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Relevance. The problem of vaccine hesitancy is becoming even more urgent in the light of the coronavirus pandemic, which acted as an impetus for increasing public skepticism about vaccination. In 2019, the WHO declared vaccine hesitancy as one of the global health threats. Aims. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the factors that cause vaccine hesitancy in Russian Federation, followed by recommendations for increasing population adherence to vaccination. Materials & Methods. Statistical, factual analysis of the research objects, as well as a qualitative and quantitative analysis of open sources data carried out. The main sources of information were anti-vaccination messages on social networks and the media, information from anti-vaccination communities on Vkontakte, official websites and social networks of relevant federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation. Results. Communication space. Social networks are the main source of dissemination of false information about vaccination. The most active platforms for the dissemination of anti-vaccination messages on social networks are Odnoklassniki and Vkontakte. Semantic analysis. Anti-vaccination rhetoric on Facebook, Instagram, Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki, Telegram, Twitter, Tik Tok, You Tube, Live Journal, the media, and forums is generally similar. As the object of anti-vaccination rhetoric, the words “vaccines”, “vaccination”, “vaccinations” most often appear in posts. Such rhetoric is more directed towards childhood vaccinations. The target audience of anti-vaccination propaganda is parents. The target audience. The sample of the target audience of the doubting population, compiled on the basis of social network Vkontakte users, amounted to 90,937 people. A significant part of the doubting population is represented by women (85%). As a result, the average age of target audience representative is 35.4 years. Major part of the audience is married – 83.1% of the total sample. Almost a third (24.1%) of the Russian audience of the anti-vaccination movement are residents of the Central Federal District. Influence groups. The activity of key influence groups members is characterized by a high level of cohesion within the anti-vaccination movement, which is manifested in mutual reposts of information, joint actions, live broadcasts and announcing the events of “comrades-in-arms”. Among the main motives for participating in the anti-vaccination movement are commercial interests in promoting services and products that are alternative to vaccination, as well as attracting the attention of the audience. It is important to note that the most active representatives of the anti-vaccination movement, for the most part, do not have a medical education. Measures to increase adherence. The state policy in relation to increasing the population adherence to population, as well as the activities of the pro-vaccination movement representatives, play an important role in strengthening the public's confidence in immunization. As part of increasing adherence to vaccination, a wide range of methods and means of informational impact on citizens is used - separate information portals, social networking, face-to-face educational events, special projects, organization of hotlines on vaccine prevention. Conclusions. Solving the problem of vaccine hesitancy under the influence of the anti-vaccination movement activities, rhetoric in the media and social networks, distrust of the state and the healthcare system, and personal perception of vaccination risks require an integrated approach to organizing measures for increasing adherence at the federal and regional levels. The immunization system development should be carried out by changing the regulatory legal framework in order to effectively implement such activities at all levels of the country's health care system.

Purpose The purpose of this work is to study mercury levels in the hair of different social and demographic groups of the population of the Vologda region in Northwest Russia. This region is selected due to a heterogeneous distribution of rivers and lakes-a resource base for fishing. Methods The mercury content was determined in the hair from the root with a length of about 2 cm. The concentration of total mercury in human hair was determined by the atomic absorption method without preliminary sample preparation using an RA-915M mercury analyzer and a PYRO-915 + pyrolysis unit. Results The average level of mercury in the human hair was 0.445 μg/g (median 0.220 μg/g). The concentration of mercury in the hair of people older than 44 years (0.875 μg/g) was three times higher than in the hair of children under 18 years of age (0.270 μg/g). People who eat fish less than once per month had a hair mercury concentration of 0.172 μg/g, for 1-2 times a month 0.409 μg/g, once a week 0.555 μg/g, and several times a week 0.995 μg/g. The concentration of mercury in the hair of smokers (0.514 μg/g) was higher than in the hair of non-smokers (0.426 μg/g). Conclusion Significantly higher concentrations of mercury were observed in the hair of participants from the western part of the region, where reservoirs are the main commercial sources of fish products. The data showed that the main source of people's mercury intake was fish.

