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International audience; The paper seeks to examine the association that exists among a number of energy-related variables such as energy use, renewable energy use, carbon pollutants and the economic growth of European Union countries. The examination of variables focus on twenty-one years of data from 2000 to 2020 using a multidimensional data framework. The findings come from empirical analysis carried out using panel VECM model and associated tests such as, panel unit root test, cointegration and the causality one. The different variables indicated above have positive effects on the growth of economies in various EU member states. Results obtained from the use of the heterogeneous causality test indicated that there is an indirect causality between energy use and the rate at which economies develop. Based on the findings obtained from the study, there is a need for EU member states to establish policies that should help to enhance efficiency in energy use to promote economic development.

Research has examined the impact of the “entrepreneurial university” on regional socioeconomic development by focusing on the entrepreneurial intentions and performance of alumni, staff, and students. The study of impact, to date, has focused on direct and short-term mechanisms, such as alumni's entrepreneurial activities, faculty spin-outs, and active public engagement with policy agendas. Our point of departure is in conceptualizing and empirically testing a longer-term and more systemic mechanism. We theorize and empirically test how the entrepreneurial university imprints on its graduates, some of whom take on leadership positions in innovation policymaking years later. We test this relationship by employing a text-as-data approach to examine the extent to which innovation policy leaders speak about startup-centric innovation, comparing the media coverage of entrepreneurial university alumni relative to their peers. Our original dataset comprises the 485 individuals who held senior innovation policy positions in East Asia's eleven largest economies from 1998 to 2019, detailing their educational background and media coverage (10,816 documents). We conceptualize the “alumni policymaker” mechanism, which constitutes entrepreneurial university alumni shaping the future of national innovation policy by referring to startup-centric innovation three times more than their peers. Those who completed MBAs at entrepreneurial universities express an even greater preference for startup-centric innovation policy.

本論文では，理論および実証研究の結果を踏まえ，山東省における日系情報通信企業の関連会社と子会社のそれぞれ1社ずつに対してインタビュー調査を行った。関連会社の生産性も子会社のそれも本社に左右されることが明らかになったが，関連会社の経営は厳しいものの労働集約的な業務から知的集約的なものに移行し生産性を高める努力をしている一方，子会社は親会社の経営が順調である限り労働集約的な業務でも生産性を上昇させることができるが，人的資本がかなり成長している中国においては，労働集約的な業務での労働者の採用が難しくなっていることが明らかになった。これまでの研究では親会社の視点で書かれた先行研究が多く，ほとんど明らかにされていなかった関連会社と子会社に分けて調査する必要性を示すことができた。, Based on the results of theoretical and empirical studies, interviews were conducted with one affiliate and one subsidiary of Japanese ICT firms in Shandong Province. Although the productivity of affiliate and that of subsidiary were dependent on the headquarter, the affiliate made efforts to increase productivity by shifting from labor-intensive to more knowledge-intensive work, while the subsidiary was able to increase productivity even in labor-intensive activity as long as the parent company's management was doing well. Yet, in China, where human capital is growing considerably, the subsidiary was facing increasingly difficulty in recruiting workers for labor-intensive work. This indicates the need to investigate affiliated companies and subsidiaries separately, which has rarely been clarified in previous studies, many of which have been written from the parent company's perspective.

У статті досліджується виявлення регіональних особливостей структурних диспропорцій розвитку національної еконо-міки та розробка рекомендацій щодо подолання диспропорційності національної економіки. Більшість регіонів України ще до початку повномасштабних військових дій характеризувалися розбалансованою структурою економіки, високим рівнем зношеності основних фондів, технологічною відсталістю. Наразі держава потребує оперативного відновлення та санації регіональної економіки. Спостерігається висока матеріаломісткість та сировинна орієнтованість виробництва, а також низький рівень інноваційного розвитку промисловості країни. Запропоновано можливі умови зниження диспропорційності та реалізації перспектив соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів України, проведено типізацію економіки України в регі-ональному розрізі. Необхідним є врахування міжрегіональної диференціації як основи запровадження стратегії реалізації державної регіональної політики. The purpose of the study is to identify regional features of structural disparities in the development of the national economy and to develop recommendations for overcoming the disproportionality of the national economy. Even before the start of full-scale military operations, most regions of Ukraine were characterized by an unbalanced structure of the economy, a high level of wear and tear of fixed assets, and technological backwardness. At present, the state needs prompt recovery and rehabilitation of the regional economy. There is a high material intensity and raw material orientation of production, as well as a low level of innovative development of the country's industry. Possible conditions for reducing disproportionality and realizing the prospects of socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine are proposed, typification of the economy of Ukraine in a regional section is carried out. It is necessary to take into account the interregional differentiation as a basis for the implementation of the strategy for the implementation of the state regional policy.Deindustrialization in Ukraine took place due to the reduction of the processing industry, primarily mechanical engineering, the increase in the level of "agrarianization" (increase in the production of technical and oilseed crops), and the increase in the service sector (tertiary sector).The quality of economic growth should be ensured not so much by the increase in GRP, but by the growth of capital return, labor productivity and employment of the population.The reduction of regional development disparities should be solved by transforming the forms, methods and organization of the management system in the regions. It is expedient to implement the directions of socio-economic integration of regions on the basis of programs that include the creation of effective mechanisms for the implementation of state regional policy; improvement of the mechanism of redistribution of resources within the country; creation of conditions and a positive image of regions to attract external investment resources; elimination of factors that lead to aggravation of social tension in society.

