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A series of 1-[2-(4-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxamido)phenyl]ethyl-substitutedphenyl carbamates (3a–3i) were designed and synthesized, using 4-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, (2-aminophenyl)ethan-1-one, and substituted phenyl isocyanates as starting materials. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. The in vitro fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were evaluated, and the result showed that some compounds displayed moderate antifungal activity with >60% inhibitory rates, among which 1-[2-(4-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxamido)phenyl] ethyl-(2- methyl phenyl)carbamate (3a) and 1-[2-(4-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5- carboxamido)phenyl] ethyl-(3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)carbamate (3g) held inhibitory rates of 69.5% and 70.3% at 100 mg/L, respectively. Molecular docking study showed that 3g can form two hydrogen bonds and a cation-π interaction with succinate dehydrogenase.

White blister rust, caused by the oomycete Albugo candida, is a widespread disease of Brassica crops. The Brassica relative Arabidopsis thaliana uses the paired immune receptor complex CSA1-CHS3/DAR4 to resist Albugo infection. The CHS3/DAR4 sensor NLR, which functions together with its partner, the helper NLR CSA1, carries an integrated domain (ID) with homology to DA1 peptidases. Using domain swaps with several DA1 homologs, we show that the LIM-peptidase domain of the family member CHS3/DAR4 functions as an integrated decoy for the family member DAR3, which interacts with and inhibits the peptidase activities of the three closely related peptidases DA1, DAR1, and DAR2. Albugo infection rapidly lowers DAR3 levels and activates DA1 peptidase activity, thereby promoting endoreduplication of host tissues to support pathogen growth. We propose that the paired immune receptor CSA1-CHS3/DAR4 detects the actions of a putative Albugo effector that reduces DAR3 levels, resulting in defense activation.

The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of work-related psychological and physical stresses on risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).A total of 5651 CVD-free participants older than 50 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe were followed up for 13 years to detect incident CVD. Work-related stress was assessed using job strain and job reward questionnaire. Cox regression model was used to estimate the association.High physical demands (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30) and low reward (HR, 1.19) compared with their counterparts, as well as active physical jobs (HR, 1.41) and high physical strain (HR, 1.45) in comparison with low physical strain were associated with higher risk of incident CVD after adjusting for confounders. However, combining physically stressful jobs with low reward did not further increase the CVD risk.Avoiding physically stressful jobs or providing appropriate reward may reduce the occurrence of CVD.

The late Permian to Early Triassic volcano-sedimentary succession associated with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (LIP) is well preserved in the Binchuan area, Southwest China. This paper presents coupled zircon U-Pb age, trace element, and Hf isotope analyses from the succession, together with whole-rock geochemical compositions, to reveal the origin and evolution of volcanic rocks of the LIP. Zircons from the matrix and a rhyolite clast in the Lower Triassic conglomerate bed yield identical U-Pb ages of ca. 260 Ma and have geochemical affinities to those crystallized from within-plate magmas. These features, combined with the dominance of rhyolite clasts from this horizon, imply a source related to Emeishan silicic volcanic rocks. Zircons from silicic ignimbrite and rhyolite in the upper volcanic succession of the LIP display high eHf(t) values (+4.2 to +12.9), low Th/Nb and U/Yb ratios, and similar eNd(t) values (−0.17 to +0.47) to high-Ti basalts. These chemical and isotopic characteristics are consistent with the eroded silicic volcanic rocks, indicating that the late-stage silicic volcanic rocks were generated by fractionation of high-Ti basaltic magmas without significant crustal contamination. Although the late Permian zircons from the lower and upper low-Ti basalt successions all show arc-like geochemical characteristics with high Th/Nb and U/Yb ratios, the former has much lower eHf(t) values (−11.7 to −3.6) than the latter (+4.4 to +11.6), and the zircons from the upper low-Ti basalt succession show positive eHf(t) values similar to the studied rhyolites. Samples from the lower low-Ti basalt succession have relatively higher eNd(t) values (−2.66 to +3.38) than those from the upper low-Ti basalt succession (−4.48 to −0.82). These geochemical features indicate the early-stage low-Ti basalts may be mainly derived from a previously enriched subcontinental mantle lithosphere, whereas the late-stage low-Ti basalts may be generated from the increasing involvement of asthenospheric mantle source with crustal contamination.

Tuber melanorufum L. Fan sp. nov. (FIG. 2) MycoBank:—MB 846497 Diagnosis:—differed from other species by the large red-brown to blackish ascomata covered with distinctively fine warts and the ascospores ornamented with crowded spine-reticulations. Etymology:— melano, latin, means black; rufum, latin, means red. Referring to the color of ascomata that are red-brown when young and change to blackish to black with age. Typification:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Huize County, in soil under a Pinus forest, 31 Oct 2020, collected by Jinzhong Cao (BJTC FAN1273). Description:— Ascomata 1.6–4.5 cm diam, irregularly globose to subglobose, reddish (#f18f5f) to red brown (#800000) when young, then changing blackish to black (#460707) with age, surface covered with distinctly fine warts, often with some superficial and pale colored furrows. Odor light, favour not recorded. Gleba pale when young, brown (#4e0000) to coffee brown (#670000) at maturity, but never black, marbled with narrow and numerous whitish veins. Peridium 350–400 μm thick, two-layered: outer layer 200–250 μm thick including warts of 30–50 μm high, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose to irregularly shaped cells of 5–15 × 5–20 μm wide, with slightly thickened walls, brown walls at outermost cells; inner layer 150–200 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 2.5– 7.5 μm wide, hyaline thin-walled. Asci subglobose or ovoid, 65–75 × 55–62.5 μm, hyaline, thick-walled of 2.5–3μm, 1–4(–5)-spored, sessile or with a short stalk at maturity. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, usually narrowed in one end, yellow brownish (#a36e12) at maturity, ornamented with densely spine-reticulations of 2.3–3(–5) μm high, negative in Melzer’s reagent, excluding ornamentation, in 1-spored asci 25–57.8 × 15–28.5 μm, Q = 1.24–2.57 (Qm =1.91 ± 0.66) (n = 30), in 2-spored asci 26–51 × 13.6–25.6μm, Q = 1.41–2.62 (Qm =2.02 ± 0.6) (n = 30), in 3-spored asci 22.1–43.9 × 13.3–23.2 μm, Q = 1.18–2.31 (Qm = 1.75 ± 0.56) (n = 30), in 4(–5)-spored asci 17.9–40 × 11.7–21.2 μm, Q = 1–2.45 (Qm = 1.73 ± 0.73) (n = 30). Habit, habitat and distribution: —hypogeous, gregarious, in soil under Pinus forest in Yunnan province, China. Currently known only from China. Specimens examined. CHINA. Yunnan Province: Huize County, in soil under forest of Pinus sp., 21 Oct 2020, collected by Jinzhong Cao (BITC FAN1274, BJTC 1276, BJTC FAN1287)., Published as part of Fu, Hao-Yu & Fan, Li, 2023, Tuber melanorufum and T. tomentellum, two new truffle species from China, pp. 178-190 in Phytotaxa 594 (3) on pages 182-186, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7901081