Introduction: Good sleep is an important determinant of health. Poor sleep quality is associated with poor health outcomes. Restrictive measures introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring 2020 have led to unprecedented changes in human lives worldwide warranting research on different aspects of the influence of restrictive measures on human health and behavior. Aim: To study associations between the restrictive measures during COVID-19 pandemic and sleep characteristics in Russia. Moreover, we studied factors associated with changes in sleep patterns. Methods: We conducted a national online survey between 26 April 2020 and 6 June 2020 when the tightest measures were in place. Eligible participants included all Russian adults aged 18 years and over. The questionnaire contained 31 items and included mostly close-ended questions. Sleep quality was assessed before the COVID-19 pandemic and in the last 7 days during the study period. The respondents were asked to determine whether they were getting enough sleep, whether they had trouble falling asleep, and whether they woke up earlier than they wanted. Results: In spring 2020, 2 432 individuals from 62 regions of Russia completed web-based questionnaires. Most of them were from the Republic of Tatarstan (n = 804), Irkutsk (n = 474), Sakhalin (n = 225) and Tver regions (n = 152). For most of the respondents, the sleep characteristics analyzed in the study did not change. Negative changes in comparison with the period before the pandemic were noted a fifth of respondents while positive changes were reported by by 12-30 %. A third of respondents (30.3%) reported that the number of days without getting enough sleep decreased , ranging from 13.8 % in Sakhalin Oblast to 56.9 % in Tver Oblast. Adherence to the self-isolation regimen (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI 1.62-2.86), the presence of children (OR = 0.7, 95 % CI 0.59-0.84) and living in rural areas (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI 1.26-1.98) were the main correlates of sleep problems. Conclusion: Most of responders did not report changes in sleep quality. However, substantial regional differences were identified. identification of characteristics associated with negative sleep changes may contribute to development of targeted measures to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Protecting and promoting health of employees through the implementation of measures to correct risk factors in the workplace is an important mechanism for achieving the strategic goal of increasing healthy life expectancy. Aim: To develop and pilot a package of tools for planning and implementing workplace well-being programs. Methods: In 2019, the federal project "Strengthening Public Health" was launched, within the framework of which model corporate programs were developed and published, including measures aimed at correcting smoking, poor nutrition, insufficient physical activity, psycho-emotional overstrain and excessive alcohol consumption. A set of tools has been developed to facilitate the development and implementation of workplace well-being programs, maximally focused on the needs of a particular enterprise. The set of tools include a questionnaire for the employer and a questionnaire for employees. Results: The set of tools has been tested by mailing to the chief freelance specialists in medical prevention of 28 regions of the Russian Federation, who responsible for the implementation of workplace well-being programs in the regions. Five hundred and eighty-eight completed questionnaires were received (among them 35 from employers, and 553 from employees). The analysis of the piloting results allowed us to make a number of adjustments to the questionnaires and confirm the importance of studying workers' presentiment in planning workplace well-being programs. The improved questionnaires are available online at https://atriya.gnicpm.ru/ . Conclusion: We developed the set of instruments which must be useful for implementation of the workplace well-being programs. Surveys of employers contribute to obtaining a snapshot of the attitudes and priorities of employers in the region to plan targeted measures to stimulate the implementation of workplace well-being programs at the regional level. Questionnaires for employees can be used for an indepth assessment of the priorities on the concrete workplace and development of a targeted program to the needs of a particular enterprise.

For the first time in the Russian Federation, a study was conducted to determine the level of mercury in the hair of young and middle-aged women with or without metabolic syndrome (MS) and the Association of mercury content in hair with cardiometabolic risk factors. The studied cohort consisted of 387 women (204 with metabolic syndrome and 183 without metabolic syndrome as controls). The mercury content in the hair was determined by atomic absorption pyrolysis. The relationship between mercury in hair and cardiometabolic risk factors was evaluated using linear regression. Calculation of the odds ratio (OR) of the risk of metabolic syndrome among quartiles of mercury content in the hair was performed by multiple logistic regression. Hg concentrations in hair were higher in women with metabolic syndrome than without metabolic syndrome (Mean – 520; median – 360; versus Mean – 330; median – 260 µg/kg, P

The study aimed to assess the clinical course and risk factors for adverse outcomes, as well as the treatment options for COVID-19 in renal transplant recipient (RTR). Patients and methods: a retrospective study included 279 RTRs (M 60.9%, age 49.9±10.9 years), infected with SARS-CoV-2 from 01.04.2020 to 30.11.2020. After confirmation of COVID-19 by PCR and chest CT, MMF/Aza were canceled. In severe cases, the CNI dose was minimized while that of CS was increased. Observation endpoints: hospital discharge/recovery or death. Results: SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 84.2% of RTRs. In almost 90% of patients, the COVID-19 was confirmed by CT data. Duration after transplantation at the time of infection was 54.0 (14.0;108.0) months, in 17.6% of cases it was 6 months or less. 223/79.9% RTRs were treated in the hospital. The period from the onset of the disease to the hospitalization was 6.8±4.5 days. Severe lung damage (>50%) occurred in 43.1% RTRs;45.3% of patients required respiratory support. Hospital mortality was 13.9%, overall mortality was 11.1%. The most common cause of death (93.5%) was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The risk factors associated with an unfavorable outcome were a high comorbidity index, the severity of the pulmonary lesion, the degree of graft dysfunction at the onset of the disease, decreased SpO2 and the use of mechanical ventilation, as well as anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia, increased levels of creatinine, AST, CRP, LDH, and D-dimer, interleukin-6 and procalcitonin. Scr during the course of the disease increased from 171.6±78.0 μM to 221.5±121.3 μM (p

The research was conducted in 2018 and 1323 women of childbearing age from the city of Cherepovets in the Vologda region took part in it. The Hg content in the hair of women was determined on a RA-915M mercury analyzer. The average concentration of metal in the hair of residents was 0,427 0,015 mg/kg. A positive correlation was found between mercury accumulation and age ( r = 0,288), fish consumption, and blood biochemical parameters - erythrocytes (RBC) ( r = 0,097), hemoglobin (HYB) ( r = 0,172) and hematocrit (HCT) ( r = 0,158) with p 0,05.

