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Background To enhance the therapeutic potential of Tinospora cordifolia phytosomes, a chloroform extract was prepared. Objectives The goal of this study was to create and test the therapeutic potential of a phytosome containing T. cordifolia extract. Materials and Methods The extraction of nonpolar compounds was carried out using chloroform as solvent. The active constituent of the extract was subjected to phytochemical and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses. Docking studies against multiple targeted proteins confirmed the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties of T. cordifolia extract. The phytosomes of T. cordifolia extract were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. The phytosomes were characterized for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, FTIR, in vitro drug release and in vivo anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Results The highest concentration was found to be 16.58% for epiyangambin. The reported compound inhibits GLUT1 and COX2 with 9.25 and 8.34 kcal/mol binding scores. The optimized TCP4 exhibited 454.2 ± 8.1 nm of vesicle size, –43.1 ± 7.5 mV of zeta potential, and 0.33 of polydispersity index (PDI). The phytosomes exhibited a spherical shape confirmed by TEM analysis. The formulation TCP4 showed a significantly higher release (94.7% ± 1.7%) than pure extract. TCP4 exhibited potent therapeutic potential for anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. Conclusion Chloroform extract loaded phytosomes with cholesterol as lipids exhibited significant therapeutic potential due to the presence of epiyangambin.

An increase in water demand for drinking, agriculture, and industries necessitates the treatment of water and wastewater. Among various conventional treatment techniques available, adsorption is found to be one of the most economical and feasible methods. Adsorbents from plant biomass are effective for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Cassava has gained attention among researchers during the past decades due to its plentiful availability and resilient characteristics. Even though cassava contains cyanogenic glucosides as toxins, it is used in industries for development of various products. Cassava stem, rhizome, peel, and bagasse are industrial residues that are generated in abundance. The present review focusses on factors affecting adsorption using cassava residues, adsorbent preparation and activation methods, equilibrium, mass transfer, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies of adsorption.

A new cleft-shaped 2-picolyl-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base (TBNap) was synthesized and employed as a fluorescent ‘turn-on’ chemosensor for the discriminative sensing of volatile halogenated solvents.

Reprocessing nuclear-spent fuels is highly demanded for enhanced resource efficacy and removal of the associated radiotoxicity.

The current work presents a perspective to obliterate toxic Hg(II) from an aqueous environment, a strategic environmental remediation and decontamination measure. We report a simple, efficient, and reusable solid-state visual sensing strategy for the selective detection and quantitative recovery of ultratrace Hg(II). The capture of Hg(II) ions was effectuated using a macro-/mesoporous polymer monolith uniformly decorated with an azo-based chromophoric ion receptor, i.e., 7-((1

General Surgery residency programs remain competitive, with over a quarter of US MD seniors failing to match into a categorical program each year. While previous literature has shown the role of mentorship in attracting medical students to surgery, there is a dearth of information demonstrating the role of mentorship in successfully matching those students to surgery programs.We implemented a structured mentorship program for medical students interested in applying to general surgery or integrated plastics, vascular, or cardiothoracic residencies over the course of one year, consisting of seven standardized meetings and events spanning the students' MS3 and MS4 years. Following Match Day, we sent students a five-point Likert scale survey to assess the perceived utility of each event and solicited self-reported application information.Of the 22 students at a single institution who attended the structured mentorship program and applied to general surgery residency, 100% matched into a categorical program, significantly higher than the 73% national match rate of US MD seniors into general surgery (P 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two cohorts in terms of United States Medical Licensing Examination board scores, Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society status, or median number of publications, research experiences, work experiences, or volunteer experiences. Nineteen of the 22 students responded to the survey, yielding an 86% response rate. Ninety percent of the students attended at least six out of the seven events. Six out of the seven events had median helpfulness scores (out of five) that were significantly higher than a "neutral" baseline (P 0.05).A structured mentorship program may play a useful role in successfully matching general surgery applicants to residencies and would be a simple and low-cost program to implement at other medical schools.

