an innovative distributed computing paradigm, namely Mobile Crowdsourcing (MCS), has emerged. By directly recruiting skilled workers, MCS exploits the power of the crowd to complete location-dependent tasks. Currently, based on online social networks, a new and complementary worker recruitment mode, i.e., socially aware MCS, has been proposed to effectively enlarge worker pool and enhance task execution quality, by harnessing underlying social relationships. In this paper, we propose and develop a novel worker recruitment game in socially aware MCS, i.e., Acceptance-aware Worker Recruitment (AWR). To accommodate MCS task invitation diffusion over social networks, we design a Random Diffusion model, where workers randomly propagate task invitations to social neighbors, and receivers independently make a decision whether to accept or not. Based on the diffusion model, we formulate the AWR game as a combinatorial optimization problem, which strives to search a subset of seed workers to maximize overall task acceptance under a pre-given incentive budget. We prove its NP hardness, and devise a meta-heuristic-based evolutionary approach named MA-RAWR to balance exploration and exploitation during the search process. Comprehensive experiments using two real-world data sets clearly validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach.

Remarking on the strategic significance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SMEs) as critical to any economy growth and employment creation opportunities, there are evidence that support the poor possession of the appropriate financial literacy skills and knowledge, required by SMEs to effectively make entrepreneurial decision, needed for business growth and the overall economic development. Previous studies on the leitmotif of financial literacy skills have largely been interrogated through the prism of financial institutions and as an indicator for gauging inclusion leaving sparse research attention to understand its implications on entrepreneurial decision making among SMEs. This research chasm provoked this study. The aim of this paper to dissect and understand the place of financial literacy skills and knowledge in entrepreneurial decision-making of SMEs. A total of 15 SMEs were recruited on purpose with the semi-structure interview type, used in eliciting qualitative data. A collection of different themes and sub-themes were identified with the application of the NVivo (v.12) qualitative software and analysed with the content qualitative analytical tool. Pattern and level of financial literacy include understanding of financial decision, management of money and implementation of financial decision. SMEs’ financial literacy, required for effective entrepreneurial decision, includes knowledge on profitability, cash management skills and knowledge on investment with accompanied challenges, such as bad financial behaviour, financial irresponsibility and lack of basic education. The study makes a genuine case for the prioritization of the importance of financial literacy skills and knowledge for clear cut entrepreneurial decisionmaking and growth.

Advancements in imaging technology have been associated with changes to operative planning in treatment of localized prostate cancer. The impact of these changes on postoperative outcomes is understudied.To compare oncologic and functional outcomes between men who had computed tomography (CT) and those who had multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) prior to undergoing radical prostatectomy.In this retrospective cohort study, we identified all men who underwent radical prostatectomy (Biochemical recurrence-free survival, positive margin status, postoperative complications, and 1-yr postprostatectomy functional scores (using the 26-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite [EPIC-26] questionnaire) were compared between those who underwent preoperative CT and those who underwent mpMRI using propensity score weighted Cox proportional hazard regression, logistic regression, and linear regression models.Baseline and 1-yr follow-up EPIC-26 data were available for 449 (36%) and 685 (54%) patients, respectively. After propensity score weighting, no differences in EPIC-26 functional domains were observed between the imaging groups at 1-yr follow-up. Positive surgical margin rates (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-1.38,In this single-center study of men with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy, preoperative mpMRI had minimal impact on functional outcomes and oncologic control compared with conventional imaging. These findings challenge the assumptions that preoperative mpMRI improves operative planning and perioperative outcomes.In this study, we assessed whether the type of prostate imaging performed prior to surgery for localized prostate cancer impacted outcomes. We found that urinary and sexual function, cancer control, and postoperative complications were similar regardless of whether magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography was utilized prior to surgery.

Studies related to transportation planning and development have been in the center of activities of many researchers in the past decades. Road congestions issues, economic problems, health problems and environmental problems are some examples of complex problems that can be caused by urban and public transportation in big cities. Evaluating urban and public transportation systems could help to reach effective solutions to overcome these issues. This article presents a short bibliographic review of some recent studies on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approaches for evaluating urban and public transportation systems. To this aim, Scopus was chosen as the database for making a search on journal articles. Scopus is trusted by major institutions in the world, and all journals covered in this database are inspected for sufficiently high quality each year. The search was made on the journal articles from 2017 to 2022 (July). The analyses presented in this study show that the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is the most used method, which has been applied to different studies in the field of urban and public transportation systems based on MCDM approaches. According to the analysis of the number of articles, Turkey is ranked 1st among different countries, and “Budapest University of Technology and Economics” (Hungary) is 1st in the ranking of institutions. Moreover, most of the articles have been published within the “social sciences” subject area. The recent trend in different studies on urban and public transportation systems shows the importance of using MCDM approaches in this field. Moreover, noticeable employment of fuzzy sets in several studies is a point that can shows the significant role of uncertainty in dealing with this type of problems.

Supportive care (SC) is a multidimensional and person-centred approach to managing advanced CKD that engages the person and their caregivers in shared decision making from the outset. Rather than focusing on disease-specific therapies, SC is a collection of adjuvant interventions and adaptations to conventional treatments that can be used to improve the individual's quality of life. Recognizing that frailty, multi-morbidity and polypharmacy are more common among older people with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and that people in this group tend to prioritize quality of life over survival as a goal of care, SC represents an important adjunct to disease-specific therapies in CKD management. This review provides an overview of SC in the older person with advanced CKD.Lay Summary Older people with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to experience frailty and multiple other medical problems (comorbidity). This can result in impaired quality of life and reduced survival compared with younger adults with the same diagnosis. The benefits to be derived from kidney-specific treatments such as dialysis and transplantation are also less well-defined in older adults. Supportive care (SC) involves honest communication with the person about their disease, the treatments available to them and prognosis. Through shared decision making, the person and their doctor will try determine what is important to the person and address those aspects of disease that are contributing most to the person's suffering now, while also making plans for the future. This article provides an overview of SC principles in the older adult with advanced CKD.