Investment, the entry of foreign firms depends of a large extent on the country’s goodwill, which is reflected in various ratings. This representation of the situation is approximate, as it does not estimate the differences between the values of the indicators with adjacent grades. This can be avoided by dividing countries into homogeneous groups. It is appropriate to do so on the basis of non-linear grouping rather than linear grouping. It is based on the transformation of data into a dimensionless scale and linear grouping. In the case, its homogeneity increases thanks to the levelling of the most distinctive values and the alignment of the statistical characteristics of the groups. The aim of the article is to propose in principle, a new approach to the ranking of countries on the basis of their level of economic development. It was found that the nonlinear decision of countries into homogenous groups and compared to the linear grouping more accurately reflect the current situation. Keywords: economic development, gross domestic product, Harrington curves, non-linear grouping, interval compilation, homogenous group of countries.

Public debt can attract funds to finance public needs and stabilize the country’s economic development. This study aims to analyze the relationship between public debt and economic development considering the war actions in Ukraine. This paper uses bibliometric analysis, comprising in-built Scopus and WoS instruments, VosViewer, and Google Trends tools. The overall results show the close relationship between public debt, economic development, and war (armed conflict) concepts. The publications were examined according to key features: containing the keywords from the green and red clusters; covering the period 2015–2018 and 2022; and discussing public debt in Central and South-Eastern Europe. This improved the theoretical and methodological approach to the bibliometric analysis of public debt. Moreover, the study identified risks (based on selected scientific publications) to which the primary attention should be paid during the war and post-war periods in Ukraine: currency and demographic risks. Key recommendations were provided to ensure debt security during the war and post-war periods. However, the given recommendations should be implemented within the framework of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine, which would improve the credit rating and reliability of the state.

Emigration flows and their relations with economic development can be observed through different aspects, where one of the important questions is the role of the remittances, and transfer of foreign money to home countries. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of remittances on economic development in Central and Eastern European countries. A review of previous research on the role of emigration and the impact of remittances on economic development is presented in the first part of the paper. This is followed by panel data analysis. The analysis covers the period after the enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 till the nowadays. The results confirm the positive and statistically significant influence of personal remittances on the economic development of the new EU member states, as well as the positive and statistically significant influence of final consumption, gross fixed capital formation, external trade balance, and foreign direct investments. The positive influence of remittances on economic development should be observed with caution, regarding that remittances are the results of emigration and also are connected with the unfavourable effects of emigration. This study adds to previous research about the significance of remittances in the economies of the new EU member states., Povezanost emigracija i ekonomskog razvoja može se sagledati prema različitim pristupima, gdje je jedno od bitnih pitanja uloga doznaka iz inozemstva, odnosno utjecaj priljeva sredstava iz inozemstva u zemljama emigracije. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti utjecaj doznaka iz inozemstva na ekonomski razvoj zemalja srednje i istočne Europe. Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja o ulozi emigracija i utjecaju doznaka iz inozemstva na ekonomski razvoj prikazan je u prvom dijelu rada. Slijede rezultati panel analize. Analiza obuhvaća razdoblje nakon proširenja EU 2004. Rezultati potvrđuju pozitivan i statistički značajan utjecaj doznaka iz inozemstva na ekonomski razvoj novih zemalja članica EU. Utvrđen pozitivan utjecaj doznaka iz inozemstva potrebno je promatrati s oprezom, s obzirom na to da su doznake iz inozemstva rezultat emigracija te također mogu biti povezane s negativnim učincima emigracija. Rad doprinosi dosadašnjim istraživanjima o utjecaju doznaka iz inozemstva u novim zemljama članicama EU.

The analysis of disability indicators allows to draw conclusions about both level of medical care and quality of therapeutic measures and about level of social economic development of society as a whole. Furthermore, disability is a complex problem including social, economic, medical and other components.The study is devoted to analysis of official statistical data by set of such methods as exploration and generalization of experience, analytical and statistical techniques, monographic description.The study established decreasing of total number of the disabled in the Russian Federation in 2015-2020 in absolute values with simultaneous increasing of both absolute value and share of disabled children. The analysis of the number of the disabled in the Federal Okrugs of the Russian Federation permitted to conclude about retained general trends specific to the Russian Federation. In the structure of disability among individuals recognized as disabled for the first time, share of individuals with the disability group I increased. In individuals recognized as disabled for the first time, the most common diseases are malignant neoplasms (Chapter II) and diseases of cardiovascular system (Chapter IX). Among main persistent functional disorders in individuals recognized as disabled (both for the first time and repeatedly), first rank positions are occupied by conditions encoded in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, in Chapter III (dysfunction of the blood system and immune system), Chapter XIII (violation of neuromuscular, skeletal and movement-related functions), Chapter IX (violation of functions of cardiovascular system).Анализ значений показателей инвалидности позволяет сделать выводы не только об уровне медицинской помощи и качестве лечебных мероприятий, но и об уровне социально-экономического развития общества в целом. Кроме того, инвалидность является комплексной проблемой, включающей социальный, экономический, медицинский и другие компоненты.Настоящее исследование представляет собой анализ официальных статистических данных с использованием совокупности методов, включающей изучение и обобщение опыта, аналитические и статистические методы, метод монографического описания.В результате проведенного исследования определено снижение общего числа инвалидов в Российской Федерации в период 2015-2020 гг. в абсолютных значениях с одновременным увеличением как абсолютного значения, так и доли детей-инвалидов. Анализ численности инвалидов в федеральных округах Российской Федерации позволяет сделать вывод о сохраняющихся общих тенденциях, характерных для Российской Федерации в целом. В структуре инвалидности лиц, впервые признанных инвалидами, увеличилась доля лиц с установленной I группой инвалидности. Среди причин инвалидности у лиц, впервые признанных инвалидами, наиболее часто встречаются заболевания класса II (злокачественные новообразования) и класса IX (заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы). Среди основных вариантов стойких нарушений функций у лиц, признанных инвалидами (как впервые, так и повторно), первые ранговые места занимают состояния, кодируемые в Международной статистической классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем, 10-го пересмотра в классах: III (в частности, нарушение функций системы крови и иммунной системы), XIII (в частности, нарушение нейромышечных, скелетных и связанных с движением функций), а также в классе IX (нарушение функций сердечно-сосудистой системы).

