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El impacto de las secuelas post-infecciosas del COVID-19 son un problema real para el control y tratamiento de las adicciones, debido a que las afectaciones previas por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas empeoran significativamente, y algunos de estos déficits serán permanentes en el individuo. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo contrastar el efecto de las vacunas con el aparecimiento de secuelas post-infecciosas del COVID-19 comparando 240 personas, que fueron divididas en tres grupos. Se evaluaron los procesos cognitivos y de regulación emocional, a través de la aplicación del MME y de la EDAE, respectivamente. Los resultados arrojaron datos no significativos en las alteraciones de los participantes con adicción, antecedentes de COVID-19 y vacunación previa a la infección, lo que nos lleva a concluir que las vacunas contra la COVID-19 presentan una importante eficiencia en la protección de secuelas post-infecciosas del COVID-19, al menos, en personas con diagnóstico de adicción.

Temporal metamaterials empower novel forms of wave manipulation with direct applications to quantum state transformations. In this work, we investigate vacuum amplification effects in anisotropic temporal boundaries. Our results theoretically demonstrate that the anisotropy of the temporal boundary provides control over the angular distribution of the generated photons. We analyze several single and multi-layered configurations of anisotropic temporal boundaries, each with a distinct vacuum amplification effect. Examples include the inhibition of photon production along specific directions, resonant and directive vacuum amplification, the generation of angular and frequency photon combs and fast angular variations between inhibition and resonant photon production.

Para una gran cantidad de procesos industriales, la identificación del patrón de flujo presente es importante para un diseño adecuado de equipos de intercambio de calor, sistemas de bombeo, celdas de combustible, entre otros. Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo diseñar e implementar clasificador mediante una interfaz gráfica de usuario para la identificación de patrones de flujo en imágenes normalizadas de flujos reales de dos fases. La característica principal de este método es que permite realizar la identificación de patrones de manera no invasiva. Debido a la complejidad de las interacciones entre las fases del flujo líquido gas existe el interés de generar un algoritmo capaz de encontrar el patrón de flujo presente que dicte el comportamiento termo hidráulico del fluido. Identificar este comportamiento es una tarea ardua que requiere de expertos en diversas áreas, este trabajo basa su conocimiento a partir del entrenamiento previo de una red neuronal convolucional. Se muestra el desarrollo de la interfaz gráfica para los fluidos bifásicos y, que proporcionaron resultados de identificación de imágenes con una eficiencia arriba del 93% para diferentes patrones de flujo: bala, anular, semi anular, anular disperso y anular bajo.

A case is reported with a prolonged recovery of parathyroid function after a total thyroidectomy.

We investigate the presence of hub-filament systems in a large sample of 146 active proto-clusters, using H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$ J=1-0 molecular line data obtained from the ATOMS survey. We find that filaments are ubiquitous in proto-clusters, and hub-filament systems are very common from dense core scales ($\sim$0.1 pc) to clump/cloud scales ($\sim$1-10 pc). The proportion of proto-clusters containing hub-filament systems decreases with increasing dust temperature ($T_d$) and luminosity-to-mass ratios ($L/M$) of clumps, indicating that stellar feedback from H{\sc ii} regions gradually destroys the hub-filament systems as proto-clusters evolve. Clear velocity gradients are seen along the longest filaments with a mean velocity gradient of 8.71 km s$^{-1}$pc$^{-1}$ and a median velocity gradient of 5.54 km s$^{-1}$pc$^{-1}$. We find that velocity gradients are small for filament lengths larger than $\sim$1~pc, probably hinting at the existence of inertial inflows, although we cannot determine whether the latter are driven by large-scale turbulence or large-scale gravitational contraction. In contrast, velocity gradients below $\sim$1~pc dramatically increase as filament lengths decrease, indicating that the gravity of the hubs or cores starts to dominate gas infall at small scales. We suggest that self-similar hub-filament systems and filamentary accretion at all scales may play a key role in high-mass star formation., 16 pages

Las secuelas provocadas por la enfermedad Covid-19 podrían surgir como un importante problema para el control y tratamiento de las adicciones, considerando que su cuadro clínico incide, sobre todo, en padecimientos neurológicos que por si generan déficits neurocognitivos. La investigación pretendió contrastar el incremento de los déficits neuropsicológicos en personas con trastornos relacionados con sustancias y diagnóstico de Covid-19. Este es un estudio comparativo con la participación de 96 participantes evaluados en los ámbitos neuropsicológicos (NEUROPSI) y regulación emocional (DASS- 21). La comparación de los resultados de la evaluación, de las dimensiones neurocognitivas podrían significar diferencias estadísticamente significativas y un incremento de la afectación, en la orientación, atención, memoria, lenguaje, lectura, escritura y funciones ejecutivas. Se concluye que en el trastorno relacionado con sustancias y diagnóstico de Covid-19, empeoran los síntomas cognitivos iniciales del consumo, bien como las alteraciones de la regulación emocional, considerando la ansiedad, estrés y depresión