We herein present our initial report from «ROKKOR-recipient», a national multicenter observational study. The prevalence, risk factors, clinical manifestations and outcomes of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy were investigated. The study enrolled 251 COVID-19 patients (220 kidney recipients, 7 liver recipients, 1 liver-kidney recipient, and 23 heart recipients). The subjects came from 20 regions in Russia. The symptoms, clinical presentation, imaging and lab test results, therapy and outcomes of COVID-19 were described. It was established that solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of developing adverse events. Predictors of adverse events include associated cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and kidney failure. Symptoms of the disease include dyspnea, rash and catarrhal signs, as well as initial low blood oxygen saturation (SpO2 10 × 109/L), elevated creatinine levels (>130 μmol/L) and a marked decrease in glomerular filtration rate, requiring hemodialysis. Performing organ transplant surgery in COVID-19 does not increase the risk of adverse events but could save the lives of waitlisted terminally ill patients.

An analysis of published data and data of our own on the features of using biomarkers of oxidative stress in bivalve mollusks for ecotoxicological studies of fresh waters is presented. Various protective mechanisms of the antioxidant system in Bivalvia in response to the action of organic contaminants and heavy metals are described. Several examples of the use of bivalve mollusks as a biological model in freshwater monitoring are considered. It is shown that the indices of oxidative stress of bivalve mollusks are informative markers of anthropogenic pollution.

The content of mercury in adult water beetles is studied in beaver ponds located in the Polist-Lovat Swamp System (Novgorod oblast). A total of 201 individuals of nine species of the family Dytiscidae and one species of the family Hydrophilidae (size classes II and III) are studied. It is revealed that the mercury content in beetles of size class II differs significantly between species (χ2 = 32.93, p < 0.01). Maximum concentrations were found in Graphoderus cinereus (0.259 ± 0.091 µg/g dry weight), while minimum concentrations were recorded in Hydrochara caraboides (0.091 ± 0.020 µg/g dry weight). There were no significant differences in the mercury content between the III size class beetles (largest beetles) of the studied species. In beetles of size class II, the concentration of mercury decreases in the body with an increase in the body weight (Kendall rank coefficient τ = –0.31, p < 0.01). The mercury content in the body parts of beetles of the genus Dytiscus increases in order: the elytra and wings-legs-head and thorax-abdomen.

Dependencies of the complex permittivity of chromium-doped ferroelectric triglycine sulfate crystals (TGS + Cr) have been measured using dielectric spectroscopy method in a frequency range of 1–107 Hz and a temperature range of 23–60°C upon heating and cooling. The dielectric spectra are analyzed by considering the temperature‒frequency dependences of the real (e') and imaginary (e") parts of permittivity in the immediate vicinity of the phase transition using the dynamic conductance model and taking into account resonance processes. Good agreement between calculated and experimental data is obtained for the dielectric response of TGS + Cr crystal near the Curie temperature.

Objective: to analyze cosmetic results following reconstruction of nasal alar defects using cheek skin flaps. Material and methods. The results of 29 operations were analyzed. The reconstruction was performed with nasolabial flaps and jigsaw puzzle flaps. The cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by the five-point scale by means of patient-report and specialist-report questionnaire. Results. Acceptable overall outcomes were achieved in 22 cases according to the experts’ assessment and in 24 cases according to the patients’ assessment. The highest scores were noted for alar color and position, and the lowest scores - for alar size, shape, and nostril size. The complication rate was 11.1 %. Delayed surgical corrections were undertaken in 10 patients. Conclusion. The reconstruction of full thickness nasal alar defects using cheek skin flaps made it possible to achieve acceptable outcomes with minimal donor site damage in the majority of the patients.

Radiation therapy with heavy particles including neutrons, an otherwise therapeutically perspective because of its high tissue penetration and efficient tumor damage, is currently limited by the lack of adequate equipment. An NG-24 generator (140 kg, 42 110 cm, ~1011 particles/s, 14 MeV) has been designed and engineered to replace the huge and environmentally harmful neutron reactors, cyclotrons, and accelerators with a compact, portable, safe, and potent source of high-energy neutrons. We demonstrate that the neutron beam produced by NG-24 causes a significant antiproliferative effect on human tumor cell lines regardless of the status of the anti-apoptotic p53 protein. Phosphorylation of histone 2A and increased amounts of p21, cyclin D, and phospho-p53 were detectable in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells (wild-type p53) irradiated with 4 Gy several days post-treatment, accompanied by G2/M phase arrest. These treatments dramatically reduced the ability of single cells to form colonies. In the HCT116p53KO subline (p53 -/-), the G2/M arrest was independent of the aforementioned mechanisms. Hence, the NG-24 generator is a source of a powerful, therapeutically relevant neutron flux that triggers a p53-independent antiproliferative response in tumor cells.