What characterizes regions where right-wing populist parties are relatively successful? A prominent hypothesis proposed in the emerging “geography of discontent” literature claims that places that are “left behind” constitute a breeding ground for the rise of populism. We re-examine this hypothesis by analyzing the rise of populism in Germany. Our results suggest that high vote shares of populist parties are associated with the long-term decline of a region's relative welfare, which goes beyond a lifespan of people inhabiting such “left behind” places. Moreover, we are able to show that a place-based collective memory about past prosperity plays a crucial role in shaping present resentment. Finally, we find the education level of the regional population to be an important channel through which the collective memory about the past translates into populism support today.

The main purpose of the study is to form a methodological approach to the management system of innovative activities at enterprises in the context of their economic development. To achieve this purpose, a methodical approach was formed containing a certain set of methods, the main of which is the methodology of functional modeling and graphic representation – IDEF0. As a result, the main decompositions of our model were presented with the proposed ways to improve the management system of innovative activities at the enterprise, taking into account the main goals of economic development. Our study was presented in the work of several companies in Eastern Europe to identify its effectiveness and convenience. The flexibility of the model makes it possible to effectively apply it in the practical activities of many enterprises. The originality of the research results implies the application of the existing methodology in a new area for it, namely in the management system of innovative activities and innovative development of the enterprise. The study has several limitations, which are primarily related to the fact that, due to the conditions of the pandemic, its practical application took place exclusively at Ukrainian enterprises.

Due to the successful holding of the Winter Olympics, China’s enthusiasm for ice and snow sports has soared, and its enthusiasm for ice and snow tourism has also been further stimulated. At present, most of China’s ice and snow tourism (IST) attractions are concentrated in the three eastern provinces. At the same time, due to the increasingly harsh environment, the natural landscape of IST is also shrinking. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the strategies of IST to optimize the ecological environment and economic growth from the perspective of sustainable development. First of all, this paper makes a certain introduction to the current situation of IST. After that, the current IST resources in China were analyzed, and the three northeastern provinces were taken as the research objects, and the distribution location, traffic conditions, and development trends of IST resources were studied in detail. Then, the autoregressive model is used to fit the tourism resources and tourist growth with the economic growth, and combined with the trend shown by the economic growth model, a strategy for the sustainable development of IST is proposed. The experimental results of this paper prove that the regional system attribute of IST resources and economic growth model is between 3 and 5, and the average is about 3.6, which shows that the growth of tourism resources has a positive correlation with economic growth. Therefore, from the perspective of sustainable development, the economic growth of the IST industry should also focus on the protection and humidity development of natural ice and snow landscapes.

Many developing countries are populated by multiple ethnic groups who use their own language in daily life and in local business, but have to use a common language in national business and in communications with other groups. In these countries, how much weights should be placed on teaching a local ethnic language and teaching a common language is a critical issue. A similar conflict arises in low-income countries in general between teaching skills that are "practical" and directly useful in local jobs, and teaching academic skills that are important in modern sector jobs. This paper develops a model to examine these questions theoretically. It is shown that balanced education of the two languages/skills is critical for skill development of those with limited wealth for education. It is also found that the balanced education brings higher earnings net of educational expenditure, only when a country has favorable conditions (TFP is reasonably high, and education, in particular, common language education [academic education] is reasonably effective) and only for those with adequate wealth. Common-language-only (academic-only) education maximizes net earnings of those with little wealth, and, when the country's conditions are not good, maximizes net earnings of all. This implies that there exists a trade-off between educational and economic outcomes for those with little wealth, and, when the conditions are not good, the trade-off exists for everyone without adequate wealth. Policy implications derived from the results too are discussed.

Ecological and environmental protection is the main problem of China’s economic construction. As one of the high-energy-consuming industries, the traditional textile printing and dyeing industry has led to great concern from all walks of life in the context of the country’s in-depth promotion of energy conservation and consumption reduction. The comprehensive development of a low-carbon economy is the fundamental guarantee for China to solve the problem of climate warming and complete the sustainable development of economic development. The traditional textile printing and dyeing industry should also change its development mode to meet the standards of low-carbon economy. Here, the connotation of low-carbon economy and the significance of promoting the low-carbon economic reform of the textile printing and dyeing industry are described, and the current situation and development trend of the low-carbon economy of China’s textile printing and dyeing industry is deeply analyzed. Taking the basic theory of garment trade and low-carbon economy as the carrier, the application of low-carbon development mode in China’s textile and garment export business process is expounded. According to the fundamental goal of sustainable development of low-carbon economy and related objectives, the adverse impact on the domestic textile and apparel export business process was discussed and eliminated from three aspects: improve the relevant legal system, enhance the development of new energy, and enhance the importance of enterprises in the relevant whole industry chain.