Tuber tomentellum L. Fan & H.Y. Fu sp. nov. (FIG. 3) MycoBank:—MB 846498 Diagnosis:—differed from other species by the large ascospores reaching 78.55 μm in length and the numerous hyphoid or seta-like hairs on the peridial surface of ascomata. Etymology:— tomentellum, tomemtose, referring to the ascomatal surface covered with short woolly hairs. Typification: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Kunming City, in soil under a Pinus forest, Oct 2020, collected by Jinzhong Cao (BJTC FAN1340) Description:— Ascomata 1.3–2.2 cm, yellow brown (#f4d28d) to grey brown (#654321), surface even and finely tomemtose, with an indistinctly basal depression. Odor mild, flavour not recorded. Gleba brown (#7c2f20) at maturity, marbled with large and rare white veins. Peridium 200–300 μm thick, two-layered: outer layer 150–200 μm thick, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose to irregularly shaped cells of 7.5–32.5 × 5–25 μm, thin-walled, light brown (#f5dbc2) toward outside surface; inner layer 75–150 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 4–7.5 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, septate. Hairs arising from outermost cells of the peridium, two types, hyphoid, flexible, and having obtuse ends, or seta-like, erect, and having sharp ends, 30–90 × 2.5–4 μm, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, 1–3-septa. subglobose or ovoid, 80– 110 × 50–75 μm, hyaline, thin-walled, 1–3-spored, sessile. Ascospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, brown (#a52a2a) at maturity, reticulate, negative in Melzer’s reagent, excluding ornamentation, in 1-spored asci 30–78.5 × 25.7–46 μm, Q = 1.07–1.96 (Qm =1.52 ± 0.45) (n = 30), in 2-spored asci 31.1–64.5 × 26.2–41.4 μm, Q = 1.1–1.75 (Qm =1.43 ± 0.33) (n = 30), in 3-spored asci 29.6–62 × 24.2–38.9 μm, Q = 1.07–1.76 (Qm = 1.42 ± 0.35) (n = 30), reticulum 4–6 μm high, 6–7 meshes across spore width. Habit, habitat and distribution: —hypogeous, gregarious, in soil under a Pinus forest in Yunnan Province, China. Currently, only known from China. Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Dali City, Xiangyun County, in soil under forest of Pinus sp., 21 Oct 2020, Collected by Baoxiang Shi (BITC FAN1330); Kunming City, in soil under a Pinus forest, Oct 2020, collected by Baoxiang Shi (BJTC FAN1346).

Tuber tomentellum L. Fan & H.Y. Fu sp. nov. (FIG. 3) MycoBank:—MB 846498 Diagnosis:—differed from other species by the large ascospores reaching 78.55 μm in length and the numerous hyphoid or seta-like hairs on the peridial surface of ascomata. Etymology:— tomentellum, tomemtose, referring to the ascomatal surface covered with short woolly hairs. Typification: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Kunming City, in soil under a Pinus forest, Oct 2020, collected by Jinzhong Cao (BJTC FAN1340) Description:— Ascomata 1.3–2.2 cm, yellow brown (#f4d28d) to grey brown (#654321), surface even and finely tomemtose, with an indistinctly basal depression. Odor mild, flavour not recorded. Gleba brown (#7c2f20) at maturity, marbled with large and rare white veins. Peridium 200–300 μm thick, two-layered: outer layer 150–200 μm thick, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose to irregularly shaped cells of 7.5–32.5 × 5–25 μm, thin-walled, light brown (#f5dbc2) toward outside surface; inner layer 75–150 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 4–7.5 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, septate. Hairs arising from outermost cells of the peridium, two types, hyphoid, flexible, and having obtuse ends, or seta-like, erect, and having sharp ends, 30–90 × 2.5–4 μm, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, 1–3-septa. subglobose or ovoid, 80– 110 × 50–75 μm, hyaline, thin-walled, 1–3-spored, sessile. Ascospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, brown (#a52a2a) at maturity, reticulate, negative in Melzer’s reagent, excluding ornamentation, in 1-spored asci 30–78.5 × 25.7–46 μm, Q = 1.07–1.96 (Qm =1.52 ± 0.45) (n = 30), in 2-spored asci 31.1–64.5 × 26.2–41.4 μm, Q = 1.1–1.75 (Qm =1.43 ± 0.33) (n = 30), in 3-spored asci 29.6–62 × 24.2–38.9 μm, Q = 1.07–1.76 (Qm = 1.42 ± 0.35) (n = 30), reticulum 4–6 μm high, 6–7 meshes across spore width. Habit, habitat and distribution: —hypogeous, gregarious, in soil under a Pinus forest in Yunnan Province, China. Currently, only known from China. Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Dali City, Xiangyun County, in soil under forest of Pinus sp., 21 Oct 2020, Collected by Baoxiang Shi (BITC FAN1330); Kunming City, in soil under a Pinus forest, Oct 2020, collected by Baoxiang Shi (BJTC FAN1346)., Published as part of Fu, Hao-Yu & Fan, Li, 2023, Tuber melanorufum and T. tomentellum, two new truffle species from China, pp. 178-190 in Phytotaxa 594 (3) on pages 186-187, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7901081

We present sympathetic cooling in an optomechanical system consisting of two coupled cantilevers. The hybridization of the cantilevers creates a symmetric mode, which is feedback cooled, and an anti-symmetric mode not directly controllable by the feedback. The scheme of sympathetic cooling is adopted to cool the anti-symmetric mode indirectly by parametrically coupling to the feedback-cooled symmetric mode, from which the cooling power can be transferred. Experiment shows that the realization of coherent dynamics plays an essential role in sympathetic cooling, in which optimal cooling is achieved when the mechanical dissipation rate and the strength of coupling become comparable. The sympathetic cooling is improved by increasing the strength of mode coupling to enhance the transfer of cooling power. Also, the limit of sympathetic cooling imposed by the capacity of feedback cooling is reached as the effective temperatures of the two modes approach the strong coherent coupling condition. Our research provides the prospect of extending the cooling techniques to coupled mechanical resonators for a broad application in sensing and information processing.