The temperature evolution of the dielectric spectra of TGS–TGS + Cr crystals (TGS stands for triglycine sulfate) with a periodic distribution of chromium impurity (Cr3+) has been studied in comparison with nominally pure TGS crystals in the frequency range from 10 to 107 Hz upon heating and cooling. It is shown that impurity crystals are characterized by the absence of dielectric dispersion in both measurement modes. An approach is proposed to explain the peculiarities of the dielectric dispersion of crystals with a periodic distribution of chromium impurity from the standpoint of mobile activity of certain elements of the TGS crystal structure.

The article presents data on the mercury content in the muscles of perch Perca fluviatilis (L.) in four large reservoirs of the Vologda region (Kubenskoe and Vozhe lakes, river and lake (Lake Beloe) parts of the Sheksna reservoir) collected during the period 2007–2018. The metal concentration varied widely: from 0,01 mg/kg for perch from Lake Vozhe to 1,51 mg/kg for perch from Lake Kubenskoe. The highest percentage of fish with mercury content exceeding the established SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 norms (29,4%) was recorded in perch from Lake Kubenskoe, while the smallest – in fish from Lake Vozhe (5,4%). In fish from the Sheksna reservoir the content of the toxicant in muscles did not go beyond the accepted SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 norms. For all perch samples, a statistically significant positive correlation between mercury content and linear-weight characteristics, as well as fish age, was established.

Being a global pollutant, mercury can originate from both natural as well as anthropogenic sources. Coastal marine atmospheric fog is considered a potential source of ocean-derived monomethylmercury (MMHg) to coastal terrestrial ecosystems. However, the ratio between mercury appearing through natural processes and that from the results of human activity is unclear. We assumed that the total mercury content in the fur of tigers would differ depending on the distance from the sea. Here we show that the average mercury content in tigers from the coast (0.435 ± 0.062 mg kg−1) is significantly different from tigers from the inland area (0.239 ± 0.075 mg kg−1), (p = 0.02). We found that the content of mercury in the fur of tigers is largely dependent of natural processes rather than human activity. We assume that the levels of mercury in coastal ecosystems in the south of the Russian Far East reflect the position of the region relative to the deep faults of the East Pacific Platform. Obtained data indicate that environmental risks associated with mercury pollution currently exist, but do not pose a serious threat to Siberian tigers.

Currently, there is an active implementation of digital solutions in agriculture, which will reduce the costs of the enterprise and optimize logistics processes. Blockchain is a promising digital technology that is finding more and more applications in various fields of human activity. Its advantage is the control and security of information, with the help of which it is possible to increase transparency, traceability, and ensure the identification of goods in the agricultural market.

The article presents the results of production experience on evaluating the effectiveness of chemical and biological protective measures against tomato bacterial wilt in protected soil. During the research, the influence of biological agents and pesticides on the diseased plants growth rate in greenhouses, the disease manifestation intensity, and crop yield was revealed.

One approach to assessing the competitiveness of invasive species is a comparative analysis of the morphological, physiological, and reproductive traits of this species with native species of the same genus. The invasive species Bidens frondosa L. from the Asteraceae family, included in the list of the 50 most common and most aggressive invasive species in Europe, occupies the same ecological niche as the native species B. tripartita L., and displaces it from natural habitats. There is an obvious and growing interest in the sustainability of B. tripartita and B. frondosa in extreme conditions of existence, one of which is the action of heavy metals. Our research was performed in laboratory conditions with seedlings that developed from seeds collected from populations of the Upper and Middle Volga region. The seeds were germinated in Ni2+ and Cu2+ solutions at various concentrations. At the end of the experiment, morphometric parameters were measured and the index of tolerance was determined. Seedlings from different populations under the influence of nickel ions developed at concentrations of 1–50 mg/l, under the influence of copper ions – at 1–100 mg/l. The nickel and copper ions had the greatest toxic effect on the growth and development of the root system – at 25 mg/l and above, the main root was completely necrotic, while the action of copper ions simultaneously increased the number of adventitious roots. The tolerance index (“root test”) under the action of nickel ions was higher among the seedlings from the population of the Middle Volga region, while under the action of copper ions there were no significant differences among the seedlings from different populations. However, it decreased with the action of both heavy metals at a concentration of 10 mg/l. High concentrations of both metals significantly reduced the length of the hypocotyl, cotyledon, and the true leaf. It was also found that copper ions are more toxic for the root system (main root and adventitious roots), nickel ions – for above-ground organs (hypocotyl, cotyledons, and true leaves). We noted differences between the populations to the action of nickel and copper. From the population of the Upper Volga region, the seedlings of B. frondosa were more stable. For seedlings from the population of the Middle Volga, a smaller toxic effect was confirmed for B. tripartita. It can be assumed that the resistance of B. frondosa to the action of heavy metals as a stress factor in the Upper Volga region is one of the reasons for the suppression of B. tripartita by the invasive species.

