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3. Hydroclimate changes in eastern Africa over the past 200,000 years may have influenced early human dispersal

Author

Stephan Opitz, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Walter Duesing, Ralf Vogelsang, Melanie J. Leng, Christine Lane, Frank Schaebitz, Jonathan R. Dean, Alan L. Deino, Andrew S. Cohen, Helen M. Roberts, Finn Viehberg, Martin H. Trauth, Melissa S. Chapot, Céline Vidal, Asfawossen Asrat, Henry F. Lamb, Verena Foerster, Annett Junginger, Ralph Tiedemann, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, Asrat, Asfawossen [0000-0002-6312-8082], Lamb, Henry F. [0000-0003-0025-0766], Foerster, Verena [0000-0002-3480-5769], Opitz, Stephan [0000-0003-0416-542X], Viehberg, Finn A. [0000-0003-0253-2222], Junginger, Annett [0000-0003-3486-0888], Ramsey, Christopher Bronk [0000-0002-8641-9309], Chapot, Melissa S. [0000-0001-7945-0175], Lane, Christine S. [0000-0001-9206-3903], Roberts, Helen M. [0000-0001-9649-2377], Vidal, Céline [0000-0002-9606-4513], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Asrat, A [0000-0002-6312-8082], Lamb, HF [0000-0003-0025-0766], Foerster, V [0000-0002-3480-5769], Opitz, S [0000-0003-0416-542X], Viehberg, FA [0000-0003-0253-2222], Junginger, A [0000-0003-3486-0888], Ramsey, CB [0000-0002-8641-9309], Chapot, MS [0000-0001-7945-0175], Lane, CS [0000-0001-9206-3903], Roberts, HM [0000-0001-9649-2377], and Vidal, C [0000-0002-9606-4513]

Subjects
13 Climate Action, 010506 paleontology, Rift, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, article, Climate change, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 704/286, 01 natural sciences, Arid, Geography, Habitat, Lake basin, Paleoclimatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Biological dispersal, Montane ecology, 631/181/414, 704/106/413, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Reconstructions of climatic and environmental conditions can contribute to current debates about the factors that influenced early human dispersal within and beyond Africa. Here we analyse a 200,000-year multi-proxy paleoclimate record from Chew Bahir, a tectonic lake basin in the southern Ethiopian rift. Our record reveals two modes of climate change, both associated temporally and regionally with a specific type of human behavior. The first is a long-term trend towards greater aridity between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago, modulated by precession-driven wet-dry cycles. Here, more favorable wetter environmental conditions may have facilitated long-range human expansion into new territory, while less favorable dry periods may have led to spatial constriction and isolation of local human populations. The second mode of climate change observed since 60,000 years ago mimics millennial to centennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events. We hypothesize that human populations may have responded to these shorter climate fluctuations with local dispersal between montane and lowland habitats.

Published
2021

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