Butyriboletus brunneoides sp. nov. and Bu. sinoregius sp. nov. are described from Shanxi Province of China based on morphology and molecular work. Butyriboletus brunneoides differs from Bu. brunneus by the small to medium basidiome, smooth pileus, and a thin stipe that develops reddish stains near the base. Butyriboletus sinoregius differs from the European B. regius by a basidiome bluing when bruised and a pileus covered with fine tomentum. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, nrLSU, tef1-α and rpb2 sequences support the taxonomic position of the two new species. Illustrated macro- and micro-descriptions are provided along with a key to the Butyriboletus species from China.

Xiaolong Ma,1,* Xiaodong Lv,1,* Sihan Feng,1 Ruishan Liu,2,3 Hao Fu,2 Feng Gao,1 Hao Xu2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors have contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng Gao, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), No. 1882 South Zhonghuan Road, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 573 825 198 70, Fax +86 573 820 830 06, Email guti-gf@163.com Hao Xu, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qing chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571 872 364 23, Fax +86 571 872 364 21, Email xuhao0523@zju.edu.cnPurpose: To investigate the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of the multi-drug resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain recovered from bacteremia.Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by the microdilution method. Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence-associated genes, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and plasmid replicon were characterized by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and nanopore sequencing. S1 nuclease-pulsed field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and Southern blotting were performed to characterize the plasmid profile.Results: The hypervirulent colistin- and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain DY2009 was identified as ST5571, co-carrying mcr-1, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-10. In silico analysis found that it was K2 serotype. AST results revealed that DY2009 was resistant to carbapenems, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and colistin but remained susceptible to aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, and tigecycline. Through the whole-genome analysis, a variety of virulence determinants were identified, including rmpA. Plasmid analysis confirmed that the mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 gene harbored a ∼ 33 kb IncX4 plasmid and a ∼ 44 kb IncX3 plasmid. In contrast, blaOXA-10 was encoded by chromosome.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, we first report the clinical hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolate co-producing MCR-1, NDM-1, and OXA-10 causing bacteremia. We found that mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 genes were located on two self-conjugative epidemic plasmids, contributing to the widespread MCR-1 and NDM-1 in China. The results of this work improve our understanding of the genetic background of colistin- and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolate from bacteremia and the resistance mechanisms. Our findings highlight the urgent need for infection control of such strain to prevent it from becoming an extensive-drug resistant clone.Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, NDM-1, MCR-1, OXA-10, rmpA, bacteremia

Rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes Curtis is a natural predator of several crop pests in the agriculture ecosystem, however, their high intrusion into human settlements caused them to become public health concern due to Paedarus dermatitis infection among humans. The entomopathogenic effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae Mechnikov was tested as biological control towards adults Paederus fuscipes by inoculating on soils. The mortality of P. fuscipes was observed and data were subjected to analysis using ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier method. Results show that P. fuscipes tested with the highest concentration at 1.3 × 1010 conidia/mL exhibited the shortest mean mortality time at 11.0 ± 2.5 days and survival time of 7.6 ± 0.7 days, yet the second-highest concentration exhibited at 2.2 × 109 showed mean mortality of 18.4 ± 4.2 days and survival time of 11.9 ± 0.8 days. Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) pairwise comparison indicated the significant differences between the highest concentration of 1.3 × 1010 with the control (χ2 = 62.3, df=1 p

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and imaging outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) with unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis (SLSS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 50 patients with SLSS treated with UBE-ULBD from October 2018 to March 2021. Visual analog scale (VAS) for back and legs pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), modified Macnab criteria, complications, hospital stay, preoperative and postoperative dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA) and Schizas grade, mean angle of facetectomy and osseous lateral recess decompression rate were examined.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 10.7 months. The mean hospital stay was 2.76 ± 1.02 days. At the final follow-up, VAS for back pain and legs pain decreased from 7.22 ± 0.95 to 1.26 ± 0.44 and from 7.88 ± 0.69 to 1.18 ± 0.39, respectively; ODI decreased from 69.88 ± 6.32% to 14.96 ± 2.75%. According to the modified Macnab criteria, the results were excellent in 24 (48%), good in 22 (44%), and fair in 4 (8%). Excellent or good results (a satisfactory outcome) were obtained in 92% of the patients. There were 2 cases of complications of dural sac tear. The postoperative DSCA was significantly enlarged compared with that before surgery, from 44.74 ± 9.85 to 126.86 ± 14.81 mm2. According to Schizas grade, the stenosis grade changes from preoperative grade C in 16 cases, grade D in 34 cases, to postoperative grade A in 40 cases, and grade B in 10 cases. The mean angle of facetectomy of the ipsilateral facet joint was 70.87 ± 5.68∘, contralateral was 65.07 ± 4.98∘. The decompression rate was 70.81 ± 4.43% (ipsilateral side) and 71.22 ± 3.68% (contralateral).ConclusionsUBE-ULBD has a good clinical effect in the treatment of SLSS, and has achieved satisfactory results in spinal canal enlargement, undercutting of facet joints, and decompression effect. It is a safe and effective surgical for SLSS.

