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In this paper, the notions symmetric continuity, weak continuity, weak symmetric continuity which wasintroduced in [P.Pongsriiam and T.Thongsiri, Weakly symmetrically continuous function, Chamchuri Journal of Mathematics, vol 8(2016),49-65 ] are generalized by using natural density defined on N. Among the others some basic properties of generalized form of symmetrically continuity is investigate with several useful examples.

The objective of this manuscript is to present a novel approach to modeling influenza A disease dynamics by incorporating the Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) fractional derivative operator into the model. Particularly distinct contact rates between exposed and infected individuals are taken into account in the model under study, and the fractional derivative concept is explored with respect to this component. We demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the solution and obtain the series solution for all compartments using the Laplace transform method. The reproduction number of the Influenza A model, which was created to show the effectiveness of different contact rates, was obtained and examined in detail in this sense. To validate our approach, we applied the predictor-corrector method in the sense of the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative and demonstrate the effectiveness of the fractional derivative in accurately predicting disease dynamics. Our findings suggest that the use of the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying influenza A disease and enhance the accuracy of disease models.

Eğimli veya dik arazilerdeki yanal toprak basıncı ve yüzey duraylılığı gibi etkilere karşı kullanılan ağır prekast betonarme paneller hem şantiyeye iletim hem de yerleştirme sırasında ciddi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Üretim aşamasında daha hafif elemanların kullanılması arazideki montaj kolaylığına ek olarak işçilik gereksinimini azaltmakta ve uygulama hızını arttırmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışma kapsamında, gerçek boyutlu donatılı beton numuneler ve genişletilmiş polistren köpük (EPS) elemanlar yardımıyla boşluklu kesitlerle üretilen hafif numunelerin deneysel davranışı incelenmiştir. Özel olarak tasarlanan deneysel düzeneklerde söz konusu numuneler üzerinde düzlem içi diyagonal kesme testleri (panel testleri) ve üç noktalı eğilme testleri gerçekleştirildikten sonra yük - deplasman değişimleri sunulmuştur. Çelik donatılı numunelere kıyasla yaklaşık %13 mertebesinde daha hafif olan EPS köpüklü numuneler eğilme testlerinde benzer davranış sergilerken, panel testlerinde farklı göçme durumları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Alternatif hafif kompozit panellerin kullanılmasıyla konvansiyonel donatılı beton panellerin toplam maliyetinin düşürülebileceği açıkça görülmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda mekanik stabilize donatılı duvarlarda ve donatılı zeminlerde kullanılan konvansiyonel kaplama elemanlarına alternatif özgün bir ürün önerilmiştir.

OBJECTIVE: Data on the incidence of peptic ulcer in childhood and risk factors other than Helicobacter pylori (Hp) are insufficient. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, clinical findings, risk factors and complications of gastroduodenal ulcer in children.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The endoscopy reports and file information of the children who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in our center between May 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS: Of the 5892 pediatric patients examined, 448 (7.6%) had peptic ulcers. Of the ulcers evaluated, 69% were duodenal, 27.4% were gastric, and 3.6% were both gastric and duodenal ulcers. The most common (52.2%) symptom was dyspepsia. The most common risk factor in peptic ulcers was Hp (66.5%). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to be the second most common (5.8%) risk factor. No risk factor could be demonstrated in 14.95% of the cases. Complications secondary to peptic ulcer disease were detected in 70 (15.7%) of the patients. The complications were; bleeding in 50 (12.7%) patients, gastric outlet obstruction in 11 (2.4%) patients, and perforation in 2 (0.4%) patients.CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important risk factor for peptic ulcer in children. However, in cases where Hp cannot be demonstrated, other risk factors should be investigated.

