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The goal of this study was to examine the social influence on music liking with respect to individual musical taste. To measure musical taste, participants (N = 95, mean age 20.4 years) filled in the STOMP scale. They were then asked individually to listen to 16 musical excerpts from different genres using a computer program and rate how much they liked them. They were divided into three groups that were shown different information about other participants’ ratings of the same excerpts. The first group was shown ratings allegedly based on others’ positive judgments, the second group was shown ratings allegedly based on others’ negative judgments, and the third group was given no information. The results showed that the participants’ ratings were susceptible to social influence, i.e., they conformed towards the shown group norm. As expected, musical taste was related to the ratings of the music excerpts, but did not moderate the effect of social influence. Thus, the results show that social comparison, which has been confirmed by research in various areas of human judgment, also exists in rating music.

Temat zachowań prospołecznych oraz ich wpływ na rozwój i kształtowanie postaw człowieczeństwa był na przełomie ostatnich dekad w zainteresowaniu wielu badaczy. Zarówno koncepcje wyjaśniające altruizm jako uwarunkowany biologicznie lub osobowościowo, jak i podejście, które tłumaczy, że zjawisko pomagania jest wynikiem wychowania, są niezwykle różnorodne i stanowią szeroki zakres aktualnej wiedzy. W pracy poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy osoby, pomimo potencjalnych zasobów do wykonywania pracy „dla innych”, są podatne na wpływ czynników zewnętrznych. Ważna jest zatem zależność i stopień, jak element zewnętrzny będzie oddziaływać na ocenę własnego altruizmu. Przyjęto w związku z tym hipotezę, że po zaktywizowaniu badanych treści zachowań prospołecznych metodą torowania, nastąpi wzrost samooceny. W celu weryfikacji pytań i hipotez przeprowadzono badanie w grupie studentów pierwszego roku pracy socjalnej na Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim. Przebadano 45 losowo wybranych studentów, z podziałem na dwie grupy, sprawdzając za pomocą ankiety internetowej pomiar altruizmu. Do badania wykorzystano kwestionariusz A-N Jacka Śliwaka. Ankieta składała się z dwóch części, pomiędzy którymi wyświetlano badanym filmy o treści ukazującej zachowania altruistyczne oraz neutralne, dla grupy kontrolnej. Po obejrzeniu filmu badani wypełniali część drugą kwestionariusza. Badania były realizowane na przełomie grudnia 2020 roku i stycznia 2021 roku. Wyniki badań nie potwierdziły zakładanej hipotezy, że zaktywizowanie osób poprzez zjawisko torowania w istotny sposób będzie wpływać na samoocenę altruizmu wśród studentów. To pokazuje, jak złożonym do badania zjawiskiem jest altruizm. Stopień trudności wynika z konieczności uwzględnienia wielu czynników, które w efekcie analiz mogą mieć kluczowe znaczenie dla uzyskanych konkluzji. The topic of pro-social behavior and its impact on the development and formation of humanity’s attitudes has been of interest to many researchers in recent decades. Both the concepts that explain altruism as biologically or personality-driven, and the approach that explains that the phenomenon of helping is the result of upbringing are extremely diverse and represent a wide range of current knowledge. The study sought answers to whether individuals, despite their potential resources to do work “for others,” are susceptible to the influence of external factors. The important question, then, is the relationship and the degree to which the external element will affect the assessment of one’s own altruism. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that once the content of pro-social behavior is activated in the respondents by the method of rolling, there will be an increase in self-esteem. In order to verify the questions and hypotheses, a study was conducted in a group of first-year students at the University of Wroclaw, majoring in Social Work. The study surveyed 45 randomly selected students, divided into two groups, checking the altruism measurement using an online survey. The survey used the A-N questionnaire by Jack Sliwak. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, between which the respondents were shown videos with content showing altruistic and neutral behavior, for the control group. After watching the film, the respondents filled out part two of the questionnaire. The research was carried out in December 2020/January 2021. The result of the research did not confirm the assumed hypothesis that activating people through the phenomenon of rolling, will significantly affect the self-assessment of altruism among students. This shows how complex a phenomenon altruism is to study. The degree of difficulty is due to the need to take into account a number of factors that, as a result of the analyses, may be crucial to the conclusions reached.

A novel kind of acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) with unit cells composed of two layers made of dissimilar materials with a crack-like void situated at the interface between bars is considered. Recently, the authors showed numerically that this novel kind of AMMs can provide unidirectional propagation of guided waves. Several AMM specimens (the finite stack of periodic elastic layers with and without voids) have been manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques and regular gluing. The details of the manufacturing process are discussed. In the experiment, the elastic waves have been excited by a rectangular piezoelectric wafer active transducer bonded at the surface of the specimen. Vibrations of the opposite side of the AMM specimen are measured via a piezoelectric sensor. The band gaps are observed in the experiment and values of their width and location correlate with numerically predicted ones.

Men and women negotiate differently, which might create gender inequality in earnings from bargaining. We study the role of gender and gender pairing in bilateral bargaining, using an artefactual field experiment in rural Uganda, in which pairs of participants bar-gain over the division of a fixed amount of resources. We vary the gender composition of the bargaining pairs as well as the disclosure of the participants' identities. We find gender differences in earnings and agreements, but only when identities and, thus, gen-ders are disclosed. Women in same-gender pairs obtain higher final earnings than men and women in mixed-gender pairs, which is due to the lower likelihood of disagree-ment among women-only pairs. We identify gender differences in demands and demand inconsistency-the money left on the table once demands are corrected for beliefs about the counterpart's demand-as mechanisms behind the observed gender differences in bar-gaining outcomes. In addition, we find that gender differences in demand inconsistency are related to gender differences in education and a measure of expected generosity.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

Study 2 of the larger project "Selbst-effects of public vs. private opinion expression": The experimental study manipulates the public vs. private context of opinion expression (new manipulation compared to study 1). It tests the effects on elaboration, expression composition, issue interest, perceived expertise, and behavioral intention.