Discriminating the traversability of terrains is a crucial task for autonomous driving in off-road environments. However, it is challenging due to the diverse, ambiguous, and platform-specific nature of off-road traversability. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised terrain traversability learning framework, utilizing a contrastive label disambiguation mechanism. Firstly, weakly labeled training samples with pseudo labels are automatically generated by projecting actual driving experiences onto the terrain models constructed in real time. Subsequently, a prototype-based contrastive representation learning method is designed to learn distinguishable embeddings, facilitating the self-supervised updating of those pseudo labels. As the iterative interaction between representation learning and pseudo label updating, the ambiguities in those pseudo labels are gradually eliminated, enabling the learning of platform-specific and task-specific traversability without any human-provided annotations. Experimental results on the RELLIS-3D dataset and our Gobi Desert driving dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method., Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures

This paper proposes a data-efficient detection method for deep neural networks against backdoor attacks under a black-box scenario. The proposed approach is motivated by the intuition that features corresponding to triggers have a higher influence in determining the backdoored network output than any other benign features. To quantitatively measure the effects of triggers and benign features on determining the backdoored network output, we introduce five metrics. To calculate the five-metric values for a given input, we first generate several synthetic samples by injecting the input's partial contents into clean validation samples. Then, the five metrics are computed by using the output labels of the corresponding synthetic samples. One contribution of this work is the use of a tiny clean validation dataset. Having the computed five metrics, five novelty detectors are trained from the validation dataset. A meta novelty detector fuses the output of the five trained novelty detectors to generate a meta confidence score. During online testing, our method determines if online samples are poisoned or not via assessing their meta confidence scores output by the meta novelty detector. We show the efficacy of our methodology through a broad range of backdoor attacks, including ablation studies and comparison to existing approaches. Our methodology is promising since the proposed five metrics quantify the inherent differences between clean and poisoned samples. Additionally, our detection method can be incrementally improved by appending more metrics that may be proposed to address future advanced attacks., Comment: Published in the IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

In this study, we introduce the concept of a quantum circuit autoencoder to compress and encode information within quantum circuits. Quantum circuit autoencoder also serves as a generalization of the quantum state autoencoder. Our first step involves presenting a protocol for the quantum circuit autoencoder and designing a variational quantum algorithm named QCAE that can implement it. We then explore the conditions necessary for lossless compression and establish an upper bound on the recovery fidelity of QCAE. Furthermore, we identify how the lossless condition enables us to construct a loss function and avoid the Barren Plateau problem. Following the classical autoencoder approach, we apply QCAE to dimension reduction and anomaly detection for quantum circuits. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed quantum circuit autoencoder through numerical simulations. Our results show that QCAE can efficiently compress and recover quantum circuits with high fidelity and identify circuit outliers precisely., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures

For autonomous driving, traversability analysis is one of the most basic and essential tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel LiDAR-based terrain modeling approach, which could output stable, complete and accurate terrain models and traversability analysis results. As terrain is an inherent property of the environment that does not change with different view angles, our approach adopts a multi-frame information fusion strategy for terrain modeling. Specifically, a normal distributions transform mapping approach is adopted to accurately model the terrain by fusing information from consecutive LiDAR frames. Then the spatial-temporal Bayesian generalized kernel inference and bilateral filtering are utilized to promote the stability and completeness of the results while simultaneously retaining the sharp terrain edges. Based on the terrain modeling results, the traversability of each region is obtained by performing geometric connectivity analysis between neighboring terrain regions. Experimental results show that the proposed method could run in real-time and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches., Comment: accepted to Journal of Field Robotics

Background To examine the association of job strain with cognitive ability and the influence of life-course job strain on later life cognitive decline. Methods Data were derived from six waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe. The study sample consists of 13349 participants aged 50 to 98 years at wave 2 and has been followed up for 12-years. Job strain status across working life was assessed using a short demand-control job strain model containing two core dimensions: job demands and job control collected in wave 3. Cognitive abilities concerning episodic memory was assessed by immediate recall and delayed recall tests, executive function was evaluated by verbal fluency test collected in all waves (waves 2–7) except wave 3. Mixed-effects model was used to estimate working life job strain and its cumulative effect on cognitive decline. Results Both passive and high strain jobs were associated with lower levels of cognitive ability (episodic memory and verbal fluency) in comparison with active job. Long exposure to active- or low strain-job was associated with higher cognitive ability whereas long exposure to passive job or moderate duration of high strain job was associated with lower cognitive ability. The rate of memory decline was positively related to moderate duration of passive job and negatively related to long-term exposure to low strain job. Limitations Information on working conditions was based on self-reported recollections. Conclusions Working life variation in job strain status and their duration may explain individual differences in cognitive ability in later life.

The overset grid assembly (OGA) method is an effective computational fluid dynamics technique for the simulation of flows with complex geometries or relative moving parts. Using OGA, the effort for...

Fabrication of superhydrophobic materials using incumbent techniques involves several processing steps and is therefore either quite complex, not scalable, or often both. Here, the development of superhydrophobic surface-patterned polymer–TiO2 composite materials using a simple, single-step photopolymerization-based approach is reported. The synergistic combination of concurrent, periodic bump-like pattern formation created using irradiation through a photomask and photopolymerization-induced nanoparticle (NP) phase separation enables the development of surface textures with dual-scale roughness (micrometer-sized bumps and NPs) that demonstrate high water contact angles, low roll-off angles, and desirable postprocessability such as flexibility, peel-and-stick capability, and self-cleaning capability. The effect of nanoparticle concentration on surface porosity and consequently nonwetting properties is discussed. Large-area fabrication over an area of 20 cm2, which is important for practical applications, is also demonstrated. This work demonstrates the capability of polymerizable systems to aid in the organization of functional polymer–nanoparticle surface structures.

In recent years, changes in the commercial sector, along with the growing popularity of the Internet, have made Malaysian businesses increasingly conscious of the relevance of E-business in establishing a competitive advantage in the worldwide market. As a result, a greater knowledge of the elements that impact online purchase intent might aid in the development of more effective marketing strategies for certain segments. Four variables affecting online purchase intent were chosen for this study: trust, product and service quality, customer satisfaction, and delivery time. Three factors substantially affected online purchase intention, according to 203 Generation X respondents. The only exception was the quality of the product and service. Researchers, online platform developers, financial institutions, marketers, and the government would benefit greatly from the data and information gathered in this study since we will be able to assess and understand the variables that influence Gen X in Malaysia to purchase online.