RESUMO A teoria das preocupações focais foi aplicada como framework para análise de uma amostra de processos penais encerrados entre 2007 e 2017 e entrevistas com operadores do direito que atuavam nas Varas de Tóxicos. Os resultados indicam que as mulheres são tratadas mais severamente, ao contrário do observado nos Estados Unidos. Em Belo Horizonte, elas são mais susceptíveis à prisão preventiva, uma “condenação imediata” na visão dos entrevistados. ABSTRACT Focal concerns theory was applied as a framework for analyzing a sample of criminal cases closed between 2007 and 2017 and interviews with legal operators who worked in the drug courts. The results indicate that women are treated more severely, contrary to what was observed in the United States. In Belo Horizonte, they are more susceptible to pretrial detention, an “immediate conviction”, as stated by the interviewees.

Complex infrastructure projects often attract criticism regarding their short- and long-term performance. An effective development process requires thinking about both present and future requirements. We employed the lens of real options reasoning to investigate the power of verbal theorizing, without the aid of analytical modeling, to add flexibility in the development process. Drawing on 32 semi-structured interviews with decision-makers involved in health estate projects, we examined if and how informal talks in the development process can lead to futureproof outcomes. Our findings synthesize and conceptualize relevant insights on iterative design thinking, affordability, bounded rationality, and motivational gaps as causal mechanisms for futureproofing talks and thus real options reasoning. The paper contributes to the planning and project studies literature dealing with futureproofing complex infrastructure projects.

Contains fulltext : 290937.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The increasing life expectancy leads to more older adults suffering from infectious diseases. Vaccines are available against diverse infections such as influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster and tetanus. However, vaccine acceptance is crucial for optimal preventive effect. The objective of the study is to perform a cross-country analysis of the perceptions and decision-making behaviour of older adults regarding vaccinations and their information needs. Focus groups with older adults were conducted in four countries: France, Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Demographic characteristics of participants were gathered with a questionnaire. Influenza and tetanus vaccines were commonly known, as was the disease influenza. On the contrary, the awareness of the vaccines against pneumococcal disease and herpes zoster were low. Participants also expressed a need for more information on vaccines, such as possible side effects, contra-indications and duration of protection, emphasizing that information is a condition for decision-making on vaccination. General practitioners were found to be the most important in information provision on vaccines. Perceptions on vaccines, such as effectiveness, side effects and safety, as well as perceptions on infectious diseases, such as severity, susceptibility and experiencing an infectious disease, played a role in the decision-making of older adults on vaccines. More awareness of the information needs among older adults with regard to vaccines should be raised among general practitioners and other healthcare providers. This requires appropriate knowledge about the vaccines among healthcare providers as well as communication skills to meet the information needs of older adults. 01 april 2023

The transition from fossil fuels to more clean, affordable, and sustainable energy resources is of strategic importance for developing Asian countries like Vietnam, in which solar energy is an attractive option. The government of Vietnam is implementing various policy measures and has substantial investment plans to accelerate the national spread of solar energy. In this regard, location optimization for solar power installation is a vital strategic decision that needs to be analysed in-depth to harness solar power. This study aims to determine suitable areas for solar power installation in a case study in Vietnam. For the decision-making that influences solar plant site selection, while some criteria can be evaluated based on a numerical database, numerous qualitative criteria must be under experts’ judgements in linguistic terms and can be represented through grey numbers. To deal with the complex nature of the prioritization problem posed by the coexistence of multiple factors, this study proposes a combination of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process (G-AHP), and Grey Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (G-TOPSIS). With the utilized integrated approach, both quantitative and qualitative effective criteria are considered to evaluate locations. DEA is used in the first phase to select high-efficiency locations based on various measurable criteria. In the second phase, these locations are further assessed in terms of qualitative criteria: technical, economic, environmental, and socio-political factors. For this evaluation, G-AHP is used for criteria weighting, and G-TOPSIS ranks the locations. While the proposed approach is expected to help save costs and resources towards determining hot spots for solar power plants installation all around the country, it is recommended that governments and local authorities take into account suitability policies and support mechanisms for sustainable solar energy development.

This study analysed the effectiveness of university promotion methods and factors affecting applicants’ choices. The study used a quantitative approach with a sample of 7839 university applicants. Results show that the most influential factor affecting university choice is the economic factors such as tuition fees, scholarships, etc.; nevertheless, family income is not among them. Education quality and academic staff also affect the choice. Besides, there were differences in the factors such as gender, region, family structure and secondary school background of the applicants., Bu çalışmada, üniversite tanıtım yöntemlerinin etkinliği ve öğrenci adaylarının tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler araştırılmaktadır. Araştırma nicel yöntemler yardımıyla 7839 üniversite adayı üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, üniversite tercihinde en etkili faktörün öğrenim ücretleri, burs vb. ekonomik faktörler olduğunu; ancak, aile gelirinin bu faktörler arasında olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Eğitim kalitesi ve akademik kadronun da üniversite tercihinde önemli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca öğrenci adaylarının cinsiyet, bölge, aile yapısı ve mezun olduğu ortaokul türü gibi faktörlerde de farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.