In this study, we used several classifiers and vectorizers to see their effect on processing social media data. In this study, the classifiers used were random forest, logistic regression, Bernoulli Naive Bayes (NB), and support vector clustering (SVC). Random forests are used to reduce spatial complexity, and also to minimize errors. Logistic regression is a method with a statistical model whose basic form uses a logistic function to represent the binary dependent variable. Then, the Naive Bayes function uses binary elements and SVC which has so far given good results rivals other guided learning. Our tests use social media data. Based on the tests that have been carried out on classifier variations and vectorizer variations, it was found that the best classifier is a linear regression algorithm based on predictive adaptive compared to the random forest method based on decision trees, probability-based Bernoulli NB and SVC which work by clustering. Meanwhile, from the test results on the count vectorizer, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TFIDF), and hashing, the best accuracy is achieved on the TFIDF vectorizer. In this case, it means that the TFIDF vectorizer has a better value in presenting word feature dimensions.

Diet quality has been associated with numerous health outcomes, resulting in nutrition education to improve children's diet quality. Culinary nutrition interventions have been emphasised as a promising approach for enhancing children's food preferences and behaviours. Recently, there has been an increase in such interventions, and it is essential to understand their effectiveness and the specific methods used. Therefore, this review aimed to critically investigate methodological approaches in a range of children's culinary nutrition interventions and experiments. A secondary aim was to investigate the impact of these interventions on dietary, psychosocial and wellbeing outcomes. A systematic and pragmatic search strategy was developed and implemented using two electronic databases. Data extraction of the relevant content of eligible studies and a narrative synthesis were conducted. A total of 12 312 articles were identified from the search and 38 studies on children's culinary nutrition interventions or experiments were included. Most studies (n = 25) were conducted in North America. Only two studies had an RCT design. Less than half the studies (n = 16) used an underpinning theory, model or framework. Only four studies conducted sample size calculations. Some validated measurement tools were used. Despite the methodological concerns, most studies found some positive changes in dietary and/or psychosocial outcomes, while only two studies assessed wellbeing. Therefore, the area warrants further in‐depth research anchored in methodological rigor to strengthen the validity of the research. The strengthening of the evidence in children's culinary nutrition could have a significant beneficial impact on public health if it resulted in widespread interventions and, in the long‐term, reduce the impact on health systems.

We extend the study of behavioural types in voluntary contribution games, adapting the elicitation method of Fischbacher et al. (2001) to a broader range of economic and strategic incentives. Our results in the standard VCM game align with previous findings in many respects; in particular, we identify one-quarter of participants as a distinctive group of “strong” conditional cooperators. We provide an explanation for the behaviour of this group by tracking their contribution strategies as the financial incentives of the game vary. We find that conditional cooperators follow a sophisticated rule, matching contributions only when doing so leads to an overall welfare improvement. This favours an account of conditional cooperation based on social norm compliance, rather than confusion, inequity aversion, or warm-glow giving. Keywords: public goods, conditional cooperation, sophistication, experiment.

How reliable are our Italian field surveys really? This article presents the main results of three student-thesis based analyses of data obtained in field survey experiments carried out by the last author in Calabria (southern Italy) in 2014. Two separate experiments were conducted to study the differences between individual field walkers, and the ability of the GIA standard fieldwalking protocol to achieve a representative sample of the surface archaeological record. The analyses confirm and quantify the variability between walkers, as well as some of the survey biases that had already been suspected, and provide arguments for improving surveying practice in the Mediterranean. They also alleviate some concerns with respect to other parameters, such as sherd size.

Many industrial applications require the displacement of liquid-filled containers on planar paths (namely, paths on a horizontal plane), by means of linear transport systems or serial robots. The movement of the liquid inside the container, known as sloshing, is usually undesired, thus there is the necessity to keep under control the peaks that the liquid free-surface exhibits during motion. This paper aims at validating a model for estimating the liquid sloshing height, taking into account 2-dimensional motions of a cylindrical container occurring on a horizontal plane, with accelerations up to 9.5 m/s2. This model can be exploited for assessment or optimization purposes. Experiments performed with a robot following three paths, each one of them with different motion profiles, are described. Comparisons between experimental results and model predictions are provided and discussed.Finally, the previous formulation is extended in order to take into account the addition of a vertical acceleration, up to 5 m/s2. The resulting 3-dimensional motions are experimentally validated to prove the effectiveness of the extended technique.

Funding: Research leading to this article was funded by the Wellcome Trust [Grant No. ID 217988/Z/19/Z] for the project ‘The Global War Against the Rat and the Epistemic Emergence of Zoonosis’. Paul-Louis Simond’s 1898 experiment demonstrating fleas as the vector of plague is today recognised as one of the breakthrough moments in modern epidemiology, as it established the insect-borne transmission of plague. Providing the first exhaustive examination of primary sources from the Institut Pasteur’s 1897–98 ‘India Mission’, including Simond’s notebooks, experiment carnets and correspondence, and cross-examining this material with colonial medical sources from the first years of the third plague pandemic in British India, the article demonstrates that Simond’s engagement with the question of the propagation of plague was much more complex and ambiguous than the teleological story reproduced in established historical works suggests. On the one hand, the article reveals that the famous 1898 experiment was botched, and that Simond’s misreported its ambiguous findings for the Annales de l’Institut Pasteur. On the other hand, the article shows that, in the course of his ‘India Mission’, Simond framed rats as involved in the propagation of plague irreducibly in their relation to other potential sources of infection and not simply in terms of a parasitological mechanism. The article illuminates Simond’s complex epidemiological reasoning about plague transmission, situating it within its proper colonial and epistemological context, and argues for a new historical gaze on the rat as an ‘epidemiological dividual’, which highlights the relational and contingent nature of epidemiological framings of the animal during the third plague pandemic. Publisher PDF

This paper empirically examines the behavioral precautionary saving hypothesis that uncertainty about future income triggers an increase in saving because of loss aversion. Guided by the theoretical model of Koszegi and Rabin (2009), we first extend their theoretical analysis to also consider the internal margin, i.e., the strength, of loss aversion, and then empirically study the relation between income risk, experimentally elicited loss aversion, and precautionary savings. We do so using a sample of 640 individuals from the low-income population of Bogotá, characterized by limited financial education and subject to substantial income risk. In line with the theoretical predictions, we find that an increase in income risk is associated with higher savings for loss-averse individuals, and that this increase in savings grows with the degree of loss aversion. An accompanying laboratory experiment confirms that an exogenous increase in income risk causally leads to this observed pattern. Thus, consistent with the theoretical predictions derived from the model of Koszegi and Rabin (2009), but in contrast to common assumptions, our findings establish that loss aversion is not necessarily an obstacle to saving, and thus identify new approaches of increasing saving among individuals with low financial education.