Objective. The goal of this work was to study the immunological and virological efficacy of the domestic antiretroviral drug nicavir (at the optimal dose, as proven by previous clinical studies) with lamivudine, in comparison with other drugs of the group of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination with kaletra in perinatal HIV chemoprophylaxis regimens. Methods. 658 pregnant women aged 16-39 years and children born to them were examined. The first group (281 people) and the third group (66 people) received the nicavir (manufactured by AZT PHARMA KB LLC) with lamivudine in combination with calyx; the second (281 people) and the fourth (30 people) of the comparison group, stag and zidovudine, respectively, with lamivudine in combination with calyx. The effectiveness of CP was assessed from the increase in the number of CD4 lymphocytes, reduction of the viral load, and the number of children born without HIV DNA in the blood. Results. Against the backdrop of the therapy, the viral load below the detectable level and the positive dynamics of CD4 lymphocytes were registered in all examined women prior to childbirth. When applying the scheme of niacavir + lamivudine + kaletra, a more rapid decrease in the level of BH, most pronounced by week 4 of therapy, was found, as compared with the rate of decline of the same index in pregnant comparison groups. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to consider ART with the inclusion of nicavir effective and recommend its priority use in perinatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

For the first time a study was conducted of the effects of the change in the concentration of sodium chloride in water on the biomarkers of oxidative stress (enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), and a marker of peroxidation lipids (LPO) – malonic dialdehyde (MDA)) in the gills of the freshwater mollusc Anodonta cygnea. Adult specimens of A. cygnea of both sexes with a shell length of 70–100 mm were selected for the study, a total of 36 individuals. The molluscs were collected in one of the bays on the southwestern coast of the Volga reaches of the Rybinsk Reservoir (reservoir of the cascade of the upper Volga). The molluscs were kept in the laboratory in aquariums with river water and sand collected from the place of the molluscs' collection. During the experiment, a solution of NaCl 3 g/l in river water was introduced into the container with molluscs. Samples of molluscs’ tissues were taken before application of the saline solution, 40 and 120 min after changing the salt concentration to 3 g/l, and 20 and 60 min after changing the NaCl solution to river water. The change in the concentration of NaCl in water (0–3 g/l) did not affect the content of water-soluble protein in the gills of molluscs during short-term exposure. The change in NaCl concentration in water caused the intensification of LPO processes in the gills of A. cygnea. The change in the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system and the increase in the concentration of GSH in A. cygnea gills, indicates their involvement in protecting freshwater molluscs from NaCl-induced oxidative stress. The change in the functioning of the glutathione system may be a compensatory mechanism for changing the NaCl concentration in water. Such biomarkers of oxidative stress as malonic dialdehyde and enzymes of the antioxidant system are sensitive indicators of changes in NaCl concentration in water in freshwater bivalve molluscs, for example A. cygnea.

During fluctuating water levels in the lower reaches of rivers, large areas of shallow water are exposed, forming a zone of temporary flooding (TFZ). The level regime of the water body determines the conditions for the growth of plants, the period available for vegetation of species and the path of seed migration. The seed bank is an integral part of a riparian biocenosis, experiencing the characteristics of environmental factors which influence its structure. Our study of the vegetation cover was carried out by the method of route survey of ecotopes in the estuaries of the Korozhechna and Ild rivers, tributaries of the Rybinsk Reservoir. Species composition of the flora is given in accordance with APG IV. The cenotic structure is characterized in terms of the Brown-Blanke school. To assess the species composition of the seed bank, a transect was placed along the width of the TFZ, on which cores were selected. Flora of the Korozhechny river is represented by 59 species from 24 families and 45 genera. Most numerous families: Poaceae (12%), Cyperaceae (10%), Polygonaceae (10%), Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae and Brassicaceae (by 7%). Flora of the Ild river is represented by 42 species from 18 families and 29 genera. Most numerous families: Cyperaceae (21%), Ranunculaceae (14%), Poaceae (12%), Plantaginaceae (7%). We found two rare species: Carex bohemica – on the Ild river and Ranunculus reptans – on both rivers. The difference in the species composition is explained by the greater riparian area of the TFZ on the Korozhechna river, characterized by a wide low floodplain. Phytocenosis form multicomponent complexes and are represented by associations Scirpetum lacustris, Phalaroidetum arundinaceae, Caricetum gracilis, Phragmitetum communis – on both rivers, Hippuridetum vulgaris и Batrachietum circinati – in terrestrial form on the Korozhechna river, and Eleocharitetum palustris and Oenantho-Rorippetum on the Ild river. In the seed bank composition of the TFZ of the transition zone of the Korozhechna river receiver 25 species were found, Ild river – 30 species. The ecological structure of the flora of both rivers and the seed bank is dominated by species of waterlogged and humid habitats. Their share (hygrophyte and hygromeso-and mesophyte) accounts for about 50%. With prolonged drying, they can normally develop in the TFZ. In the biomorphological structure, the main part of the flora and seed bank species are perennial grasses, characterized by great environmental plasticity, adapted to extreme conditions of habitat, having wide ecological amplitude with respect to the ground and which can withstand considerable fluctuations in the water level. As a result, our work has confirmed that the seed bank is a hidden component of plant communities and reflects the floristic potential of ecologically unstable territories.

