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Examinamos el poema «Meditación» de María Gertrudis Hore (1742-1801) en el contexto de la influencia del poeta británico Edward Young y su Night Thoughts en España. Lejos de hacer una mera imitación de famosos textos escritos por hombres como José Cadalso (Noches lúgubres) y Juan Meléndez Valdés («La noche y la soledad»), o del mismo Young, el texto de María Gertrudis Hore nos ofrece una perspectiva de género que la destaca de sus contemporáneos, lo cual identificamos con la ayuda de las ideas sobre la melancolía del psicoanálisis.

Pollinator richness, abundance and visitation frequency may be affected by the abundance of floral resources and abiotic factors, influencing plant reproductive success. We analysed whether the diversity, abundance and frequency of butterfly visitation on Lantana camara vary across the year in a tropical urban landscape and whether this variation in butterfly community influences plant’s reproductive success. A two-period survey, referred to here as rainier and drier seasons, was carried out in 12 spatially independent plants. Five pollination treatments were applied: single visit, hand cross-pollination, hand self-pollination, spontaneous self-pollination and open pollination (control). A total of 15,749 flowers were used for fruit production analysis. Butterfly richness, abundance and the reproductive success of L. camara increased in the drier season. Open pollination was ninefold more reproductively successful during the drier season. Fruit production of hand cross-pollinated plants was threefold higher than open-pollinated plants during the rainier season. No significant difference was found between these treatments in the drier season, attesting the highest abundance of pollination during this period. We provide evidence that changes in the pollinator community affect fruit production. The increase in pollinator diversity allows different visitors to pollinate the plant, increasing fruit set through functional complementarity. This effort establishes baseline data of plant–pollinator interactions for further long-term investigations across different weather seasons. The understanding of L. camara and butterflies’ synergism will support conservation measures of pollinator populations.

Two new species of Cunaxidae, namely Scutascirus scutusmedialis Wurlitzer & Ferla n. sp. and Coleoscirus sixsetaegenitalis Wurlitzer & Rocha n. sp. are illustrated and described based on females collected from soil in the village of Alter do Chão, located on the right bank (downstream) of the Tapajós River, 35 km southwest of the City of Santarém, Amazonian region, Pará state, Brazil.

Understanding the direct and indirect effects of niche and neutral processes in structuring species diversity is particularly challenging because environmental factors are often geographically structured. Here, we used Structural Equation Modeling to quantify direct and indirect effects of geographic distance, the Amazon River's opposite margins, and environmental differences in temperature, precipitation, and vegetation density (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-NDVI) on ant beta diversity (Jaccard's dissimilarity) across Amazon basin. We used a comprehensive survey of ground-dwelling ant species from 126 plots distributed across eight sampling sites along a broad environmental gradient. We found that geographic distance and NDVI differences were the major direct predictors of ant composition dissimilarity. The major indirect effect was that of temperature through NDVI, whereas precipitation neither had direct or indirect detectable effects on beta diversity. Thus, ant compositional dissimilarity seems to be mainly driven by a combination of isolation by distance (through dispersal limitation) and selection imposed by vegetation density, and indirectly, by temperature. Our results suggest that neutral and niche processes have been similarly crucial in driving the current beta diversity patterns of Amazonian ground-dwelling ants.

Three processes can explain contemporary community assembly: natural selection, ecological drift and dispersal. However, quantifying their effects has been complicated by confusion between different processes and neglect of expected interactions among them. One possible solution is to simultaneously model the expected effects of each process within species, across communities and across species, thus providing more integrative tests of ecological theory. Here, we used generalized linear mixed models to assess the effects of selection, drift and dispersal on the occurrence probability of 135 soil oribatid mite species across 55 sites over an Amazonian rainforest landscape (64 km2). We tested for interactions between process-related factors and partitioned the explained variation among them. We found that occurrence probability (1) responded to soil P content and litter mass depending on body size and reproductive mode (sexual or parthenogenetic), respectively (selection); (2) increased with community size (drift); and (3) decreased with distance to the nearest source population, and more so in rare species (dispersal limitation). Processes did not interact significantly, and our best model explained 67% of the overall variation in species occurrence probability. However, most of the variation was attributable to dispersal limitation (55%). Our results challenge the seldom-tested theoretical prediction that ecological processes should interact. Rather, they suggest that dispersal limitation overrides the signatures of drift and selection at the landscape level, thus rendering soil microarthropod species ecologically equivalent and possibly contributing to the maintenance of metacommunity diversity.

