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In mammals, sleep duration is highest in the early postnatal period of life and is critical for shaping neural circuits that control the development of complex behaviors. The prairie vole is a wild, highly social rodent that serves as a unique model for the study of complex, species-typical social behaviors. Previous work in our laboratory has found that early life sleep disruption (ELSD) in prairie voles during a sensitive window of postnatal development leads to long lasting changes in social and cognitive behaviors as well as structural changes in excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits in the brain. However, it is currently unknown how later sleep is impacted by ELSD, both shortly after ELSD and over the long term. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the effects of ELSD on later life sleep, compared to sleep in normally developing prairie voles. First, we conducted tethered electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) recordings in juvenile prairie voles undergoing ELSD, compared to Control conditions. Second, we conducted 24 hours of home cage tethered EEG/EMG recordings in either adolescent or adult male and female prairie voles that had previously undergone ELSD or Control conditions as juveniles. We found that, as adults, male ELSD prairie voles showed persistently lower REM sleep duration and female ELSD prairie voles showed persistently higher NREM sleep duration compared to Controls, but no other sleep parameters differed. We concluded that 1) persistent effects of ELSD on sleep into adulthood may contribute to the social and cognitive deficits observed in adult voles, and 2) sleep disruption early in life can influence later sleep patterns in adulthood.

We have combined the low-energy neutron detector WINDS (Wide-angle Inverse-kinematics Neutron Detectors for SHARAQ) and the SAMURAI spectrometer at RIKEN Nishina Center RI Beam Factory (RIBF) in order to perform ( p , n ) reactions in inverse kinematics for unstable nuclei in the mass region around A ∼ 100 . In this setup, WINDS is used for detecting recoil neutrons and the SAMURAI spectrometer is used for tagging decay channel of heavy residue. The first experiment by using the setup was performed to study Gamow–Teller transitions from 132 Sn in April 2014. The atomic number Z and mass-to-charge ratio A / Q of the beam residues were determined from the measurements of time of flight, magnetic rigidity and energy loss. The obtained A / Q and Z resolutions were σ A / Q = 0.14 % and σ Z = 0.22 , respectively. Furthermore, owing to the large momentum acceptance ( 50 % ) of SAMURAI, the beam residues associated with the γ , 1n and 2n decay channel were measured in the same magnetic field setting. The kinematic loci of the measured recoil neutron energy and laboratory angle are clearly seen. It shows that the excitation energy up to about 20 MeV can be reconstructed.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has a complex heterogeneous distributed computing infrastructure, which is used to process and analyse exabytes of data. Metadata are collected and stored at all stages of data processing and physics analysis. All metadata could be divided into operational metadata to be used for the quasi on-line monitoring, and archival to study the behaviour of corresponding systems over a given period of time (i.e., long-term data analysis). Ensuring the stability and efficiency of functioning of complex and large-scale systems, such as those in the ATLAS Computing, requires sophisticated monitoring tools, and the long-term monitoring data analysis becomes as important as the monitoring itself. Archival metadata, which contains a lot of metrics (hardware and software environment descriptions, network states, application parameters, errors) accumulated for more than decade, can be successfully processed by various machine learning (ML) algorithms for classification, clustering and dimensionality reduction. However, the ML data analysis, despite the massive use, is not without shortcomings: the underlying algorithms are usually treated as “black boxes”, as there are no effective techniques for understanding their internal mechanisms, and the domain-experts involvement in the process of ML data analysis is very limited. As a result, the data analysis suffers from the lack of human supervision. Moreover, sometimes the conclusions made by algorithms with a high accuracy may have no sense regarding the real data model. In this work we will demonstrate how the interactive data visualization can be applied to extend the routine ML data analysis methods. Visualization allows an active use of human spatial thinking to identify new tendencies and patterns found in the collected data, avoiding the necessity of struggling with the instrumental analytics tools. The architecture and the corresponding prototype of Interactive Visual Explorer (InVEx) - visual analytics toolkit for the multidimensional data analysis of ATLAS computing metadata will be presented. The web-application part of the prototype provides an interactive visual clusterization of ATLAS computing jobs, search for computing jobs non-trivial behaviour and its possible reasons. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has a complex heterogeneous distributed computing infrastructure, which is used to process and analyse exabytes of data. Metadata are collected and stored at all stages of data processing and physics analysis. All metadata could be divided into operational metadata to be used for the quasi on-line monitoring, and archival to study the behaviour of corresponding systems over a given period of time (i.e. long-term data analysis). Ensuring the stability and efficiency of complex and large-scale systems, such as those in the ATLAS Computing, requires sophisticated monitoring tools, and the long-term monitoring data analysis becomes as important as the monitoring itself. Archival metadata, which contains a lot of metrics (hardware and software environment descriptions, network states, application parameters, errors) accumulated for more than a decade, can be successfully processed by various machine learning (ML) algorithms for classification, clustering and dimensionality reduction. However, the ML data analysis, despite the massive use, is not without shortcomings: the underlying algorithms are usually treated as “black boxes”, as there are no effective techniques for understanding their internal mechanisms. As a result, the data analysis suffers from the lack of human supervision. Moreover, sometimes the conclusions made by algorithms may not be making sense with regard to the real data model. In this work we will demonstrate how the interactive data visualization can be applied to extend the routine ML data analysis methods. Visualization allows an active use of human spatial thinking to identify new tendencies and patterns found in the collected data, avoiding the necessity of struggling with the instrumental analytics tools. The architecture and the corresponding prototype of Interactive Visual Explorer (InVEx) - visual analytics toolkit for the multidimensional data analysis of ATLAS computing metadata will be presented. The web-application part of the prototype provides an interactive visual clusterization of ATLAS computing jobs, search for computing jobs non-trivial behaviour and its possible reasons.