We present a numerical study of the gravity-driven filamentary flow arising in the presence of elongated perturbations embedded in a globally gravitationally unstable medium. We perform idealized simulations of the gravitational collapse of a moderate filamentary perturbation with a central enhancement (a core) embedded in either a uniform or a stratified background. Both simulations maintain the filamentary structure during the collapse, developing a hierarchical accretion flow from the cloud to the filament, and from the filament to the core. Only the stratified simulation produces a flat central density profile of filaments, best matching the observed Plummer-like profiles, supporting suggestions that molecular clouds may be preferentially flattened. The flow changes direction smoothly from the cloud to the filament, with no density divergence nor a shock developing at the filament’s axis during the prestellar evolution. The drainage of material by the filament-to-core accretion slows down the growth of the filament, causing the ratio of the core’s central density to the filament’s axial density to increase in time, and to diverge at the time when a singularity (protostar) forms in the core. We argue that the system should evolve towards a stationary state in which the filament-to-core accretion balances the cloud-to-filament one, and search for it in the simulations, but find no unambiguous evidence. However, we find that, after a period of accelerated increase, the filament’s linear mass density reaches a linear growth rate. The stationary state may be approached during the protostellar stage.

La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) es una tecnología de alto riesgo que está interconectada globalmente y que actualmente carece de una regulación en los tratados internacionales, salvo en la Unión Europea. Los intentos de una gobernanza internacional para controlar la IA se restringen a los derechos humanos o los foros comerciales. La carrera entre Estados Unidos y China por desarrollar la IA aleja todavía más la posibilidad de una legislación común. Este trabajo de investigación propone edificar una nueva arquitectura legal sobre esta tecnología que dirige los coches autónomos, el suministro eléctrico, la concesión de un empleo o un seguro, así como los drones y nuevos tipos de armas autónomas. En la primera actuación global sobre IA, la UNESCO han aprobado su recomendación sobre ética en la IA para 193 Estados miembros y este se puede considerar el primer intento de estandarizar la regulación de la IA en el ámbito transnacional.

Refortalecimiento is a strategy for transformation that started with a debate with the empowerment theory. We have been clarifying the notion of refortalecimiento from experiences at communities and academic’s scenarios. As a result, we need to re-imagine some of our concepts to address the consequences of inequalities. In this article, we will present some reflections about three concepts: intervention, prevention model, and empowerment theory based in an Intervention-Investigation (I-I) realized in a community with a group of mothers of children with disabilities (diverse abilities) in an impoverish community in Puerto Rico. We confirmed the need to reevaluate the impact of different concepts/perspectives operating within the project that undermine the implementation process. We learned that the beauty of this process resides on the reciprocity and the fortalezas (strengths) that takes place within all the people involved. But we also find out neoliberal values as: individualism, competition, and everyone for themselves presented great obstacles to overcome discrimination and disparities. How to cite this article: Vázquez-Rivera, C. & Rojas-Livia, J. (2021). Refortalecimiento: Beyond prevention,empowerment and intervention in an improverish community in Puerto Rico. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 31 (1), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v31n1.88726

We investigate the effect of numerical magnetic diffusion in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetically supported molecular clouds. To this end, we have performed numerical studies on adaptive mesh isothermal simulations of marginally sub-critical molecular clouds. We find that simulations with low and intermediate resolutions collapse, contrary to what is theoretically expected. However, the simulation with the highest numerical resolution oscillates around an equilibrium state without collapsing. In order to quantify the numerical diffusion of the magnetic field, we ran a second suit of current-sheet simulations in which the numerical magnetic diffusion coefficient can be directly measured, and computed the corresponding diffusion times at various numerical resolutions. On this basis, we propose a criterion for the resolution of magnetic fields in MHD simulations based on requiring that the diffusion time to be larger than the characteristic timescale of the physical process responsible for the dynamic evolution of the structure., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted to MNRAS

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the nonpathogenic Mycobacterium bovis strain used as tuberculosis vaccine, has been successfully used as treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer for decades, and suggested to potentiate cellular and humoral immune responses. However, the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. We previously described that BCG mainly activated anti-tumor cytotoxic NK cells with upregulation of CD56 and a CD16+ phenotype. Now, we show that stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with iBCG, a preparation based on BCG-Moreau, expands oligoclonal γδ T-cells, with a cytotoxic phenotype, together with anti-tumor CD56high CD16+ NK cells. We have used scRNA-seq, flow cytometry, and functional assays to characterize these BCG-activated γδ T-cells in detail. They had a high IFNγ secretion signature with expression of CD27+ and formed conjugates with bladder cancer cells. BCG-activated γδ T-cells proliferated strongly in response to minimal doses of cytokines and had anti-tumor functions, although not fully based on degranulation. BCG was sufficient to stimulate proliferation of γδ T-cells when cultured with other PBMC; however, BCG alone did not stimulate expansion of purified γδ T-cells. The characterization of these non-donor restricted lymphocyte populations, which can be expanded in vitro, could provide a new approach to prepare cell-based immunotherapy tools.