Aguarda publicação impressa. Children’s participation in decisions about their lives is a crucial point of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is the basis of child welfare and protection worldwide. Despite these clear guidelines, there is evidence that children’s voices may be heard but often with little impact on the decisions made by professionals in the childcare system. This study seeks to ascertain whether the voice of children living in foster care is considered and respected when making decisions that concern them, whether the children effectively exercise it, and what factors impact their participation. A systematic scoping review was performed to clarify concepts and unveil research gaps, using eleven scientific databases and publishers that allowed us to identify twelve recent studies in critical journals. In the light of the Bouma et al., (2018) model, the findings showed that there is, in general, a lack of effective children’s participation, namely in terms of information, listening, and involvement. Children’s voices still have a minimum impact on the decisions made in the childcare system. It will be necessary to avoid the bureaucratic assumption that there is an age cut-off point to promote participation. More, it is stressed the importance of a trusting, sincere and confidential relationship between the child and the social worker and the need to ensure training for professionals who intervene in review/statutory meetings or judicial proceedings, namely in the court of law.

© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Organizational Behavior published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), we develop and test a model that links ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behavior (i.e., ethical voice and ethical taking charge) via two distinct mechanisms (i.e., duty orientation and moral potency). Results from multi-wave field studies conducted in the United States, Turkey, France, Vietnam, and India demonstrate that an ethical psychological climate indirectly influences employees' ethical voice and ethical taking charge behaviors through the dual mechanisms of duty orientation and moral potency. Additionally, we find that individuals' moral attentiveness strengthened these mediating processes. Together, these findings suggest that ethical psychological climate is an important antecedent of ethically focused proactive behavior by stimulating individuals' sense of duty and enhancing their moral potency, particularly when employees are already highly attuned to moral issues.

The importance of cycling as a sustainable mode has been widely recognized and, recently, its effectiveness in mitigating the spread of infectious diseases has also been under the spotlight. Fostering its use requires developing and deploying decision tools to help authorities assess the performance of their cycle infrastructure for maintenance and improvements. This article presents a multicriteria methodology based on engineering best practices and uses the ELECTRE TRI method to assign segments of the cycling network to predefined performance classes, with an aim at maintenance planning. The approach is demonstrated with a case study, which also proves scalability of the method’s data collection procedure. Case study results show that lack of safety and inadequate intersections are the main problems. These stem mostly from non-existent segregation between motorized traffic and cyclists, both along the segments and at intersections. This is typical of cities which, over the years, have prioritized motorized transportation. Decision-Making, Maintenance & Inspection, Performance Measurement, Town and City Planning info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background and aims Blaszczynski and Nower (2002) conceptualized their Pathways Model by postulating the existence of three subtypes of problem gamblers who share common characteristics, but also present specific ones. Methods This study investigated how the psychological mechanisms postulated in the Pathways Model predict clinical status in a sample that combined treatment-seeking gamblers (n = 59) and non-problematic community gamblers (n = 107). To test the Pathways Model, we computed a hierarchic logistic regression in which variables associated with each postulated pathway were entered sequentially to predict the status of the treatment-seeking gambler. Self-report questionnaires measured gambling-related cognitions, alexithymia, emotional reactivity, emotion regulation strategies and impulsivity. Behavioural tasks measured gambling persistence (slot machine task), decision-making under uncertainty (Iowa Gambling Task) and decision-making under risk (Game of Dice Task). Results We showed that specific factors theorized as underlying mechanisms for each pathway predicted the status of clinical gambler. For each pathway, significant predictors included gambling-related cognitive distortions and behaviourally measured gambling persistence (behaviourally conditioned pathway), emotional reactivity and emotion regulation strategies (emotionally vulnerable pathway), and lack of premeditation impulsivity facet (impulsivist-antisocial pathway). Discussion and conclusions Our study adds to the body of literature confirming the validity of the Pathways Model and hold important implications in terms of assessment and treatment of problem gambling. In particular, a standardized assessment based on the Pathways Model should promote individualized treatment strategies to allow clinicians to take into account the high heterogeneity that characterizes gambling disorder.

Peer reviewed: True, Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are common behaviourally diagnosed conditions. One of the key aspects of diagnosis is clinical judgement. Yet despite decades of research, it is only in recent times that researchers have started exploring clinicians' perspectives on diagnosing these conditions. We aimed to add to this body of knowledge by conducting interviews with 17 experienced health care professionals in the United Kingdom to hear their perspectives on diagnosing autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinicians reflected that for some children and young people, diagnosis is reasonably straightforward; however, in other situations, decisions are made on more pragmatic grounds (i.e. will this be helpful). We identified some differences of opinion between professionals and organisation which adds to the complexity of applying a diagnosis. We recommend several areas for future research and point to some practical and philosophical implications of the work.

Internationally and in Australia, there is growing evidence that graduate teachers feel under prepared to teach diverse groups of children. This study, using a social lab and drawing on theories from Archer and Foucault examined Australian teacher educators’ views on knowledge about diversity and the enabling and constraining factors that influenced their teaching around diversity in their universities. Eleven discourses emerged, revealing knowledge associated with teaching about and to diversity, rather than teaching for diversity. The authors argue that all three facets are necessary for thorough preparation of preservice teachers for today’s diverse classrooms.