Major hypotheses on sex evolution predict that resource abundance and heterogeneity should either select for or against sexual reproduction. However, seldom have these predictions been explicitly tested in the field. Here, we investigated this question using soil oribatid mites, a diverse and abundant group of soil arthropods whose local communities can be dominated by either sexual or asexual species. First, we refined theoretical predictions by addressing how the effects of resource abundance, heterogeneity and abiotic conditions could modify each other. Then, we estimated the strength of selection for sexual species in local communities while controlling for phylogeny and neutral processes (ecological drift and dispersal), and tested its relation to resource and abiotic gradients. We show that sexual species tended to be favoured with increasing litter amount, a measure of basal resource abundance. Further, there was some evidence that this response occurred mainly under higher tree species richness, a measure of basal resource heterogeneity. This response to resources is unlikely to reflect niche partitioning between reproductive modes, as sexual and asexual species overlapped in trophic niche according to a comparative analysis using literature data on stable isotope ratios. Rather, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sex facilitates adaptation by breaking unfavourable genetic associations, an advantage that should increase with effective population size when many loci are under selection and, thus, with resource abundance.

Geographic isolation plays a major role in biological diversification. Yet, adaptive divergence also can occur with ongoing gene flow, but the minimal spatial scale required for this is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that local gradients in soil clay and water contents respectively select for anti-adherent and hypoxia-tolerant phenotypes in soil invertebrates, thereby driving intraspecific phenotypic divergence despite unlimited, passive dispersal. We tested this idea using the parthenogenetic oribatid mite Rostrozetes ovulum, an abundant species in tropical forest soils. We obtained 40 individuals from valleys and uplands within 4 km2 of rainforest in central Amazonia, and estimated soil clay and water contents for each site. Then, we experimentally assessed submersion tolerance of each individual, measured its body size, shape and structural traits, and inferred anti-adherence from the extent of debris attached to its body. We found that morphological distance was greater between than within habitats while being independent of geographic distance, which itself was unrelated to habitat. Further, using structural equation modelling, we found that clayish soils harboured mites with fewer, larger dorsal pits that were less likely to have attached debris, consistent with an anti-adherent morphology. To a lower degree, individuals from moister soils tended to survive submersion longer, likely through anaerobiosis. These patterns could reflect phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation or some combination thereof. Altogether, they suggest that environmental gradients may trigger local-scale animal diversification in soils, contributing to the exceptional biodiversity of this substrate.

A battery-less 5.8-GHz transmitter (TX), compact and lightweight enough to enable flight of $\sim 90$ mg honeybees and free roaming of bumblebees within their nest, was developed. The TX was coupled to a compact phased-array antenna receiver to achieve angle of arrival (AOA) estimation and bee localization through a received signal strength indicator approach (RSSI). The receiver was integrated into a commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to support autonomous position updates based on the AOA estimates and a software development kit. A simple model predicting the system detection range was finally developed and is herein discussed. Our experimental results provide proof of concept toward autonomous tracking of tagged bees both in open air and in polytunnel settings.

Ruptitermes arboreus (Emerson) is a litter-feeder soldierless termite that builds arboreal cartonated nests. In this paper, we describe and illustrate arboreal nests of R. arboreus, while also describing a fully clayish nest built upon the trunk of a fallen tree. Additionally, we provided physical and populational parameters for two nests. We also illustrate all castes except alates and record two termitophilous species occurring inside the nests.

Two new species, namely Cunaxa jacobdenheyeri Wurlitzer & Silva sp. nov. and Cunaxa butantorum Wurlitzer & Rocha sp. nov. are illustrated and described. Cunaxa jacobdenheyeri sp. nov. resembles Cunaxa heterostriata Khaustov & Kuznetzov, 1998, C. jatoiensis Bashir & Afzal, 2006, C. polita Kazmierski & Ripka, 2015, in Ripka et al. 2015, C. subita Ripka & Laniecka, in Ripka et al. 2015 and C. minuta Laniecka & Kazmierski, in Ripka et al. 2015. It differs from previous species by possessing the hysterosoma with a shield bearing c2, c1–e1, by the telofemoral apophysis straight, and by chaetotaxy of the genua II with and pseudanal setae ps2 absent. Cunaxa butantorum sp. nov. resembles C. setirostris (Hermann, 1804), in Den Heyer & Sergeyenko, 2009, C. potchensis Den Heyer, 1979 and C. neogazella Smiley, 1992. It differs by previous species by having the propodosomal shield partially covered by broken striae, by chaetotaxy of the genu I, II and by apophysis on palp telofemur long.