The assessment of the effect of seasonal variations on health, hematology, and serum biochemical components of three marine teleost fishes, Mugil cephalus, Chanos chanos, and Arius arius from Kovalam, East Coast Road, Southeast coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The objectives of the study pointed out the effect of seasonal variation on fish health and immunity. During summer and pre-monsoon, a total of 20 samples were collected from each sample, and hematological, biochemical, immunity parameters, and fish health were considered. M. cephalus (L-23.86±1.03; W-171.22±35.42) C. chanos, (L-22.36±1.17; W-163.03±33.32) and A. arius (L-22.62±1.08; W-168.72±35.04) have different length and weight. The WBC, RBC, Hb, and HCT were higher during summer in M. cephalus, C. chanos, and A. arius likewise, these parameters were lower in the pre-monsoon period (P

The present paper highlights how Michael Chabon’s novel The Final Solution focuses on the Holocaust Experience in the twenty-first century American Literature. The Holocaust is known as the Shoah was the genocide of European Jews during World War II between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany. Its collaborators systematically murdered six million Jews across German occupied Europe around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The segregation of Jews in ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. The title of the novel refer Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story "The Final Problem" in which Holmes confronts his greatest enemy, Professor Moriarty, at Reichenbach Falls. The Final Solution is the Nazis' plan for the genocide of the Jewish people, as well as The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, a 1974 novel written in homage to Conan Doyle by Nicholas Meyer. However, The Final Solution supplements and complicates the standard interpretation of the novel as an exercise in Holocaust piety by focusing on an “impious” subtext that appears to contradict some of the text’s more overt assumptions.

A novel and small sized implantable antenna has been proposed for scientific industrial & medical (ISM) band applications. The proposed antenna is — shaped antenna and it is a circular patch antenna which has been designed based on the previous research articles and the lower size is achieved by implementing different miniaturization techniques. The radiating structure has a circular shaped patch and it has fillet edges with square shape. The back reflections have been avoided by extending the ground plane over the complete plane. The proposed antenna has been structured by using ROGER 3010 substrate which has the thickness of 1.6 mm and dielectric permittivity of 10.2 in order to achieve the geometries of an antenna with rigidity, the proposed structure has been designed. This antenna structure is operated at 2.45 GHz with the most recommended omni-directional pattern that has been used for transmitting with other in body devices.

Glioma is the most common malignant tumour of the brain, in which glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form which infiltrates through the white fibre tracts. Corpus callosum (CC) is most invaded by GBM, it carries poor prognosis as mostly these tumours are not touched upon due to the belief of post operative cognitive decline, or there is incomplete resection leading to tumour recurrence. However current advancement in technology, operative techniques and better understanding of nature of CC-GBM, maximal safe resection is being carried out with better outcomes in comparison with the GBM without infiltration of CC.

Alzheimer's illness (AD) is an issue that causes cell degeneration in the cerebrum and is the primary driver of dementia, which is described by a lessening in thought and freedom in private everyday exercises. Promotion is viewed as a multifactorial sickness: two primary speculations were proposed as a reason for theories of commercials, cholinergic and amyloids. Moreover, a few gamble factors, like expanding age, hereditary variables, head wounds, vascular illnesses, contaminations, and natural elements, assume a part in the infection. At present, there are just two sorts of meds endorsed to treat AD, including cholinesterase compound inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) bad guys, who are powerful just in the treatment of AD side effects, yet don't fix or keep you from disease. Today, research is zeroing in on the comprehension of AD pathology focused on a few systems, like strange tau protein digestion, β-amyloid, fiery reaction, and cholinergic and free extreme harm, with the target of creating effective medicines to stop or alter the course of the declaration. This survey presently examines accessible drugs and future hypotheses for the advancement of new treatments for AD and normal mixtures.

Bacoside - A, a dynamic component of Bacopa monniera is utilized in different ailments. The pharmacodynamics and cellular pathways overseeing the impacts of Bacoside- A on NAFLD stay unclear. In this study, we examined Bacoside - A pharmacology through evaluation of its chemical constituents and assessed and screened its components using drug likeness, pharmacokinetic characteristics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), and appropriate compensation mechanisms. We performed expectations of the dynamic BM fixings based on invert pharmacophore matching and compared different NAFLD-related genes to decide potential BM targets. Atomic docking experiments of the dynamic components were performed to uncover cellular targets. Explanation examination of both target qualities and related pathways were evaluated through the DAVID database. Cytoscape computer program was utilized to build a “component-target- path” network for the treatment of NAFLD by BM. Through data analysis, 9 active BM substances and 10 targets related to NAFLD encompassing 4 cellular pathways were identified. Data were verified through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. These findings provide new references for the network pharmacology of Ayurvedic medicinal compounds and NAFLD treatment.

