Search

Een veertien dagen oud hengstenveulen werd aangeboden met ernstige zenuwsymptomen van onbekende oorsprong. Het veulen kon niet recht staan, was comateus en vertoonde spastische bewegingen van het hoofd. Op CT-onderzoek werd een multipele indeukingsfractuur van het linker os temporale en parietale vastgesteld alsook tekenen van traumatische hersenschade. Drie fragmenten van het schedeldak waren verplaatst in de schedelholte. Binnen de 24 uur werd het veulen chirurgisch behandeld. Een elevatie van de fractuurfragmenten werd uitgevoerd en het grootste fragment werd gefixeerd met een L-vormige titanium MatrixMidface 0,8 mm reconstructieplaat. Bijkomend werd voor de hersenschade een medicamenteuze en ondersteunende therapie opgestart. Op de ontwikkeling van een gelokaliseerd wondabces na verliep de heling gunstig en kon het veulen 18 dagen na de chirurgie opnieuw zelfstandig stappen. Op de CT-controleonderzoeken konden een goede fractuurheling en een geleidelijke normalisatie van de hersenschade worden vastgesteld. Zeven maanden na de behandeling was het veulen volledig genezen en waren er geen neurologische afwijkingen.

Background Dental disorders, of which tooth root abscesses are best documented, are highly prevalent in alpacas. Identification of risk factors can be valuable for prevention of dental disorders in this species. Hypothesis/Objectives To identify risk factors associated with wear abnormalities, malpositioning, diastemata, periodontal disease (PD), and occlusal pulp exposure at the level of the cheek teeth. Animals Two hundred twenty-eight alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from 25 farms. Methods Cross-sectional study. Dental examinations were performed on sedated animals. Risk factors were determined by clinical examination and interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for wear abnormalities, malpositioned teeth, diastemata, PD, and occlusal pulp exposure. Results Mandibular swelling was significantly associated with PD (odds ratio [OR], 11.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.27-48.81; P < .001). Nearly 73% of included animals with mandibular swelling concurrently had PD. For every increase in herd size of 1 animal, the risk for PD increased by 2% (95% CI, 1-4%; P = .01). The association between severe stages of PD and body condition score (BCS) indicates a painful situation, impairing animal welfare (P < .001). For each 1-day increase in interval between pasture cleanings, the odds of finding pulp exposure for a single animal was estimated to increase by 1% (95% CI, 0-2%; P = .05). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Simple management tools such as measuring BCS, palpating the mandible for bony swellings, removing feces from pasture on a regular basis and decreasing herd size might help identify animals at risk for dental disorders or prevent their development.

In deel 1 en 2 van deze reeks over tandheelkunde bij het paard, die respectievelijk in nummer 4 van 2015 en 2016 verschenen zijn, werden de meest voorkomende problemen van het paardengebit en hun diagnose toegelicht. In dit derde en laatste deel wordt er dieper ingegaan op mogelijke behandelingsopties en de gevallen waarin ze kunnen worden toegepast. Samen met de groeiende belangstelling voor het paardengebit en de toenemende kennis hiervan zijn de behandelingsopties en het beschikbare instrumentarium in de loop der jaren sterk geëvolueerd. Dit geeft zowel de praktijkdierenarts als de meer gespecialiseerde dierenarts de mogelijkheid om zeer uiteenlopende gebitsproblemen afdoende te behandelen.

Two horses were presented with problems during ridden exercise due to a firm, sensitive swelling at the level of the cheek adjacent to an upper Triadan 06. Oral, radiographic and computed tomographic examinations (n=1) identified the presence of a palatal supernumerary tooth being the causing factor of a buccally displaced 06. In both cases, the supernumerary tooth was extracted on the standing sedated horse. A couple of months following extraction, the buccally displaced tooth had spontaneously moved into a more physiological position due to orthodontic forces of the cheek and masticatory forces. Both horses uneventfully returned to ridden work without further problems.

Background: Fissures of the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth are commonly encountered during oral examination but their aetiology is unknown. Objectives: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of occlusal fissures in cadaver teeth. It is hypothesised that their prevalence is influenced by masticatory forces. Consequently, their possible association with wear disorders and occlusal angles were examined. Study design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: The dental abnormalities and occlusal fissure findings in the cheek teeth of 143 cadaver heads were recorded. The cheek teeth occlusal angles were measured using the stiff-hinge technique. Multiple regression analyses were performed to establish possible relationships between age, sex, dental wear, occlusal angle and fissure prevalence. Results: Occlusal fissures were found in 103/143 (72%) heads. Sex and age were determining factors in the prevalence of fissures. A similar prevalence was found in mandibular (54.1%) and maxillary teeth (45.9%, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.95-1.29, P = 0.2). Mandibular fissures were more commonly located on the buccal aspect (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.16-1.65, P < 0.001), whereas for maxillary fissures there was no difference in prevalence between palatal and buccal aspects (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.97-1.46, P = 0.1). Two main fissure types were identified. Type 1a fissures were the most prevalent type (39.5%). No significant correlation was found between the presence of wear abnormalities or the occlusal angle of cheek teeth, and the prevalence of fissures. Main limitations: No dental histories were available. Conclusion: Equine cheek teeth show a high prevalence of occlusal fissures. Despite some evidence of predilection sites on the tooth surface that might indicate a mechanical aetiology for these lesions, no associations were found with wear abnormalities or occlusal angles of affected cheek teeth. Further histological and ultrastructural studies are warranted to elucidate their aetiology and possible role in other dental diseases.

Summary Cystic lesions are not very common in the horse. When occurring in the equine skull, they are mainly located in the paranasal sinuses, but occasionally lesions in the maxillary bone and mandible have been reported. The expansive character of these cystic lesions necessitates surgical treatment. The conventional surgical treatment of cystic lesions usually involves drainage, surgical excision and curettage of the cystic wall and all abnormal tissue. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of maxillary bone cysts in two cases. Due to the anatomical location of the bone cysts in the presented cases, excision and extensive curettage would have caused considerable collateral damage to important structures. For this reason, the surgical treatment was performed minimally invasively, including intralesional injection with 10% formalin solution, after which the lesions were flushed with saline solution.

Fissures on the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth are commonly encountered during oral examination. Generally, their presence is considered abnormal but their aetiopathogenesis and clinical impact on pulp disease is still undetermined. The aims of this research were to study the extent of occlusal cheek teeth fissures using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (μCT) imaging and their histological characteristics. Twenty-seven teeth (of 15 horses) were scanned using μCT imaging to analyse fissure extent. Histological examination of a subset of teeth (n = 7) was performed. Forty-three type 1 fissures (35 type 1a, eight type 1b) were identified. The mean length of the fissure of type 1a and type 1b on the occlusal surface was 3.47 +/− 1.60 mm and 13.64 +/− 7.40 mm, respectively. Their mean depth was 13.22 +/− 10.76 mm and 7.42 +/− 6.42 mm, respectively. Potential risk factors associated with fissure depth were identified using a multivariable mixed model The location of the fissure and Triadan number were significantly associated with fissure depth. Fissures could be identified on histological sections with the presence of organic material inside the fissure, microorganisms in the continuation of the fissure extending into the dentinal tubules and the presence of reactionary dentine. This study suggests that fissures can provide a pathway for microorganisms to enter the dentinal tubules, potentially resulting in local pulpal inflammation. It appears that in healthy teeth, vital odontoblasts react by producing reactionary (tertiary) dentin, which lacks patent tubules and thus provides a proper seal.