To understand better the effects of niche and neutral processes is important to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of each process, mainly if the environmental factors are geographically structured neglecting important indirect and synergic effects. We sampled ground-dwelling ant species on 126 plots distributed across eight sampling sites along a broad environmental gradient in Central Amazonia. Structural equation modelling was employed to quantify direct and indirect effects of geographic distance, the Amazon River’s opposite margins, and environmental differences in temperature, precipitation and vegetation structure (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) on ant beta diversity (Jaccard’s dissimilarity). We found that geographic distance and NDVI differences had major direct effects on ant beta diversity. The major effect of temperature was indirect through NDVI, whereas precipitation had no detectable effect on beta diversity. The Amazon River had a weak influence on the ant composition dissimilarity. Our results challenge the major role often ascribed to riverine barriers in the diversification and distribution of Amazonian biota. Rather, ant compositional dissimilarity seems to be mainly driven by a combination of dispersal limitation and selection imposed by vegetation features and, indirectly, by temperature. We suggest that as NDVI differences decrease with geographic distance in the region, isolation by distance may have favoured phenotypic convergence between ant communities in the northern and southern borders of the Amazon Basin.

Three processes can explain contemporary community assembly: natural selection, ecological drift and dispersal. However, quantifying their effects has been complicated by confusion between different processes and neglect of expected interactions among them. One possible solution is to simultaneously model the expected effects of each process within species, across communities and across species, thus providing more integrative tests of ecological theory. Here, we used generalized linear mixed models to assess the effects of selection, drift and dispersal on the occurrence probability of 135 soil oribatid mite species across 55 sites over an Amazonian rainforest landscape (64 km

As the oncology ecosystem shifts from service-based care to outcomes and value-based care, stakeholders cite concerns regarding the lack of patient experience data that are important to the patient community. To address the patient perspective and highlight the challenges and opportunities within policy and clinical decision-making to improve patient-centered care, NCCN hosted the NCCN Patient Advocacy Summit: Delivering Value for Patients Across the Oncology Ecosystem on December 11, 2019, in Washington, DC. The summit featured multidisciplinary panel discussions, keynote speakers, and patient advocate presentations exploring the implications for patient-centered care within a shifting health policy landscape. This article encapsulates and expounds upon the discussions and presentations from the summit.

1. Populations of the European shads Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Alosa fallax Lacépède, 1800 (Alosa spp.) are protected under legislation because of their vulnerability to human disturbances. In particular, river impoundments block their upstream migration, preventing access to spawning areas. Knowledge on the spatial extent of their spawning is important for informing conservation and river management plans. 2. Determining the spatial extent of Alosa spp. spawning is challenging. They enter rivers over a 2‐3‐month period and the species potentially migrate different distances upstream. Capture and handling can be problematic, spawning events generally occur at night, and kick‐sampling for eggs is limited to shallow water. Assessing their spatial extent of spawning could, however, incorporate non‐invasive sampling tools, such as environmental DNA (eDNA). 3. An eDNA assay for Alosa spp. was successfully developed, based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene segment and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Application in spring 2017 to the River Teme (River Severn catchment, western England) revealed high sensitivity in both laboratory and field trials. Field data indicated Alosa spp. spawning between May and June, with migrants mainly restricted to areas downstream of the final impoundment. 4. eDNA can thus be used as a non‐invasive sampling tool to determine the freshwater distribution of these fishes in Europe, enhancing their conservation at local and regional scales.

Survey costs and a lack of taxonomists are often the main impediments to biodiversity inventories. The use of a higher-taxon approach that is efficient in representing species patterns within a short period of time is one way to overcome these constraints, especially if these responses are consistent at various spatial scales and sampling techniques. Here, we evaluated whether the use of pitfall trapping or Winkler extraction influenced the utility of genus as a surrogate to predict patterns of species richness and composition related to environment. The study sites were spread along 10 degrees of latitude, covering phytophysiognomies with different topographic characteristics. We recorded 450 ant species/morphospecies distributed in 70 genera. Pitfall-traps captured a larger proportion of species (77–98%) and genera (71–100%) per site. Genus was efficient in predicting variations in richness, and assemblage composition detected at the species level, using pitfall-traps or Winkler extractors. The higher-taxon approach saved approximately 40% of the surveys costs. The negative effect of the species-genus ratio was detected only on species composition, but it did not affect the quality of predictions using genera. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that genus can be used as a proxy for broader sets of species independent of sampling technique or environmental heterogeneity. The use of pitfall-traps or Winkler extractors for genus-level identification proved to be cost-efficient and time-efficient and should work well in other regions requiring conservation effort and monitoring programs.

Natural resources are limited. The circular economy is one of several different concepts that has been useful in the quest to understand how resources can be used most efficiently. It proposes that closing loops and repeatedly using resources has the potential to procure maximum eco-efficiency. To track society's progress towards a circular economy, indicators and measures are needed. The majority of these aim to capture the circularity of resource flows, yet fail to simultaneously consider the length of time for which a resource is in use. More recently, a longevity indicator has been proposed, but similarly, it fails to take into account how many times a resource is used. Both longevity and circularity are needed for sustainable resource use, but to date, no measure that combines both approaches is in use. Based on existing measures we develop and further develop indicators for both circularity and longevity that focus on the contribution that organisations and other resource users make to the sustainability of resource use. By combining both indicators we enhance their explanatory power.