This paper provides experimental evidence on the economic determinants of intermediation networks by considering two pricing rules and three group sizes of subjects – 10, 50 and 100 subjects. When brokerage benefits accrue only to traders who lie on all paths of intermediation, stable networks involve interconnected cycles, and trading path lengths grow while linking and payoff inequality remain modest as the number of traders grows. When brokerage benefits are equally distributed among the traders located on the shortest paths, stable networks contain a few hubs that provide the vast majority of links, and trading path lengths remain unchanged while linking and payoff inequality explode as the number of traders grows.

The expansion of iBuyer’s use of PropTech to major housing markets raises a series of questions for both buyers and sellers when making instant, all-cash offers. This study uses a sequence of experiments to identify the proper implementation of existing behavioral real estate concepts to improve the iBuying process, a burgeoning area of residential real estate. We find strong evidence of anchoring for all-cash offers in that sellers are nearly twice as likely to transact when they are first presented with the net proceeds offer price (market value minus costs) rather than starting with the higher gross market value offer price. After the sale, seller regret aversion becomes strong when the seller’s house is subsequently sold for 10% or more than the all-cash buyer paid, but regret aversion is mitigated with communication of the improvements made to enhance the selling price. We further find that sellers do not know which all-cash buyer’s Automated Valuation Model (AVM) is the most accurate and are therefore much more influenced by brand awareness than model sophistication. Finally, while the extant literature has examined offer price strategies for home sellers, this is the first investigation of buyer offer price strategies. In stark contrast to selling strategies, pricing strategies do not matter when making an offer to buy.

The article highlights the issue of the influence of digital technologies on the formation and content of modern literary text (hypertext). For this purpose, an analysis of the works of some authors is given in the context of the evolution of hypertext as an art form. Similar and individual characteristics are revealed between the selected books and examples of earlier works of art that have reached the level of hypertext. The influence of digital technologies on this art form is noted, expressed primarily in two opposing trends - imitation of the effects of electronic text, on the one hand, and emphasizing the materiality of the book and the impossibility of replacing it with a computer, on the other., {"references":["1. Pavić M. Interview. – Saint-Petersburg, 2003. – P. 278. 2. Paviћ M. Khazarski rechnik. – Beograd, 1984. 3. Cortázar J. Rayuela. – Buenos Aires, 1963. 4. Calvino I. Se una notte d'inverno un viaggiatore. – Turin, 1979. 5. Михайлович Я. Павич и гипербеллетристика // Павич М. Ящик для письменных принадлежностей. – Санкт-Петербург, 2000. – С. 178. 6. Joyce M. Afternoon, a Story. – Watertown, 1990. 7. Jackson S. Patchwork Girl. – Watertown, 1995. 8. McDaid J.G. Uncle Buddy's Phantom Funhouse. – Watertown, 1993. 9. Malloy J. Its name was Penelope. – Watertown, 1993. 10. Joyce M. The Ends of Print Culture. 1991. URL: http://pmc.iath.virginia.edu/text-only/issue.991/joyce.991 11. Bolter J. Writing Space. – New York, 1991. 12. Coover R. The End of Books // The New York Times Book Review. – 1992. June, 21. 13. Joyce M. Disappearance. Boulder, 2012; Joyce M. Going the Distance. N.Y., 2013; Joyce M. Twentieth Century Man. Los Angeles, 2014. 14. Danielewski M.Z. House of Leaves. – New York, 2000. 15. Foer S.J. Tree of Codes. – London, 2010. 16. Landow G.P. Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. – Baltimore, 1991. 17. Hayles N.K. Writing Machines. – Cambridge, 2002. 18. Hayles N.K. Electronic Literature: new horizons for the literary. – South Bend, 2008. 19. Hansen M.B.N. The Digital Topography of Mark Danielewski's \"House of Leaves\" // Contemporary Literature. – 2004. – Vol. 45. No. 4. 20. Pressman J. \"House of Leaves\": Reading the Netrorked Novel// Studies in American Fiction. – 2006. – Vol. 34. No. 1. 21. Микеладзе Н.Э. Междисциплинарный подход в изучении и преподавании зарубежной литературы XX века // Зарубежная литература в журналистском образовании (опыт преподавания и изучения). – Москва, 2010. – С. 145. 22. Микеладзе Н.Э. Черты гипертекстуальности в произведениях Милорада Павича // Литература в системе искусств: методология междисциплинарных исследований. – Санкт-Петербург, 2000. – С. 84−87. 23. Cottrell S. A Conversation with Mark Danielewski. URL: http://www.randomhouse.com/boldtype/0400/danielewski/interview.html 24. Danielewski M.Z. House of Leaves. – New York, 2000. 25. Danielewski M.Z. The Fifty Year Sword. – New York, 2012. 26. Wagner E. \"Tree of Codes\": a true work of art // The Times. – 2010. November, 13."]}

Employing a two-by-two factorial design that manipulates whether dictator groups are single or mixed-sex and whether procedures are single or double-blind, we examine gender effects in a standard dictator game. No gender effect was found in any of the experimental treatments. Moreover, neither single- versus mixed-sex groups nor level of anonymity had any impact on either male or female behavior.

In experimental observations of the relationship between the electric current generated and the distance of the light source on the Planck constant device, it can show a comparison between the electric current generated and the variable distance of the light source. The experimental equipment specifications use the Planck constant experimental set with a 12v/35w tungsten halogen lamp, output 15v, accuracy +-0.2%, power requirement 220V, fuse rating 0.5A and red filter. Experiments using the concept of the photoelectric effect phenomenon begin by irradiating metal materials with constant photon light and then the light passes through a red light filter with a wavelength of 635 nm. The use of a filter is done by placing a 635 nm light filter on the light propagation path to the metal material, so that the light that passes through the filter is only light with a wavelength of 635 nm. The choice of the red filter is due to the fact that the frequency of light with a wavelength of 635 nm can cause electrons to come out of the metal as a result of photons hitting electrons in the metal. After the metal material is irradiated with photon light, the electron charges on the metal will be disturbed and come out of the metal. The movement of these electrons produces an electric current whose value can be seen. By testing distances of 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 cm, the results of a current value of 0.528 are obtained; 0.382; 0.295; 0.232; 0.182 and 0.154. From these experiments it was shown that the further away the light source, the smaller the electric current generated due to the light. This is because the closer the distance to the light source, the more light intensity hitting the metal, this results in a greater number of photons hitting the metal.