Aim. To identify the periods of the development of epidemic process of HIV infection in Perm Krai, characteristics of the structure of key AIDS-related diseases. Methods. Analysis of prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS-related diseases was performed in Perm Krai based on the data of official statistics for 1988-2015. For this purpose data were taken from retrospective study of original medical records (individual outpatient‘s medical cards), form №61 approved by the resolution of Rosstat №1 issued at 09.01.2008 «Information on the groups of HIV-infected patients». Frequency and the strucutre of key opportunistic infections at different periods of the epidemic process were identified. Results. 5 periods of the development of epidemic process of HIV infection were identfied in Perm Krai during 1995-2015: period of sporadic, stable level of incidence (1995-1998), period of sudden increase of incidence determining epidemic issues (1999-2001), period of decreasing and stable incidence (2002-2006), periods of growth (2007-2010) and activation (2011-2015) of the epidemic process due to sexual transmission of infection. In more than one third of the patients (33.29%) combination of opportunistic infections was registered that contributes to their severe course, diagnostic issues and untimely treatment. Parenteral route of transmission is the most prevalent among males (intravenous injection of drugs) and its proportion in the structure of transmission routes is 82.7±8.9%. Among females sexual transmission is prevalent. Conclusion. In the dynamics of the development of epidemic process of HIV infection in Perm Krai (1995-2015) 5 periods were identified; at the modern stage among HIV infected patients AIDS-related diseases prevalently with central nervous system and internal organ damage are diagnosed: candidiasis, cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis and tuberculosis (stage 4b, 4c of HIV infection).

The effect of a magnetic field on the processes of relaxation of the defect structure relaxation in a triglycine sulfate (TGS) ferroelectric (nonmagnetic) crystal has been observed for the first time. The atomic-force microscopy study has shown that the application of a static weak magnetic field (2 T, 20 min) significantly changes the size distribution of defect nanoclusters characteristic of TGS. Previously known macroscopic aftereffects of the magnetic field in TGS (slow relaxation of the dielectric susceptibility, symmetrization of P–E dielectric hysteresis loops, etc.) can be explained by the redistribution of pinning centers of domain walls caused by the magnetically induced reconfiguration of the defect structure.

Case report of reversible high pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patient with successful kidney transplantation (KT) is presented. The distinction of the case was the functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with excessive blood flow during 15 years in the absence of indications for hemodialysis. Consequently, PH was complicated by serious congestive heart failure (CHF) with high cardiac output. Surgical closure of AVF resulted in complete regression of clinical, instrumental and laboratory signs and symptoms of PH and CHF within 2 weeks. The pathogenic role of excessive AVF blood flow in PH and CHF formation is a point of discussion. Surgical closure of AVF with excessive blood flow is recommended in cases of presence of symptomatic PH and CHF in patients after successful KT.

For the first time in the Russian Federation, a study was conducted to determine the level of mercury in the hair of young and middle-aged women with or without metabolic syndrome (MS) and the Association of mercury content in hair with cardiometabolic risk factors. The studied cohort consisted of 387 women (204 with metabolic syndrome and 183 without metabolic syndrome as controls). The mercury content in the hair was determined by atomic absorption pyrolysis. The relationship between mercury in hair and cardiometabolic risk factors was evaluated using linear regression. Calculation of the odds ratio (OR) of the risk of metabolic syndrome among quartiles of mercury content in the hair was performed by multiple logistic regression. Hg concentrations in hair were higher in women with metabolic syndrome than without metabolic syndrome (Mean - 520; median - 360; versus Mean - 330; median - 260 µg/kg, P 0.001). There is an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic syndrome in women, whose hair contain over 544 µg/kg of mercury. The results of this study indicate that the intake of Hg in the human body can be one of the factors that can increase the development of cardiometabolic risk.

This article analyzes the indices of oxidative stress activity in freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) from areas of the Rybinsk Reservoir with different levels of anthropogenic load. The following indices are studied: activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GST), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and content of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl groups of oxidized proteins (CG). During the study period (July), the indices of oxidative stress of zebra mussel D. Polymorpha did not differ between sexes. Mussels that were collected in the most polluted part of the reservoir, the Sheksna stretch near the industrial complex of the city of Cherepovets, had a higher activity of catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase and a higher content of malondialdehyde than zebra mussels taken from the relatively clean Volga stretch.

The supralittoral amphipod Traskorchestia ditmari (Derzhavin, 1923) was identified as the intermediate host for Antechiniella septentrionalis Ivanova, DokuchaevSpiridonov, 2019, a parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus and Skrjabinocerca sp. (both Spirurida: Acuariidae) in Magadan Oblast in north-eastern Russia. Joint infection by both larval spirurids was not observed. The infective stage of A. septentrionalis was the encysted larvae, while larvae of Skrjabinocerca sp. were free in the amphipod's coelom. The identity of A. septentrionalis was confirmed using cox1 mtDNA gene analysis, performed on adult stages from a tundra vole and on larvae from amphipods. Possible transmission routes of A. septentrionalis are discussed.