Currently honeybees are the sole model insect pollinator for regulatory pesticide risk assessments globally. Here we question whether this surrogacy approach provides adequate protection against potential non-target impacts of pesticide exposure for the wide diversity of insect pollinators on which agricultural production and wild plant ecosystems depend.

1. Understanding the causes of the spatial variation of biodiversity is an important goal in community ecology. This study investigated the response of fruit‐feeding butterfly assemblages to environmental gradients resulting from the transition from ombrophilous forests to white‐sand forests in northern Brazil by assessing taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic descriptors of community structure. 2. Butterflies were sampled with bait traps in the Brazilian Amazon, while their traits and phylogenetic relatedness were either measured directly or gathered from the literature. Then, the effects of plant species turnover, light intensity, and flood risk on butterfly community patterns were tested. 3. Butterfly abundance increased with light intensity in non‐forested white‐sand habitats, whereas ombrophilous forests harboured higher species richness. A trade‐off was observed between richness and abundance across the gradient. Plant turnover strongly drove shifts in butterfly species composition. In white‐sand habitats, butterflies had higher dispersal capacity, faster flights and generalist larvae, whereas in periodically flooded plots the functional diversity of flight‐related traits was higher. No phylogenetic response to environmental gradients was detected. 4. These results exposed the complexity of community structure across a mosaic landscape and how analysing more than one dimension of biodiversity may reveal underlying relationships not apparent under isolated approaches. Caution is required when using phylogeny as a proxy for functional similarity, as the responses were not congruent in this study. The ecological patterns revealed here, aligned with further regional‐scale studies, can provide complementary perspectives on butterfly spatial distribution and ensure that appropriate conservation policies are developed.

Eco-efficiency is often considered an adequate response to the problem of the scarcity of non-renewable resources. Even if a more eco-efficient use of natural resources cannot guarantee lower resource consumption, it can allow a better combination of desirable economic activity with undesirable resource use. However, more eco-efficient use of resources at the micro-level does not always lead to higher eco-efficiency at the macro-level. This is due to resource flows between actors at the micro-level. They use both virgin resources and resources that have been previously used. Virgin resources represent the relevant scarcity at the macro-level, while eco-efficiency at the micro-level typically does not discriminate between virgin and used resources. We develop an eco-efficiency formula that closes this gap. Our formula not only allows the measurement of the eco-efficiency of virgin resource use at the micro-level, but also helps to identify the drivers of the eco-efficiency of virgin resource use. Application of the formula to the case of gold in smartphones points to the very limited potential of technical improvements and shows that behavioural and collaborative endeavours promise dramatically higher improvements in eco-efficiency. This calls for a reconsideration of the focus of efforts to increase eco-efficiency for sustainable development.

This paper examines concerned market innovations i.e. new market configurations which integrate non-economic values and collective concerns. We focus on a specific example of concerned market innovation: the evolution over a ten-year period of a cell phone take-back scheme in a single European country. Adopting a practical constructivist perspective, we note that in the case of concerned market innovation, market configurations are shaped by non-economic values and collective concerns and that, in turn, non-economic values and collective concerns are shaped by market configurations. The analysis of market practices integrating, and at the same time, performing values and concerns, leads us to the conceptualization of a theoretical model which shows that one of the difficulties of realizing concerned market innovations resides in the distinction between market and society.

Surveys on tropical invertebrates must gather as much information as possible over the shortest period, mainly because of financial limitations and hyperdiversity. Fruit-feeding butterflies in the subfamilies Biblidinae, Charaxinae, Nymphalinae and Satyrinae (Nymphalidae) are attracted to decaying material and can be sampled with standardized methodologies, but (1) some groups can be difficult to collect, despite being quite common in Amazonian forest understorey; moreover, (2) the duration of the sampling period is not consistent among studies and (3) the sufficient effort for financially limited projects remains unknown. With this study, we aimed to fulfill points 1–3 in order to recommend a less costly protocol for monitoring purposes in the Amazon. In 25 km2 of rainforest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, we evaluated the performance of sampling schemes for these butterflies (four, three, two and one visit in 250 m-long plots), using both nets and bait traps, while considering reductions in sampling effort and the removal of rare and infrequent taxa to optimize field and laboratory work. Reduced-effort schemes are only validated if they reflect both taxonomic and ecological information provided by the maximum effort. Procrustes superimposition was used to estimate the dissimilarity in the spatial distribution of species between schemes. Spatial turnover in herb, liana, palm tree and diameter-at-breast-height > 10 cm tree species composition was used as predictor for the butterfly community through linear regressions. The three-visit scheme was sufficient to retrieve high species similarity and the ecological patterns observed with maximum effort. The two-visit scheme lost a significant amount of information on species composition similarity, but recovered stronger environmental relationships than those observed with the four-visit scheme. The removal of uncommon species did not affect the ecological response of the community, thereby suggesting that common species are driving the spatial patterns of the studied butterflies. Thus, large reductions in costs by reducing sampling effort could be achieved with relatively little loss of information on the species turnover of butterflies and their relationships with the environment. The proposed sampling protocols with reduced effort will allow projects to use their time and financial supply more effectively, showing that cost-effective shortcuts for biodiversity assessments can be useful for conservation, biomonitoring and land use management.