Head injury or traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered an instant epidemic in the developed world. Head injuries account for one quarter to a third of all trauma-related deaths. According to the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018, more than 1.35 million people were killed in a single year. Out of these, 90% of the casualties occurred in developing countries, and India contributes about 11% of the total share. Until the last decade, cardiac disease, cancer, and road traffic accidents were considered the leading causes of death in our country. It is predicted that if the incidence of Road Traffic Accidents continues at the present rate, then by the end of 2025, the head injury will become the most common cause of death worldwide. The head injury patients pose a unique challenge to the treating physicians in the early period of hospitalization and the later duration of follow-up. The primary role of intensive care management is preventing and treating intracranial hypertension, which causes derangement in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), thereby preventing secondary brain injury. In the present review, we discuss the effective management of TBI in the critical care unit.

In this work, we report on fabricating a solid-state naked-eye sensor for targeting industrially relevant cobalt ions, using a tailor-made bimodal macro-/meso-porous polymer carbon-based monolithic cage-like template of high surface area and voluminous porosity. The solid-state sensor has concocted through the homogenous dispersion of a unique chromoionophoric ion-receptor (probe), i.e., 4-((9H-purin-6-yl)diazenyl)-6-hexylbenzene-1,3-diol (PDHBD), onto the polymer monolith. The ion-receptor anchored monolithic sensor's structural and surface morphology features are subjected to characterization by surface area analysis, electron microscopic, diffraction, and spectroscopic techniques. The monolith sensor exhibits exclusive selectivity for Co(II), with an incremental color transition from pale-orange to deep-red, for Co(II) concentrations ranging from 0-500 ppb. The influence of investigational factors is systematically studied to enhance sensor performance. The monolithic sensor reveals a maximum signal response in the pH range of 7.0-8.0, with response kinetics of ≤3 min, at 40°C≤ T ≥20°C, for Co(II). The multi-reusable solid-state sensor exhibits a superior detection and quantification limit of 0.3 and 1.0 ppb, respectively, for Co(II). The sensor proves its real-time monitoring efficiency in recovering Co(II) from environmental and industrial water samples with excellent data reproducibility. The binding mechanism of PDHBD molecules with Co(II) for exclusive ion-selectivity is studied using density functional theory.

Charge transfer (CT) interaction induced formation of a hierarchical supramolecular assembly has attracted attention due to its wide diversity of structural and functional characteristics. In the present work, we report the generation of green luminescent microspheres from the charge transfer interaction induced co-assembly of a bis-naphthyl dipicolinic amide (DPA) derivative with tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) for the first time. The properties of these self-assemblies were studied both in solution and the solid-state using spectroscopic and a variety of microscopy techniques. The X-ray crystal structure analysis showed a mixed stack arrangement of DPA and TCNB. The molecular orbital and energy level calculations confirm the charge transfer complex formation between DPA and TCNB. Furthermore, energy transfer was observed from the green luminescent CT complex to a red-emitting dye, pyronin Y, in the microsphere matrix, leading to the formation of a light-harvesting tri-component self-assembly.

The construction of a Z-scheme photocatalyst by coupling semiconductors with conductors is an efficient way to achieve high pollutant degradation efficiency. In this study, a hydrothermal approach was used to fabricate a Z-scheme photocatalyst consisting of C-MoS2 sheets wrapped around octahedral anatase TiO2 nanocrystals. The catalyst showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency (99%) for methylene blue degradation with low catalyst loading (0.2 g L-1) under the simulated solar light within 60 min. High photocatalytic degradation efficiencies were also observed for Rhodamine B, methyl orange, and tetracycline under solar irradiation. The C-MoS2 acts as an electron mediator and serves as a carrier transmission bridge for the efficient electron-hole separation. The electron-rich (1 0 1)-faceted TiO2 benefits the Z-scheme recombination of electrons from the conduction band of TiO2 and holes at the valence band of MoS2. The semiconductor coupling of (1 0 1)-exposed octahedral TiO2 and 2H-MoS2 as well as the introduction of solid-state electron mediators, 1T-MoS2 and carbon, resulted in increased light absorption and accelerated charge transfer at the contact interface, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst significantly compared to those of P25, MoS2/TiO2, and C-MoS2. The efficient separation of electron-hole pairs prolongs their lifetime for oxidation and reduction reactions in the degradation process.