For the first time, fatigue processes in triglycine sulfate crystals were studied using a combination of electrical and scanning probe microscopy methods. Long-term (>100 h) influence of a sinusoidal field with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 1 kV/cm lead to a sharp decrease of the permittivity in the phase transition region and degradations of P–E hysteresis loops (a decrease of spontaneous polarization, an increase of coercive and bias fields). Changes in dielectric properties were accompanied by an increase of the defect nanoclusters density and broadening their size distribution spectrum on the (010) cleavage surface. A subsequent exposure of “fatigued” crystals in the static magnetic field of 2 T for 20 min led to hysteresis loop symmetrization, which indicates a magnetoinduced transformation in the structure of defects responsible for fatigue effects.

A hydrogen-containing ferroelectric triglycine sulfate (TGS) was comprehensively studied with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dielectric spectroscopy. The domain structure dynamics was in situ investigated with piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) during heating and cooling the TGS crystal near phase transition. Relaxation dependencies of domain boundaries general perimeter and domain dimensions were obtained. TGS dielectric spectra measured at the frequency range from 10 to 1011 Hz were analyzed on basis of significant contribution of conductivity into the dielectric response of ferroelectrics and a good agreement with the experimental data was received. It allows us to obtain more information about temperature dynamics of the domain structure.

A complex investigation of the domain structure and dielectric properties of triglycine sulfate (TGS) crystals containing profile layers doped with D,L-α-alanine (DLATGS) and L-α-alanine (LATGS) impurities is carried out. The images of the DLATGS and LATGS layers and ferroelectric domains are obtained by piezoelectric force microscopy; the parameters of the domain structure and the degree of unipolarity are determined. It is established that DLATGS layers are multidomain and LATGS stripes are mainly single-domain. The experimental data on the macroscopic dielectric properties of the crystals are compared with the results of a microscopic analysis of the domain structure.

To analyze ophthalmic pathologies in HIV-infected patients of the ophthalmic hospitals of Perm city.Medical records of 75 HIV patients registered in Perm Regional Centre for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases who had received treatment in ophthalmic in-patient clinics of Perm in 2005-2015 years were analyzed retrospectively. Patient examination included traditional ophthalmological methods, as well as immunological (determination of CD4 cells and viral load), serological (detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, toxoplasma), general clinical methods, and consultations by allied specialists.Ophthalmopathology requiring in-patient care was detected in 75 people (84 eyes). Men comprised 76%, women - 24%; average age was 32.82±8.68 years. The stage of HIV infection was known in 78.66% of patients: stage II - in 5% of cases, stage III - in 32%, stage IV - in 63%. Co-infection (hepatitis B and C, syphilis, tuberculosis) was detected in 81% of patients. HIV-related diseases (cytomegalovirus and herpes infection, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis) were observed in 48% of individuals. The time of emergence of ocular pathology from the time of HIV detection ranged from 1 day to 14 years. Inflammatory ocular diseases occurred in 55% of cases, dystrophic disorders - in 18%, eye traumas - in 24%, and strabismus - in 3% of patients. Reduced level of CD4 (less than 500 cells/mmAmong the studied individuals, eye lesion was mostly severe, inflammatory in nature; it occurred more frequently in stage IV HIV patients with reduced number of CD4 lymphocytes who was not receiving antiretroviral therapy.Цель - анализ глазной патологии у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов офтальмологических стационаров Перми. Материал и методы. Ретроспективно проанализированы данные медицинской документации 75 ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, находившихся на стационарном лечении в офтальмологических отделениях Перми и состоящих на учете в Пермском краевом центре по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом за 2005-2015 гг. Обследование пациентов включало: традиционные офтальмологические методы, иммунологические (определение CD4-клеток и вирусной нагрузки), серологические (выявление антител к вирусу простого герпеса, цитомегаловирусу, хламидиям, токсоплазме), общеклинические методы, консультации смежных специалистов. Результаты. Среди 75 пациентов с глазной патологией, выявленной на 84 глазах и требующей лечения в стационаре, мужчин было 76%, женщин - 24%; средний возраст составлял 32,82±8,68 года. Стадия ВИЧ-инфекции известна у 78,66% пациентов: II - в 5% случаев, III - в 32%, IV - в 63%. Коинфекция (гепатит В и С, сифилис, туберкулез) имела место у 81% пациентов. ВИЧ-ассоциированные заболевания (цитомегаловирусная и герпесная инфекции, кандидоз, токсоплазмоз) установлены у 48% лиц. Время появления глазной патологии от момента выявления ВИЧ-инфицирования колебалось от 1 дня до 14 лет. Воспалительные заболевания органа зрения встречались в 55% наблюдений, дистрофические - в 18%, травмы - в 24%, косоглазие - в 3%. Преобладали пациенты (72,13%) со сниженным уровнем CD4-клеток (менее 500 кл/мм