1. Metabolic rate (B) is a fundamental property of organisms, and scales with body mass (M) as B = αMβ. There has been much debate on whether scaling parameters should be viewed as constants or variables. However, there is increasing evidence that ecological differentiation can affect both α and β. 2. In colonial organisms such as social insects, individual metabolism is integrated at the colony level. Theory and data suggest that whole-colony metabolism partly reflects individual-level metabolic and life-history scalings, but whether these have been affected by ecological diversification is little known. 3. Here, this issue was addressed using termites. Data from the literature were assembled to assess the interspecific scalings of individual metabolic rate with individual mass, and of individual mass with colony mass. Concurrently, it was tested whether such scalings were affected by two key ecological traits: lifestyle and diet. 4. Individual-level metabolic scaling was affected by diet, with β = 1.02 in wood feeders and 0.60 in soil feeders. However, there was no difference in α. Further, individual mass scaled to the 0.25 power with colony mass, but forager species had larger colonies and smaller individuals relative to wood-dwelling, sedentary ones, thus producing a grade shift. 5. Our results show that ecological diversification has affected fundamental metabolic and life-history scalings in termites. Thus, theory on the energetics and evolution of colonial life should account for this variability.

This paper provides a new indicator for environmental assessment performance linked to Circular Economy. Almost all existing techniques evaluate resource use based on their burden relative to value, while the central point of Circular Economy is to create value through material retention. The existing burden-orientated techniques are therefore unsuitable for guiding managers in relation to Circular Economy objectives. This paper presents a new performance metric, the longevity indicator, which measures contribution to material retention based on the amount of time a resource is kept in use. The measure is composed of three generic components: initial lifetime, earned refurbished lifetime and earned recycled lifetime. Management of these components can be used for decision making and performance assessment in the Circular Economy. The example of precious metals in mobile phone handsets is used to illustrate the general application and suitability of this indicator. Findings show that for materials to be retained, managers should encourage longer lifetime use, increase product return levels for initial use and refurbished phones, and select the most effective recycling processes available. This paper advances performance indicators for Circular Economy, and provides a tool which can be applied at managerial and organizational levels to measure the impact of business decisions on the longevity of precious materials.

Orthodontists love to create beautiful smiles. You all work hard to formulate effective treatment plans, and treat your patients with diligence and care, working toward a successful outcome. When things go smoothly, your job is easy and satisfying. Life is good! You can go home and sleep soundly. But, what happens when things do not go as completely planned? Suppose your treatment plan is not achieving the result that you expected; or that the treatment itself is not progressing satisfactorily. It could be that the patient is not cooperating in the manner they need to; or, it could just be that physiology is working against you. When these instances occur, and they do, the lack of progressed is experienced by not only you, but by your patient as well; and it is this lack of progress may be causing the doctor/patient relationship to deteriorate. Now, how do you feel? Are you stressed during the work day? Do you carry that stress home at night? Many doctors have reported difficulty sleeping when they encounter patient and/or treatment problems. While these scenarios have kept some doctors awake at nights, others have reported that they feel like they have chosen the wrong career. Almost every job has some type of problems associated with it. Every interpersonal interaction is subject to misinterpretations and misunderstandings. You spent many years choosing the career path you did, do not doubt your career choice. However, it is possible that you may not be managing the occasional big issues or even the smaller day to day problems well. This is a skill you can learn. How? By learning to communicate with people and manage these problems so that they do not consume you nor take up more space in your mind and heart than is appropriate. The following are a few examples of problems that orthodontists have frequently reported to the claims department and they are accompanied by exemplars of how good communications can play a role in alleviating these adverse occurrences.

Banking scandals, accounting fraud, product recalls, and environmental disasters, their associated reputational effects as well as company response strategies have been well reported in the literature. Reported crises and scandals typically involve one focal company for example BP and the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident. As business practices change and company supply chains become more complex and interlinked, there is a greater risk of collective crises where multiple companies are associated with the same scandal. We argue that companies are likely to behave differently in a group setting compared to when faced with a crisis individually. Using an inductive approach, we examine the case of the Rana Plaza building collapse. We find that organizations with a history of similar crises adopt defensive strategies and communicate much later compared to organizations which adopt accommodative strategies. Contrary to the individual case, in a collective crisis accommodative strategies result in more negative reputational damage and a higher burden of responsibility. We propose that the relationship between crisis response strategy and organization reputation is moderated by the crisis setting. We extend the logic of crisis management and corporate reputation to incorporate the case of a collective crisis.