The key parameter to discuss the possibility of the pion condensation in nuclear matter, i.e., the so-called Landau-Migdal parameter g^{'}, was extracted by measuring the double-differential cross sections for the (p,n) reaction at 216 MeV/u on a neutron-rich doubly magic unstable nucleus, ^{132}Sn with the quality comparable to data taken with stable nuclei. The extracted strengths for Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions from ^{132}Sn leading to ^{132}Sb exhibit the GT giant resonance (GTR) at the excitation energy of 16.3±0.4(stat)±0.4(syst) MeV with the width of Γ=4.7±0.8 MeV. The integrated GT strength up to E_{x}=25 MeV is S_{GT}^{-}=53±5(stat)_{-10}^{+11}(syst), corresponding to 56% of Ikeda's sum rule of 3(N-Z)=96. The present result accurately constrains the Landau-Migdal parameter as g^{'}=0.68±0.07, thanks to the high sensitivity of the GTR energy to g^{'}. In combination with previous studies on the GTR for ^{90}Zr and ^{208}Pb, the result of this work shows the constancy of this parameter in the nuclear chart region with (N-Z)/A=0.11 to 0.24 and A=90 to 208.

The key parameter to discuss the possibility of the pion condensation in nuclear matter, i.e., the so-called Landau-Migdal parameter g^{'}, was extracted by measuring the double-differential cross sections for the (p,n) reaction at 216 MeV/u on a neutron-rich doubly magic unstable nucleus, ^{132}Sn with the quality comparable to data taken with stable nuclei. The extracted strengths for Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions from ^{132}Sn leading to ^{132}Sb exhibit the GT giant resonance (GTR) at the excitation energy of 16.3±0.4(stat)±0.4(syst) MeV with the width of Γ=4.7±0.8 MeV. The integrated GT strength up to E_{x}=25 MeV is S_{GT}^{-}=53±5(stat)_{-10}^{+11}(syst), corresponding to 56% of Ikeda's sum rule of 3(N-Z)=96. The present result accurately constrains the Landau-Migdal parameter as g^{'}=0.68±0.07, thanks to the high sensitivity of the GTR energy to g^{'}. In combination with previous studies on the GTR for ^{90}Zr and ^{208}Pb, the result of this work shows the constancy of this parameter in the nuclear chart region with (N-Z)/A=0.11 to 0.24 and A=90 to 208.

International audience; Differential cross sections of p–6He elastic scattering were measured in inverse kinematics at an incident energy of 200 A MeV, covering the high momentum transfer region of 1.7–2.7 fm−1. The sensitivity of the elastic scattering at low and high momentum transfers to the density distribution was investigated quantitatively using relativistic impulse approximation calculations. In the high momentum transfer region, where the present data were taken, the differential cross section has an order of magnitude higher sensitivity to the inner part of the 6He density relative to the peripheral part (15:1). This feature makes the obtained data valuable for the deduction of the inner part of the 6He density. The data were compared to a set of calculations assuming different proton and neutron density profiles of 6He. The data are well reproduced by the calculation assuming almost the same profiles of proton and neutron densities around the center of 6He, and a proton profile reproducing the known point-proton radius of 1.94 fm. This finding is consistent with the assumption that the 6He nucleus consists of a rigid α-like core with a two-neutron halo.