The individual contribution of specific myeloid subsets such as CD1c+ conventional DC (cDC) to perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology remains unclear. In addition, the specific innate sensors driving pathogenic activation of CD1c+ cDC in patients with RA and their functional implications have not been characterized. Here, we assessed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional characteristics of CD1c+ and CD141+ cDC and monocytes from the blood and synovial fluid of patients with RA. Increased levels of CCR2 and the IgG receptor CD64 on circulating CD1c+ cDC was associated with the presence of this DC subset in the synovial membrane in patients with RA. Moreover, synovial CD1c+ cDC are characterized by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and high abilities to induce pathogenic IFN-γ+IL-17+CD4+ T cells in vitro. Finally, we identified the crosstalk between Fcγ receptors and NLRC4 as a potential molecular mechanism mediating pathogenic activation, CD64 upregulation, and functional specialization of CD1c+ cDC in response to dsDNA-IgG in patients with RA.

Maternal overnutrition during pregnancy leads to metabolic and immune alterations, including obesity, hyperphagia, and central and peripheral inflammation in offspring. Exposure to high-energy diets during pregnancy primes ghrelin sensitivity to overfeeding in the offspring at early stages of life. Overfeeding has also been partially related to the early stages of chronic stress. We hypothesized that maternal programming sensitizes ghrelin-induced overfeeding following a chronic stress schedule in the offspring. We used a nutritional programming model exposing female Wistar rats to a cafeteria (CAF) or control diet from prepregnancy to weaning. Male offspring were injected with ghrelin and then subjected to a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) schedule, after which food intake was determined. Hypothalamic and plasma accumulation of cytokines and cortisol were evaluated using BioPlex analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We found that rats exposed to the CAF diet exhibited overfeeding after fasting and peripheral ghrelin administration, which was exacerbated in rats exposed to chronic stress. Offspring exposed to the CAF diet accumulated pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 cytokines in plasma, and IL-6 cytokine in the hypothalamus. Ghrelin-sensitive overfeeding in rats exposed to CAF diet + CIS display increased cortisol levels and decreased IL-6 accumulation in plasma. Together, our results suggest that maternal nutritional programming primes susceptibility to ghrelin response for overfeeding after a CIS schedule that mirrors plasma cortisol accumulation in male offspring.

Background Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been implicated in several malignant and nonmalignant conditions. The confirmatory diagnosis of HP requires an endoscopic biopsy, followed by a rapid urease test, culture, and/or histopathologic examination using hemotoxylin and eosin, histochemical stains, or immunohistochemistry against HP. EndoFaster is a novel device that can perform real-time ammonium and pH measurements in gastric juice, allowing a diagnosis of HP during gastroduodenal endoscopy. Goal This study aimed to validate the accuracy of EndoFaster and to compare different histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques for the diagnosis of HP infection. Study Consecutive patients who underwent upper endoscopy at our center were prospectively enrolled. During the endoscopy procedure, gastric juice was aspirated to perform an automatic analysis by EndoFaster and gastric biopsies were taken. Histologic sections were reviewed to assess the histopathologic features. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for the EndoFaster test, Diff-Quick (DQ), and immunohistochemistry against HP (anti-HP) using Warthin-Starry as the gold standard for HP detection. Results Overall, 80 patients were enrolled. In 19 cases (23,75%), histology was normal. In the remaining cases, varying degrees of inflammation were found. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 73.33%, 86.00%, 75.86%, and 84.31% for the EndoFaster test using 67 ppm/mL as the positive threshold; 73.33%, 100%, 100%, and 86.21% for DQ; and 79.31%, 88.00%, 79.31%, and 88.00% for anti-HP, respectively. Conclusions The EndoFaster test has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of HP during the gastroscopy procedure. DQ and anti-HP are excellent alternatives to Warthin-Starry for the detection of HP.

Clonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells, frequently called clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in population-based studies and in patients with ischemic heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Yet, the impact of CHIP on HF progression, including nonischemic etiology, is unknown.The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical impact of clonal hematopoiesis on HF progression irrespective of its etiology.The study cohort comprised 62 patients with HF and LVEF 45% (age 74 ± 7 years, 74% men, 52% nonischemic, and LVEF 30 ± 8%). Deep sequencing was used to detect CHIP mutations with a variant allelic fraction2% in 54 genes. Patients were followed for at least 3.5 years for various adverse events including death, HF-related death, and HF hospitalization.CHIP mutations were detected in 24 (38.7%) patients, without significant differences in all-cause mortality (p = 0.151). After adjusting for risk factors, patients with mutations in either DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) or Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) exhibited accelerated HF progression in terms of death (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31 to 5.92; p = 0.008), death or HF hospitalization (HR: 3.84; 95% CI: 1.84 to 8.04; p 0.001) and HF-related death or HF hospitalization (HR: 4.41; 95% CI: 2.15 to 9.03; p 0.001). In single gene-specific analyses, somatic mutations in DNMT3A or TET2 retained prognostic significance with regard to HF-related death or HF hospitalization (HR: 4.50; 95% CI: 2.07 to 9.74; p 0.001, for DNMT3A mutations; HR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.52 to 6.66; p = 0.002, for TET2 mutations). This association remained significant irrespective of ischemic/nonischemic etiology.Somatic mutations that drive clonal hematopoiesis are common among HF patients with reduced LVEF and are associated with accelerated HF progression regardless of etiology.