The current table tennis robot system has two common problems. One is the table tennis ball speed, which moves fast, and it is difficult for the robot to react in a short time. The second is that the robot cannot recognize the type of the ball's movement, i.e., rotation, top rotation, no rotation, wait, etc. It is impossible to judge whether the ball is rotating and the direction of rotation, resulting in a single return strategy of the robot with poor adaptability. In this paper, these problems are solved by proposing a target trajectory tracking algorithm for table tennis using machine vision combined with Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG). Real human-machine game’s data are obtained in the proposed algorithm by extracting ten continuous position information and speed information frames for feature selection. These features are used as input data for the deep neural network and then are normalized to create a deep neural network algorithm model. The model is trained by the position information of the successive 20 frames. During the initial sets of experiments, we found the shortcomings of the original SCG algorithm. By setting the accuracy threshold and offline learning of historical data and saving the hidden layer weight matrix, the SCG algorithm was improved. Finally, experiments verify the improved algorithm's feasibility and applicability and show that the proposed algorithm is more suitable for table tennis robots.

The structural and physicochemical properties changes of corn starch oxidized by sodium periodate under the assistance of pulsed electric fields (PEF) were studied. It was found that dialdehyde starch (DAS) particles produced by PEF-assisted oxidation exhibited shrinkage and pits, and had a larger particle size when compared to the control without PEF. The solubility of the DAS (12 kV/cm PEF- assisted oxidation) improved by 70.2% when compared to the native starch. Increment in the strength of the PEF, led to a decrease in the viscosity of the DAS. In addition, the aldehyde group content of the DAS produced by PEF-assisted oxidation exhibited shrinkage and pits, and had a larger particle size when compared to the control increased by 11.6% when compared with the traditional oxidation method. PEF is an effective method to promote oxidation reaction of starch.

White blister rust, caused by the oomycete Albugo candida, is a widespread disease of Brassica crops. The Arabidopsis CSA1/DAR4 (also known as CSA1/CHS3) paired immune receptor carries an Integrated Domain (ID) with homology to the DA1 family of peptidases. Using domain swaps with DA1 family members, we show that the DAR4 ID acts as an integrated decoy for DAR3, which interacts with and inhibits the peptidase activities of DA1, DAR1 and DAR2 family members. Albugo infection rapidly lowered DAR3 levels and activates DA1 peptidase activity. This promotes endoreduplication of host tissues to support pathogen growth. We propose that DAR4/CSA1 senses the actions of a putative Albugo effector that reduces DAR3 levels and initiates defense.

Key to the Butyriboletus species from China 1. Pileus surface pink, red, rose, grape red, or always red-tinted...........................................................................................................2 1. Pileus surface pale brown, brown, dark brown, and never red-tinted................................................................................................8 2. Pileus tomentose.................................................................................................................................................................................3 2. Pileus glabrous, dry, or viscid when wet............................................................................................................................................5 3. Pileus surface pale brown, brown to reddish brown................................................................................................ Bu. huangnianlaii 3. Pileus surface pink to purple, dull red, or pale red-orange to orangish yellow..................................................................................4 4. Pileus surface pink to dull red, or orangish yellow, hymenophore surface yellow to orange or orangish red or pinkish red..................................................................................................................................................................................................... Bu. floridanus 4. Pileus surface purple red to pale red-orange, hymenophore surface bright yellow to pale yellow............................... Bu. sinoregius 5. Pileus surface red................................................................................................................................................................................6 5. Pileus surface pink-yellow or yellow-brown......................................................................................................................................7 6. Basidiome large, pileus 50–130 mm in diam, the reticulation on stipe surface often cracked into patchy scales.............. Bu. rubrus 6. Basidiome large, pileus 30–80 mm in diam, the reticulation on stipe surface never cracked into patchy scales................ Bu. frostii 7. Pileus surface pink-yellow, stipe surface with yellow reticulation............................................................................. Bu. roseoflavus 7. Pileus surface yellow-brown, stipe surface with pink to rose reticulation.............................................................. Bu. subsplendidus 8. Pileus surface always purple tinted..................................................................................................................... Bu. pseudospeciosus 8. Pileus surface never purple tinted.......................................................................................................................................................9 9. Tube layer green tinted when mature............................................................................................................................. Bu. sanicibus 9. Tube layer pale yellow, bright yellow to yellow, and never green tinted when mature...................................................................10 10. Stipe thick at apex and swollen at the base........................................................................................................................ Bu. yicibus 10. Stipe mostly equal............................................................................................................................................................................11 11. Context white, changing blue when exposed............................................................................................................. Bu. hainanensis 11. Context yellow, unchanging color when exposed..................................................................................................... Bu. brunneoides, Published as part of Fu, Hao-Yu, Li, Ting & Fan, Li, 2022, Two new species of Butyriboletus from China, pp. 207-219 in Phytotaxa 544 (2) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6503921