Microplastic pollution is increasingly recognised as a global environmental challenge which stems from the rapid growth of the use of petrochemical-derived plastic. As researchers and practitioners face a myriad of environmental challenges, oceanic microplastic pollution has so far dominated interest. However, airborne microplastics present an increasing environmental and public health concern. There is currently a need for research addressing this emerging challenge, and at the same time, the lack of knowledge and consensus regarding airborne microplastics presents an obstacle to action. The purpose of this study is to utilise a participatory Structured Decision-Making (SDM) approach to understand the perspectives of a range of stakeholders involved in the microplastics landscape, and subsequently refine common research priorities and knowledge gaps to advance the field. Through two participatory workshops, we first defined shared objectives of stakeholders and then negotiated best courses of action to achieve these objectives based on discussion between stakeholders and facilitators. The qualitative approach taken has enabled the full, complex and multidisciplinary aspects of the research into airborne microplastic pollution to be considered. Our findings highlight some important potential consequences of airborne microplastic pollution, including impacts on human health, and the need for more interdisciplinary research, and collaborative, integrated approaches in this area. As a result of the first workshop, five fundamental objectives on the theme of airborne microplastics were identified. As a direct consequence of this, participants identified 84 actions split across eight themes, which are outlined later in this paper.

Ever since the times of Henry Ford up to today’s industry 4.0 era, flow-oriented assembly processes, where an assembly line conveys the workpieces from workstation to workstation, are very important for mass-producers in manifold branches of industry. Among the most elementary optimization problems in this context is the assembly line balancing problem, which decides on the division of labor among the stations of an assembly line. This paper surveys the scientific literature on assembly line balancing that has been published since the last major review papers have appeared in 2006 and 2007, respectively. We cover all essential stages of the decision making process: we address novel methods to efficiently gather the relevant (precedence graph) data, review especially new problem variants and models treated in the literature, and survey the most important algorithmic developments. Furthermore, we outline a possible research agenda for the next fifteen years.

Legal psychologists’ assessments can have a major impact on the fact finder’s evaluation of evidence and, consequently, perceptions of guilt. Yet, in the few studies about legal psychologists’ assessments and reports, great variability was found. As is the case with other forensic expert domains, legal psychologists are prone to cognitive biases, such as being adversely affected by irrelevant contextual information, confirmation bias, and allegiance bias. Based on the scientific literature, we propose several ways in which legal psychologists can minimize cognitive biases in their assessments, most notably the alternative scenario method. Furthermore, we propose guidelines for expert witnesses in the legal psychological domain, designed to make reports as scientifically grounded, applicable, readable, transparent, and bias-free as possible. We hope that the guidelines will enhance the quality of expert witness testimony provided by legal psychologists around the world.

Assessing flood risks on road infrastructures is critical for the definition of mitigation strategies and adaptation processes. Some efforts have been made to conduct a regional flood risk assessment to support the decision-making process of exposed areas. However, these approaches focus on the physical damage of civil infrastructures without considering indirect impacts resulting from social aspects or traffic delays due to the functionality loss of transportation infrastructures. Moreover, existing methodologies do not include a proper assessment of the uncertainties involved in the risk quantification. This work aims to provide a consistent quantitative flood risk estimation and influence factor modelling for road infrastructures. To this end, a Flood Risk Factor (FRF) is computed as a function of hazard, vulnerability, and infrastructure importance factors. A Bayesian Network (BN) is constructed for considering the interdependencies among the selected input factors, as well as accounting for the uncertainties involved in the modelling process. The proposed approach allows weighting the relevant factors differently to compute the FRF and improves the understanding of the causal relations between them. The suggested method is applied to a case study located in the region of Santarem Portugal, allowing the identification of the sub-basins where the road network has the highest risks and illustrating the potential of Bayesian inference techniques for updating the model when new information becomes available., This work was partly financed by FCT / MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Engineering Structures (ISISE), under reference UIDB / 04029/2020. The first author would like to thank FCT – Portuguese Scientific Foundation for the research grant 2020.05755.BD. The second author would like to thank FCT – Portuguese Scientific Foundation for the research grant SFRH/BD/144749/2019. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 769255. This document reflects only the views of the author(s). Neither the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA) nor the European Commission is in any way responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Despite the impact of decision-making in the design of buildings and places, there is limited understanding concerning how decisions are best made, or how these should be evaluated and optimised. Additionally, technological advancements have increased human-to-machine interactions, altering existing decision-making processes. By understanding how novel technologies affect decisions, it motivates the development of the process, tools, and metrics. The aim of this paper is to investigate, quantify, and rank the relative importance of the decision-making factors contributing to the design of building and urban projects. A survey was conducted to gain an insight of stakeholders’ perceptions as to which are the influencing factors affecting decision-making processes in the design of buildings and places. Ten distinct factors were generated , of which, four were ranked as highly important for all stakeholder types, namely: Potential for Dynamic Operation, Thoroughness, Recency of Tools and Control. This study provides a new means to evaluate performance of decision-making processes, when these are undertaken, by developing and applying a quantitative data-driven, evidence-based methodological framework. The recipients of the findings will be the urban planners, designers, and academics who are interested in improving existing approaches in design and final decision outcomes utilising novel technologies. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC): NE/R011265/1. Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)

This paper contributes to uncovering the role of metacognition in the decision-making process of entrepreneurs. Specifically, we analyze nascent entrepreneurs in their process of start-up development while relying on metacognitive processes. The experiences of a sample of new venture initiatives are explored in two distinct phases, a start-up competition and the subsequent launch of their venture. Following the Gioia protocol, the study contextualizes the process in which social capital reinforces metacognitive processes. This process stimulates nascent entrepreneurs to consider alternatives, such as extending expertise outside the start-up. Moreover, we find that these processes support entrepreneurs and their teams in improving their decision-making processes. The findings support that nascent entrepreneurs rely heavily on the input of others in their start-up creation process, and contribute to new empirical insights about entrepreneurial metacognition. A dynamic model in which these relationships emerge is developed. The study’s results contribute to a better understanding of the antecedents and consequences of metacognitive processes in nascent entrepreneurship.