Kesin hükmün amacı, kişiler arasındaki uyuşmazlıkların sonsuz ve sınırsız bir şekilde devam etmesini engellemek ve kişiler arasında ortaya çıkan uyuşmazlıkları kesin bir biçimde sona erdirmektir. Bu bağlamda, kesin hüküm, şeklî anlamda kesin hüküm ve maddî anlamda kesin hüküm olmak üzere ikiye ayrılarak incelemektedir. Maddî anlamda kesin hüküm, yargısal kararlara bir gerçeklik vasfı yüklediğinden hem taraflar hem de mahkemeler üzerinde birtakım etkiler yarattığı kabul edilmektedir. Bu etkilerden biri olan maddî anlamda kesin hükmün olumsuz etkisi, ceza muhakemesinin en önemli ilkelerinden biri olan non bis in idem ilkesiyle açıklanmakta ve bir kişinin aynı fiilden dolayı yeniden yargılanamayacağını ve kişi hakkında yeniden hüküm verilemeyeceğini öngörmektedir. Maddî anlamda kesin hükmün olumsuz etkisinden bahsedebilmek için, aynı kişi ve aynı fiil unsurlarının bulunması gerekmektedir.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have many application areas including image editing, domain translation, missing data imputation, and support for creative work. However, GANs are considered 'black boxes'. Specifically, the end-users have little control over how to improve editing directions through disentanglement. Prior work focused on new GAN architectures to disentangle editing directions. Alternatively, we propose GANravel a user-driven direction disentanglement tool that complements the existing GAN architectures and allows users to improve editing directions iteratively. In two user studies with 16 participants each, GANravel users were able to disentangle directions and outperformed the state-of-the-art direction discovery baselines in disentanglement performance. In the second user study, GANravel was used in a creative task of creating dog memes and was able to create high-quality edited images and GIFs.

In this research, we examine the nonsingular memory effect when implementing the Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative in the Caputo sense to the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) model. For this purpose, first, the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solutions under the AB fractional derivative of the model are expressed and proved. Therewithal, in order to show the response of the AB derivative on the system dynamics practically, a new version of the predictor–corrector method is used with the newly estimated model parameters from the literature. Finally, we provide some simulations of the results.

Dinamik etkilere maruz kalan ince kumlu-siltli zeminlerde, düşük plastisiteli killerde ve hatta gelen ivmenin büyüklüğüne bağlı olarak çakıllı zeminlerde dahi sıvılaşma olayı meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu sorunu önlemek amacıyla mekanik veya kimyasal zemin iyileştirme teknikleri kullanılmaktadır. Yüksek su emme kapasitesine sahip sodyum poliakrilatın zemine karıştırılması veya enjeksiyonu da kimyasal zemin iyileştirme tekniklerindendir. Ortamdaki su ile etkileşime girdiğinde jel forma dönüşen bu malzemenin, dona maruz kalan bölgelerde zemin içerisinde donması durumundaki davranışı bilinmemektedir. Bu amaçla, referans numuneleriyle birlikte %5,00, %10,00, %15,00 ve %20,00 oranlarında sodyum poliakrilat jeli içeren kumlu zemin numuneleri −20℃’de dondurulmuş ve serbest basınç deneyi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, kumlu numunelere ağırlıkça %5,00 oranında bentonit kili eklenerek deneyler tekrarlanmıştır. Jel içeriğiyle birlikte su muhtevasının artmasına bağlı olarak tüm numunelerin serbest basınç dayanımları artmasına rağmen, bentonit içeren numunelerde ortalama %14,00 daha düşük değerler elde edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan bentonit içermeyen donmuş numunelerde genel olarak birim şekil değiştirme değerleri artarken, bentonitli numunelerde azalmaktadır. Zemin içerisinde jel formda olan viskoz yapı, donma işlemi sırasında meydana gelen hacim artışını sönümleyerek donma kabarması sorununu engellemektedir. Ancak, sodyum poliakrilat ile iyileştirilen sıvılaşmaya karşı hassas kumlu zeminlerde yetersiz doygunluk durumunda taşıma kapasitesi kayıplarının dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.

Congenital diarrheal disorders (CDDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases that typically occur in the first weeks of life or can present later in life after the introduction of different nutrients; they can cause life-threatening severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. This study was conducted to characterize the causes of monogenic CDDs, and their clinical consequences. Clinical characteristics of 31 patients with CDDs that occurred in the first month of life and lasted more than 2 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into groups according to the current CDD classification. The rate of consanguinity among parents was 77.4%. Of the patients, 16 (51.6%) were female and 15 (48.4%) were male. The underlying genetic defect was determined in 26 (83.9%) patients. The most common etiologic factors were digestive disorders of food and absorption and transport of electrolytes (58.1%, 18/31) (most of them being carbohydrate malabsorption disorders, 12/18) and intestinal immune system disorders (9.6%, 3/31). Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was given to 45.2% (14/31) of the patients. Mortality rate was 28.5% (8/28). In conclusion, early diagnosis and treatment of CDDs with high morbidity and mortality is extremely important in terms of prognosis. Clinical and laboratory findings, stool characteristics, histopathological findings and the effects of dietary therapy are the primary and most important steps that lead to accurate diagnosis. In addition, advanced diagnostic possibilities, including genetic analyses, are essential for diagnosing underlying diseases.