Butyriboletus sinoregius L. Fan & H.Y. Fu, sp. nov. 2 (Fig. 4) Mycobank:— MB842145 Diagnosis:—differs from the European B. regiu s by the different phylogenetic position, the basidiomes bluing when bruised and the finely tomentose pileus. Etymology:—‘ sinoregius ’; sino, means China, ‘ regius ’ refers to this new Chinese species being similar to B. regius. Holotype:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Jincheng City, Qinshui County, Zhongcun Forest Farm, on the ground in Fagaceae forest, 35°29′8″N, 112°11′28″E, elev. 1630 m, 22 August 2019, collected by Hong Liu LH 755 (BJTC FM755). Description:— Pileus 6.3–7 cm diam., convex to applanate; surface dry, sometimes cracking at centre, finely tomentose, pale purple-red (#ff6b6b), and fading to pale red-orange or grayish orange (#f8f1e2) to margin, margin straight to decurved; context firm and dense, thick, pale yellow (#ffff4d), becoming blue when exposed. Hymenophore (tube layer) surface bright yellow (#ffff1a) to pale yellow (#ffff9a) at first, turning to brownish yellow (#ebc300) when matured, becoming blue when bruised; pores circular to somewhat elongate, 0.3–0.7 mm diam; tubes 4–6 mm deep. Stipe 5.2–6.7 × 1.8–2.3 cm, mostly equal, sometimes slightly widening towards the base, dry, not hollow, pale yellow (#ffff4d), becoming blue when bruised, reticulate; annulus absent; basal mycelium whitish (#ffffff) to soft yellow (#fff281). Odor not distinct. Taste unpleasant, sour and astringent. Basidiospores [60/3/3] 10–15 × 5–5.5μm [Q = 2–2.68, Q m = 2.34 ± 0.34], subfusiform to fusoid-ventricose, subhyaline in KOH. Basidia 27.5–32.5 × 10–12.5μm, clavate, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, 3–4-spored; sterigmata short. Hymenophoral trama boletoid. Pleurocystidia 25–42.5 × (5–) 7.5–12.5 (–17.5) μm, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, barrel-shaped, or utriform to lageniform with subacute apex; cheilocystidia absent. Pileipellis an interwoven trichoderm, 27.5–50 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae, 3–5 μm in diam, hyphae yellow greenish brown (#e1f9b1), hyaline in KOH, smooth, thin-walled, terminal cells nearly clavate sometimes with expanding obtuse. Stipitipellis an interwoven trichoderm-like structure, 145–240 μm thick, composed of thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm) hyphae with narrowly or broadly clavate, subfusiform or fusiform terminal cells (14–28 × 3.5–6 μm), and some emergent hyphae with clavate or subcylindrical terminal cells. Stipe trama composed of cylindrical, thin to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm), parallel hyphae 3–14 μm diam. Clamp connections absent. Habit, Habitat and distribution: Solitary or scattered, on ground in a Fagaceae forest dominated by Quercus sp., so far only known from Shanxi Province, China. Additional specimens examined: CHINA. Shanxi Province, Jincheng City, Lishan Mountains, 16 July 2020, collected by Hong Liu LH 929 (BJTC FM1240); ibid. Linfen City, Yicheng Country, Shihe Forest Farm, Songshu Groove, 35°29′35″N, 112°5′41″E, elev. 1960 m, 26 August 2020, collected by Hong Liu LH1178 (BJTC FM1103)., Published as part of Fu, Hao-Yu, Li, Ting & Fan, Li, 2022, Two new species of Butyriboletus from China, pp. 207-219 in Phytotaxa 544 (2) on page 215, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6503921

Butyriboletus brunneoides L. Fan & H.Y. Fu, sp. nov. 1 (Fig. 3) Mycobank:— MB842144 Diagnosis:—differs from Bu. brunneus in the small to medium basidiome with a smooth pileus, a thin stipe that develops reddish stains at the base and the isolated phylogenetic position. Etymology:—‘ brunneoides ’, refers to the similarity to Bu. brunneus. Holotype:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Jincheng City, Qinshui County, Shangwoquan village, 35°35ʹ1ʺN, 112°4ʹ37ʺE, elev. 1150 m, on the ground under Quercus spp., 26 July 2021, collected by Jingchong Lv LJC045 (BJTC FM1816). Description:— Pileus 3.5–9.4 cm in diam., hemispherical to convex, becoming broadly convex when mature; surface dry, smooth, yellowish brown (#ffbb78) to brown (# c96400), margin decurved; context firm and dense, thick, pale yellow (#ffff68) to yellow (#fffc9a), unchanging when exposed, or turning very slightly pale blue over the tubes. Hymenophore (tube layer) bright yellow (#ffff1a) to light yellow (# eaff80), changing blue when exposed; pores circular to somewhat elliptical, 0.2–0.3 mm in diam; tubes 2–5 mm deep. Stipe 4.5–6 × 0.7–3 cm, cylindrical, equal, widening towards the base, dry, solid, covered with a fine yellow reticulum; pale yellow (# eaff80), developing pale red stains near the base changing blue when bruised; annulus absent. Basal mycelium whitish (#ffffff) to pale yellow (#fff281). Odor distinct like salted fish when dry. Taste unpleasant, typically bitter or somewhat tart. Basidiospores [40/2/2] 11–15(–17) × 3–5 [Q = 3.25–3.75 (4.33), Q m = 3.5 ± 0.25], subfusiform, subhyaline in KOH. Basidia 27.5(–15)–35 × 7.5–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4-spored; sterigmata short. Hymenophoral trama boletoid. Pleurocystidia 35–45 × 8–12.5 μm, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, fusoid-ventricose to broadly clavate with subacute apex; cheilocystidia 30–32.5 × 7.5–10 μm, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, narrowly clavate to clavate-ventricose. Pileipellis an interwoven trichoderm 37.5–50 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 2.5–5 μm in diam., hyphae yellowish brown (#edb849), hyaline in KOH, smooth, thin-walled, terminal cells cylindric with subglobose or rounded apices. Stipitipellis an interwoven trichoderm-like structure 105–200 μm thick, composed of thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm) hyphae with narrowly or broadly clavate, subfusiform or fusiform terminal cells (16–26 × 4–9 μm), and some emergent hyphae with clavate or subcylindrical terminal cells. Stipe trama composed of cylindrical, thin to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm), parallel hyphae 3–14 μm diam. Clamp connections absent. Habit, habitat and distribution: solitary or scattered, on ground in a Fagaceae forest, currently only known from Shanxi Province, North China.

