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This paper presents a direct numerical simulation for the extraction of material properties based on thin-film wrinkling on scotch tape. Conventional FEM-based buckling simulation sometimes requires complex modeling techniques concerning mesh element manipulation or boundary conditions. The direct numerical simulation differs from FEM (finite element method)-based conventional two-step linear–nonlinear buckling simulation in that mechanical imperfections are directly applied into the elements of the simulation model. Hence, it can be performed in one step to find the wrinkling wavelength and amplitude, which are key parameters to extract the material mechanical properties. Moreover, the direct simulation can reduce simulation time and modeling complexity. Using the direct model, the effect of the number of imperfections on wrinkling characteristics was first studied, and then wrinkling wavelengths depending on the elastic moduli of the associated materials were prepared for the extraction of material properties. Thin-film wrinkling test patterns on scotch tape were fabricated using the transfer technique with low adhesion between metal films and the polyimide substrate. The material properties of the thin metal films were determined by comparing the measured wrinkling wavelengths and the proposed direct simulation results. By consequence, the elastic moduli of 300 nm thick gold film and 300 nm thick aluminum were determined as 250 GPa and 300 GPa, respectively.

This paper proposes an extension of the finite cell method (FCM) to V-rep models, a novel geometric framework for volumetric representations. This combination of an embedded domain approach (FCM) and a new modeling framework (V-rep) forms the basis for an efficient and accurate simulation of mechanical artifacts, which are not only characterized by complex shapes but also by their non-standard interior structure. These objects gain more and more interest in the context of the new design opportunities opened by additive manufacturing, mainly when graded or micro-structured material is applied. Two different types of functionally graded materials (FGM) are considered: The first one, multi-material FGM, is described using the V-rep models' inherent property to assign different properties throughout the interior of a domain. The second, single-material FGM -- which is heterogeneously micro-structured -- characterizes the effective material behavior of representative volume elements by homogenization and performs large-scale simulations using the embedded domain approach., Preprint submitted to Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences

We present results of interface-resolved simulations of heat transfer in suspensions of finite-size neutrally-buoyant spherical particles for solid volume fractions up to 35% and bulk Reynolds numbers from 500 to 5600. An Immersed Boundary–Volume of Fluid method is used to solve the energy equation in the fluid and solid phase. We relate the heat transfer to the regimes of particle motion previously identified, i.e. a viscous regime at low volume fractions and low Reynolds number, particle-laden turbulence at high Reynolds and moderate volume fraction and particulate regime at high volume fractions. We show that in the viscous dominated regime, the heat transfer is mainly due to thermal diffusion with enhancement due to the particle-induced fluctuations. In the turbulent-like regime, we observe the largest enhancement of the global heat transfer, dominated by the turbulent heat flux. In the particulate shear-thickening regime, however, the heat transfer enhancement decreases as mixing is quenched by the particle migration towards the channel core. As a result, a compact loosely-packed core region forms and the contribution of thermal diffusion to the total heat transfer becomes significant once again. The global heat transfer becomes, in these flows at volume fractions larger than 25%, lower than in single phase turbulence.

This work is carried out with the support of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR) and of CCRC/KAUST 1975-03 CCF Subaward Agreement. The authors acknowledge the Italian Super-Computing Interuniversity Consortium CINECA for support and high-performance computing resources under Grant No.DL-3D-SC/ HP10C4YS8W.

В статье решается задача прямого численного моделирования движения одномерной ударной волны с помощью TVD схемы решения уравнений Эйлера. Показано, что в случае отрицательной скорости движения ударной волны схема имеет большую численную диффузию. Схема была модифицирована путем введения зеркального отражения потока относительно ее центрального узла для передачи данных в подпрограмму расчета и повторного отражения при получении результатов. Результаты моделирования сравниваются с точным решением Годунова задачи о распаде разрыва. Результаты, полученные с помощью модифицированной TVD схемы для отрицательной скорости движения ударной волны, практически совпадают по точности с результатами исходной TVD схемы для положительной скорости движения ударной волны. Таким образом, точность схемы сохраняется.

X-ray micro computed tomography (μ-CT), originally developed for non-destructive biomedical imaging, is increasingly being employed in areas as diverse as materials characterization and reverse engineering. The technique employs computer processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or slices of specific regions of the object under investigation. This paper presents a numerical analysis of air flow through four different high-porosity ERG copper foams having different pore sizes (5, 10, 20, and 40 pores per inch, PPI), and approximately the same relative density (6.4-6.6% solid fraction). These samples were scanned with a commercial micro computed tomography scanner at a resolution of 20 μm, yielding a stack of two- dimensional images. Starting with these two-dimensional images, the real, random structure of the foams was reconstructed and subsequently meshed using the commercial software Simpleware. Meshes thus produced were then exported to FLUENT for simulating the fluid flow through the pore space of the foam samples. The results of μ-CT based CFD computations are compared against experimental measurements of pressure drop that were previously obtained with the same samples. The comparison reveals excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental results, highlighting the accuracy of this novel approach.