The purpose of the proposed work is to analyze the status of the collection Nea-lit (1993–1994) in Belarusian literary process of the 1990s. The research material is the layout of this book from the private archive of the poet Viktar Zhybul. Such literary record has not yet been made public or put into scientific circulation.The peculiarities of Nea-lit are illuminated in the general conceptual, textual and genre-stylistic aspects.Among other things, the anthology manifested the crystallization of new literature. In addition, the collection included versions of poems by Sierzh Minskievich, Illia Sin, Alies Turovich, different from later publications. In the end, Nea-lit became a platform for searching for actual imaginative language. Within the project of the book radical translogical experiments and unusual genre of ‘panphile’ were outlined, images of urban space with accentuated motifs of corporeality prevailed. Celem proponowanej pracy jest analiza statusu zbioru Nea-lit (1993–1994) w białoruskim procesie literackim lat dziewięćdziesiątych. Materiałem badawczym jest makieta tej książki z prywatnego archiwum poety Wiktara Żybula. Taki dokument literacki nie został jeszcze upubliczniony ani wprowadzony do obiegu naukowego.Właściwości Nea-litu są wyjaśnione w aspektach ogólnokonceptualnym, tekstologicznym i gatunkowo-stylistycznym.Między innymi rzeczami antologia manifestowała krystalizację nowej literatury. Ponadto w zbiorze znalazły się odmienne od późniejszych publikacji warianty wierszy Sierża Minskiewicza, Illi Sina, Aliesia Turowicza. W końcu Nea-lit został platformą do poszukiwania aktualnego języka artystycznego. W ramach projektu książki zarysowano radykalne eksperymenty translogiczne i niezwykły gatunek „panfilu”, zaprezentowano dominowanie obrazów przestrzeni miejskiej z zaakcentowanymi motywami cielesności. Цель предлагаемой работы – проанализировать статус сборника Неалит (1993–1994) в белорусском литературном процессе 1990-х гг. Материал исследования составляет макет этой книги из личного архива поэта Виктора Жибуля. Ранее соответствующий документ не был обнародован и введен в научный оборот.Особенности Нэа-літа освещаются в обще концептуальном, текстологическом и жанрово-стилистическом аспектах.Среди прочего, мини-антология продемонстрировала кристаллизацию новой литературы. Кроме того, в сборник вошли варианты стихотворений Сержа Минскевича, Ильи Сина, Алеся Туровича, отличные от более поздних публикаций. В итоге Нэа-літ стал площадкой для поиска актуального художественного языка. В рамках макета издания наметились радикальные транслогические эксперименты, сформировался нестандартный жанр «панфиль», проявилось преобладание образов городского пространства с подчеркнутыми мотивами телесности.

The most severe and difficult to treat symptoms of generalized periodontitis associated with diabetes mellitus are changes in bone tissue. The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative study of the mineral density and chemical composition of the mandibular bone tissue in rats in the modeling of generalized periodontitis, which develops against the background of metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and after additional use of strontium ranelate. The study was carried out on 24 white male Wistar rats weighing 230-250g, divided into three groups, 8 animals in each (in I group streptozocin and nicotinamide were administered, in II group - additionally penicylamine, in III group – additionally strontium ranelate) and 6 intact rats were used as a control. According to data of computer tomography, it was found that in the control group the average values of the mineral density are 1450.0±125.0HU, in I group – 1320.0±120.0HU (p>0.05), in II group –1100.0±110.0HU (p˂0.05), in III group –1400.0±137.0HU (p>0.05). Thus, the most pronounced decrease in mineral density is observed in the case of the combined use of nicotinamide, streptozotocin and penicylamine, while strontium ranelate helps to normalize this indicator. According to atomic emission spectrometry, the mineralization index – the ratio of calcium/phosphorus – was 1.14 in the control group, 1.05 – in I, 1.0 – in II and 1.26 – in III. The strontium content in the samples of the IIIgroup exceeded the control values by almost two times (p˂0.001) in comparison with its significant decrease in the samples of the I and II groups (p˂0.05). An increase in the strontium content led to a decrease in the content of other elements, which is explained by the competitive substitution in apatite crystals. So, strontium ranelate activates remineralization of the bone component of the periodontium.

Buildings are responsible for over a third of energy consumption worldwide, particularly due to the increasing demand for air-conditioners in response to the more extreme heat around the globe. It is imperative to move towards more energy-efficient space cooling alternatives. The integration of phase change material (PCM) with radiant chilled ceilings (RCC) is a promising technology due to its benefits regarding energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality. This article presents a field study conducted on a newly-developed PCM embedded radiant chilled ceiling (PCM-RCC) installed in a stand-alone cabin located in Melbourne. The study evaluates the thermal and energy performance of the system through investigations of the transient thermal behaviour of PCM panels in charging-discharging cycles, the indoor comfort conditions, and the electricity peak demand. It was observed that the proposed PCM-RCC can provide satisfactory comfort conditions and contribute to load shifting if a refined operating strategy is applied. The efficiency of PCM recharge overnight depends on several factors that need to be carefully considered in design. The challenges related to the implementation of optimal operating dynamic schedules in response to the thermal behaviour of PCM-RCC, and accurate weather forecasting should be addressed to realise the full potential of this technology.

The abstract is available here: https://uscholar.univie.ac.at/o:1631014

Подано огляд та аналіз кількох найпоширеніших методів та алгоритмів виявлення і відстеження об’єктів. Окремий випадок використання техніки відстеження об’єктів може виникнути під час лабораторного дослідження поведінки тварин. Різні експериментальні умови та необхідність збирання певних корисних даних можуть потребувати спеціальних методів відстеження. Тому розглянуто набір загальних підходів до відстеження об’єктів, а їх функціональність та можливості перевірено в реальному експерименті. Наведено їх основу та базові аспекти. Експеримент продемонстрував переваги та недоліки досліджуваних методів. Зроблено висновки та рекомендації щодо випадків їх використання. This article presents an overview of several most common techniques and approaches for object detection and tracking. Today, the tracking task is a very common problem and it can appear in many aspects of our life. One particular case of using object tracking techniques can appear during a lab animal behavior study. Different experimental conditions and the need of certain data collection can require some special tracking techniques. Thus, a set of general approaches to object tracking techniques were considered, and their functionality and possibilities were tested in a real life experiment. In this paper, their basis and main aspects are presented. The experiment has demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of the studied methods. Considering this, conclusions and recommendations to their usage cases were made.