Why do so many adolescents cheat despite judging that cheating is wrong? Two studies tested a new model of cheating in high school. In Study 1, 85 high schoolers in the Western U.S. reported their perceptions, evaluations, and motivations surrounding their own and hypothetical cheating. In Study 2, 83 teachers reported their views about cheating; we also analyzed course syllabi. About half of the adolescents reported unintentional cheating, and many judged their own cheating-but not hypothetical cheating-as acceptable. Decisions to cheat were responses to competing pressures, low value placed on the assignment, and other considerations. Study 2 revealed teacher-student disagreements about cheating, and minimal content about academic integrity in syllabi. The findings supported the proposed model of adolescent cheating.

To best support students with special needs in their educational endeavors, research shows collaboration between the school and home greatly increases success, yet there is a gap in the literature that generalizes this concept, as most studies focus on one particular school or demographic group of students, such as those with autism. This qualitative study utilized convenience sampling and interviewed 10 parents of children with special needs and 10 teachers of students with special needs - all located throughout the United States - to get their perceptions of collaboration regarding the Individualized Education Program (IEP). Online interviews were conducted using Zoom ® and NVivo ® software was used in the data analysis process. Key terms used to identify themes included collaboration, equal partner, heard, listened to, supported, and IEP. Based on parent and teacher feedback, the data shows teachers have a higher perception of successful collaboration, but additional needs for educational training on the IEP, as well as on collaboration, for both parents and teachers is needed and desired. The implications of this study can assist other countries to either replicate or use this study for future literature review. The results can also be used to develop educational training for parents and teachers respectively based on the analysis.

This cross-sectional study sought to examine the differences between family and professional guardians across personal and role characteristics, training received, and their inclusion of people they serve in decision making. A total of 237 subjects serving as guardian to adults in the state of Indiana completed an online survey. Results showed group differences across race, education, as well as diagnosis and age of those served. Overall, training was limited across both groups, and family guardians received significantly less training across several topics. Finally, family and professional guardians were found to significantly differ in their willingness to allow people they serve to inform and/or make decisions about spending money, working in the community, and treating a medical condition. Study implications for policy and practice are also discussed, along with recommendations about integrating values of self-determination and empowerment approaches into practice.

Background Between 2015 and 2018 The Netherlands experienced increases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) serogroup W (MenW). Therefore in 2018 the MenACWY vaccination was introduced in the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) and a catch-up campaign was initiated targeting adolescents. This study aimed to gain insight into what factors played a role in the decision-making process regarding the MenACWY vaccination. The focus was on the differences in the decision-making of parents and adolescents in order to assess what factors influence the decisions made. Methods An online questionnaire was offered to adolescents and one of their parents. We used random forest analyses to determine which factors best predict the outcome of the MenACWY vaccination decision. We carried out ROC (receiver-operator characteristics) analyses to confirm the predictive value of the variables. Results Among parents several factors stand out, centring on the process of the decision, their attitude about the MenACWY vaccination, trust in the vaccination, and ideas of important people around them. Among adolescents the three stand-out predictors are the ideas of important people around them, the process of the decision and trust in the vaccination. Parents have prominent influence in the decision-making, while the adolescent’s influence in the household decision-making is more limited. Adolescents tend to be less engaged and spend less time thinking about the decision compared to parents. Opinions of parents and adolescents from the same households concerning the factors that are influential do not differ a lot in the final decision-making. Conclusions Information about MenACWY vaccination might be mainly addressed to the parents of the adolescents and whereby the dialogue about MenACWY vaccination between parents and adolescents will be stimulated. With regard to the predictor trust in vaccination, raising the frequency of use of certain sources, especially those deemed very reliable among households such as conversations with a GP or the provider of the vaccination (GGD/JGZ), might prove a useful strategy to solidify vaccination uptake numbers.

Background Pregnant and postpartum women were identified as having particular vulnerability to severe symptomatology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, so maternity services significantly reconfigured their care provision. We examined the experiences and perceptions of maternity care staff who provided care during the pandemic in South London, United Kingdom – a region of high ethnic diversity with varied levels of social complexity. Methods We conducted a qualitative interview study, as part of a service evaluation between August and November 2020, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a range of staff (N = 29) working in maternity services. Data were analysed using Grounded Theory analysis appropriate to cross-disciplinary health research. Analysis & findings Maternity healthcare professionals provided their views, experiences, and perceptions of delivering care during the pandemic. Analysis rendered three emergent themes regarding decision-making during reconfigured maternity service provision, organised into pathways: 1) ‘Reflective decision-making’; 2) ‘Pragmatic decision-making’; and 3) ‘Reactive decision-making’. Whilst pragmatic decision-making was found to disrupt care, reactive-decision-making was perceived to devalue the care offered and provided. Alternatively, reflective decision-making, despite the difficult working conditions of the pandemic, was seen to benefit services, with regards to care of high-quality, sustainability of staff, and innovation within the service. Conclusions Decision-making within maternity care was found to take three forms – where at best changes to services could be innovative, at worst they could cause devaluation in care being delivered, and more often than not, these changes were disruptive. With regard to positive changes, healthcare providers identified staff empowerment, flexible working patterns (both for themselves and collectively as teams), personalised care delivery, and change-making in general, as key areas to capitalise on current and ongoing innovations borne out of the pandemic. Key learnings included a focus on care-related, meaningful listening and engagement of staff at all levels, in order to drive forward high-quality care and avoid care disruption and devaluation.

Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) affirms that persons with disabilities have the right to make decisions on an equal basis with others. To achieve this, States Parties have a number of obligations, including to provide access to support to make decisions and provide for appropriate safeguards based on the rights, will and preferences of the person. How these obligations apply to children and young people with disabilities and what Article 12 means for their right to participate in decisions with legal consequences is not well understood. Mostscholarship on legal capacity does little to address this gap as it predominately relates to adults with disabilities. In recognition of this, this thesis seeks to answer the core research question: ‘How can the will and preferences of children and young people with disabilities be respected in line with Article 12 of the CRPD?’. In doing so it adopted a hybrid methodology combining disability human rights research methods and children’s rights methods. Surveys were used to gather data from young people with a wide range of disabilities, aged 15 – 20 years, in Ireland. These findings were then presented to a focus group of professionals and parents. Two overarching themes were identified from the research findings as the main factors which influence the opportunities young people with disabilities have to participate in decisions and to have their will and preferences respected – Relationships and Attitudes and Support and Reasonable Accommodation. The findings indicate that young people with disabilities’ participation in decision-making in Ireland is often sporadic and reliant on supportive adults. To more fully realise the rights of children and young people with disabilities the thesis identifies changes which are required in national law and policy. It also proposes a new model to discover the will and preferences of children with disabilities, which can be used to ascertain a child’s views in accordance with international human rights obligations. 2025-05-15

Modelling the biology behind animal behaviour has attracted great interest in recent years. Nevertheless, neuroscience and artificial intelligence face the challenge of representing and emulating animal behaviour in robots. Consequently, this paper presents a biologically inspired motivational model to control the biological functions of autonomous robots that interact with and emulate human behaviour. The model is intended to produce fully autonomous, natural, and behaviour that can adapt to both familiar and unexpected situations in human–robot interactions. The primary contribution of this paper is to present novel methods for modelling the robot’s internal state to generate deliberative and reactive behaviour, how it perceives and evaluates the stimuli from the environment, and the role of emotional responses. Our architecture emulates essential animal biological functions such as neuroendocrine responses, circadian and ultradian rhythms, motivation, and affection, to generate biologically inspired behaviour in social robots. Neuroendocrinal substances control biological functions such as sleep, wakefulness, and emotion. Deficits in these processes regulate the robot’s motivational and affective states, significantly influencing the robot’s decision-making and, therefore, its behaviour. We evaluated the model by observing the long-term behaviour of the social robot Mini while interacting with people. The experiment assessed how the robot’s behaviour varied and evolved depending on its internal variables and external situations, adapting to different conditions. The outcomes show that an autonomous robot with appropriate decision-making can cope with its internal deficits and unexpected situations, controlling its sleep–wake cycle, social behaviour, affective states, and stress, when acting in human–robot interactions. The research leading to these results has received funding from the projects: Robots Sociales para Estimulación Física, Cognitiva y Afectiva de Mayores (ROSES), RTI2018-096338-B-I00, funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Robots sociales para mitigar la soledad y el aislamiento en mayores (SOROLI), PID2021-123941OA-I00, funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. This publication is part of the R&D&I project PLEC2021-007819 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.

Background and Aims Inflammatory Bowel Disease colitis-associated dysplasia is managed with either enhanced surveillance and endoscopic resection or prophylactic surgery. The rate of progression to cancer after a dysplasia diagnosis remains uncertain in many cases and patients have high thresholds for accepting proctocolectomy. Individualised discussion of management options is encouraged to take place between patients and their multidisciplinary teams for best outcomes. We aimed to develop a toolkit to support a structured, multidisciplinary and shared decision-making approach to discussions about dysplasia management options between clinicians and their patients. Methods Evidence from systematic literature reviews, mixed-methods studies conducted with key stakeholders and decision-making expert recommendations were consolidated to draft consensus statements by the DECIDE steering group. These were then subjected to an international, multidisciplinary modified electronic Delphi process until an a priori threshold of 80% agreement was achieved to establish consensus for each statement. Results 31 members (15 gastroenterologists, 14 colorectal surgeons and two nurse specialists) from 9 countries formed the Delphi panel. We present the 18 consensus statements generated after two iterative rounds of anonymous voting. Conclusions By consolidating evidence for best practice using literature review, key stakeholder and decision-making expert consultation we have developed international consensus recommendations to support healthcare professionals counselling patients on the management of high cancer risk colitis-associated dysplasia. The final toolkit includes clinician and patient decision aids to facilitate shared decision-making.

Shepherding, the task of guiding a herd of autonomous individuals in a desired direction, is an essential skill to herd animals, enable crowd control and rescue from danger. Equipping robots with the capability of shepherding would allow performing such tasks with increased efficiency and reduced labour costs. So far, only single-robot or centralized multi-robot solutions have been proposed. The former is unable to observe dangers at any place surrounding the herd, and the latter does not generalize to unconstrained environments. Therefore, we propose a decentralized control algorithm for multi-robot shepherding, where the robots maintain a caging pattern around the herd to detect potential nearby dangers. When danger is detected, part of the robot swarm positions itself in order to repel the herd towards a safer region. We study the performance of our algorithm for different collective motion models of the herd. We task the robots to shepherd a herd to safety in two dynamic scenarios: (i) to avoid dangerous patches appearing over time and (ii) to remain inside a safe circular enclosure. Simulations show that the robots are always successful in shepherding when the herd remains cohesive, and enough robots are deployed.