Introducción: La hiperplasia adrenal congénita (HAC) incluye un grupo de trastornos autosómicos recesivos que afectan la biosíntesis de cortisol, donde los varones afectados no tienen ambigüedad sexual. Objetivo: Describir la secuencia diagnóstica del diagnóstico prenatal de hiperplasia adrenal congénita en feto masculino con genitales ambiguos. Presentación del caso: Gestante de 26 años, primípara, que a finales del segundo trimestre se describe durante estudio ecográfico restricción del crecimiento fetal, alteraciones a nivel del sistema nervioso central y genitales con bolsas escrotales vacías y pedúnculo genital paralelo a la columna vertebral por lo que se sospecha se trate de un feto femenino con genitales ambiguos. Se indica estudio molecular de hiperplasia adrenal congénita mediante realización de amniocentesis y diagnóstico molecular de sexo. Discusión: El estudio molecular permitió el diagnóstico prenatal de la enfermedad en un feto masculino, constituyendo esta última condición un hallazgo inesperado dada la apariencia de genitales ambiguos en la ecografía que sugerían se tratara de un feto femenino. Conclusiones: La sospecha diagnóstica de hiperplasia adrenal congénita ante la presencia de genitales indiferenciados es importante en aras de su diagnóstico temprano para un adecuado asesoramiento genético y manejo de la enfermedad.

This research seeks to explain in a complete way the main causes and consequences of modern slavery in real life. This use mainly affects society; millions of people are subject to modern forms of slavery, mostly women and children. We cannot limit ourselves to African slavery because today slavery lurks around us: on the one hand, the other systems of services and services, on the other hand, the sale and illegal trafficking of people, Traffic where the main ones, although not exclusive, victims of children, the poor, women and immigrants. Its most frequent activities are forced labor in agriculture and industries, prostitution, pornography, drug trafficking, theft, domestic work.

We present the case of a 79 y.o. male diagnosed with tuberculosis and mediastinal lymphadenopathy fistulizing in the esophageal lumen. Despite a number of treatments, including over-the scope (OVESCO) clip, the patient had intolerance for oral intake and repeated infections.

RESUMO A evasão no Ensino Superior constitui preocupação internacional com impacto nas Instituições de Ensino Superior, em geral, e nos percursos de carreira individuais, em específico. Para prevenir esse fenômeno e apoiar tanto instituições como estudantes na sua tomada de decisão, urge identificar fatores de evasão no ensino superior. Apresenta-se revisão de artigos publicados em revistas científicas internacionais entre janeiro 2014 e dezembro 2018, com base no Modelo Longitudinal de Evasão Institucional. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro bases de dados, com combinações das palavras-chave dropout, departure, academic adjustment, college adjustment, academic integration, social integration e higher education. Foram lidos integralmente 24 artigos que satisfaziam critérios de inclusão. Procedeu-se à descrição dos artigos e o conteúdo foi sistematizado em meta-síntese. Identificaram-se fatores relativos a atributos prévios à entrada no ensino superior; objetivos e compromissos prévios e posteriores a essa entrada; experiências institucionais; integração acadêmica e social. Identificaram-se ainda medidas de sinalização de evasão. Discutem-se implicações para a investigação, para serviços e políticas das Instituições de Ensino Superior. RESUMEN La evasión en lo Enseñanza Universitaria constituye preocupación internacional con impacto en las Instituciones de Enseñanza Universitaria, en general, y en los recorridos de carrera individuales, en específico. Para prevenir ese fenómeno y apoyar tanto instituciones, como estudiantes en su toma de decisión, es urgente identificar factores de evasión en la enseñanza universitaria. Se presenta revisión de artículos publicados en revistas científicas internacionales entre enero 2014 y diciembre 2018, con base en el Modelo Longitudinal de Evasión Institucional. La investigación se realizó en cuatro bases de datos, con combinaciones de las palabras clave dropout, departure, academic adjustment, college adjustment, academic integration, social integration y higher education. Se leyeron integralmente 24 artículos que satisfacían criterios de inclusión. Se procedió a la descripción de los artículos y se sistematizó los contenidos en meta-síntesis. Se identificaron factores relativos a atributos previos al ingreso en la enseñanza universitaria; objetivos y compromisos previos y posteriores a esa entrada; experiencias institucionales; integración académica y social. Se identificaron, aún medidas de señalización de evasión. Se discuten implicaciones para la investigación, para servicios y políticas de las Instituciones de Enseñanza Universitaria. ABSTRACT Dropping out of Higher Education is an international concern with an impact on Higher Education Institutions, in general, and on individual career paths, in particular. In order to prevent this phenomenon and support both institutions and students in their decision-making, it is urgent to identify evasion factors in higher education. A review made in published articles in international scientific journals between January 2014 and December 2018 is presented, based on the Longitudinal Institutional Evasion Model. The search was carried out in four databases, with combinations of the keywords dropout, departure, academic adjustment, college adjustment, academic integration, social integration, and higher education. Twenty-four articles that met the inclusion criteria were fully read. The articles were described and the content was systematized in meta-synthesis. Factors related to attributes prior to entering higher education were identified; objectives and commitments prior and subsequent to this entry; institutional experiences; academic and social integration. Evasion signaling measures were also identified. Implications for research, services and policies of Higher Education Institutions are discussed.