Butyriboletus brunneoides L. Fan & H.Y. Fu, sp. nov. 1 (Fig. 3) Mycobank:— MB842144 Diagnosis:—differs from Bu. brunneus in the small to medium basidiome with a smooth pileus, a thin stipe that develops reddish stains at the base and the isolated phylogenetic position. Etymology:—‘ brunneoides ’, refers to the similarity to Bu. brunneus. Holotype:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Jincheng City, Qinshui County, Shangwoquan village, 35°35ʹ1ʺN, 112°4ʹ37ʺE, elev. 1150 m, on the ground under Quercus spp., 26 July 2021, collected by Jingchong Lv LJC045 (BJTC FM1816). Description:— Pileus 3.5–9.4 cm in diam., hemispherical to convex, becoming broadly convex when mature; surface dry, smooth, yellowish brown (#ffbb78) to brown (# c96400), margin decurved; context firm and dense, thick, pale yellow (#ffff68) to yellow (#fffc9a), unchanging when exposed, or turning very slightly pale blue over the tubes. Hymenophore (tube layer) bright yellow (#ffff1a) to light yellow (# eaff80), changing blue when exposed; pores circular to somewhat elliptical, 0.2–0.3 mm in diam; tubes 2–5 mm deep. Stipe 4.5–6 × 0.7–3 cm, cylindrical, equal, widening towards the base, dry, solid, covered with a fine yellow reticulum; pale yellow (# eaff80), developing pale red stains near the base changing blue when bruised; annulus absent. Basal mycelium whitish (#ffffff) to pale yellow (#fff281). Odor distinct like salted fish when dry. Taste unpleasant, typically bitter or somewhat tart. Basidiospores [40/2/2] 11–15(–17) × 3–5 [Q = 3.25–3.75 (4.33), Q m = 3.5 ± 0.25], subfusiform, subhyaline in KOH. Basidia 27.5(–15)–35 × 7.5–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4-spored; sterigmata short. Hymenophoral trama boletoid. Pleurocystidia 35–45 × 8–12.5 μm, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, fusoid-ventricose to broadly clavate with subacute apex; cheilocystidia 30–32.5 × 7.5–10 μm, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, narrowly clavate to clavate-ventricose. Pileipellis an interwoven trichoderm 37.5–50 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 2.5–5 μm in diam., hyphae yellowish brown (#edb849), hyaline in KOH, smooth, thin-walled, terminal cells cylindric with subglobose or rounded apices. Stipitipellis an interwoven trichoderm-like structure 105–200 μm thick, composed of thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm) hyphae with narrowly or broadly clavate, subfusiform or fusiform terminal cells (16–26 × 4–9 μm), and some emergent hyphae with clavate or subcylindrical terminal cells. Stipe trama composed of cylindrical, thin to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm), parallel hyphae 3–14 μm diam. Clamp connections absent. Habit, habitat and distribution: solitary or scattered, on ground in a Fagaceae forest, currently only known from Shanxi Province, North China., Published as part of Fu, Hao-Yu, Li, Ting & Fan, Li, 2022, Two new species of Butyriboletus from China, pp. 207-219 in Phytotaxa 544 (2) on pages 213-215, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6503921

Collaborative filtering (CF) is one of the most successful and fundamental techniques in recommendation systems. In recent years, Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based CF models, such as NGCF [31], LightGCN [10] and GTN [9] have achieved tremendous success and significantly advanced the state-of-the-art. While there is a rich literature of such works using advanced models for learning user and item representations separately, item recommendation is essentially a link prediction problem between users and items. Furthermore, while there have been early works employing link prediction for collaborative filtering [5, 6], this trend has largely given way to works focused on aggregating information from user and item nodes, rather than modeling links directly. In this paper, we propose a new linkage (connectivity) score for bipartite graphs, generalizing multiple standard link prediction methods. We combine this new score with an iterative degree update process in the user-item interaction bipartite graph to exploit local graph structures without any node modeling. The result is a simple, non-deep learning model with only six learnable parameters. Despite its simplicity, we demonstrate our approach significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art GNN-based CF approaches on four widely used benchmarks. In particular, on Amazon-Book, we demonstrate an over 60% improvement for both Recall and NDCG. We hope our work would invite the community to revisit the link prediction aspect of collaborative filtering, where significant performance gains could be achieved through aligning link prediction with item recommendations., Comment: Accepted by Graph Learning Workshop at WWW'22

Behavioral analysis of macaques provides important experimental evidence in the field of neuroscience. In recent years, video-based automatic animal behavior analysis has received widespread attention. However, methods capable of extracting and analyzing daily movement trajectories of macaques in their daily living cages remain underdeveloped, with previous approaches usually requiring specific environments to reduce interference from occlusion or environmental change. Here, we introduce a novel method, called MonkeyTrail, which satisfies the above requirements by frequently generating virtual empty backgrounds and using background subtraction to accurately obtain the foreground of moving animals. The empty background is generated by combining the frame difference method (FDM) and deep learning-based model (YOLOv5). The entire setup can be operated with low-cost hardware and can be applied to the daily living environments of individually caged macaques. To test MonkeyTrail performance, we labeled a dataset containing8 000 video frames with the bounding boxes of macaques under various conditions as ground-truth. Results showed that the tracking accuracy and stability of MonkeyTrail exceeded that of two deep learning-based methods (YOLOv5 and Single-Shot MultiBox Detector), traditional frame difference method, and naïve background subtraction method. Using MonkeyTrail to analyze long-term surveillance video recordings, we successfully assessed changes in animal behavior in terms of movement amount and spatial preference. Thus, these findings demonstrate that MonkeyTrail enables low-cost, large-scale daily behavioral analysis of macaques.猕猴的行为分析能为神经科学研究提供重要的实验证据。近年来，自动化的动物行为视频分析受到了广泛的关注。然而，这些方法大多需要特定的实验环境以减少物体遮挡或环境变化带来的干扰，目前还缺乏能够规模化用于日常饲养条件下猕猴运动轨迹跟踪的有效手段。在该研究中，我们提出了一种新的方法(MonkeyTrail)用于实现这一目的。其关键原理是通过频繁生成的虚拟空背景，结合背景减除法准确获得包含运动中动物的前景图像。空背景生成利用了帧差法(FDM)和基于深度学习的视觉目标检测模型(YOLOv5)。整个装置由低成本的硬件构成，并可以在单笼饲养猕猴的日常环境中有效工作。为了测试这一方法的性能，我们标定了8000帧的视频图像作为验证数据集，其中包含各种条件下的猕猴边界框数据。测试结果表明，在相同条件下，MonkeyTrail的跟踪精度和稳定性均超过了传统帧差法、背景减除法和两种基于深度学习的方法(YOLOv5和SSD)。通过对长期监控视频的分析，MonkeyTrail成功地检测到了猕猴在运动量和空间偏好方面的变化。这些结果表明，该方法可以用于实现低成本、较大规模的猕猴日常行为分析。.