Ecological environmental protection and tourism development are complex systems that are inextricably linked, mutually influencing, and interdependent, forming an organic whole. The natural environment and its various natural factors constitute an ecosystem, which both is a prerequisite for regional tourism development and has a certain impact on the regional ecosystem. The development of tourism must take the protection of the natural environment as the premise, the protection of ecological environment must be throughout the whole process of tourism development, and the principles and methods of system science must be used to solve this problem. Tourism is an important strategic support for the development of China’s national economy. However, with the rapid increase in the number of tourists, tourist attractions are also facing unprecedented pressure. Tourism and its related industries are a complex and open system that consists of economic, social, and ecological environment; policy; technology; and other factors. By analyzing the interrelationship of each element in the tourism sustainable development system, we can provide a scientific basis for sustainable tourism development.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of green energy consumption (GEC), foreign direct investment (FDI), green innovation technology (GIT), and environmental pollution (EP) on economic growth (EG) of selected South Asian countries under the sustainable development goal (SDGs) number seven (7). This study uses panel annual data set from world development indicators (WDI) and OECD statistics for twenty-one (21) years starting from 2000 to 2020. This study applies dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) for data analysis and long-run relationship among variables. The findings of our study states that FDI, green energy consumption, and green innovation technology have positive effect among selected sample countries. However, it is noted that environmental degradation has adverse effect on economic growth.

ÖZTürkiye’de planlamaya dayalı iktisadi kalkınmanın ilk örneğini 1934 yılında uygulamaya konulan Birinci Beş Yıllık Sanayi Planı oluşturmaktadır. İlerleyen yıllarda devam eden planlama girişimleri sonunda 1961 yılında Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı’nın kurulmasıyla birlikte Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planları uygulamaya konulmuştur. Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında iktisadi büyüme, sektörel büyüme, istihdam, yaşam koşulları, adalet vb. birçok konulara yer verilmektedir. Ülkelerin ileriki dönemde izleyecekleri politikalar için yol haritası niteliği taşıması bakımından önemi büyüktür. Türkiye’de uygulanan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında vergi politikalarına da geniş ölçüde yer verilmekte olup genel olarak belirlenen hedefler; vergi hasılatının artırılması, vergi adaletinin sağlanması ve verginin tabana yayılması gibi başlıklarda toplanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1980-2000 yılları arasında uygulanan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında yer alan vergi politikaları hedefleri ve bu hedeflerin gerçekleşme durumları değerlendirilmiştir. İlk olarak her plan kapsamında plan dönemine ilişkin hedefler ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiş ve son olarak öne çıkan vergi politikası hedefleri çerçevesinde bütüncül bir yaklaşımla genel durum ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında yer alan vergi politikalarına ilişkin hedeflere ulaşılamadığı görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İktisadi Kalkınma, Vergi Politikaları, Kalkınma PlanıJEL Sınıflandırması: O23, O29, H30, The first example of economic development based on planning in Turkey is the First Five-Year Industrial Plan, which was implemented in 1934. As a result of the ongoing planning initiatives in the following years, the State Planning Organization was established in 1961 and the Five-Year Development Plans were implement. In the Five-Year Development Plans many topics has been included such as economic growth, sectoral growth, employment, living conditions, justice, etc.. It has been of great importance as it can be a road map for the policies that countries will follow in the future. Tax policies has been also widely included in the Five-Year Development Plans implemented in Turkey. In addition, in these plans the goals has set in general; It has been collected under the headings such as increasing tax revenue, ensuring tax justice and spreading the tax to the base. In this study, the tax policy targets in the Five-Year Development Plans implemented between 1980-2000 and the realization of these targets has been evaluated. The former, within the scope of each plan, the targets for the plan period has been evaluated separately, and the latter, the general situation has been revealed with a holistic approach within the framework of the prominent tax policy targets. As a result, it is seen that the targets regarding tax policies in the Five-Year Development Plans have not been achieved.Key Words: Economic Development, Tax Policies, Development PlanJEL Classification: O23, O29, H30

Environmental technology and the stringency of environmental policies have a certain effect on green growth in the country, and the sustainable development of the environment under the influence of green growth requires the effective application of the environmental technology based on such institutional policies related to the environment. In this paper, the mutual effect of green growth on the ecological environment is fully analyzed to identify an intrinsic link between them. Based on the intrinsic link, policies related to environment protection and environmental technology are conducive to facilitating green growth while at the same time playing a continuous role in the improvement of the environment. Driven by the factors of scientific and technological innovation, it can boost the harmonious development of the economy and the environment. The empirical evidence has demonstrated that the appropriate environmental policy and environmental technology model can be identified with full understanding of the environmental policy and environmental technology. At the same time, the industry drive and technological innovation can also be taken as a strong support for the environmental policy and the environmental technology in accordance with the market demand through research from the perspective of the government, the market, and the general public. The stringency of environmental policies has substantially increased the requirements of environmental technology, and the innovation of environmental technology, the structure of economic organizations, and the level of development have a great effect on the green growth in the country.