Electroencephalography changes that occur during the transition from eyes-closed to the eyes-open state in resting condition are related to the early phase of sensory processing and are defined as activation. The present study aimed to reveal the potential deteriorations that may occur in the initial period of sensory processing in resting electroencephalography between children with subclinical hypothyroidism and a control group.Electroencephalographies of 15 children with subclinical hypothyroidism and 15 healthy children aged 10 to 17 years were recorded for 2 minutes for EC and 2 minutes for eyes-open conditions in resting state. Absolute electroencephalography band powers (μV2 ) within the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands were calculated in Fz, Cz, Pz, and Oz electrodes, respectively, for eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions.The results show that, although there was no noteworthy difference between the powers of the electroencephalography frequency bands of children with subclinical hypothyroidism and healthy children during the eyes-open condition, the alpha powers of the control group were significantly higher in all electrodes during the eyes-closed condition. Furthermore, the powers of all frequency bands were observed to decrease in the eyes-open condition in the control group. However, the same net decrease was not observed in the frequency powers of children with subclinical hypothyroidism.According to the results of this study, children with subclinical hypothyroidism may experience information processing impairments starting in the early stages of sensory processing.

We apply Gaussian smoothing to obtain mean magnetic field, density, velocity, and magnetic and kinetic energy densities from our numerical model of the interstellar medium, based on three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations in a shearing box $1 \times 1 \times 2 \, {\rm kpc}$ in size. The interstellar medium is highly compressible, as the turbulence is transonic or supersonic; it is thus an excellent context in which to explore the use of smoothing to represent physical variables in a compressible medium in terms of their mean and fluctuating parts. Unlike alternative averaging procedures, such as horizontal averaging, Gaussian smoothing retains the three-dimensional structure of the mean fields. Although Gaussian smoothing does not obey the Reynolds rules of averaging, physically meaningful and mathematically sound central statistical moments are defined as suggested by Germano (1992). We discuss methods to identify an optimal smoothing scale $\ell$ and the effects of this choice on the results. From spectral analysis of the magnetic, density and velocity fields, we find a suitable smoothing length for all three fields, of $\ell \approx 75 \, {\rm pc}$. Such a smoothing scale is likely to be sensitive to the choice of simulation parameters; this may be considered in future work, but here we just explore the methodology. We discuss the properties of third-order statistical moments in fluctuations of kinetic energy density in compressible flows, and suggest their physical interpretation. The mean magnetic field, amplified by a mean-field dynamo, significantly alters the distribution of kinetic energy in space and between scales, reducing the magnitude of kinetic energy at intermediate scales. This intermediate-scale kinetic energy is a useful diagnostic of the importance of SN-driven outflows., 23 pages, 10 figures. Revised, submitted to Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics

Predictive analytics methods have become increasingly important in Manufacturing Organization in the context of Smart Maintenance. Standardized process models for data mining already known to search existing data stocks for patterns, trends and correlations. Sensors are progressively implemented in production machines to create a database for data mining processes. But the risk of Big Data, thus the risk of low quality data is probably high. For an economic consideration, the amount of investment in new measurement technology and infrastructure should be assessed. Organizations are confronted with the challenge of how much they have to invest to obtain a meaningful database. For this reason, it is important to research which existing approaches support the development of a sufficient database for predictive maintenance in manufacturing systems and provide a methodical framework.

Aim: Hypervolemia is a common problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Because reaching to optimal dry weight (DW) is difficult. Chronic volume overload causes left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, risk of cardiovascular events is very high. High pulse pressure is an indicator of aortic stiffness, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Pulse pressure has a strong correlation with systolic blood pressure and thus with myocardial infarction in hypertensive HD patients. Aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pulse pressure (PP) and hypervolemia. Material and Methods: Seventy (28 male (40%), 42 (60%) female) chronic HD patients with an average of age 48 ± 12 were enrolled. All patients underwent HD 3 times weekly were included. Fluid status [Total Body Water (TBW), ECW and Intracellular Water (ICW) values] was assessed twice (beginning and end of the HD) in HD patients with the body composition monitor (BCM). And blood pressure was measured simultaneously. Before and after hemodialysis, the weight of the patients was measured and recorded. Results: At the beginning of HD, Extracellular Water (ECW) / body weight (BW) (%) was associated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and PP measured simultaneously (P=0.021, P=0.057 respectively). There was no association between diastolic blood pressure with hypervolemia and PP. Conclusion: If patients have hypervolemia especially in the interdialitic period, they have prolonged exposition to cardiovascular risk factors, because hypervolemia is corralated with SBP and PP as well. Both of them are strongly associated with cardiovascular events. Removal of adequate fluid to obtain optimal dry weight causes decrease of systolic and pulse pressure proportionally.