The performance of an endoscopic procedure involves introducing an endoscope through the mouth or the anus, which may potentially lead to lethal infection. The risk increases when complex and difficult-to-clean scopes are used, as in the case of duodenoscopes. Side-viewing duodenoscopes are complex in design, with the camera and working channel exit located on one side of the endoscope's distal end, and with an elevator nail also located at this point for catheter redirection. This complex design may facilitate the presence of blind areas not easy to access for cleaning, resulting in suboptimal disinfection of the duodenoscope and therefore a higher risk of bacterial infection. This is of particular importance in particularly vulnerable patients like those who are immunosuppressed (e.g., transplanted patients) or have a malignant disease and are receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, in the era of ¨superbugs¨, like carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, infection outbreaks related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been reported with a significant mortality rate.

Over the scope clips (OTSC) have been proposed as a rescue treatment for bleeding peptic ulcers. However, its effectiveness has not been evaluated in our country.This retrospective and single-center study (January 2018-December 2021) assessed the technical success, clinical success, and safety of the device within 30 days. All patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer and treated with the OTSC® clip (OVESCO) as rescue therapy were included.A total of 11 patients were included, 9 due to rebleeding and 2 due to persistent bleeding. Technical success was 81.9% (9/11, confidence interval (CI) 95% 52-95%). The per-protocol and intention-to-treat clinical success were 88.9% (8/9, CI 95% 57-98%) and 72.7% (8/11, CI 95% 43-90%), respectively. No device-related adverse effects were recorded.The OTSC® clip was an effective and safe rescue therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers.

A evasão no Ensino Superior constitui preocupação internacional com impacto nas Instituições de Ensino Superior, em geral, e nos percursos de carreira individuais, em específico. Para prevenir esse fenômeno e apoiar tanto instituições como estudantes na sua tomada de decisão, urge identificar fatores de evasão no ensino superior. Apresenta-se revisão de artigos publicados em revistas científicas internacionais entre janeiro 2014 e dezembro 2018, com base no Modelo Longitudinal de Evasão Institucional. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro bases de dados, com combinações das palavras-chave dropout, departure, academic adjustment, college adjustment, academic integration, social integration e higher education. Foram lidos integralmente 24 artigos que satisfaziam critérios de inclusão. Procedeu-se à descrição dos artigos e o conteúdo foi sistematizado em meta-síntese. Identificaram-se fatores relativos a atributos prévios à entrada no ensino superior; objetivos e compromissos prévios e posteriores a essa entrada; experiências institucionais; integração acadêmica e social. Identificaram-se ainda medidas de sinalização de evasão. Discutem-se implicações para a investigação, para serviços e políticas das Instituições de Ensino Superior., Dropping out of Higher Education is an international concern with an impact on Higher Education Institutions, in general, and on individual career paths, in particular. In order to prevent this phenomenon and support both institutions and students in their decision-making, it is urgent to identify evasion factors in higher education. A review made in published articles in international scientific journals between January 2014 and December 2018 is presented, based on the Longitudinal Institutional Evasion Model. The search was carried out in four databases, with combinations of the keywords dropout, departure, academic adjustment, college adjustment, academic integration, social integration, and higher education. Twenty-four articles that met the inclusion criteria were fully read. The articles were described and the content was systematized in meta-synthesis. Factors related to attributes prior to entering higher education were identified; objectives and commitments prior and subsequent to this entry; institutional experiences; academic and social integration. Evasion signaling measures were also identified. Implications for research, services and policies of Higher Education Institutions are discussed.