We have measured a complete set of deuteron analyzing powers in deuteron–proton elastic scattering at 190, 250, and 294 MeV/nucleon. The obtained data are compared with the Faddeev calculations based on the modern nucleon–nucleon forces together with the Tucson-Melbourne’99, and UrbanaIX three nucleon forces. The data are also presented with the calculations based on the N4LO NN potentials of the chiral effective field theory.

The upgrade of Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) is undergo since 2010. The updated CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) detector is being developed for the JLab upgrade program up to 12 GeV. One of the important component of CLAS12 will be the central time-of-flight system (CTOF). The CTOF will provide detection and identification of charged particles emitted at central angles from 40° to 130°. The design goal is to achieve a time-of-flight resolution σTOF = 50 ps. This study evaluated the timing properties of the CTOF prototype counter. The performance of the upgraded prototype 3 × 3.2 × 66 cm3 scintillation bar of BC-408, coupled to fine-mesh R5924-70 and R7761-70 Hamamatsu photomultipliers via acrylic light guides, has been measured by using two different methods: cosmic rays at Kyungpook National University (KNU), and proton beams at the MC-50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS). The gain and the timing resolution of fine-mesh PMs were compared with a conventional Hamamatsu R2083 PM. In the cosmic-ray test, the TOF resolutions were measured to be σFM-PM = 79 ± 0.75stat ± 4syst ps and σR2083 = 73 ± 1.3stat ± 4syst ps for fine-mesh and ordinary photomultipliers, respectively. With proton beams, these values were σFM-PM = 39.1 ± 0.55 ps and σR2083 = 35.0 ± 0.54 ps at count rate 0.15 MHz. These remained constant at higher count rates up to 1.5 MHz. The average ratio of the fine-mesh to the ordinary PM resolutions was 1.123 ± 0.02.

CTOF@CLAS12 plastic scintillator counter was tested with proton beam at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS). The counter have been designed and constructed as a plastic scintillation bar coupled with the 1.5 and the 2 inches of diameter ne mesh photomultiplier tubes (FM-PMTs). The dependence of the TOF resolution on the light output has dened. Obtained results of the 1.5 00 , 2 00 FM-PMTs’ timing and gain performances in magnetic eld conrm their suitability for precise particle identication in the CLAS12 future detector.

Roles of spin-dependent interactions in unstable nuclei have been investigated via the direct reaction of radioactive ions with a solid spin-polarized proton target. The target has a unique advantage of a high polarization of 20–30% under low magnetic field of 0.1 T and at a high temperature of 100 K, which allow us to detect recoil protons with good angular resolution. Present status of on-going experimental studies at intermediate energies, such as proton elastic scattering and ([Formula: see text]) knockout reaction, and new physics opportunities expected with low-energy RI beams are overviewed.

The study of quasifree Compton scattering on the neutron in the energy range of E{sub {gamma}}=0.75-1.5 GeV is presented. The data reveal a narrow peak at W{approx}1.685 GeV. This result, being considered in conjunction with the recent evidence for a narrow structure at W{approx}1.68 GeV in {eta} photoproduction on the neutron, suggests the existence of a nucleon resonance with unusual properties: a mass M{approx}1.685 GeV, a narrow width {Gamma}{

Alpha resonant scattering is a simple and promising method to study α-cluster structure in nuclei. It has several good features which enable us to perform measurements with short-lived and relatively low-intense RI beams. Several measurements on alpha resonant scattering have been carried out at CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator), which is a low-energy RI beam separator at Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of the University of Tokyo. Recent α resonant scattering studies at CRIB, using 7Li, 7Be and 10Be beams with a helium gas target, are discussed.

The novel CLAS12 Detector is being currently developed for the CEBAF upgrade to 12 GeV. One its component will be the Central Time-of-Flight system (CTOF). The CTOF will provide the detection and the identification of charged particles emitted at the central angles from 40° to 130°. The design goal is to achieve the time-of-flight resolution σTOF = 50 ps. This study examined the CTOF prototype counter. The counter was made of Bicron-408 scintillation bar viewed by magnetic-resistant fine-mesh HP R7761-70 and R5924-70 photomultiplier tubes through 600 mm and 700 mm long light guides respectively. The measurement was done using 35 MeV protons of MC50 Cyclotron at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. The light transfer efficiencies of the light guides were determined to be 54% and 48%. The proton light output was extrapolated to that of minimum-ionizing particles (MIPs) using the calibration with cosmic-ray muons. The dependence of the time-of-flight resolution on the energy deposited by minimum ionizing particles was derived as σTOF(L) = (120.7±1.64ps)/(L(MeV))1/2. The expected CTOF resolution for MIPs was estimated to be σTOF ≤ 50 ps.