Due to increased industrialization in developing countries some of the toxic substances are being increased in day-to-day life. Living organisms need some trace amounts of metals like copper, manganese, zinc etc. but some of the non-essential toxic heavy metals are also accumulated in the body of living organisms which may cause damages to the immune organs of the organism. The present study investigated the impacts of sublethal dosage of inorganic Lead acetate on the hematological, biochemical and immunological responses of the brackish water fish Mystus gulio. The LC50 at 96 h was determined by the Probit method. The experiment was performed for 30 days of exposure of lead acetate (4 mg/l) to the fish Mystus gulio. After exposure to lead nitrate hematological (hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, PCV, neutrophil, eosinophil and platelet), biochemical (glucose, protein, albumin and globulin) and immunological (IgM) parameters were analyzed. A decrease was seen in the RBC count, hemoglobin, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, protein, albumin and globulin whereas an increase was seen in WBC count, neutrophils, eosinophils, ESR, platelet count, glucose and Immunoglobulin (IgM).

In this study, the experimental soil samples were collected from poultry waste dumping site at Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India. From the five soil samples, 15 bacterial colonies were isolated based on Keratinolytic activity with source of agar nutrient medium, nitrogen, carbon and feather meal powder. After the incubation period only 6 isolates showed clear zone of hydrolysis around colony in feather meal agar medium incubated at 37 C for 72 h. The Bacterial species were identified by the morphological and biochemical tests compared with Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology IV edition. The obtained bacterial genera from poultry waste dumping sites were Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the Keratinolytic activity the maximum zone of inhibition was noticed in the isolate No.3, and it was identified as Micrococcus luteus. The identified potential keratinolytic bacterial species culture was optimized with different temperature, pH, nitrogen and carbon sources for bulk production of enzyme. The bulk production of enzyme was precipitated with 20% of ammonium sulphate and it was purified with dialysis bag and subjected to assay procedure for determination of enzyme activity. The antibiotic sensitivity was tested on the isolated bacterial isolates and the highest antibiotic resistance was observed in Staphylococcus aureus (75%) and second most Salmonella (70%) and followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (60%), Enterococcus faecalis (50%) and Escherichia coli (45%) .

The systematic and stepwise formation of spent mushroom compost-derived activated carbon (SMC), electrode assembly, and supercapacitor performance were studied.

Oesophageal carcinosarcoma (OCS) is a rare oesophageal cancer, expressing both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Although believed to have a better prognosis, no standard guidelines exist for its diagnosis and management. We report a case of a 60-year male presenting with progressive dysphagia and weight loss. Endoscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest revealed a large polypoidal intraluminal growth at the mid-oesophagus. Endoscopic biopsy revealed a sarcoma of the oesophagus. The patient underwent McKeown minimally invasive oesophagectomy. Final histopathology was suggestive of OCS. Postoperatively, the patient received adjuvant chemoradiation. At 20-month follow-up, he was asymptomatic with no radiological evidence of recurrence.

Necrotising fasciitis is a dreaded aggressive soft tissue infection that can cause extensive tissue necrosis. It may arise in the breast where its diagnosis may not readily be evoked.

As gasoline demand increases, the efficiency of operation of Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) becomes paramount importance. In this paper, a dynamic model for FCCU is simulated and integrated with yield model in order to estimate the yield of products namely gasoline, light gases and coke. Conventional PI controllers are designed for the control of reactor and regenerator temperature. Since, the complete reaction occurs in a very short duration, the controllers are tuned so as to achieve shorter settling time and minimum overshot. Further in order to increase the yield, optimization of FCCU using Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) at supervisory level is attempted. Through optimization of objective function, the GPC will provide optimized set point for the PI controller in order to maintain maximum gasoline yield.

The proposed IoT based farming system was built with the Arduino board, Node MCU and various sensors. The IoT platform used to support this project was Blynk. The prototype consists of two nodes that are transmitter node and receiver node. The transmitter node sends the sensing data including temperature, humidity, motion, and soil moisture to the receiver node. Meanwhile, the water pump was activated when the soil moisture was lower than 25% and off if the soil moisture was higher or equal to 25%. In receiver node, the various data was displayed in the OLED display and sent to the Blynk cloud simultaneously. The users of this system can monitor their crops using mobile application and websites. The DHT22 was able to measure high accurate data by comparing the results with infrared thermometer sensor and the PIR motion sensor detects the far motion up to 8 meters. The maximum RSSI value of LoRa WAN data transmission in this project was up to -86.9dBm when the distance between transmitter and receiver was 10 meters but the wireless connection was still function because the result is still not lower than the noise floor which is -120dBm and there will be no loss of data in LoRaWAN, this proved LoRa was the suitable network architecture in the field of agriculture.