Morgagni Hernia is a congenital defect seen in 2% of the population and develops from agenesis of the diaphragmatic crus and costal and sternal parts. This pathology may not cause any symptoms and therefore may not be diagnosed until adulthood. In this case report, the reduction and repair of the defect with graft of a patient who was evaluated in the emergency room with ileus and developed incarceration of the omentum and colon due to Morgagni hernia is described. We aimed to point out that this rare congenital diaphragmatic hernia should be considered in the diagnosis of patients presenting to the emergency department with ileus.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is threatening world health back since 2019 by undergoing various mutations in the world day by day. However, various measures and treatment options are being developed against the disease. Among these, first of all, mask, distance, cleaning and immunization with vaccines come. Of course, unknown complications are beginning to emerge in newly developed vaccines, and these complications make people nervous. We wanted to share a case of cerebrovascular embolism, which we think developed secondary to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine after routine surgery.

The extension of the digestive tract in the form of a blunt sac that is lined with mucosa and connected to the lumen is called a diverticulum. Diverticula can be divided into two groups as congenital (true) and acquired (pseudo) diverticula. Most of the diverticula are seen in the descending colon and sigmoid colon, and in 65% of the cases, the disease is only in the sigmoid colon. Diverticula are usually 0.5 - 1 cm in size and are numerous. İt can rarely be single and giant in size. In this presentation, we present a case of a giant sigmoid diverticulum originating from the sigmoid colon fixed to the bladder and uterocervical junction with radiological and surgical images in the light of the literature.

Temporary or permanent mouthing of the bowel is a very common intervention in surgical practice. Stomas made for different reasons sometimes have a life-saving quality, and sometimes they meet the life long defecation needs of the patients. Colostomies are opened as life saving in emergency colon surgeries. Although there are various colostomy techniques, which technique will be applied is usually decided during the emergency surgery. Colostomy opening may take a long time. The procedure usually takes 30-40 minutes. However, in some cases, it is necessary to compete with time. Our aim in the report is to share with you the general situation of the circular stapler assisted colostomy , which is applied in critical cases

An investigation of the correlation between heart attack and the Omicron variant is presented in this paper using a novel mathematical model. In the model, in order to control both the number of infected individuals and the number of those with the Omicron variant, two control parameters are meant to be adjusted. Additionally, the model’s positivity and boundedness are investigated. The reproduction number (R0) is assessed, and the control parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out in accordance with the reproduction number. Using the least squares curve fitting method, which is one of the most popular methods of estimating the model’s parameters, the values of the model’s parameters are determined. The model’s total 16 parameter values are estimated utilizing real COVID-19 cases from Tu¨rkiye. Lastly, numerical simulations are presented for the purpose of analyzing the system’s dynamical behavior. Numerical simulations have shown that the suggested controls are successful in reducing the number of infected and Omicron population.

Background and Purpose: Fungus Ball (FB) is a non-invasive fungal infection caused mainly by Aspergillus species. It can occur after root canal treatments are applied to the teeth adjacent to the maxillary sinus. These balls are commonly seen in the paranasal sinuses and rarely observed in the nasal cavity. This report attempted in to highlight such a rare case of fungal infection which requires accurate observation. Moreover, it highlights the importance of careful microbiological and histopathological examinations that were combined with imaging and can lead to a definitive diagnosis. Case report: Herein, we report a rare case of a FB found in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73-year-old male patient. Microbiological examination supported by radiographic and histopathological results indicated that the FB is due to Aspergillus niger. Excised surgery was done to the FB area, and the patient was referred to the postoperation room with the proper recommendations. After the wound healed, the total denture was performed as requested by the patient, and his overall oral health was improved. Conclusion: In this article, we report the first case of a rare FB in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73-year-old male patient. The appropriate investigation is an essential step in the diagnostic process for these infections and requires effective communication and collaboration.