The aim of this article is to explore how Swedish principals experienced the decentralisation and re-centralisation reforms and how they affected principals' autonomy and decision-making capacity. Data were obtained from three surveys of Swedish principals, carried out in 2005, 2012 and 2019. The results show that principals experienced a high degree of autonomy in their decision-making in 2005 and 2012 and also a balanced control from state and municipalities. At the time of the third study in 2019, principals continue to express a rather high degree of autonomy, but this autonomy is now combined with an increased degree of control. However, given the high degree of autonomy, in combination with low degree of conflicts between different stakeholders, the article concludes that the expression 'in the eye of the storm there is calm' appears to suit Swedish principals' decision-making, at least, in the development of decentralisation and re-centralisation.

Many local authorities are governed by a dual governance structure involving a political governing board and a chief administrative officer (CAO). The question if both strategic actors should collaborate has been long debated. The politics-administration dichotomy perspective advocates independence, while the complementarity view eulogizes interdependence. But, what is the appropriate level of governing board involvement during strategy implementation? We use data of 96 Flemish local authorities’ CAOs to investigate if specific strategic board role behaviours (SBRBs) stimulate governing board-CAO information sharing and, subsequently, foster strategy implementation effectiveness. Results confirm the relevance of overseeing SBRB in combination with information sharing.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented worldwide crisis with serious socioeconomic, physical and mental health consequences. However, its long-lasting effects on both mental health and decision-making difficulties remain unexplored. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of psychological disorders in Italy's populace one-year after the outbreak; further, we investigated potential risks impacting mental health and decision-making.In March 2021, 586 individuals (18-73 years) completed an online-survey plus a computerized delay discounting task for hypothetical money rewards.Psychological symptoms prevalence exceeded the Italy's lockdown rates, with about one-third reporting moderate-to-extremely severe depression, another third anxiety, and the rest stress; mirrored by an increase of symptoms at clinically significant severity levels. One year into the pandemic, half of our sample presented at least one psychological problem, and one-third was at risk of developing a more clinically severe psychological outcome. Fear of job loss, loneliness and intolerance of uncertainty were among the major risk factors to mental health. Plus, social-relationships and financial uncertainty were key determinants of depression, while fear of COVID-19 infection predicted anxiety symptoms. For decision-making tendencies, elevated delay discounting rates, implying less future-oriented behaviors, were mostly predicted by increased job loss fear and older age (35 years).This study provides cross-sectional evidence.Depression, anxiety and stress levels were still alarming one-year into COVID-19. Individuals experiencing financial insecurity, loneliness and intolerance of uncertainty perhaps benefit most from early interventions. Governments need to implement timely recovery plans to reduce financial insecurity, given its significant mental health impact and decision-making outcomes.

In this paper we revisit the basic variant of the classical secretary problem. We propose a new approach in which we separate between an agent that evaluates the secretary performance and one that has to make the hiring decision. The evaluating agent (the sender) signals the quality of the candidate to the hiring agent (the receiver) who must make a decision. Whenever the two agents' interests are not fully aligned, this induces an information transmission (signaling) challenge for the sender. We study the sender's optimization problem subject to persuasiveness constraints of the receiver for several variants of the problem. Our results quantify the loss in performance for the sender due to online arrival. We provide optimal and near-optimal persuasive mechanisms that recover at least a constant fraction of a natural utility benchmark for the sender. The separation of evaluation and decision making can have a substantial impact on the approximation results. While in some scenarios, techniques and results closely mirror the conditions in the standard secretary problem, we also explore conditions that lead to very different characteristics., 35 pages, 2 figures

Whereas people’s reasoning is often biased by intuitive stereotypical associations, recent debiasing studies suggest that performance can be boosted by short training interventions that stress the underlying problem logic. The nature of this training effect remains unclear. Does training help participants correct erroneous stereotypical intuitions through deliberation? Or does it help them develop correct intuitions? We addressed this issue in four studies with base-rate neglect and conjunction fallacy problems. We used a two-response paradigm in which participants first gave an initial intuitive response, under time pressure and cognitive load, and then gave a final response after deliberation. Studies 1A and 2A showed that training boosted performance and did so as early as the intuitive stage. After training, most participants solved the problems correctly from the outset and no longer needed to correct an initial incorrect answer through deliberation. Studies 1B and 2B indicated that this sound intuiting persisted over at least two months. The findings confirm that a short training can debias reasoning at an intuitive “System 1” stage and get reasoners to favour logical over stereotypical intuitions.