Examination of longitudinally and transversely sectioned photoreceptor cells of the guinea pig retina revealed an aggregate of thin filaments forming a single cross-striated fibril coursing through the full length of the non-receptor portion of the cell. The fibril begins as the ciliary rootlet from the region of the basal body of the connecting cilium. From the basal body it passes between the mitochondria of the ellipsoid and along the Golgi zone of the myoid region of the inner segment, narrowing from an irregularly shaped bundle to a ribbon-shaped aggregate. The fibril separates into discrete strands, each curving along the nucleus, reuniting into a single bundle to pass down the cell's axon, and terminating deep within the synaptic terminal. The fibril is flanked by two separate membranous saccules, each continuous along nearly its full length. The fibril's extensive course in the guinea pig and its association with continuous membranes necessitates a reexamination of earlier proposals for the function of cross-striated filamentous structures in photoreceptor cells.

CRUDE pituitary extracts were shown in early work to prevent the hypoglycemic action of insulin, to produce hyperglycemia and glycosuria in dogs and cats when given in excess, to increase glycogen storage and lower the respiratory quotient in rats, and to promote ketogenesis and mobilization of fat to the liver in fasting animals. Later experiments indicated that a significant proportion of these effects on carbohydrate metabolism might be mediated through the action of the adrenocortical hormones. However, adrenalectomy did not eliminate the effects of pituitary extracts on muscle glycogen maintenance in hypophysectomized rats (Russell and Bennett, 1936; Bennett and Perkins, 1945), nor the ability of these extracts to antagonize the action of insulin in rabbits (Himsworth and Scott, 1938), nor the ketogenic activity of such extracts in rats (Shipley, 1940). Similarly, diabetogenic effects were seen in partially depancreatized dogs from which the adrenals had been removed (Houssay et al., 1946).

SummaryA pancreatic preparation (Viokase) has been used to substitute for the external secretion in a series of depancreatized cats. It had no effect on fat absorption but diminished the bulk of the stools, probably by improving the digestion of protein. The improved digestion was accompanied by an increased requirement for insulin.

Summary1. A study has been made of the metabolic patterns of rabbits with muscular dystrophy due to vit. E-deficiency and to chronic overdosage with cortisone. Both conditions are characterized by an increased urinary excretion of creatine, nitrogen, potassium and calcium. These urinary losses are quantitatively greater in cortisone induced dystrophy, although the clinical symptoms of muscular weakness and diminished life span were most marked in vit. E-deficiency. 2. The effect of pituitary growth hormone administration on both types of experimental muscular dystrophy was studied. Combined with cortisone in large doses, it exacerbated the metabolic abnormalities. Smaller doses partially curtailed the increase in nitrogen excretion. Superimposed on vit. E-deficiency, growth hormone was without effect clinically and mildly active with respect to nitrogen storage for a few days. 3. Both cortisone and growth hormone were diabetogenic in the rabbit.

In a previous study (1) evidence was presented that the infra-red absorption spectrum of the antistiffness factor obtained from sugar cane resembled the spectrum of stigmasterol more closely than any other spectrum of a large series of steroid compounds investigated. Purification and characterization of the natural antistiffness factor in the earlier work was accomplished by solvent partition and spectrophotometric analysis. The present paper is a continuation of this work.Counter-current distribution was performed in a 24-plate Craig apparatus (2), a methanol-isooctane two-phase system being utilized(3). Solvent partition was applied to a purified concentrate† from sugar cane, the migration of the material being followed by dry weight determinations and ultra-violet absorption characteristics. On the basis of both the latter analytical technics, the concentrate was divided into 3 fractions, A, B, and C. Infrared analysis of each fraction ascertained the relative purity and aided in characterization of ea...

SummaryA significant decrease was observed in the rate of release of amino nitrogen by the slices of surviving diaphragm and skeletal muscle from Vit. E-deficient hamsters when compared with tissues of normal controls.