The aims of this study were to develop a new classification for pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption(PIR) with different resorption areas and sizes and to compare the new classification scores among observers from different specialities and professional experience. The PIR was evaluated according to the new classification by two dentomaxillofacial radiologists and two endodontists. Information regarding the patient's age, gender, systemic diseases, the number of PIR, the affected tooth area and the size of the PIR was recorded. The new classification system showed that PIR six and seven defects were the most detected. Regarding jaw regions, the highest reliability was seen in the maxillary central teeth between observers I and IV, and maxillary premolar-molar teeth between observers II and III. This study revealed that PIR can be found in both root and crown dentine. Professional experience and specialty and awareness of the PIR defect may affect the diagnosis.

Road pavements may be subjected to deterioration problems caused by excessive traffic loads, thousands of load repetitions, environmental and climatic conditions, freeze-thaw effects, and insufficient design of mixtures. The formation of reflective cracks is the most common structural problem that occurs on a road’s superstructure over time. Special applications requiring expensive geosynthetics, such as glass-fiber-based geogrids (GG) or carbon-fiber-based geogrids, are generally used to solve this problem. Therefore, in this study, the utility of polyester-fiber-based soil geogrid (PG) is investigated as an alternative solution in relation to experimental performance analysis. Three-point bending tests are realized to custom-engineered hot mix asphalt plate specimens, with and without geogrids, under full-capacity static loading, cyclic loading, and dynamic fatigue loading conditions. Although the same bending strength levels are seen for plate specimens, including GG and PG reinforcements with a 100 kN/m tensile strength, PG-containing specimens show a 42% greater performance in the case of cyclic loading. Moreover, PG-reinforced plates have greater elastic behavior than GG plates, up to 49.4% within a dynamic fatigue test at the end of 15,000 cycles. As a result, it is shown that reflective cracks can be more effectively delayed by the use of soil PGs, rather than GGs, in relation to overall performance and service life.

AMAÇ: Çölyak Hastalığı, gluten içeren yiyeceklerin tüketilmesi ile oluşan ve ince bağırsakta otoimmün olaylarla karakterize bir enteropatidir. Çalışmamızda, çölyak hastalığında diyet uyumsuzluğu ile artış gösteren aktivasyon kriterleri ile delta nötrofil indeks arasındaki ilişkinin gösterilmesi amaçlandı.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışmada, Ocak 2019 ve Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında Dr. Sami Ulus Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastanesi pediatrik gastroenteroloji polikliniğine başvuran önceden çölyak hastalığı tanısı almış olan 99 çocuk ve ergen (18 yaş altı) dahil edildi.BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 45’i kız (% 45.5), 54’ü erkek (% 54.5) olmak üzere 3 - 17 yaş arası toplam 99 çölyak hastası dahil edildi. Delta Nötrofil İndeksi (DNI) ile tanı süresi arasında (p=0,094 r=0,169), dTGA ile (p=0,256 r=0,115), dTGG ile (p=0,359 r=-0,094) ve IgA ile anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (p=0,259 r=0,115).SONUÇ: Çölyak hastalığının erken tanınıp tedavi edilmesi çok önemlidir çünkü glütensiz diyet sonrası hem semptomlar gerilemekte hem de daha ciddi çölyak ilişkili hasarların gelişmesi önlenebilmektedir. Hastaların takipte diyet uyumunu belirlemek için kullanılan serolojik testler, bir çok inflamatuar durumda kullanılan ve rutin hemogram parametrelerinden biri olan DNI düzeyi ile karşılaştırıldı ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Çölyak hastalarının takibinde diyet uyumu ileri çalışmalar ile belirlenebilir.

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporine is a rescue treatment alternative to avoid colectomy in corticosteroid refractory acute severe ulcerative ­colitis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of cyclosporine therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis patients. METHODS: Acute severe ulcerative colitis (basal Lichtiger score > 10) patients who did not respond to 40 mg intravenous methylprednisolone therapy after 3-5 days were included in the study. The presence of clinical response and remission was assessed at 1st week, 1st, 6th, and 12th month according to the Lichtiger index. RESULTS: In this study, 40 patients, whose steroid refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis and basal Lichtiger score > 10 points were enrolled. The median disease duration was 49.3 months (2-204). All patients received cyclosporine for 132 ± 78 days (7-270). Clinical response was obtained on seventh day in 82.5%. The clinical response rates of the first and sixth months were 72.5% and 62.5%, ­respectively. A total of 17/40 (42.5%) patients underwent colectomy within 1 year. In the patients who underwent colectomy, the basal LS (14.2 ± 1.9 vs 12.3 ± 1.7) (P = .002) was higher and the basal hemoglobin value (11.8 ± 2.3 vs 10.1 ± 1.5) (P = .037) was lower than those who did not undergo colectomy. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that cyclosporine treatment may be successfully and safely used in steroid refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis patients. Cyclosporine is a drug that has recently started to come up again with the introduction of new maintenance treatments. Especially in patients who develop a loss of response to infliximab therapy, or where infliximab therapy is contraindicated, or who have azathioprine intolerance, or are unresponsive.