Disparities in access to cancer care and treatment outcomes among racial, ethnic and underserved populations have been observed for decades. Despite a plethora of national and local initiatives aimed at addressing these disparities, progress to date has been limited. Guided by the domains of the cancer care continuum (CCC) established by the IOM/NASEM [1] the Diverse Cancer Communities Working Group [2] (CWG) will deliver a framework with domains, processes and activities which when disseminated and implemented in the US, will contribute in an impactful way to addressing cancer care disparities. To achieve our goal, we utilized methodology similar to that used to identify best practices in recruiting diverse patients into cancer clinical trials.[3] We conducted an environmental scan to identify strategies and associated experts who successfully provided community and/or patient-centric, IOM defined domain standards in our population of interest. The environmental scan was conducted between March and September 2018, resulting in the identification of 84 unique experts and 44 unique patient organizations. The identified experts had documented processes and best practices along the six CCC domains as follows: Prevention & Risk Reduction (29%); Screening (30%); Diagnosis (11%); Treatment (8%); Survivorship (18%); and End-of-Life (5%). Of the 84 participants, 26% are experts in all six domains, 36% are experts in multiple domains, and 14% are also experts in Patient Navigator Research Programs. Drawing from our environmental scan, the CWG engaged the experts and advocates to develop the foundation for a theoretical underpinning of an evidence-based, practical continuum of care framework. Highest cross-cancer-continuum areas of impact included 1) patient navigation which addresses barriers to enable patients to progress successfully along the cancer continuum of care, 2) excellence in community engagement, a necessary mandate to build trust in among minority and underserved populations, and 3) implementation of health care system changes based on real-world examples. Additionally, experts focused on opportunities to close gaps between the CCC domains with specific emphasis on screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship, with the understanding that health care system change is often effectively sustained by long-term policy implementation that ultimately increases access, utilization and standardization across the continuum. This adapted framework is intended to guide researchers, health care leaders and policy leaders to promote health equity in cancer outcomes. References: [1] Institute of Medicine 2013. Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care; Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/18359; [2] URL: http://shcllc.info/cancer-working-group/ [3] URL: http://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JOP.18.00638 Citation Format: Jeanne M. Regnante, Karen Winkfield, MD, PhD, Ellen Sonet, JD, MBA, Evelyn Gonzalez, Karen M. Freund, MD, Simon Craddock Lee, PhD, Scarlett Lin Gomez, PhD, MPH, Nina Bickell, MD, Lynette Bonar, PhD, Michelle Vichnin, MD, Nicole Richie, PhD, Richardae Araojo, PharmD, Andrea Ferris, MBA, Thomas Farrington, Linda Fleisher, PhD, MPH, Carolyn Fang, PhD, Laura Lee Hall, PhD, Renee Nicolas, Shyrea Thompson, Marilyn Metcalf, PhD, Patti Fine Jewell, PhD, Marianne Gandee, Anna Forte, PhD, Elizabeth Franklin. PhD, Patti Doykos, PhD. Securing the cancer continuum of care model for racially and ethnically diverse and medically underserved populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D080.

Predation is a key determinant of prey community structure, but few studies have measured the effect of multiple predators on a highly diverse prey community. In this study, we asked whether the abundance, species richness, and species composition of a species-rich assemblage of termites in an Amazonian rain forest is more strongly associated with the density of predatory ants or with measures of vegetation, and soil texture and chemistry. We sampled termite assemblages with standardized hand-collecting in 30 transects arranged in a 5 km × 6 km grid in a terra firme Amazonian rain forest. For each transect, we also measured vegetation structure, soil texture, and soil phosphorus, and estimated the density of predatory ants from baits, pitfall traps, and Winkler samples. Seventy-nine termite species were recorded, and the total density of predatory ants was the strongest single predictor of local termite abundance (r = −0.66) and termite species richness (r = −0.44). In contrast, termite abundance and species richness were not strongly correlated with edaphic conditions (¦r¦

