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Throughout Southeast Asia, government agencies are promoting good agricultural practices (GAP) standards for improving food safety, avoiding potential nontariff barriers to exports, and ultimately securing farmers' health and revenues. This paper presents an analysis of the adoption of a public standard in Thailand, the Rice Q-GAP where Q stands for “quality.” In the Central Plains of Thailand, a major rice production area, rice is produced by relatively small farms but with very intensive use of chemical inputs, making it challenging to promote production standards. Our study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of standards and the differences in cultivation practices between adopters and nonadopters. Governmental agencies have organized training activities throughout the country about rice production and Q-GAP standards. That training is likely to have an important influence on Q-GAP adoption. We investigate the potential selection bias in training delivery, using a recursive bivariate probit model whereby training is successively an explanatory variable for the Q-GAP adoption and a variable to be explained. Our model suggests that lack of labor availability is an essential factor related to nonadoption. Belonging to farmers associations and groups is also shown to be an important factor of adoption. Unexpectedly, training has a slight negative effect on Q-GAP adoption. A possible explanation is that when concrete information about the program is delivered, some farmers make an informed decision not to participate; this reinforces the idea that the main factors that could hamper further adoption are not related to information but to real farm constraints and farmers' rational behavior. The paper also found some small but significant differences in terms of farmers' practices related to adoption. The most convincing change is the reduction in the number of pesticide applications by adopters. (Resume d'auteur)

Na Amazônia brasileira, o desmatamento anual vem diminuindo desde 2004, passando de 27.000 km², ele passou para 4.650 km2 em 2011-2012, uma cifra que está próxima da meta do plano nacional de luta contra a mudança climática para 2020, fixada em 3.900 km2. Até 2008, esta diminuição podia ser explicada pela redução das cotações mundiais /dos produtos agrícolas, na medida em que havia menos incentivo para desmatar. Mas, desde então, essa redução vem se mantendo apesar das cotações, o que mostra o impacto do Programa de Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento na Amazônia, lançado em 2004.

Women starting up in agriculture : From gender socialization to training. This article presents an analysis of the mechanisms of gender differentiation in training and careers in agriculture. Although the agricultural profession has gradually opened up to women, the reproduction strategies of families (through socialization, male favouritism in inheritance practices, etc.) represent considerable barriers to their professional choice. In the decision to run their own agricultural businesses, girls can be said to transgress the gender norms of their immediate environment and family background. They use the available opportunities (in the form of access to agricultural training programmes and qualifications, public start-up subsidies, etc.) to meet their professional goals. Rather than conforming to the dominant professional and family norms of the agricultural community, these women invent new styles of behaviour. Their practices reflect an intergenerational change and contribute to the renewal of the social category of female farmers and of the agricultural profession as a whole., Cet article est consacré à l'analyse des mécanismes de la différenciation sexuée dans les parcours de formation et d'installation en agriculture. Si la profession agricole s'est progressivement ouverte aux filles, les stratégies de reproduction des familles (socialisation, privilège accordé aux garçons lors des pratiques successorales, etc.) constituent des obstacles dans leur choix professionnel. En optant pour une carrière de dirigeantes d'entreprises agricoles, les jeunes filles se positionnent en décalage par rapport aux déterminismes de genre de leur environnement socialisateur. Elles utilisent les marges de manœuvre qui s'offrent à elles (accès aux formations, aides à l'installation, etc.) pour aller au bout de leur projet professionnel. Loin de se conformer aux normes professionnelles et conjugales en vigueur dans le monde agricole, elles impulsent de nouvelles dynamiques sur les exploitations. Les comportements qu'elles adoptent témoignent d'une rupture générationnelle et contribuent en cela au renouvellement du groupe social des agricultrices, mais aussi de la profession agricole., Rieu Annie, Dahache Sabrina. S'installer comme agricultrice : sur la socialisation et la formation sexuée en agriculture. In: Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement, N°88, 2008-3. Actualité de la reproduction des groupes sociaux agricoles en France. pp. 71-94.

Avec la décentralisation progressive de la gestion des ressources naturelles dans plusieurs pays d'Asie, il est nécessaire de recourir à des méthodes et à des moyens nouveaux pour permettre des travaux de recherche véritablement interdisciplinaires et fondés sur l'action en matière de gestion intégrée des ressources naturelles (GIRN), de manière à donner aux parties concernées davantage de maîtrise et de pouvoir de décision. Les parties prenantes doivent accéder au savoir, comprendre le problème en cause, acquérir les qualifications et les outils permettant de mieux communiquer et négocier. Elles doivent aussi être capables d'exprimer leurs objectifs divergents, négocier le respect de leurs exigences et, pour finir, adopter et adapter les interventions appropriées, à l'échelle convenable. Les grands défis pour la recherche sont de générer un savoir pertinent en matière de GIRN et les outils pour l'appliquer, et de faciliter la mise en partage, sans contrainte, de ces connaissances entre chercheurs, décideurs, directeurs et usagers de ces ressources. Le présent article met en exergue plusieurs résultats de travaux de recherche participative effectués en ce sens.

Atelier sous-régional ENPARD Machreq, 2015/12/08-09, Le Caire (Egypte). Note introductive. Initiative ENPARD Méditerranée (Commission Européenne)