Purpose Soil diaspore banks of bryophytes are poorly known in tundra grasslands, yet can be important for the maintenance of local bryophyte assemblages. We examined the effects of fertilization and grazing exclusion on above-ground bryophyte assemblages and soil diaspore banks in a tundra grassland. Methods We collected soil diaspore samples and recorded the cover of above-ground bryophytes from a full-factorial experiment with NPK fertilization and grazing exclusion treatments (a Nutrient Network site in NW Finland). Soil diaspore samples were germinated on trays in a greenhouse. We analyzed the compositions of diaspore bank assemblages and of above-ground assemblages and assessed their responses to the experimental treatments. Results The diaspore bank contained c. 50% of taxa found in above-ground assemblages; 26 bryophyte taxa germinated from the diaspore bank, while 40 taxa were found in the above-ground assemblages. These communities had distinct species compositions: the diaspore bank was dominated by Pohlia nutans, while above-ground assemblages were dominated by several species. NPK fertilization and grazing exclusion had negative effects on bryophyte richness and cover in above-ground assemblages, and weaker effects on these responses in the diaspore bank. Conclusion Soil diaspore banks comprise about half of the bryophyte taxa encountered in above-ground assemblages. Bryophyte diaspore banks are more buffered against nutrient enrichment and grazing exclusion than above-ground assemblages, suggesting that diaspore banks may enhance persistence and recovery of local bryophyte assemblages from environmental changes.

Real-life risk decisions are taken in a social context. However, we still know little about how that affects risk decisions. We have experimentally investigated the effect of social comparison on risk taking. We designed an experiment that allows us to isolate social comparison from other channels whereby the social context can affect risk decisions. The design also allows us to find impacts of the social reference point both if the individual cares about the distance to the social reference point and if she cares about her rank. Thus, we compare risk-taking in isolation to risk-taking with various exogenously imposed social reference points. We find that risk-taking is affected by the desire to get ahead of others, both when the social reference point is within reach (rank can be affected) and when it is out of reach (rank cannot be affected). Our results suggest that people do not only care about rank but also care about the distance to the social reference point.

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the effect of cultural alignment and value congruency between children and founder on intergenerational succession and on the observation of family optimal outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA game-theoretical approach is used to develop a sequential game modeling the strategic interactions behind successor selection. The authors test its main predictions by conducting an experiment with 75 subjects.FindingsA theoretical prediction that misalignment between children and founder leads to outcomes without intergenerational succession, or to outcomes with intergenerational succession that are not family optimal. These predictions are buttressed by our experiment, which also found evidence that the family optimal outcome is focal when there are multiple equilibria.Research limitations/implicationsNo light is thrown on the sources of cultural (mis)alignment, but only on some of its consequences. Further studies of a different nature are needed to better understand the former.Practical implicationsCultural diffusion and value congruency within the family should be timely fostered to promote harmony during the succession process and raise the chances of successful succession.Originality/valueThe cultural alignment and value congruency between incumbent and successors is treated as shaping the incentives that both types of agents face in the successor-selection process. Further, experimental techniques have not been used to test the results obtained in games exploring issues in family firm succession. This paper aims to begin filling this gap.

One promise of computational decision support is enabling better solutions in interactions and social exchange by supporting human strengths (e.g. intuitive decision-making) with formal procedures. This study investigates whether mathematical post-negotiation procedures can guide parties to an efficient negotiation result and thus overcome the shortcomings of human-only approaches in the situation of power asymmetry. The results show that (a) an increase in power by means of a rise in issue authority for one of the two parties does not lead to an increase in humans’ negotiation efficiency, (b) the use of mathematical post-negotiation procedures eminently improves the overall results and (c) the powerful party is likely to benefit most from applying a neutral post-negotiation procedure. These differences highlight that power in commercial negotiations does not compensate for insufficient negotiation skills or efforts in the empowered party. On the contrary, unbalanced power decreases the likelihood of success. Despite the ability to prevail because of power, the post-negotiation procedure reveals options advantageous for both parties.

Chương trình giáo dục phổ thông mới được xây dựng theo định hướng phát triển phẩm chất và năng lực của học sinh, trong đó phương pháp dạy học cần phát huy được tính tích cực, tự lực và sáng tạo, phát triển năng lực hành động, năng lực cộng tác làm việc của người học. Các phương pháp dạy học tích cực đều có đặc điểm chung là tăng cường hoạt động theo nhóm và có sự hỗ trợ đa dạng của phương tiện dạy học. Vì vậy, việc trang bị phương tiện dạy học trong đó có thiết bị thí nghiệm là một điều cần thiết. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi xây dựng một số bài thí nghiệm trực diện được sử dụng trong phần Điện thuộc chủ đề “Năng lượng và sự biến đổi” trong chương trình môn Khoa học tự nhiên. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các bộ thí nghiệm được xây dựng có kích thước nhỏ gọn, dễ sử dụng, độ bền cao; các hiện tượng được quan sát rõ ràng và kết quả thí nghiệm ổn định, rõ ràng và dễ đọc, có tính khả thi khi sử dụng trong quá trình dạy học phần Điện thuộc chủ đề “Năng lượng và sự biến đổi” trong chương trình môn Khoa học tự nhiên., {"references":["Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo (2018). Chương trình giáo dục phổ thông môn Khoa học tự nhiên, Hà Nội","Nguyễn Đức Thâm (Chủ biên), Nguyễn Ngọc Hưng & Phạm Xuân Quế (2003). Phương pháp dạy học Vật lí ở trường phổ thông, NXB Đại học Sư phạm","Nugroho, S.E. & Waslam (2019). Physics experiment activities to stimulate interest in learning physics and reasoning in high school students, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 6th International Conference on Mathematics, Science, and Education"]}