This study investigated the spatial distribution of an Amazonian fruit-feeding butterfly assemblage by linking species taxonomic and functional approaches. We hypothesized that: 1) vegetation richness (i.e., resources) and abundance of insectivorous birds (i.e., predators) should drive changes in butterfly taxonomic composition, 2) larval diet breadth should decrease with increase of plant species richness, 3) small-sized adults should be favored by higher abundance of birds, and 4) communities with eyespot markings should be able to exploit areas with higher predation pressure. Fruit-feeding butterflies were sampled with bait traps and insect nets across 25 km(2) of an Amazonian ombrophilous forest in Brazil. We measured larval diet breadth, adult body size, and wing marking of all butterflies. Our results showed that plant species richness explained most of the variation in butterfly taxonomic turnover. Also, community average diet breadth decreased with increase of plant species richness, which supports our expectations. In contrast, community average body size increased with the abundance of birds, refuting our hypothesis. We detected no influence of environmental gradients on the occurrence of species with eyespot markings. The association between butterfly taxonomic and functional composition points to a mediator role of the functional traits in the environmental filtering of butterflies. The incorporation of the functional approach into the analyses allowed for the detection of relationships that were not observed using a strictly taxonomic perspective and provided an extra insight into comprehending the potential adaptive strategies of butterflies.

Aim Despite the accelerating loss of biodiversity and the increased number of methods for conservation planning, the availability of information about the spatial distribution of biodiversity remains limited. One way to overcome this problem is to focus on surrogate resolutions that are able to represent species-level data and can be efficiently measured. Surrogates are only useful if the ecological patterns detected at the species-level still hold when based on coarser taxonomic identification, and if these responses are consistent across regions. We present a comprehensive analysis using data from a large-scale evaluation of ground-dwelling ants, to evaluate the use of surrogates. Location Amazon basin. Methods The sampling design covered 13 sites in eight phytophysiognomies, which in conjunction with other environmental characteristics (altitude, soil granulometry and slope) were used to validate the ecological patterns (ability of the surrogates to reproduce the ecological responses identified for species) of coarser surrogate taxa (indicator taxa, mixed-level approach, genus and subfamily). The surrogates were evaluated for their capacity to predict variation in total species richness and composition. We also estimated the monetary and time costs, in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using different surrogate levels. Results Genus was the most cost-effective surrogate: it predicted 81% of site variation in species richness, was highly correlated (r2 = 0.76) with species composition, very highly correlated (r2 = 0.97) with ecological patterns detected at species level and saved ~40% of total project costs. The mixed-level approach, indicator taxa and subfamily were not effective in representing the species-level data. Main conclusions Genus can be used as a surrogate for species, due to its high predictive value, independent of environmental heterogeneity. Genus may be useful as a surrogate for species in other megadiverse regions, especially where savings in project costs can be applied to increase sampling effort.

Organismal fitness is fuelled by resources. However, resource acquisition often involves conflicting functional demands that may ultimately shape broader ecological patterns. For instance, termites play major roles in ecosystem functioning through their foraging and building activities. Yet, while experiments suggest improved foraging in sand, nest construction depends on clay. Hence, these functions may trade off, with species optima reflecting interspecific variation in building requirements. We investigated whether a foraging–building trade-off could affect termite populations by using three species differing in building requirements, namely Neocapritermes braziliensis, Anoplotermes banksi and Labiotermes labralis. We characterized their populations in relation to soil texture and food amount across a tropical rain forest landscape, and then compared the observed patterns. Colony density was unrelated to food amount in the three species. However, A. banksi was denser at balanced mixtures of sand and clay, consistent with a compromise between foraging and building demands. Further, the species building more mineralized nests (L. labralis) was more abundant on clayish soils, whereas the species relying less on soil for nest construction (N. braziliensis) was more abundant on sandy soils. Changes in colony density correlated with changes in size structure: in N. braziliensis and A. banksi, colony mass variability increased with density due to a sharp decrease in minimum colony mass, consistent with higher productivity and/or size-asymmetric competition. This study suggests a novel functional trade-off that may help drive population density and size structure both within and across termite species.

Occurrence patterns are partly shaped by the affinity of species with habitat conditions. For winged organisms, flight-related attributes are vital for ecological performance. However, due to the different reproductive roles of each sex, we expect divergence in flight energy budget, and consequently different selection responses between sexes. We used tropical frugivorous butterflies as models to investigate coevolution between flight morphology, sex dimorphism and vertical stratification. We studied 94 species of Amazonian fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in seven sites across 3341 ha. We used wing–thorax ratio as a proxy for flight capacity and hierarchical Bayesian modelling to estimate stratum preference. We detected a strong phylogenetic signal in wing–thorax ratio in both sexes. Stouter fast-flying species preferred the canopy, whereas more slender slow-flying species preferred the understorey. However, this relationship was stronger in females than in males, suggesting that female phenotype associates more intimately with habitat conditions. Within species, males were stouter than females and sexual dimorphism was sharper in understorey species. Because trait–habitat relationships were independent from phylogeny, the matching between flight morphology and stratum preference is more likely to reflect adaptive radiation than shared ancestry. This study sheds light on the impact of flight and sexual dimorphism on the evolution and ecological adaptation of flying organisms. © 2017 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2017 European Society For Evolutionary Biology