Purpose – Context effects have emerged as an area of interest in cognitive psychology. In the majority of experiments in the field, product alternatives are typically labeled with letters rather than with actual brand names. However, neglecting the ubiquitous brand in research design imposes unrealistic conditions. Thus, the aim of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to replicate classic decoy and compromise effect studies to create space for future meta-analytical research. The second aim is to explore the impact of brand presence on the two previously mentioned effects. Design/Methodology/Approach – A survey experiment was conducted with a 2x2 fully between-subjects factorial design. Data was collected from 1,050 members of a consumer panel through an online survey and analyzed using the Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression. The effect sizes were computed using Cramer’s phi. Findings and Implications – While the research found no statistically significant decoy effect, regardless of brand presence, the compromise effect was significant and more robust, although of reduced magnitude due to the presence of brands. Limitations – The major limitation of this study with regard to result interpretation is the fact that the respondents were faced with making hypothetical purchase decisions and expressed their preference without facing any economic consequences of their choice. Originality – Although the study builds on previous research on context effects and the role of brands, it also focuses on their impact on decision making by Central/Eastern European consumers. A sample representative of the Czech population was used instead of the convenient student samples most often found in the literature., Svrha – Učinci konteksta područje su interesa koje proizlazi iz kognitivne psihologije. U većini terenskih eksperimenata, alternative proizvoda obično su označene slovima, a ne pravim nazivima maraka. Međutim, zanemarivanje sveprisutne marke u dizajnu istraživanja nameće nerealne uvjete. Dakle, cilj ovog rada je dvostruk. Prvi je replicirati klasične studije o mamcu i kompromisnom učinku kako bi se stvorio prostor za buduća metaanalitička istraživanja. Drugi je cilj istražiti utjecaj prisutnosti maraka na dvama prethodno spomenutim učincima. Metodološki pristup – Korištena je anketa s eksperimentalnim scenarijem s 2x2 faktorskim dizajnom. Podaci su prikupljeni od 1.050 članova potrošačkog panela putem online anketnog upitnika. Analizirani korištenjem Hi-kvadrat testa i binarne logističke regresije. Veličine učinaka izračunate su pomoću mjere Cramer Phi. Rezultati i implikacije – Rezultati nisu pokazali statistički značajan učinak mamca, bez obzira na to jesu li marke bile prisutne ili ne, dok je učinak kompromisa bio značajan i robusniji iako je prisutnost maraka dovela do smanjenja njegove veličine. Ograničenja – Glavno ograničenje za interpretaciju rezultata ove studije jest činjenica da su se ispitanici suočili s hipotetskim odlučivanjem o kupovini i izrazili svoju preferenciju bez ikakvih ekonomskih posljedica svojih izbora. Doprinos – Iako se rad temelji na prethodnim istraživanjima o učincima konteksta i ulozi maraka, usredotočuje se i na njihov utjecaj na odlučivanje potrošača u srednjoj/istočnoj Europi te koristi uzorak reprezentativan za češku populaciju umjesto prigodnih studentskih uzoraka na koje se najčešće nailazi u literaturi.

Findings demonstrating decision-related neural activity preceding volitional actions have dominated the discussion about how science can inform the free will debate. These discussions have largely ignored studies suggesting that decisions might be influenced or biased by various unconscious processes. If these effects are indeed real, do they render subjects' decisions less free or even unfree? Here, we argue that, while unconscious influences on decision-making do not threaten the existence of free will in general, they provide important information about limitations on freedom in specific circumstances. We demonstrate that aspects of this long-lasting controversy are empirically testable and provide insight into their bearing on degrees of freedom, laying the groundwork for future scientific-philosophical approaches.

The European Green Deal sets targets for biodiversity, climate change, sustainable farming, and rural development. For abandoned agricultural lands to contribute to these goals, specific policy measures to support appropriate land management are required. However, information is lacking on what these policies will mean for landowners and managers. This paper reviews the role of abandoned lands in European Union (EU) policies linked to the Green Deal. We interviewed 30 experts to identify the challenges faced by landowners in response to the identified policies and gather suggestions for future policy improvements. We found few explicit mentions of abandoned lands in policies. The potential of abandoned lands for alternative trajectories (beyond farming) was generally implicit. According to experts, landowners perceive the EU Common Agriculture Policy as the most influential to drive abandonment trajectories and support (or hinder) opportunities for re-management. The main challenges for landowners to (re-)use their lands included conflicting policies, lack of financial and technical support, and a feeling of disconnection with policies defined at EU level. To address the gap between objectives and implementation, policies need to secure support for landowners and managers. We provide three recommendations to uncover the potential of abandoned lands to contribute to the Green Deal targets: (1) increase their visibility in policies, (2) rely on an integrating policy approach, and (3) careful spatial planning to account for biophysical, socioeconomic, and cultural variations across regions.

Although algorithmic decision support is omnipresent in many managerial tasks, a lack of algorithm transparency is often stated as a barrier to successful human–machine collaboration. In this paper, we analyze the effects of algorithm transparency on the use of advice from algorithms with different degrees of complexity. We conduct a set of laboratory experiments in which participants receive identical advice from algorithms with different levels of transparency and complexity. Our results indicate that not the algorithm itself, but the individually perceived appropriateness of algorithmic complexity moderates the effects of transparency on the use of advice. We summarize this effect as a plateau curve: While perceiving an algorithm as too simple severely harms the use of its advice, the perception of an algorithm as being too complex has no significant effect. Our insights suggest that managers do not have to be concerned about revealing algorithms that are perceived to be appropriately complex or too complex to decision‐makers, even if the decision‐makers do not fully comprehend them. However, providing transparency on algorithms that are perceived to be simpler than appropriate could disappoint people's expectations and thereby reduce the use of their advice.

Within the framework of the perspectives of self-determination, self-control and self-regulation, this research analyses the management of difficulties encountered during the implementation of strategies to support autonomy and collaboration in gymnastic learning. The approach of the study is qualitative and is based on the experiences of university students of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, using personal diaries during classroom practice as an information tool. The data analysis is carried out using AQUAD 7 software. The results show that during the learning process, students experience difficulties associated with anxiety, especially in the final moments of educational process, together with perceptions of gymnastic incompetence, which decreases as the training period ends. As a response to coping with learning difficulties, students mainly resort to personal reflection, adopt attitudes of victimisation and, to a lesser extent, turn to their peers to help solve their problems, among others. The high level of the sense of victimisation in high pressure situations reveals the need to design emotional management strategies to reduce students' resistance to assessment tasks that can damage and distort the action achieved in the learning process and reduce self-control.

In this policy brief, the potential that deliberative democracy as a decision-making process has for enhancing the inter-cultural dialogue and dealing with the issues present in multicultural communities is examined. Besides analyzing the advantages of deliberation and its operationalization in reality, in the final part of the policy brief, I offer some possible paths for improving the deliberative process in fostering intercultural communication and problem-solving.