The article discusses some existing methods of minimizing distress of laboratory animals during the experiment. The author describes the principles of treating experimental subjects. Special attention is paid to the correct ways of fixing animals. In conclusion, the importance of using the methods described above is substantiated., {"references":["Красильщикова М.С., Семушина С.Г. Руководство по работе с лабораторными животными для сотрудников ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, занятых проведением доклинических испытаний [Электронный ресурс]// Виварий: услуги и условия содержания животных. Москва: РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова, 2015. URL: https://rsmu.ru/fileadmin/templates/DOC/Vivarium/Ruk_IACUC_RSMU.pdf (дата обращения: 25.12.2022)","Avoiding, Minimizing, and Alleviating Distress [Электронный ресурс]// Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2018. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK4039/ (дата обращения: 20.12.2022)","Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Eighth edition [Электронный ресурс]// National Institutes of Health – Washington (DC): The National Academies Press, 2021 URL: https://olaw.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Guide-for-the-Care-and-Use-of-Laboratory-Animals.pdf (дата обращения: 05.01.2023)","Varga O.E., Hansen A.K., Sandoe P., Ollsson I.A.S. Validation animal models for prediclinical research: a scintific and ethical discussion [Электронный ресурс]// ATLA, vol.38, No.3, 2010, pp.245-248. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64509 (дата обращения: 05.01.2023)"]}

This project investigates the effect of mobility perceptions and exposure to poverty on attitudes towards welfare policies.

Previous studies have examined social loafing in an idea generation task (uses of a knife) by recruiting students for on-site experiments (Szymanski & Harkins, 1985; White et al., 1995). In these studies, they found out that people who were promised a comparison with previous participatns or even given a goal standard, performed significantly better as they should in accordance with goal-setting theory. However, we may ask how such goal-setting and social loafing would differ if respondents work on a task that is closer and more sensible in the context of their usual work. Therefore, we adjusted the experiment to a transcription task in order to test the previous results on a sample of Prolific respondents, employed in a desk job where they write or transcribe on a PC or laptop.

In this study, we investigate how partisan motivations shape voters’ reactions to a political scandal by drawing on a unique survey experiment fielded immediately after Justin Trudeau’s brownface/blackface scandal broke during the 2019 Canadian election. We thus explore motivated reasoning in real time in a competitive and highly partisan election context. Are voters more willing to forgive politicians for past behavior when their own party leader’s impropriety is cued? To what extent do personal interests, such as cross-pressures or electoral concerns, affect the motivation to forgive? Our findings show that partisan-motivated reasoning is overwhelmingly powerful, producing politically biased judgments of politicians implicated in scandals. Furthermore, voters’ willingness to forgive scandals is also influenced by “strategic” considerations, in that preferences over which political party wins or loses in the election affect opinions about whether someone should be forgiven or whether the scandal is considered important at all. However, we find no evidence that personal involvement in the issue raised by the scandal conditions partisan motivations. We posit that the environment—in this case, a competitive election—is an important consideration for understanding the extent and limits of partisan-motivated reasoning.

This preregistration gives information about our study on the role of indispensability in opposition to Frexit among Dutch people. We want to examine whether perceived functional indispensability and perceived identity indispensability of a group that wants to separate from the larger whole is associated with a stronger opposition to separation (attitudes) and indirectly to stronger willingness to engage in collective action against separation (protest behavior). We will test this in the context of a possible Frexit - the departure of France from the European Union, and from the perspective of the Dutch people.

Transparency and peer control are widely regarded as cornerstones of good scientific practice and are deemed crucial for the successful advancement of the scientific endeavor. Still, code/syntax sharing that allows the reproduction or replication of findings seems to be the exception rather than the rule among social scientists. This project deploys an experimental design to investigate the determinants of authors' willingness to share research code for published results. Varying the wording of an e-mailed code request, we will contact 1207 authors who published articles based on data from the European Social Survey (ESS) between 2015 and 2020. This will enable us not only to estimate aggregate levels of code sharing in the social sciences but also to tease out specific factors that increase or inhibit authors' willingness to share.

This study will experimentally test the differences between symbolic and instrumental disruptive action and test potential mechanisms. Specifically, the present study examines whether symbolic and instrumental disruptive action are perceived to have different goals (i.e., raising awareness vs. resolving an issue), and whether these goals inform people’s understanding of the status quo and the social movement. We focus our attention to the potential of symbolic disruptive action to elicit pluralistic ignorance, and the potential of instrumental disruptive action to elicit collective efficacy.

Following the recent findings in the literature suggesting that non-evidential considerations (e.g., individual’s moral obligations to others) influence people’s everyday evaluations of others’ beliefs, we ask in this study, whether people would be considered as disloyal to their team or organization when they are not “appropriately biased” in their predictions and/or reading of facts. Here people are shown passages describing the third party predicting the future, one focusing on a sports team and fans, another focusing on a fictional organization and employees, and another focusing on a political party and interns.

Previous research has found that the presence of eyes or an eyes-like image can increase the incidence of pro-social behavior. This project asks this Eyes Effect depends on the emotional state of the eyes, the capacity of the decision maker to accurately interpret those eyes, and the presence of a beneficiary other than the decision maker. Our 3x2 experimental design considers three Eyes conditions (positive eyes, negative eyes, flowers) and two recipient conditions (charity, rule). Using results from the prior literature as a guide, we predict that there will be an Eyes Effect for both sets of eyes, that the effect will be stronger for the positive eyes under the charity condition but stronger for the negative eyes under the rule condition, and that effect will be stronger for those with stronger theory-of-mind ability.

Giving individuals the opportunity to sort should naturally create sorting behavior. We thus intend to quantify, based on the weight of waste, the extent to which the simple installation of recycling bins enables individuals to sort their waste. To do that, we will create two experimental groups, one “control group” and one where classic bins will be exchanged with sorting kiosks (i.e., the “change group”). We will collect data from twenty bins on a university campus during four weeks (with 3 measures per week). The first two weeks, all bins will offer only one waste stream called “household waste” (i.e., non-recyclable). The next two weeks, we will randomly change half of those bins into sorting kiosks with four types of waste stream (i.e., household waste, plastic, cardboard/paper and metal).