While the general environmental quality level continues to decline in today's global economy, aggregate energy consumption levels are often linked to countries' economic growth and environmental performances, thereby overlooking the specific roles of individual energy types. Thus, this study focuses on examining nuclear energy consumption-growth nexus in 27 selected nuclear energy-consuming countries across the globe. The system GMM estimator was applied to available post-2008 global financial crisis data spanning from 2010 to 2020 while accounting for influential factor inputs (labor and capital) within the framework of the traditional growth model. The results posit that both capital and labor significantly induce economic growth levels among the countries, while nuclear energy consumption is not a significant driver of growth levels despite some evidence of its positive roles. Hence, more investments in nuclear energy production are recommended to trigger an overall consumption level that will not only yield significant desirable economic growth impacts among the countries but also enhance possible environmental benefits in contrast to the growing environmentally detrimental fossil energy consumption among the countries.

The excessive emission of carbon dioxide will bring unpredictable ecological crisis, so it is particularly urgent to study the related factors of carbon emissions. Based on the grey correlation model, 31 factors in 5 aspects are selected as the reference frame for low-carbon governance, and the grey correlation degree of urban carbon emissions is calculated by using the IPCC method to calculate the annual carbon emissions of 9 major cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2019. Through the calculation and analysis of panel data, the following conclusions are drawn: The allocation of urban environmental practitioners is an important factor in carbon governance, and the reasonable and scientific allocation of environmental practitioners can have a significant impact on low-carbon development; the relationship between the amount of industrial power consumption and carbon dioxide emissions is not significant. On the contrary, the power consumption of urban residents can well reflect the level of carbon emissions. High residential power consumption means that the living standard of the people in the region is high, and the corresponding resource and energy consumption is large, so the carbon emissions will increase; the size of population density is particularly important for carbon governance, which is more obvious in economically developed areas. Urban economic development will inevitably lead to the improvement of people’s quality of life, a stronger demand for resources, and a significant increase in carbon emissions.

Resumo Esta pesquisa usou dados cross-section, centrados em 2016, para analisar o efeito da distribuição dos gastos públicos e de certas preferências econômicas, demográficas e políticas no desenvolvimento dos municípios de Minas Gerais (i.e.: Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social - IMRS) e suas subdimensões (i.e.: educação, saúde, vulnerabilidade social, segurança, saneamento/habitação/meio ambiente e cultura/esporte/lazer). Para tanto, as variáveis foram selecionadas via Extreme Bounds Analysis - EBA e estimaram-se modelos econométricos-espaciais. Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento é típico de cidades menores, afastadas da capital (mais seguras), com maior proporção de idosos (menos sujeitos à criminalidade), menor fecundidade (traço de locais seguros e menos vulneráveis), boa autonomia tributária (atributo das áreas menos vulneráveis, com mais saneamento e cultura/lazer), menores gastos em educação e administração pública e maiores em habitação. Ademais, os resultados minimizam a importância do Estado (i.e.: prefeituras) e do perfil produtivo local no desenvolvimento e revelam externalidades negativas associadas à capital estadual. Abstract This research used cross-section data, from 2016, to analyze the effect of public spending distribution and some economic, demographic and political preferences on municipalities’ development from Minas Gerais (i.e.: Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social - IMRS) and their sub-dimensions (i.e.: education, health, social vulnerability, security, sanitation/housing/environment and culture/sport/leisure). Thus, the variables were selected by Extreme Bounds Analysis - EBA and econometric-spatial models were estimated. The results indicate that development is typical from smaller cities, far from the capital (safer), with higher elderly people proportion (less subject to crime), lower fertility (trait of safer and less vulnerable places), good tax autonomy (attribute of less vulnerable areas, with more sanitation and culture/leisure), lower spending on education and public administration and higher on housing. Furthermore, the results minimize the state (i.e.: municipal administration) and the local productive profile relevance on development and reveal negative externalities from the state capital.

This article examines the role of institutions in economic development from a new perspective based on the social contract between the government and the individuals in any society. The basic element in this social contract is to improve the living standards of all the members of society, as it is impossible to imagine that a rational society would vote for the deterioration of the well-being of its members. Meanwhile, the laws enacted by the governments disrupt economic activities at times and create rent for some interest groups in society. In this regard, the necessity of forming institutions to observe the element of justice in economic and financial laws is revealed. Therefore, the role of private sector associations in forming collective bodies gains further significance. We also discuss the role of private sector associations in Iran in formulating rules, regulations, and laws.

The Remote Online Initiative (ROI) was a legislative response to growing unemployment and limited job opportunities in rural Utah. The ROI program seeks to reduce unemployment in rural Utah communities via remote job placements. Since 2018, the ROI program has expanded to include three flagship certificate courses – Certified Remote Work Professional (CRWP), Certified Remote Work Leader (CRWL), and Certified Tech Sales Professional (CTSP). To date, evaluation results show that 411 Utah graduates found remote jobs after completing the CRWP course, 55% of participants said their department created a remote work environment and hired, on average, 19 remote employees upon completing the CRWL course, and MarketStar hired two CRWP graduates after they completed the CTSP course.

The What’s Up Down South economic summit is southern Utah’s largest business gathering. The event provides the business community with economic insights to assist them in making informed decisions. USU Extension evaluated the 27th annual What's Up Down South economic summit. Results showed the event was an effective platform for disseminating information and advancing knowledge on economic and business topics. Participants felt the summit provided a valuable experience to the business community. These findings support the continuation of the summit's information dissemination activities in the future.