Traditionally, palliative treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) has been surgical, but surgical treatment carries significant morbidity and mortality rates. Endoscopic placement of a duodenal self-expandable metal stent (D-SEMS) has been proven to be successful for this indication in the short term. However, D-SEMSs are likely to malfunction over time. EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) may help overcome these limitations. We aimed to evaluate stent failure-free survival at 3 months.A nationwide multicenter, observational study of D-SEMS and EUS-GE procedures for patients with malignant GOO was conducted at 7 academic centers from January 2015 to June 2020. Stent failure-free survival at 1, 3, and 6 months; technical and clinical success; adverse events (AEs); and patient survival were evaluated in both groups and compared.Ninety-seven patients were included in the D-SEMS group and 79 in the EUS-GE group. Pancreatic cancer was the main underlying malignancy in 53.4%. No statistically significant differences regarding technical (92.8% vs 93.7%) or clinical success (83.5% vs 92.4%) were found. AE rates did not differ between groups (10.3% vs 10.1%), although 2 events in the EUS-GE group required surgical management. Patients in the EUS-GE group had improved stent patency when compared with those patients in the D-SEMS group at 3 months (92.23% vs 80.6%; adjusted hazard ratio, .37; P = .033).EUS-GE seems to have improved patency outcomes when compared with D-SEMS placement for palliative treatment of malignant GOO. Prospective trials are needed to fully compare their efficacy and AE profile.

This study focuses on preexisting inequalities in education and those maximized by the pandemic. It is based on the validation of scales for the construction of a quality and satisfaction questionnaire on students (QSQS) with distance learning for students of higher education to apply to quality assurance offices of higher education institutions. It is based on six dimensions, and, in this article, the result of one of the dimensions is also analyzed: student participation in e-learning. Through the QSQS to answer the following research question: What is the quality and satisfaction of students concerning e-learning? A large number of students and educators have suffered the consequences of a sudden transition to virtual education. In addition to the lack of equipment and people trained to support students in many households, this alternative means of teaching presents contextual differences. In addition, government actions express the concept of biopower, through mass regulations established based on popular fear. The reconstruction of education needs to start now, in conjunction with societies and communities, planning to compensate for unequal learning losses. Financial resources are particularly important; however, those earmarked for the social sectors tend to be neglected in light of the debt burden in the following years. This may affect, on a large scale, the number of students attending private higher education institutions.

In 2020, the world was plagued by the COVID-19 pandemic, given this circumstance; new ways of acting were implemented to stop the transmission of the virus. Non-essential services were transferred to work-from-home and educational institutions, with all their human structure, needed to operate in emergency and remotely. The graduate course and the necessary guidelines suddenly started to be carried out virtually employing communication and information technologies (ICT). Therefore, the objective of this paper was to report a work experience that involved three post-doctoral students and one doctoral student from a Brazilian graduate program in Education, in exchange in Portugal, during the 2020 Research Stay year. For that, forms were sent via Google Forms to the participants to collect their perceptions about the teaching and learning practice while using ICT, in an emergency remote way. Afterward, the data collected was organized in spreadsheets and qualitative analysis of the data was carried out with Content Analysis techniques. The results show that many tools were already used frequently and, during the pandemic, the free time to invest in other academic activities increased. The authors concluded that the physical distance and the use of technologies made it possible to reduce distances and increase social interaction for the efficient teaching-learning process in times of crisis.

BACKGROUNDThe development of hematopoietic lineages is based on a complex balance of transcription factors whose expression depends on the epigenetic signatures that characterize each differentiation step. The B cell lineage arises from hematopoietic stem cells through the stepwise silencing of stemness genes and balanced expression of mutually regulated transcription factors, as well as DNA rearrangement, in a complex process involving epigenetic remodeling.RESULTSHere we report the impact on B cell differentiation of the lack of DIDO3, a reader of histone post-translational modifications, in the mouse hematopoietic compartment. We found reduced DNA accessibility in hematopoietic precursors, leading to a severe deficiency specifically in the generation of successive stages of B-cell differentiation. The expression of essential transcription factors and differentiation markers is impaired, as is the process of somatic recombination. DIDO3-deficient cells show transcriptional alterations of a number of polycomb repressive complex 2, suggesting the involvement of DIDO3 in determining the specific activity of PRC2 in the B cell lineage, including VH-DJH rearrangement. CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our data suggest that DIDO3 is an epigenetic reader involved in the specific differentiation of B cell precursors in the hematopoietic compartment of mice.

Here we explored the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) repressor cytokine, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1rn), in both healthy and abnormal hematopoiesis. Low IL-1RN is frequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and represents a prognostic marker of reduced survival. Treatments with IL-1RN and the IL-1β monoclonal antibody canakinumab reduce the expansion of leukemic cells, including CD34+ progenitors, in AML xenografts. In vivo deletion of IL-1rn induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into the myeloid lineage and hampers B cell development via transcriptional activation of myeloid differentiation pathways dependent on NFκB. Low IL-1rn is present in an experimental model of pre-leukemic myelopoiesis, and IL-1rn deletion promotes myeloproliferation, which relies on the bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal compartments. Conversely, IL-1rn protects against pre-leukemic myelopoiesis. Our data reveal that HSC differentiation is controlled by balanced IL-1β/IL-1rn levels under steady-state, and that loss of repression of IL-1β signaling may underlie pre-leukemic lesion and AML progression.