The hydrogen getter consisting of 1,4-bis­[phenylethynyl]­benzene (DEB) and a carbon-supported palladium catalyst (Pd/C) is limited by its powder forms in practical application. Development of the molded DEB-Pd/C is thus highly demanded. To solve the contradiction between molding and hydrogen-getter rate, herein, we prepared a porous polymer matrix composite for DEB-Pd/C by a facile one-phase removal method of their cocontinuous polymer matrices. Such a porous composite exhibits excellent hydrogen-getter activities. More interestingly, under low hydrogen partial pressure, the porous composite had a faster getter rate than that of powder getters. The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the confinement effects of the continuous pore structure of the polymer frameworks, which further indicates its promise as a highly active and flexible supporting framework for hydrogen absorption or other gas–solid reactions.

In view of the dynamic instability of rock mass in high geostress areas during underground engineering excavation, the comprehensive weight and extension methods are adopted to research the rockburst prediction. Firstly, five main influencing factors including uniaxial compressive strength, stress coefficient, brittleness coefficient, elastic energy index, and integrity of rock mass are used as the evaluation indexes of rockburst prediction according to the conditions required for rockburst occurrence. The assessment index system of rockburst intensity is constituted. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and variation coefficient methods are used to determine the comprehensive weight of evaluation index, and the rockburst prediction model is established based on the extension evaluation method. Thirdly, the parameter programming and numerical calculation of the proposed prediction model are carried out in the MATLAB software. The user visualization execution window and software system of rockburst prediction model are realized. Finally, the software system is applied to the rockburst prediction in the water diversion tunnels of Jiangbian hydropower station and Jinping secondary hydropower station. The prediction results are compared with the actual situation and other evaluation methods. The results show that (i) the establishment of the user visualization window realizes the visualization and systematization of rockburst prediction model, which improves the data import rate and calculation efficiency. (ii) The prediction results of the proposed software system agree well with the actual situation, and they are more accurate than other evaluation methods. (iii) The proposed software system of rockburst prediction can also be used in coal mine, metro, and other underground projects, which has good engineering application values.

Mechanization and automation of the coal industry as well as increasing the government support for safety in coal mines in China resulted in a significant decrease in the death rate per million tons of coal produced. Nonetheless, major accidents still occur. As one of the five factors of safe production, safety investment plays a key role in ensuring the safe production of coal in mining enterprises. Coal mining enterprises can ensure safe production in the mines and maximize profits through optimum safety investment. In this study, safety system engineering principles and subsets in set theory were combined to develop a novel safety investment index system. The safety investment indices were categorized into human, machine, environment, and the intersection of these three indices. The elements in each investment set were examined, and a multivariate model of safety investment and accident control was created using gray forecasting theory. In addition, a case study was conducted to validate the reliability of the model. The results indicated that the proposed model can provide theoretical evidence and guidance for safety investment decision making in coal mining enterprises.

Tubulin polymerisation inhibitors exhibited an important role in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. Herein, we reported the medicinal chemistry efforts leading to a new series of benzothiazoles by a bioisosterism approach. Biological testing revealed that compound 12a could significantly inhibit in vitro tubulin polymerisation of a concentration dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 2.87 μM. Immunofluorescence and EBI competition assay investigated that compound 12a effectively inhibited tubulin polymerisation and directly bound to the colchicine-binding site of β-tubulin in PC3 cells. Docking analysis showed that 12a formed hydrogen bonds with residues Tyr357, Ala247 and Val353 of tubulin. Importantly, it displayed the promising antiproliferative ability against C42B, LNCAP, 22RV1 and PC3 cells with IC50 values of 2.81 μM, 4.31 μM, 2.13 μM and 2.04 μM, respectively. In summary, compound 12a was a novel colchicine site tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with potential to treat prostate cancer.

We report observations of photopolymerization driven phase-separation in a mixture of a photo-reactive monomer and inorganic nanoparticles. The mixture is irradiated with visible light possessing a periodic intensity profile that elicits photopolymerization along the depth of the mixture, establishing a competition between photo-crosslinking and thermodynamically favorable phase-separating behavior inherent to the system. In situ Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the polymerization reaction and morphology evolution, and reveals a key correlation between irradiation intensity and composite morphology extending the entire depth of the mixture, i.e. unhindered phase-separation at low irradiation intensity and arrested phase-separation at high irradiation intensity. 3D Raman volume mapping and energy dispersive X-ray mapping confirm that the intensity-dependent irradiation process dictates the extent of phase separation, enabling single-parameter control over phase evolution and subsequent composite morphology. These observations can potentially enable a single-step route to develop polymer-inorganic composite materials with tunable morphologies.

This article conducts numerical investigation coupled with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method on detailed flow field and heat transfer characteristics of ribbed channel with symmetric ribs mounted on two walls. The physical domain is modeled by reference to a practical turbine blade internal cooling channel. The effects of three selected geometric factors of ribs, i.e., rib inclination angle, dimensionless rib height, and dimensionless rib pitch, on the flow and heat transfer are investigated by variable-controlled simulations with the Reynolds number ranges from 5000 to 90,000. The parameter ranges are 30 deg ≤ α ≤ 90 deg, 0.5 ≤ e/w ≤ 1.5, and 5 ≤ P/w ≤ 15 with the rib width w fixed at 1 mm. It is newly found that the friction factor does not follow a monotonical trend with respect to the Reynolds number under certain rib configurations. In addition, three-level numerical calculations about three geometric factors as well as the Reynolds number are conducted with the response surface method (RSM). Quadratic regression model for the targeted response, thermal performance factor (TPF), is obtained. The optimal rib shape for the goal of maximizing the channel overall thermal performance turns out to be e/w = 0.5, P/w = 15, and α = 30 deg as Re is fixed at 30,000.

Mazur's principle gives a criterion under which an irreducible mod $\ell$ Galois representation arising from a modular form of level $Np$ (with $p$ prime to $N$) can also arise from a modular form of level $N.$ We prove an analogous result showing that a mod $\ell$ Galois representation arising from a stable cuspidal automorphic representation of the unitary similitude group $G=\mathrm{GU}(1,2)$ which is Steinberg at an inert prime $p$ can also arise from an automorphic representation of $G$ that is unramified at $p$., Comment: 44 pages; minor corrections. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1912.11942 by other authors