Background: In collaboration with local partners, we reviewed 18 national policy documents across two sub-Saharan African countries identified as pre-dividend nations by the World Bank in 2017: Nigeria and Tanzania. Our aim was to assess national policies in pre-dividend countries and to determine whether national strategies were primed to capitalize on changing demographic structures, maximally attain the demographic dividend, and augment socio-economic growth. Methods: We conducted policy reviews by focusing on five key sectors of the Gates Institute Demographic Dividend Framework: Family Planning, Maternal and Child Health, Education, Women’s Empowerment, and Labor Market. This framework was developed as a tool for countries to apply targeted policies for accelerating the demographic dividend based on their demographic structure. For each component we used a comprehensive list of indicators, defined via a systematic literature review, through which we assessed national policies aimed at maximizing the demographic dividend. Results: Between the two countries, we observed persistent gaps in policies targeting family planning. Although more comprehensive, policies addressing maternal and child health, education, women’s empowerment, and labor market still lagged in their specificity and measurability. We identified specific policy amendments and alternatives that Nigeria and Tanzania could consider to mitigate these gaps. We also stress the importance of designing measurable policy initiatives across sectors. Conclusions: Based on these recommendations, as Nigeria, Tanzania, and other pre-dividend nations start experiencing rapid demographic changes, they may consider implementing routine policy reviews to strengthen policies across the five key sectors and harness the benefits of a demographic dividend.

With the development of the market economy, agricultural trade has become more and more significant for the development of the agricultural economy, which has triggered people’s further thinking and exploration on the impact of agricultural trade on agricultural carbon emissions. This paper takes the measurement of trade implied carbon as the carbon dioxide emission index under the impact of agricultural trade and analyzes the impact of trade implied carbon and implied carbon balance on carbon emission. Taking the impact of Sino-US agricultural trade as an empirical background, this paper measures the impact of environmental changes in agricultural trade opening on China’s agricultural development and its carbon emissions, so as to predict changes in China’s regional agricultural carbon emissions performance. After calculation, it is found that the scale of China’s exports has decreased by 0.089%, which is lower than the decline of 0.361% in the United States. The trade conflict has a significant impact on China’s import and export structure. Under the scenario of mutual tariffs on agricultural products, China’s exports to the United States are expected to decrease by 6.28%, while China’s imports from the United States decreased by 13.02%. The Sino-US agricultural trade dispute will reduce China’s carbon emissions by 0.013% and the United States’ carbon emissions by 0.024%, which is related to the negative impact on the economy. Improving the performance of agricultural carbon emissions is not only the need for the green and sustainable development of the agricultural economy but also conducive to improving the international competitiveness of agricultural products.

In logistics industry of 12 provinces along China’s new western land-sea corridor from 2010 to 2019, this research employed three-stage SBM model that considers undesirable output to measure logistics industrial efficiency and the panel Tobit model to investigate variables impacting logistics efficiency. The study found that after controlling for environmental variables and statistical noise, the logistics industrial efficiency in China’s new western land-sea corridor has improved, and the logistics sector efficiency of each province has spatial variability. Generally speaking, the south part goes up and the north part goes down; industrial structure, logistics transportation intensity, and economic development have a favorable influence on logistics sector efficiency. The urbanization rate, government support level, level of infrastructure, and degree of openness all have a negative influence on efficiency. Finally, relevant policy considerations such as logistics transport intensity, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and external environment are proposed.

Purpose: Economies of migration have always been an important topic of research. Migration of labour has, undoubtedly, some impact on employment, labour market, rural development, social welfare, labour management, migrant networks etc. A good understanding of the labour force is imperative for framing appropriate labour market policies and inclusive economic growth policies. Analysing the extent, and trend of labour migration policies as they influence upon labour market and economic development of a country. Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive Research was used in this study, which is focused on secondary data sources. Secondary data is gathered through books, newspapers, journals, articles, and government websites. Findings: Migration has always been an important factor in population expansion and economic development, according to a thorough examination of the literature. People have moved across national and international borders in search of better lifestyles. Originality/Value: This paper considers the issues and impacts of labour migration on national development. It presents the trends, patterns and causes and impact of labour migration at the international, national and state levels of Kerala as discussed in the literature. Paper type: Review of Literature.

Urbanization helps people to create comfortable and convenient living conditions and meets the needs of people survival, enjoyment, and development. At the same time, the surge in population has also caused great disturbance and damage to the urban natural environment. Humans continue to utilize and transform nature by increasing the absolute surface area of the natural environment, but at the same time, rapid population growth and scarcity of resources exacerbate the absurd development and utilization of resources, leading to ecological destruction. The development of green plants, animals, and other creatures is hindered, and the imbalance of urban ecology aggravates the contradiction between man and the ecological environment. Based on this, the paper first expounds on the theoretical framework of sustainable economic development, draws the analysis of the elements of sustainable economic development, and then studies the coupling relationship model between economic development and ecological environmental protection as an example of the regional economy. GM (1.1) principle was used to test the practicability of the model and found that the model is very accurate in predicting the coordinated development between economic development and ecological environmental protection. It provides a comprehensive index of the sustainable capacity of the ecological environment in urban areas, analyses the indicators of Leshan City, and draws a conclusion: the main factors affecting the sustainable development of Leshan’s ecological environment are the economic environment and the natural environment; it is necessary to further adjust the industrial structure. In order to maintain sustained and stable economic development, it is very important to strengthen urban environmental protection, develop circular economy, and continuously improve the level of ecologically sustainable development.