The purpose was to determine dose‐delivery errors resulting from systematic rotational setup errors for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using direct simulation in a treatment planning system. Ten patients with brain tumors who received intensity‐modulated radiotherapy had dose distributions re‐evaluated to assess the impact of systematic rotational setup errors. The dosimetric effect of rotational setup errors was simulated by rotating images and contours using a 3 by 3 rotational matrix. Combined rotational errors of ± 1°,± 3°,± 5° and ± 7° and residual translation errors of 1 mm along each axis were simulated. Dosimetric effects of the rotated images were evaluated by recomputing dose distributions and compared with the original plan. The mean volume of CTV that received the prescription dose decreased from 99.3%± 0.5% (original) to 98.6%± 1.6% (± 1°), 97.0%± 2.0% (± 3°), 93.1%± 4.6% (± 5°), and 87.8%± 14.2% (± 7°). Minimal changes in the cold and hot spots were seen in the CTV. In general, the increase in the volumes of the organs at risk (OARs) receiving the tolerance doses was small and did not exceed the tolerance, except for cases where the OARs were in close proximity to the PTV. For intracranial tumors treated with IMRT with a CTV‐to‐PTV margin of 3 mm, rotational setup errors of 3° or less didn't decrease the CTV coverage to less than 95% in most cases. However, for large targets with irregular or elliptical shapes, the target coverage decreased significantly as rotational errors of 5° or more were present. Our results indicate that setup margins are warranted even in the absence of translational setup errors to account for rotational setup errors. Rotational setup errors should be evaluated carefully for clinical cases involving large tumor sizes and for targets with elliptical or irregular shape, as well as when isocenter is away from the center of the PTV or OARs are in close proximity to the target volumes. PACS number: 87.53.Bn

International audience; This paper presents a numerical study of the dynamic self-assembly of neutrally buoyant particles rotating in a viscous fluid. The particles experience simultaneously a magnetic torque that drives their individual spinning motion, a magnetic attraction toward the center of the domain and flow-induced interactions. Under specific conditions, a hydrodynamic repulsion balances the centripetal attraction of the magnetized particles, which leads to the formation of an aggregate of several particles. After a short transient, an aggregate of particles is formed that then rotates with a precession velocity related to the inter-particle distance. This dynamic self-assembly is stable (but not stationary) and the morphology depends on the number of particles. The numerical simulation is based on the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the Lagrangian tracking of each individual particle. Multi-body interactions (at low but finite Reynolds number) are achieved by a local forcing of the momentum equations of the fluid flow. The agreement with experiments of spinning disks at a liquid-air interface is not only qualitative but also quantitative. Comparisons on the evolution of the characteristic scales of the aggregate with the rotation rate of individual particles clearly show that the numerical results are consistent with the experiments.

We report and discuss the results of a Direct Monte Carlo Simulation of the propagation of a disturbance in a rarefied gas flowing in a channel.

Sintered porous structures are ubiquitous as heat transport media for thermal management and other applications. In particular, low-porosity sintered packed beds are used as capillary-wicking and evaporation-enhancement structures in heat pipes. Accurate prediction and analysis of their transport characteristics for different microstructure geometries is important for improved design. Owing to the random nature and geometric complexity of these materials, development of predictive methods has been the subject of extensive prior research. The present work summarizes and builds upon past studies and recent advances in pore-scale modeling of fluid and thermal transport within such heterogeneous media. A brief review of various analytical and numerical models for simplified prediction of transport characteristics such as effective thermal conductivity, permeability, and interfacial heat transfer is presented. More recently, there has been a growing interest in direct numerical simulation of transport in realistic representations of the porous medium geometry; for example, by employing nondestructive 3D imaging techniques such as X-ray microtomography. Future research directions are identified, looking beyond techniques intended for material characterization alone, and focusing on those targeting the reverse engineering of wick structures via modeling of the physical sintering fabrication processes. This approach may eventually be employed to design intricate sintered porous structures with desired properties tailored to specific applications.

Sintered porous structures are ubiquitous as heat transport media for thermal management and other applications. In particular, low-porosity sintered packed beds are used as capillary-wicking and evaporation-enhancement structures in heat pipes. Accurate prediction and analysis of their transport characteristics for different microstructure geometries is important for improved design. Owing to the random nature and geometric complexity of these materials, development of predictive methods has been the subject of extensive prior research. The present work summarizes and builds upon past studies and recent advances in pore-scale modeling of fluid and thermal transport within such heterogeneous media. A brief review of various analytical and numerical models for simplified prediction of transport characteristics such as effective thermal conductivity, permeability, and interfacial heat transfer is presented. More recently, there has been a growing interest in direct numerical simulation of transport in realistic representations of the porous medium geometry; for example, by employing nondestructive 3D imaging techniques such as X-ray microtomography. Future research directions are identified, looking beyond techniques intended for material characterization alone, and focusing on those targeting the reverse engineering of wick structures via modeling of the physical sintering fabrication processes. This approach may eventually be employed to design intricate sintered porous structures with desired properties tailored to specific applications.

A direct simulation of electron scattering in solids is developed. Using this simulation, a topographic contrast found in the scanning electron microscope is quantitatively discussed. The surface topography studied here is a rectangular rod pattern and a rectangular groove pattern at an infinite horizontal plane surface of Al. We quantify characteristics of the secondary electron image and of the backscattered electron image at the topography. The intensity profile at the bottom surface of the groove pattern is roughly approximated by an analytical model.

Published under licence in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by IOP Publishing Ltd. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. A conservative level-set model for direct simulation of two-phase flows with thermocapillary effects at dynamically deformable interface is presented. The Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy conservation equation are solved by means of a finite-volume/level-set method. Some numerical examples including thermocapillary motion of single and multiple fluid particles are computed by means of the present method. The results are compared with analytical solutions and numerical results from the literature as validations of the proposed model.