As medical errors can have significant negative effects on patients’ health and the costs of health systems, there is substantial interest in understanding causes of error for developing prevention interventions (Van Den Bos et al., 2011; Keers et al., 2013). Interdisciplinary research on decision making under uncertainty found that medical errors can occur because of physicians using heuristics that employ a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal or rational (Aberegg et al., 2005; Berner & Graber, 2008; Payne & Crowley, 2008; Neumann et al., 2011; Saposnik et al., 2017). While observational studies have suggested that physicians tend to follow the prescription and therapeutic recommendation of colleagues rather than making their own informed decision (Yang et al., 2014; Saposnik et al., 2017), experimental investigations are needed to assess to what extent recommendations by colleagues influence physicians’ decision making. This planned study aims to examine in a web-based experiment with 500 primary care physicians whether they follow incorrect recommendations given by their peers. In the experiment, the recommendation can come from a fellow physician or a consultant. The study will constitute an important step toward understanding the role of social information in prescribing errors. It will be the first study to use an experimental design to investigate the effects of social influences on physicians’ prescribing decisions. While the study will be performed in the primary care setting and focus on prescription behaviour, future studies can use the study design as a starting point to assess herding-like behaviour in different medical contexts and with different samples. The findings of the study could also have practical ethical and legal implications if herding-like behaviour is observed.

IntroductionMisophonia is a recently defined disorder in which certain aversive repetitive sounds and associated stimuli elicit distressing and impairing affective, behavioral, and physiological responses. The responses in misophonia may be stronger when the sound is produced by close friends and family, suggesting that the context in which a triggering cue occurs may have an important role in misophonia. As such, the goal of this study was to test experimentally whether the context of the sound source influences affective and psychophysiological responses to triggering stimuli in misophonia.MethodsSixty one adults with misophonia and 45 controls listened to audio recordings (8 s) of human eating, animals eating, and human mouth smacking sounds (without eating). After a break, the same audio recordings were presented embedded within videos of human eating (congruent stimuli), animals eating (congruent stimuli), and, in the mouth smacking condition, with visually incongruent stimuli (hands playing in mud or in a bowl with a watery dough). Psychophysiological responses—skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate (HR), and self-reported affective responses (valence, arousal, dominance) were gathered during the experiment in a laboratory.ResultsParticipants with misophonia assessed all the stimuli as more negative and arousing than the controls, and reported feeling less dominant with respect to the sounds. Animal and mouth smacking sounds were assessed by all the participants as less negative and arousing than human eating sounds, but only in the audio-video conditions. SCR data partially confirmed increased psychophysiological arousal in misophonia participants during an exposure to mouth sounds, but did not reflect the self-report changes in response to different contexts. Misophonia participants had deeper deceleration of HR than controls during human eating sound with congruent video stimuli, while there was no group difference during human mouth smacking with incongruent video stimuli.ConclusionResults suggest that the context of mouth sounds influences affective experiences in adults with misophonia, but also in participants without misophonia. Presentation of animal eating sounds with congruent visual stimuli, or human mouth smacking sounds with incongruent stimuli, decreased self-report reaction to common misophonic triggers.

O experimento do canhão de Gauss é notável por sua transversalidade dentro de conceitos relevantes para a Física. Ele é simples, rápido, de fácil execução e com um rico conteúdo de mecânica e magnetismo para ser observado. Possui uma construção acessível, feita com algumas esferas de aço e ímãs posicionados linearmente sobre um trilho. Considerando essas vantagens, este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico e experimental do canhão do Gauss para a aplicação em sala de aula utilizando os conceitos de magnetismo, cinemática e princípios da conservação da energia e conservação do momento linear. O desenvolvimento foi feito baseado em modelos educacionais da conservação da energia do canhão de Gauss e ampliado para apresentar um modelo que utilizasse o princípio de conservação do momento linear e a energia potencial do ímã. O resultado final foi a obtenção de uma equação para a velocidade de ejeção, que pôde ser testada experimentalmente, e que se mostrou capaz de abarcar mais configurações das esferas e ímãs que as dos trabalhos observados na literatura, inclusive com a obtenção de valores de velocidade mais precisos. The magnetic cannon (Gauss cannon or Gauss rifle) experiment is notable for its cross-disciplinary nature within relevant physics concepts. It is simple, quick, and easy to execute, with a rich supply of mechanics and magnetism to be observed. It has an easy-to-use structure made of a few steel spheres positioned linearly on a rail. Taking these advantages into account, this paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the Gauss cannon for classroom application using magnetism, kinematics, and energy and momentum conservation principles. The development was based on educational models of energy conservation in the Gauss cannon and was expanded to present a model that uses the principles of linear energy conservation and the potential energy of the magnets. The end result was the acquisition of an ejection velocity equation that could be tested experimentally. It was capable of accommodating more sphere configurations than the two works observed in the literature, and furthermore, it presents a more accurate values.

The central purpose of this research is to clarify the relationship between depression and self-attention. The value in answering this question is that it has significant implications on how specific symptoms of depression could be treated psychologically and where in the brain there may be disordered functioning. The neurocognitive literature exploring ‘self in depression’ has produced contradictory and inconclusive findings in the exploration of the relationship between depression and self-attention. This may be due to research classifying participants as ‘depressed’ with very little attention to the specific depressive symptoms and therefore disorder subtypes. Research on non-clinical populations consistently shows that people have an attentional bias to information about themselves. This is the case even if this information is linked to them tenuously; for example, an arbitrary geometric shape associated with them. Studies have found results indicating that people with depression have higher than average attention to self, lower than average attention to self and no difference from controls. By using detailed psychometric questionnaires in tandem with an experimental design, this project can provide novel and useful insights into how depressive symptoms are related to self-attention bias. One of the ways to evaluate the specific symptomatic expression of depression is to use an index called Beck’s depression inventory (BDI-II). The scores on the BDI-II form two distinct clusters: cognitive and somatic affective. These two clusters have been robustly validated as accurately representing these types of symptoms by several meta-analyses. Gaining insight into the relationship between self-related attention and symptom clusters can help indicate if, for example, aberrant self-attention is predominantly a maladaptive internal self-representation (somatic) or, ‘self’ maladaptively construe in the emotional domain (cognitive). In addition to clarifying this relationship, this research will also provide insight into what aspect of the ‘self’ people with depression focus on (good aspects/bad aspects). The relationship between psychological characteristics and self-referential processing will be analysed using statistical analysis. This project will, however, further implement the use of Machine Learning (ML) to explore the utility of the experimental data in predicting symptoms as a potential diagnostic tool.