The basic idea of the mass of medical growth is to adhere to local market price thinking with a Chinese touch and follow the development policy of “quality first, efficiency first.” It insists on properly handling a series of important relationships betwixt socialism and market economy, the first to drive the rich later, the government and the market, equality and efficiency, short-term growth and long-term development, China and the international economy, ecology and growth of the region. Under the guidance of the qualitative thinking theory, it combines the strategic goals of China’s economic qualitative development and actively draws on the research results of other countries. It uses big data algorithms to focus on the impact of qualitative development on tax and income reduction in the real economy. It conducts research experiments on the impact of tax reduction and fee reduction based on big data algorithms on the top-notch growth of the real economy. Its experimental data show that: in 2018, the share of primary, tertiary, and primary sector in China’s dimensional economy top-notch growth coordination index was 7.2%, 40.7%, and 52.2%, respectively. Its contribution rate to economic growth was 4.2%, 36.1%, and 59.7%, respectively. From these data, it can be concluded that the top-notch growth of the real economy is getting better and better under the influence of tax reduction and fee reduction by big data algorithms.

In recent years, studies have been conducted to quantify the relationship between microeconomic and macroeconomic development. Macroeconomics is the orientation of microeconomic development. Existing research hopes to quantify the relationship between macroeconomics and micro-firms, rather than just focusing on economic indicators. And some empirical studies try to use the relationship between them to discuss its usefulness for micro-firm decision-making. This article focuses on applying and developing aggregate earnings in connecting microenterprise earnings and macroeconomic development. To achieve this goal, this research did a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on macro-accounting on the two most influential databases, namely, Web of Science and Scopus. It used the information visualization software VOSviewer to draw knowledge maps to sort research lines. We also analyzed the research hotspots of macro-accounting in recent years according to the year scale and combined it with the neural network PSO-LSTM model to predict their future development. It turns out that the research on aggregate earnings related to economic growth has become a research hotspot in recent years. Scopus research and development potential is better than Web of Science in this field.

This study examines the association among the green energy production (GEP), green technological innovation (GTI), and green international trade (GIT) on the ecological footprints (EFP). In addition, this research applies fully modified least square (FMOLS) to estimate the empirical outcomes, while dynamic least square (DOLS) is used to check the robustness of the outcomes. Although, the selection of the assessment technique depends on the order of integration of the selected series. Before estimation, some diagnostic tests are also performed to ensure the reliability of the data set. Furthermore, the empirical outcomes of the present analysis are twofold: at begin, this research discovered a negative relationship between GEP and EFP. Secondly, this research reveals that GTI has also an adverse impact on EFP along with GIT, which is unsurprising. Results imply that advancement in green technological innovations tends to improve the EQ by reducing the level of EFP.

Este trabajo analiza y compara el marco regulador aplicable a las plataformas de financiación colectiva existentes en la Unión Europea, España y Latinoamérica, con enfoque en los países de México, Brasil, Argentina, Colombia y Perú. Se concluye la existencia de una gran heterogeneidad en el grado de desarrollo del marco normativo y en el propio contenido de las normas entre la Unión Europea y Latinoamérica, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una armonización de los marcos regulatorios internacionales en aras de favorecer la expansión de este tipo de industria y la seguridad de los inversores internacionales This paper analyzes and compares the regulatory framework applicable to existing crowdfunding platforms in the European Union, Spain and Latin America, with a focus on the countries of Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Peru. The existence of a great heterogeneity in the degree of development of the regulatory framework and in the content of the regulations between the European Union and Latin America is concluded, which highlights the need for a harmonization of international regulatory frameworks in order to favor the expansion of this type of industry and the security of international investors. Este artigo analisa e compara o quadro regulamentar aplicável às plataformas de crowdfunding existentes na União Europeia, Espanha e América Latina, com foco nos países do México, Brasil, Argentina, Colômbia e Peru. Conclui-se a existência de uma grande heterogeneidade no grau de desenvolvimento do quadro regulamentar e no conteúdo dos regulamentos entre a União Europeia e a América Latina, o que evidencia a necessidade de uma harmonização dos quadros regulamentares internacionais para favorecer a expansão deste tipo de indústria e a segurança dos investidores internacionais.

Logistics is an important sector that supports every sector of the economy, and thus, the development of nations is impossible without efficient logistics. Alongside this, the logistics sector generates various kinds of emissions that degrade the quality of the environment. Developed countries are striving to introduce green logistics to avoid environmental damages caused by transportation. Also, developing countries will start focusing on developing green logistics sooner or later. Keeping this in view, a comparative panel study on the group of seven (G7) and Emerging Seven (E7) nations is conducted to study the impacts of various economic and financial variables on green logistics. The data from 1996 to 2018 is analyzed using some reliable methods that produce efficient and consistent results during heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The findings disclosed that cointegration is present in E7 and G7 panels. For E7 countries, the results disclosed that research and development (RD), FDI, portfolio investment, and trade openness reduce green logistics. However, in the G7, RD, FDI, portfolio investment, and trade increase green logistics. The empirical analysis did not show any meaningful impact of financial development and economic growth on green logistics in both groups of nations. Lastly, based on the comparative analysis, various policies are suggested for E7 to catch up with the G7 regarding logistics development. Also, policies for G7 are suggested to boost green logistics.