Para determinar el efecto del peso al nacimiento sobre los balances de nitrógeno (N) y energía (E) en cerdos en crecimiento se realizaron balances de N y E a cinco pares de hermanos. Cada par constó de un cerdo de peso bajo al nacimiento (PBN=912 ± 40 g) y un cerdo de peso normal al nacimiento (PNN=1,610 ± 223 g). Los cerdos se manejaron de manera normal hasta los 90 días de edad, cuando se trasladaron a la Unidad Metabólica para realizar los dos estudios de balance: a los 50 kg de peso y a la misma edad (cuando el cerdo PBN pesó 50 kg). Los PNN digirieron más (P

Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-β family member who acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. The interference of its biological activity could increase skeletal muscle growth with clinical and animal production applications. A strategy to block the myostatin action is by the induction of an immune response against it. In this work, we evaluated as an immunogen a recombinant myostatin fused to the tetanic toxin T- helper epitopes P2 and P30. Genetic constructs of the chimeric myostatin were cloned in an expression vector and used as a DNA vaccine. Besides, a chimeric genetic construct, P2-miostatin-P30 was expressed in Escherichia coli, obtaining a recombinant chimeric antigen. To find out the functionality of these genetic constructs as a vaccine in inducing muscle growth responses, experimental groups of BALB/c mice were DNA immunized with the myostatin fused to P2, P30 or both. Furthermore, to improve the immune response, a heterologous prime-boost immunization scheme was evaluated where the DNA inoculation was followed by immunization with the recombinant antigen P2-myostatin-P30. The different body segments weight was recorded in control and vaccinated mice groups, finding increased muscle masses in the vaccinated groups. These experiments showed the effectiveness of the P2 and P30 T-helper epitopes in inducing an immune response to the fused myostatin, leading to muscle growth. The heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol is a promising vaccination strategy reducing the time and amount of antigen used to induce a immune response to myostatin.

The objective of this research is to analyze the competitiveness and participation that the main honey exporting countries have, and their behavior in the global market, opening the way to other emergent economies in the international blocks battle and the economic globalization. The American study case is shown because it is the main buyer and for the importance that its providers have in the commercial balance, contrasting the competitive performance between Mexico and its competitors using the competitiveness of exportations in the market method for the 2001-2006 period. The national importance of the exportations to the American market of the apiculture sector for Mexico during the last 16 years is approached in the first section; in the second section it is shown how apiculture has developed internationally using a disclosed advantage index, in the third section the behavior of exportations and importations is shown, and finally a competitiveness analysis is made using the constant market participation analysis method (CMPAM).

En este trabajo se evaluaron las prácticas culturales de anillado, estrés hídrico, poda, raleo de frutos y sus combinaciones, para inducir la floración y producción invernal de fruto, así como sus efectos en la calidad del fruto, en limón mexicano〔Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle〕. Las labores culturales realizadas en el mes de agosto y en el testigo absoluto (aplicación foliar de urea 1 % p/v) indujeron un aumento de 600 % en la cantidad de flores. Las prácticas de anillado, estrés hídrico, poda y raleo de frutos promovieron ganancias de 500 a 1000 % en la producción invernal de fruto. Sin embargo, el anillado y el estrés hídrico pueden dañar a los árboles. La aplicación de urea incrementó la floración, pero no el rendimiento. El anillado mejoró la calidad de los frutos en peso, diámetro y en la relación azúcares/acidez, pero redujo el índice de color y la firmeza de la pulpa.