We test in an experimental approach whether the congruence of expectation to claim or grant influence in interplay with the respective willingness to claim or grant influence between leaders and followers has an effect on follower outcomes. In this experimental study, we take a follower`s perspective and collect data from participants with ascribed follower roles.

This project studies the effect of regulated emotions on protest demobilization. Note this is Study 1 presented in the manuscript (for expository purposes, we have changed the order of Studies 1 and 2 in the manuscript).

Die Entwicklung einer scientific literacy for all stellt die Zielsetzung eines inklusiven naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts dar, in dem Lernende neben Fachinhalten auch fächerübergreifende Kompetenzen erwerben. Insbesondere der Prozess der naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinnung, der einhergeht mit dem Erwerb und der Anwendung naturwissenschaftstypischer Denk- und Arbeitsweisen, eröffnet vielfältige Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für digitale Medien, um im Prozess immanente Barrieren zu minimieren. Ausgehend vom NinU-Schema wird das didaktische Wirkungsfeld digitaler Medien im inklusiven naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht mit Fokus auf das Experimentieren in diesem Beitrag theoretisch umrissen sowie Einstellungen und die resultierende Unterrichtspraxis von Lehrkräften innerhalb dieses Feldes dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse verschiedener Projekte zeigen, dass, obwohl der Einsatz digitaler Medien beim Experimentieren bereits Einzug in die naturwissenschaftliche Unterrichtspraxis gefunden hat, das Potenzial einiger Medien für eine inklusive Unterrichtsgestaltung bisher noch nicht ausgeschöpft bzw. beachtet wird. Beispiele hierfür sind die Nutzung von eBooks zur Verständnisunterstützung von Experimentieranleitungen sowie die Einbindung von Experimentiervideos, um die Planungs-, Durchführungs- und Auswertungsphase beim Experimentieren zu unterstützen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Social scientists are increasingly asked to engage in social and political outreach. That is, we are asked to communicate the results of our research to a wider public and to inform policy; after all tax money pays for that research. However, does such outreach work change public opinion and policy preferences? Research on motivated reasoning (Kunda, 1990) would suggest that the effect of outreach is rather limited especially for people with strong or crystallized attitudes. The reason for this are two cognitive processes (Taber & Lodge, 2006). According to the prior attitude effect, strong prior attitudes make us more likely to regard confirming evidence as compelling and convincing. Yet, if we are presented with evidence that runs counter our prior held beliefs, we spent extra effort to counterargue that evidence. Moreover, politically more sophisticated people are more likely to spend particularly strong effort to counter argue, because their sophistication equips them with a lot of knowledge to do so. In this study, we test these ideas by randomly exposing German respondents with native-born parents to one of overall three news articles. Two news articles report about recent social science research on ethnic discrimination and penalties on the German labor market. The third article serves as control condition and reports about new photos that astrophysicists shot of the planet Venus. We analyze the effect of the above experiment on support for anti-discrimination policies at the workplace. A second goal of our study is to study the cognitive process of motivated reasoning more carefully by also investigating how participants rate the credibility of the research findings and whether they support or critique of the role of science in society. In particular, we want to study if exposure to a news article on social science research leads them to support/question the credibility of that particular research and thereby to support or question the importance of science in society more generally. Importantly we will stratify the sample by respondents’ self-placement on the left-right scale, empathy, non-ethnicity related discrimination experiences in everyday life, and their political sophistication.

Studies show that healthy and open communication patterns within the family are associated with the ways people manage their emotions (Badie et al., 2020; Cheung & Park, 2010; Jones et al., 2017). We found similar findings in a previous study (preregistered here https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HMUE6) where we asked participants to remember an event that represents how their family members typically interact with each other and then gave them task that required them to regulate their emotions. We found that the quality of communication significantly predicted the effectiveness with which people regulate their emotions, such that participants who described an event characterised by good communication evidenced better emotion regulation than participants who described an event characterised by poor communication. However, this finding is based on a quasi-experimental approach, leaving open the possibility that participants who were good at regulating their emotions were also more likely to recall (or have) family interactions characterised by good communication. The current study therefore adopts an experimental approach in which participants are randomly assigned to instructions directing them to remember family events characterised by good vs. poor communication before assessing their regulation of emotional responses to disturbing images.

This is study 2 in this project. A previous study explored the effects of AI performance superiority in the context of automated face detection. The current experiment will do the same in the context of AI image generation. In the current study, participants are challenged to identify whether a painting is human-made or AI generated. The general question is: how will interacting with AI, and defeating it or losing to it, affect our sense of agency, feelings of superiority, and evaluation of the AI?

In January 2023, Chinese state media extensively covered the South Korean government's decision to subject Chinese travelers to extra scrutiny after the Chinese government relaxed COVID restrictions. This behavior appears to have been limited to state media outlets, suggesting that it was part of a coordinated rhetorical strategy by the government. However, we do not know how this type of media behavior affects public opinion in China. Specifically, we want to answer the question: can nationalism protect autocracies from public backlash after policy failures? To answer this question, we plan to conduct a randomized experiment with Chinese subjects. We will expose them to two different treatments. In one treatment, we will try to create nationalistic sentiment. In the other treatment, we will provide information about the consequences of China's relaxation of Coronavirus restrictions. We will then analyze the data to determine whether the nationalistic treatment protects the government's image from negative impacts of policy failures. Understanding the relationship between nationalism and public opinion is important, particularly for autocratic regimes. This study could have implications for how such regimes manage public opinion during times of crisis.

Is past information useful if future is unpredictable? With regard to revenue guarantee,the answer is yes. Mirrokni et al. (2020) introduce a new family of mechanisms called”non-clairvoyant dynamic mechanisms” that can that can achieve at least a constantproportion of optimal dynamic results by preventing sellers from using any knowledgeabout the future. In their model, when the future distribution has high variability, thenon-clairvoyant dynamic mechanism outperforms the repeated optimal static mecha-nisms. We propose an experiment design to test the performance of the non-clairvoyantdynamic mechanism. We further investigate the role of incentive compatibility and in-dividual rationality in the performance of non-clairvoyant mechanism.

Project to examine public figures and emotion regulation