The efficiency of surface modified nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) composite by cashew nut shell (CNS) was tested for the removal of cadmium ions from the aqueous solutions. 2 g/l CNS-nZVI was efficient for 98% removal. The adsorption capacity was 35.58 mg/g. The Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9769) and the pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics data fitted well. This proved CNS-nZVI has a high removal efficiency for Cd(II) from aqueous solutions.

Purpose NUF2 has been implicated in multiple cancers recently, suggesting NUF2 may play a role in the common tumorigenesis process. In this study, we aim to perform comprehensive meta-analysis of NUF2 expression in the cancer types included in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Materials and methods RNA-sequencing data in 31 cancer types in the TCGA data and 11 independent datasets were used to examine NUF2 expression. Silencing NUF2 using targeting shRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was used to evaluate NUF2's role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. Results NUF2 up-regulation is significantly observed in 23 out of the 31 cancer types in the TCGA datasets and validated in 13 major cancer types using 11 independent datasets. NUF2 overexpression was clinically important as high NUF2 was significantly associated with tumor stages in eight different cancers. High NUF2 was also associated with significantly poorer patient overall survival and disease-free survival in eight and six cancers, respectively. We proceeded to validate NUF2 overexpression and its negative association with overall survival at the protein level in an independent cohort of 40 HCC patients. Compared to the non-targeting controls, NUF2 knockdown cells showed significantly reduced ability to grow, migrate into a scratch wound and invade the 8 μm porous membrane in vitro. Moreover, NUF2 knockdown cells also formed significantly smaller tumors than control cells in mouse xenograft assays in vivo. Conclusion NUF2 up-regulation is a common feature of many cancers. The prognostic potential and functional impact of NUF2 up-regulation warrant further studies.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to visualize protein manipulation using dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a substantial perspective on being an effective protein analysis and biosensor method as DEP is able to be used as a means for manipulation, fractionation, pre-concentration and separation. This research aims to quantify DEP using an electrochemical technique known as cyclic voltammetry (CV), as albumin is non-visible without any fluorescent probe or dye. Design/methodology/approach The principles of DEP were generated by an electric field on tapered DEP microelectrodes. The principle of CV was analysed using different concentrations of albumin on a screen-printed carbon electrode. Using preliminary data from both DEP and CV methods as a future prospect for the integration of both techniques to do electrical quantification of DEP forces. Findings The size of the albumin is known to be 0.027 µm. Engineered polystyrene particle of size 0.05 µm was selected to mimic the DEP actuation of albumin. Positive DEP of the sample engineered polystyrene particle was able to be visualized clearly at 10 MHz supplied with 20 Vpp. However, negative DEP was not able to be visualized because of the limitation of the apparatus. However, albumin was not able to be visualized under the fluorescent microscope because of its translucent properties. Thus, a method of electrical quantification known as the CV technique is used. The detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using the CV method is successful. As the concentration of BSA increases, the peak current obtained from the voltammogram decreases. The peak current can be an indicator of DEP response as it correlates to the adsorption of the protein onto the electrodes. The importance of the results from both CV and DEP shows that the integration of both techniques is possible. Originality/value The integration of both methods could give rise to a new technique with precision to be implemented into the dialyzers used in renal haemodialysis treatment for manipulation and sensing of protein albumin.

The present research paper entitled “Kunal Basu’s Prescription for Personal and Political Problems” is to examine Kunal Basu’s four major selected novels: The Opium Clerk, The Miniaturist, Racists and The Yellow Emperor’s Cure and their characters and establishes them as a social and artistic vision of Kunal Basu. This paper deals with Kunal Basu’s treatment of Indian social problems and political problems of Basu’s time. In the recent past, Kunal Basu work did not attract much critical attention. One of the reasons may be that his novels possessing two core subjects, the one is historical representation and second one is Indian political and social issues of Basu’s time. Keeping in mind the paucity of critical studies and evaluations, here an attempt is mode in this research paper to study exhaustively Indian social conditions, and political problems portrayed by Kunal Basu.