Green total factor productivity (GTFP) improvement is an important way to achieve sustainable development, and how to improve GTFP has become the focus of attention of governments and scholars. This paper constructs a GTFP evaluation index system to characterize social, economic, ecological, cultural, and politically sustainable development, and analyzes the impact of environmental regulations on GTFP in the context of increasing innovative labor force. The results of the study are as follows: Firstly, China's GTFP continues to improve, with a decrease in low-value provinces and an increase in high-value provinces; there is an agglomeration effect of GTFP in the eastern and western regions. Secondly, under the role of innovative human capital, the threshold effect of China and the eastern and western regions is significantly positive in the first stage and insignificant in the second stage. The threshold effect of the central region is not significant in the first stage, but significantly negative in the second stage (- 11.650); the effect of environmental regulation in the eastern region is the strongest. Thirdly, the control variables in the upper period GTFP, national and eastern RD investment, level of foreign openness, local fiscal expenditure, central and western information construction, western tertiary industry development, urbanization, foreign direct investment, level of foreign openness, and local fiscal expenditure can increase GTFP. In this regard, the government should adhere to innovative talent cultivation and investment in science and technology to build a talent ecological environment for regional sustainable development, adjust environmental regulations in time to meet the demand for sustainable development to realize the GTFP regional linkage enhancement.

This paper discusses the effect of network infrastructure on environmental pollution reduction and the realization mechanism behind it. Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this study regards the "Broadband China" pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment to clarify the pollution emission reduction effect of network infrastructure construction through differences-in-differences method and other methods. The research results show the following: (1) The Broadband China pilot policy has reduced environmental pollution, that is, the construction of network infrastructure has the effect of environmental pollution reduction. The conclusion is still established after a series of robustness tests such as parallel trend test, placebo test, and instrumental variable method. Through the heterogeneity test, it is found that the pollution reduction effect of network infrastructure construction is more obvious in non-resource-based cities, first and second tier cities, and cities in the eastern region (2). The construction of network infrastructure plays a restraining role on local environmental pollution. Due to the insufficient level of regional linkage and the siphon effect of pilot cities, the spatial spillover characteristics of the pollution reduction effect are not obvious (3). The mechanism of action shows that green innovation is an important mediating effect mechanism for network infrastructure construction to reduce environmental pollution. Cities in regions with high degree of marketization and environmental regulation can strengthen the effect of network infrastructure construction on environmental pollution reduction. The research conclusions are conducive to accelerating the development of the digital economy represented by the construction of network infrastructure and provide a useful reference for promoting the level of environmental pollution reduction and achieving high-quality development.

The rapid growth of population and economy leads to a further increase in demand for water resources. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has become the main bottleneck restricting sustainable development of a regional social economy. Accurate measurement of regional water usage and the harmonious balance between water consumption (WC) and economic growth (EG) are the premise of regional high-quality development. Based on this premise, this paper studied the arid oasis region, Hexi Corridor, as the research object; utilized the theory of ecological footprint to calculate the ecological footprint (EFW) and ecological carrying capacity (ECCW) of water resources from 2005 to 2019; and quantitatively analyzed the water utilization situation in Hexi Corridor in the past 15 years. Then, combining with the coordinated development decoupling evaluation model, the connection between WC and EG was evaluated. The main results of this study were as follows: (1) During the study period, EFW has shown a fluctuating downward trend, decreasing from 1.745 in 2015 to 1.588 hm

As the digital revolution accelerates and expands in the business world, governments must transform the workforce experience to drive the economy and align it with the changes of the future. In this paper, an innovative and advanced methodological approach for assessing the composite relational dynamics supporting innovative and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems is investigated. This research uses the hierarchical decision model (HDM) to construct a generalized ecosystem assessment framework for entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem strategies to increase the adoption of innovation in sustainable entrepreneurship. The research focuses on the policies and strategies generating all kinds of innovations and propose a model with a comprehensive set of measures to help policy and strategy development.

China's GDP grew 9% annually during the end of the twentieth century. This economic growth degrades China's ecology, making it the world's greatest polluter. This position forced China to invest in developing nations and to take advantage of low-cost labor and increased pollution quotas from the World Trade Organization (WTO) to meet sustainable development objectives without environmental harm. The significance of this study is, first, this study examines the influence of Chinese outward foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, trade openness, technological innovation, and energy consumption on carbon emissions in Asian countries (Turkey, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, India, Indonesia, and Cambodia). Secondly, the panel autoregressive distributed lag cointegration (ARDL) technique was used on data from 2000 to 2020 to investigate the pollution halo/haven hypothesis and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for south Asian nations. This analysis demonstrated that Chinese outbound foreign direct investment increases carbon emissions and confirms the pollution halo concept. Except for India and Pakistan, these nations show a U-shaped link between Chinese foreign direct investment and carbon emissions. So, policy implications recommended by the results of this study are foreign direct investment inflows with modern and ecofriendly technological transfer and enhancement in labor, and conservational management practices will benefit emerging countries to attain their sustainable development goals.

Ease of doing business with municipalities and within municipal areas refers to the simplicity, effortlessness, and extent to which private enterprises can establish and conduct their business. It is influenced by multiple factors such as the conduciveness of the statutory and regulatory framework and the effectiveness of municipal structures and processes, in order to reduce bureaucratic red tape for the simplification of administrative processes such as the registration of business property, the issuing of permits, and access to electricity. Municipalities thus play a significant role in attracting and retaining business investment by establishing a conducive climate for business growth and local economic development. The aim of this article was to analyze the findings of a survey that was conducted to pinpoint business investment pull and push factors in selected municipalities in South Africa. By means of semi-structured interviews, a survey was undertaken with seven target groups. The obtained data were then triangulated with a desktop analysis of sampled businesses (i.e., case studies) that had relocated, mainly due to municipal service delivery failures. The survey revealed the underlying factors that lead to ease of doing business weaknesses, uncovered winning strategies to attract business investment, and proposed measures to enhance municipal business retention praxis.