Somatic mutations in the proofreading domain of the replicative DNA polymerase ε (POLE-exonuclease domain mutations, POLE-EDMs) are frequently found in colorectal and endometrial cancers and, occasionally, in other tumours. POLE-associated cancers typically display hypermutation, microsatellite stability and a unique mutational signature, with a predominance of C > A transversions in the context TCT. To understand better the contribution of hypermutagenesis to tumour development, we have modelled the most recurrent POLE-EDM (POLE-P286R) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the corresponding pol2-P287R allele also has a strong mutator effect in vivo, with a high frequency of base substitutions and relatively few frameshift mutations. The mutations are equally distributed across different genomic regions, but they occur within an AT-rich context. The most abundant base-pair changes are TCT > TAT transversions and, in contrast to human mutations, TCG > TTG transitions are not elevated, likely due to the absence of cytosine methylation in fission yeast. The pol2-P287R variant has an increased sensitivity to elevated dNTP levels and DNA damaging agents, and shows reduced viability on depletion of the Pfh1 helicase. In addition, S phase is aberrant and RPA foci are elevated, suggestive of persistent ssDNA or DNA damage, and the pol2-P287R mutation is synthetically lethal with rad3 inactivation, indicative of checkpoint activation. Significantly, deletion of genes encoding some translesion synthesis polymerases, most notably Pol κ, partially suppresses pol2-P287R hypermutation, indicating that polymerase switching contributes to this phenotype.AUTHOR SUMMARYCancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and other tumour properties. Defects in DNA repair or replication can lead to cancer development by increasing the likelihood that cancer-causing mutations will happen. Here we look at a pathogenic variant of a polymerase involved in genome replication (DNA polymerase ⍰⍰⍰POLE-P286R). This variant is associated with highly mutated cancer genomes. By introducing this mutation into the polymerase ⍰ gene of a model organism, fission yeast, we show that it causes a large increase in single base substitutions, scattered throughout the genome. The sequence context of mutations is similar in fission yeast and humans, suggesting that the yeast model is useful for understanding how POLE-P286R causes such a high mutation rate. Yeast POLE-P286R cells show slow chromosome replication, suggesting that the polymerase has difficulty in copying certain chromosomal regions. Yeast POLE-P286R cells become inviable when the concentration of dNTP building blocks for DNA synthesis is increased, probably because the mutation rate is pushed to an intolerable level. Interestingly, we find that specialised polymerases that are tolerant of DNA damage contribute to the high mutation rate caused by POLE-P286R. These findings have implications for the therapy of POLE-P286R tumours.

Del no muy abundante elenco de estudios sobre el médico Vindiciano se da general validez al último de los mismos, debido al erudito italiano A. Beccaria. Según él, una obra de este autor, posiblemente titulada De natura humana estaría en la base de los textos publicados por V. Rose bajo los títulos de Gynaecia (= Gyn) y Epitome uberior altera (=EA), y de otro descubierto por él mismo en el códice Paris, BN, latin 7027. En el mismo sentido, el De natura humana por él postulado habría sido reutilizado conjuntamente con el texto latino de De mulierum affectibus del Corpus Hippocraticum, para dar lugar a un tratado tardío que llevaría por titulo Liber ad Mecenatem o De natura generis humani, del que se encontrarían restos en los manuscritos de París, BN, latin 1121 9 (= E) y latin 7027 (= P). Con ocasión de un estudio acerca de la difusión altomedieval de De mulierum aflectibus hube de reexaminar la estructura de la obra de Vindiciano, con los resultados que ahora presento (1).

We investigate the origin of the observed scaling $j\sim R^{3/2}$ between the specific angular momentum $j$ and the radius $R$ of molecular clouds (MCs) and their their substructures, and of the observed near independence of $\beta$, the ratio of rotational to gravitational energy, from $R$. To this end, we measure the angular momentum (AM) of sets of particles in an SPH simulation of the formation, collapse and fragmentation of giant MCs. The sets of SPH particles are defined either as ``clumps'' (connected particle sets), or as lagrangian sets that conform a connected clump only at a certain time $\tdef$. We find that: {\it i)} Clumps evolve along the observed \jR\ relation at all times, {\it ii)} Lagrangian particle sets evolve along the observed relation when the volume containing them also contains a large number of other ``intruder'' particles. Otherwise, they evolve with $j\sim$ cst. {\it iii)} Tracking lagrangian sets to the future, we find that a subset of the SPH particles participates in the collapse, while another disperses away. {\it iv)} Noting that, under AM conservation, $\beta$ increases during contraction, we suggest that its near independence of radius may arise from the competition between this increase and an increase in the AM exchange rate at higher rotational energy density gradient. {\it v)} We suggest that, if MCs are globally dominated by gravity, the observed \jR\ relation arises because the observational selection of its dense structures amounts to selecting the fragments that have lost AM via Reynolds stresses from their neighbors., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJ, comments welcome

Chiroptical light-matter interaction is largely boosted in the surroundings of complex-shaped metallic nanostructures. Multiple enhancement schemes have been proposed, from twisted structures, such as spirals or helices, arrays of chiral and even achiral plasmonic nanostructures, to stacked planar metasurfaces. Furthermore, there is a steadily growing trend in using assemblies of high-index dielectric nanostructures, which are actually revealing promising results in terms of the enhancement of chiroptical effects. At any rate, whatever the type of material is, the effects of dispersion and absorption need to be accounted for, with the only exception of the vacuum. These considerations are often neglected, presuming media with an ideal lossless and dispersionless behavior. However, when matter is nanostructured to achieve more complex behaviors, as for the case of metamaterials or plasmonic nanostructures, the effects of dispersion and losses in chiroptical interactions cannot be disregarded at all. Hence, as with the energy, the optical chirality should also be generalized to the case of arbitrary dispersive and lossy optical media. This is the matter of the present chapter; namely, a thorough derivation of the optical chirality, extending it so as to include both dispersive and dissipative effects. For simplicity, as well as for constructiveness, we shall elaborate this theoretical analysis upon the basis of the most complete form of the conservation law for the optical chirality.