Arthropod abundance and diversity are remarkable in tropical forests, but are also spatially patchy. This has been attributed either to resources, predators, abiotic conditions or disturbances, but whether such factors may simultaneously shape arthropod assemblage structure is little known. We used cockroaches to test for multiple environmental controls on assemblage structure in 25 km2 of Amazonian forest. We performed nocturnal, direct searches for cockroaches in 30 plots (250 m × 2 m) during two seasons, and gathered data on biotic and abiotic factors from previous studies. Cockroach abundance increased with dry litter mass, a measure of resource amount, while species richness increased with litter phosphorus content, a measure of resource availability. Cockroach abundance and species richness decreased with ant relative abundance. Cockroach species composition changed along the gradient of: (1) soil clay content, which correlates with a broad differentiation between flood-prone and non-flooded forest; (2) soil relative moisture, consistent with known interspecific variation in desiccation tolerance; and (3) according to the abundance of ants, a potential predator. Turnover in species composition was correlated with abiotic conditions—sorting species according to physiological requirements and to disturbance-related life history traits—and to ants' selective pressure. Cockroach abundance, diversity, and composition seem to be controlled by distinct sets of environmental factors, but predators which were represented by ants, emerged as a common factor underlying cockroach distribution. Such patterns of community structure may have been previously overlooked by undue focus on single or a few factors, and may be common to tropical forest arthropods. Resumo A abundância e diversidade de artropodos sao notaveis em florestas tropicais, mas sao espacialmente variaveis devido a fatores como recursos, predadores, condicoes abioticas ou perturbacoes. Pouco e conhecido do quanto esses fatores podem moldar simultaneamente a assembleia de artropodos. Usamos as baratas para testar multiplos controladores ambientais sobre a estrutura da assembleia em 25 km2 de floresta. Em dois periodos anuais, efetuamos busca ativa noturna em 30 parcelas (250 m × 2 m) e obtivemos dados de variaveis ambientais de estudos anteriores. A abundância e riqueza de baratas aumentaram com a disponibilidade (serrapilheira) e qualidade (porcentagem de fosforo da serrapilheira) de recursos, respectivamente. A abundância e diversidade de especies decresceu com a abundância de formigas. A composicao de especies mudou ao longo do gradiente de (i) teor de argila do solo, que se relaciona com a diferenciacao entre florestas propensas e nao propensas a inundacao; (ii) umidade do solo, consistente com a variacao interspecifica na tolerância a dissecacao e (iii) de acordo com a abundância de formigas. A mudanca na composicao foi correlacionada com fatores abioticos, selecionando especies de acordo com requerimentos fisiologicos e a historia de vida, e tambem com a pressao seletiva de formigas. A abundância, diversidade e composicao de baratas parecem ser controladas por fatores ambientais distintos, mas predadores—representados por formigas—emergem como um fator comum moldando a distribuicao de baratas. Este padrao de estrutura de comunidade tem sido negligenciado por focos em um ou em alguns fatores e pode ser comum aos artropodos tropicais.

Environmental gradients may influence species distributions by filtering their functional traits, resulting in a correspondence between community functional composition and local environmental conditions. We used a vegetation gradient as an indicator for environmental complexity to test whether it predicted the morphological composition of ground-dwelling ant assemblages across geographic extents. The sampling design covered 126 plots distributed across eight sampling sites along a broad environmental gradient in the Amazon Basin. Plots covered different phytophysiognomies that have a strong relation with forest biomass and, consequently, litter production. We selected six morphological traits related to ant foraging strategies and behavior. Generalized linear mixed models were used to predict how environmental complexity affects trait composition of ground-dwelling ant assemblages. Structurally less complex environments (eg. Amazonian savannah) harboured more species of smaller ants, with relatively smaller mandibles and relatively larger eyes. In more complex environments (eg. dense ombrophylous forest), there were more ant species of larger size, with relatively larger mandibles and relatively smaller eyes. No relationship was detected between relative femur length and the environmental gradient investigated. The functional approach focused on individual traits may illuminate which ant foraging strategies are best adapted to a particular habitat. Our data reveal that the morphological composition of ground-dewelling ant assemblages responds clearly to environmental complexity suggesting that certain ant characteristics offer ecological advantages to particular species in particular habitats.

Tandem running, whereby one worker recruits another is utilised by many ant species. Since first being recorded, it has provided a valuable experimental tool for testing hypotheses about collective decision making, communication and even teaching. In this review I explore the journey tandem running has taken, the twists and turns in the theories surrounding it and what tandem running has taught us. This review examines the empirical research conducted on tandem running, from when it was first described, considers the theories that have arisen from that research and ultimately what has been learnt and what is still yet to be explored.