In this article, we address the scheduling problem in wireless ad hoc networks by exploiting the computational advantage that comes when scheduling problems can be represented by claw-free conflict graphs where we consider a wireless broadcast medium. It is possible to formulate a scheduling problem of broadcast transmissions as finding the maximum weighted independent set (MWIS) in the conflict graph of the network. Finding the MWIS of a general graph is NP-hard leading to an NP-hard complexity of scheduling. In a claw-free conflict graph, MWIS may be found in polynomial time leading to a throughput-optimal scheduling. We show that the conflict graphs of certain wireless ad hoc networks are claw-free. In order to obtain claw-free conflict graphs in general networks, we suggest introducing additional conflicts (edges) with the aim of keeping the decrease in MWIS size minimal. To this end, we introduce an iterative optimization problem to decide where to introduce edges and investigate its efficient implementation. We conclude that the claw breaking method by adding extra edges can perform very close to optimal scenario and better than the polynomial time maximal independent set scheduling benchmark under the necessary assumptions.

Objective: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) and the characteristics of antrum pathologies in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy. Materials and Methods: Antrum pathologies and the presence of H. Pylori evaluated with Giemsa stain in gastroscopies of 203 patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy. Results: A total of 203 patients, 119 male, 84 female, with portal hypertensive gastropathy was included in our study. In patients with portal hypertension, the rate of H. Pylori positivity was 15.3%. This rate was determined as 18.5% under 65 years old and 8.8% over 65 years old. On the basis of gender, H. Pylori positivity rates were 21.8% in male patients and 6% in female patients. The most common antrum pathologies in the patients, in order of frequency, were reactive gastropathy with a rate of 41.4%, active gastritis with a rate of 23.6%, and edema with a rate of 22.2%. The rate of intestinal metaplasia was found to be 9.9%. Conclusion: In the patients with portal hypertension included in our study, the H. Pylori positivity rate was found to be 15.3%. This rate was found to be below the H. Pylori positivity rate in our country. The most common antrum pathology in the patients was reactive gastropathy with a rate of 41.4%, while the rate of intestinal metaplasia was found to be 9.9%., Amaç: Çalışmamızda portal hipertansif gastropatisi (PHG) olan hastalarda Helicobacter pylori sıklığını ve antrum patolojilerinin özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Portal hipertansiyonu olan 203 hastanın endoskopi ünitemizde yapılmış olan gastroskopilerinde portal hipertansif gastropati saptanan hastaların antrum patolojileri ve Giemsa boyası ile değerlendirilen H. Pylori varlığı retrospektif olarak araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya, portal hipertansif gastropatisi olan, 119’u erkek, 84’ü kadın, toplam 203 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Portal hipertansif gastropatisi olan hastalarda, H. Pylori pozitiflik oranı %15,3 olarak saptandı. Bu oran 65 yaş altında %18,5, 65 yaş üzerinde ise %8,8 olarak saptanmıştır. Cinsiyet bazında, H. Pylori pozitiflik oranları erkek hastalarda %21,8, kadın hastalarda %6 olarak tespit edildi. Hastalarda en sık görülen antrum patolojileri sıklık sırasına göre: %41,4 oranı ile reaktif gastropati, %23,6 aktif gastrit ve %22,2’lik oran ile ödem olarak saptandı. İntestinal metaplazi oranı ise %9,9 olarak saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamıza dahil ettiğimiz PHG’i olan hastalarda, H. Pylori pozitiflik oranı %15,3 olarak saptandı. Bu oranın ülkemiz genelindeki H. Pylori pozitiflik oranının altında olduğu görülmüştür. Hastalarda en sık görülen antrum patolojisi %41,4 oranı ile reaktif gastropati iken, intestinal metaplazi oranı %9,9 olarak saptandı.

InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) photodiodes grown on InP substrates are an alternative detector technology for applications operating in the short wavelength infrared band. Their cut-off wavelengths are heavily influenced by the thickness and material composition of InGaAs and GaAsSb used in the T2SL. We present a single band k.p. model performed using a finite difference approach in nextnano validated against two T2SL photodiode wafers and results from literature. These photodiode wafers cover both lattice matched and strained GaAs1−x Sb x compositions (x = 0.40, wafer A and 0.49, wafer B). The validation data covers temperature dependence of cut-off wavelengths (obtained from phase-sensitive photo response data) from 200 K to room temperature. The cut-off wavelengths were found to reduce at 1.32 nm K−1 for wafer A and 1.07 nm K−1 for wafer B. Good agreement was achieved between the validation data and nextnano simulations, after altering the GaAs1−x Sb x valance band offset (VBO) bowing parameter to −1.06 eV. Using this validated model, we show that the wavefunction overlap drops significantly if the GaAsSb barrier is thicker than the InGaAs well layer, hence defining the upper limit of the barrier layer. This validated model is then used to demonstrate that there is a linear dependence between the maximum achievable wavefunction overlap and cut-off wavelength of a lattice matched InGaAs/GaAsSb T2SL. We also found that the adoption of a 5 nm/3 nm InGaAs/GaAsSb T2SL structure offers an improved wavefunction overlap over the more common 5 nm/5 nm InGaAs/GaAsSb T2SL designs. The data reported in this paper is available from doi: 10.15131/shef.data.20310591.

Objective To identify the prevalence rates and radiologic characteristics of intravertebral pneumatocysts (IVP), degenerative joint disease (DJD), and ponticulus posticus (PP) in the cervical spine by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The correlations of the lesions with patient age and sex, as well as the correlations among the lesions, were also evaluated. Study Design CBCT images obtained from 440 patients were assessed retrospectively. Correlations between patient demographic characteristics and IVP, DJD, and PP in the cervical vertebrae were analyzed by using χ2 tests and logistic regression analysis. A difference of P Results IVP occurred in 22 of 1792 vertebrae (1.2%) and in 17 of 440 patients (3.9%). DJD findings were observed in the cervical vertebrae of 260 patients (59.1%). PPs were found in 245 patients (55.7%). The prevalence rate of DJD varied significantly by age group (P = .002), whereas the prevalence rates of IVP and PP did not. There was a significant correlation between both DJD and PP with demographic characteristics (P Conclusions Although DJD is common, radiologists should carefully examine CBCT scans of vertebrae for IVP and PP. Patients with DJD should be evaluated for the presence of PP.

Infectious diseases have caused the death of many people throughout the world for centuries. For this purpose, many researchers have investigated these diseases for establishing new treatment and protective measures. The most important of these is HIV disease. In this study, an HIV infection model of CD4+ T cells is handled comprehensively with the newly defined Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions for fractionalized HIV disease model with the new derivative by considering the Arzela-Ascoli theorem.

Quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) are devices operating at zero external bias with a low dark-current. They show linear detection and high saturation intensities, making them suitable candidates for heterodyne detection in long-wave infrared (LWIR) free space optical communication systems. We present an approach to mitigate the performance limitation at long wavelengths, by a comparison of similar single and multi-period QCDs for optimizing their responsivity and noise behaviour. Our InGaAs/InAlAs/InP ridge QCDs are designed for operation at λ = 9.124 µm. Optical waveguide simulations support the accurate optical characterization. A detailed device analysis reveals room-temperature responsivities of 111 mA/W for the 15-period and 411 mA/W for the single-period device.

There are limited data about the safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TDF in renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term follow-up.CHB patients undergoing hemodialysis (group 1), renal transplant recipients (group 2) and patients with normal renal function were included in the study. All patients were treated with TDF for at least 6 months. The groups were compared with regards to safety and efficacy. HBV-DNA levels were studied using a Cobas-TaqMan 96 system.A total of 217 patients with CHB (group 1: 8 patients, group 2: 9 patients, group 3: 200 patients) were enrolled in this study. The frequency of clinical adverse effects was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2compared with group 3 (37.5% vs. 11.1% vs. 0.5%, respectively,Clinical adverse effects of TDF were more common in patients with CRF in comparison with patients without CRF. However, the occurrence of adverse effects did not necessitate discontinuation of the drug. TDF was safe and effective for this group of patients.