The International Society of Hypertension and the World Hypertension League initiated a blood pressure screening study called May Measurement Month 2019 (MMM19) to improve the detection of elevated blood pressure (BP) and to assess BP control in patients with hypertension (HTN).Aim. To assess adherence to treatment of the hypertensive population according to MMM19 campaign in Russia.Material and methods. During May 2019, 5394 people from 21 regions of Russia took part in the screening. Participation was voluntary and did not imply gender restrictions; all subjects were over 18 years of age. During the screening, BP was measured three times using electronic and mechanical sphygmomanometers, as well as a questionnaire on the diabetes, history of cardiovascular events, smoking, and alcohol consumption was filled. Information was also collected on the date of last BP check and the administration of statins, acetylsalicylic acid and antihypertensive drugs. Data on height and body weight was obtained from respondents.Results. The analysis included data from 5274 participants aged 18 to 96 years (men — 1834 (34,8%)). Median age was 25 years, quartiles — 20 and 49 years. According to MMM19 data, the proportion of HTN patients in the Russian population was 31,9%, and with the exception of participants under 25 years old — 51,5%. Patients with HTN over 25 years old take antihypertensive therapy in 73,6%; 38,6% are characterized by irregular drug intake. Only 11,8% of men and 17,2% of women reach the target blood pressure Conclusion. According to MMM19 in Russia, only a third of high-risk patients measured BP over the past 12 months. There is also low adherence to antihypertensive therapy and inadequate control of HTN. Patients with HTN and a history of cardiovascular events are more likely to take antihypertensives regularly.

The effect of a constant magnetic field on the dielectric properties of triglycine sulfate crystals has been investigated. It has been shown that, after the magnetic treatment of the crystal (2 T, 20 min), the hysteresis loop becomes narrower; i.e., the coercive field decreases, and the dielectric permittivity changes in the region of the phase transition. It has been found that the observed effect is anisotropic with respect to the orientation of the crystal in a magnetic field and occurs when the vector of magnetic induction is perpendicular to the polar axis of the crystal. The relative orientation of the magnetic field and the domain structure determines its sign. The doping of the crystal with chromium makes the effect more pronounced and leads to a change in the kinetics of the magnetically stimulated increase in the dielectric permittivity.

The complex study of TGS – TGS+Cr crystals with a profile distribution of chromium ions Cr3+ on macro (measurement of dielectric properties) and micro level (domain structure by AFM data) was carried out. These crystals differ from conventional crystals (with uniform impurity distribution throughout the volume) by a higher value of bias fields and a high value of spontaneous polarization. Crystals are more unipolar and are characterized by a high stability of properties. The domain configuration on the boundary of growth layers with different impurity composition is studied by Piezoresponce Force Microscopy (PFM). It is established that periodical impurity layers are not formed throughout all crystal volume, but occur only in individual growth pyramids, at the parts where the polarization vector has a nonzero component on the direction of normal to the growth faces. The processing of PFM-images indicated that the static unipolarity of layers with chromium incorporation and without impurity is roughly iden...

A complex investigation of TGS–TGS + Cr crystals with a profile impurity distribution of chromium ions Cr3+ has been carried out at the macrolevel (measurement of dielectric properties by the method of nematic liquid crystals) and microlevel (domain structure according to atomic force microscopy data). It is established that periodic doped layers are formed only in individual growth pyramids in the regions where the polarization vector has a nonzero component along the normal to the growth faces rather than throughout the entire crystal volume. The domain configuration at the boundary of growth layers with different impurity compositions has been studied by piezoelectric force microscopy. The static unipolarity of layers with and without chromium impurity is approximately identical, whereas the domain-wall density in doped regions is higher than that in undoped ones by a factor of about 7.

The dielectric spectra of ferroelectric triglycine sulfate crystals were measured in the frequency range from 10 to 1011 Hz and analyzed based on the concept of a significant contribution of the conductive component to the dielectric response of ferroelectrics. Images of lenticular ferroelectric domains in sulfate triglycine crystals were obtained using scanning spreading resistance atomic force microscopy, and background currents (10−14 A) and currents at domain walls (10−12 A) were measured. It was shown that the inclusion of the contribution from the electrical conductivity to the dielectric spectra is in good agreement with the experimental data and provides additional information on the temperature dynamics of the domain structure.

Comparative assessment of the efficiency of application of different therapeutic schemes for post-contact prevention (PCP) of HIV infection in health providers.Medical personnel that had professional contacts with HIV-infected patients (n=44) were given medications for PCP. 19 of them (group 1) used phosphazide, 25 (group 2) combivir (lamivudine + zidovudine) in combination with kaletra for 4 weeks after the contact. Phosphazide (AZT Farma K.B., Russia) was used at a dose of 0.4 g twice daily, other medications in standard doses. The results were evaluated 4 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months after PCP from the safety of the treatment and the absence of professional HIV infection.The medical personnel showed no signs of HIV infection throughout the entire period of observation. The safety of therapy was confirmed by the absence of myelohepatotoxic effect of the preparations. Combivir therapy caused a 1.8-fold rise in AST activity of within 4 weeks after onset of PCP (p0,05). Phosphazide produced no such effect.The above results indicate that both schemes ofantiretroviral activity are 100% efficient as PCP of HIV infection, but phosphazide has an advantage of higher safety and better tolerability.