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Amaç: Şiddetli akut pankreatit (SAP) yüksek morbidite ve mortalite riski taşır. SAP'nin proenflamatuar yanıt fazı kontrol edilemezse, çoklu organ yetmezliği (ÇOY) ile sonuçlanabilir. Nükleer faktör-kappa B (NF-κB) aktivasyonu ÇOY'un gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışmada, bir anti-enflamatuar ve immünsüpresif ajan olan triptolidin SAP'lı sıçanlarda iyileştirici etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 20 Wistar-Albino sıçanı SAP ve triptolide tedavi (TT) grubu olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. SAP her iki grupta da intraperitoneal cerulein (50 mg/kg) enjeksiyonu ile indüklendi. TT grubuna, SAP indüksiyonundan 24 saat sonra tek bir doz (0.2 mg/kg) triptolid uygulandı. Serum ALT, AST, GGT, Lipaz, Glikoz, ALP ve amilaz düzeyleri ve pankreatik doku örnekleri incelendi.Bulgular: Serum glukoz ve amilaz düzeyleri TT grubunda anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu (sırasıyla p=0.011 ve p=0.035). Diğer biyokimyasal parametreler açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Pankreas ödemi, asiner hücre dejenerasyonu, yağ nekrozu, intrapankreatik&perivasküler inflamasyon ve peripankreatik yağ dokusunda inflamasyon her iki grupta da sık görülen histopatolojik bulgulardı. Gruplar arasında histopatolojik değişiklikler açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu.Sonuç: Cerulein kaynaklı pankreatit, deneysel SAP için başarılı bir yöntemdir. Tek doz triptolid tedavisinin iyileştirici etkileri SAP'nin erken evresinde belirgin değildir. Pankreatik doku histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler açısından incelendiğinde, triptolidin enflamatuar ve oksidatif stres üzerindeki terapötik etkileri yeterli düzeyde değildi., Aim: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) carries high morbidity and mortality risk. If the proinflammatory response phase of SAP cannot be controlled, it may result in multiorgan failure (MOF). Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation plays an important role in the development of MOF. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the healing effects of triptolide, an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent in rats with SAP.Material and Methods: A total of 20 Wistar-Albino rats were divided into two groups as the SAP and triptolide treatment (TT) groups. SAP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulean (50 mg/kg) in both groups. TT group was administered a single dose (0.2 mg/kg) triptolide 24 hour after the induction of SAP. Serum ALT, AST, GGT, Lipase, Glucose, ALP and amylase levels and pancreatic tissue samples were examined.Results: Serum glucose and amylase levels were found to be significantly lower in the TT group (p=0.011 and p=0.035, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of other biochemical parameters. Pancreatic edema, acinar cell degeneration, fat necrosis, intrapancreatic&perivascular inflammation, inflammation in the peripancreatic fat tissue were common histopathological findings in both groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of histopathologic changes.Conclusion: Cerulein-induced pancreatitis is a successful method for experimental SAP. The healing effects of single-dose triptolide treatment are not evident in the early phase of SAP. The therapeutic effects of triptolide on inflammatory and oxidative stress were not significantly approved by histopathological and biochemical parameters by the pancreatic tissue.

Amaç: Bu prospektif kontrollu klinik çalışmanın amacı yetişkinlerde komplike olmamış kolelitiyazisin ve buna yönelik uygulanan laparoskopik kolesistektomi ameliyatının hastalarda tiyol/disülfid dengesine etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-80 yaş arası sağlıklı gönüllü katılımcılar (Kontrol grubu, n=30) ve 18-80 yaş arasında semptomatik safra taşı tanısı konulup laparoskopik kolesistektomi planlanan hastalar (KLS grubu, n=30) alındı. Çalışmada sağlıklı gönüllülerden bir defaya mahsus ve tüm hastalardan ameliyattan 1 saat önce ve ameliyattan 24 saat sonra iki kez olmak üzere 2 mL venöz kan örnekleri alındı ve serumlarda tiyol/disülfid düzeyleri incelendi.Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonunda Kontrol grubunun Nativ Tiyol, Total Tiyol ve Disülfid değerleri KLS grubunun ameliyat öncesi ölçülen değerlerine göre daha yüksek bulundu (p

Objective: Anastomosis on ischemic intestines is a problematic issue in daily surgical routine. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of thymoquinone, zeolite and platelet rich plasma.Material and Methods: Fifty rats were divided into five groups. In the sham group all rats underwent colonic anastomosis without any ischemic insult. Colonic anastomosis was performed after mesenteric ischemia was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery in other study groups. In the control group, no medication was given to the rats after ishemic anastomosis. In Zeolite group and thymoquinone group, Zeolite and thymoquinone were applied locally on the anastomosis. In the platelet rich plasma group, platelet rich plasma was applied locally on the anastomosis. All the rats were sacrified on the 10th day. Blood and tissue samples were retrieved.Results: Hydroxyproline levels were not different between the groups. Bursting pressure was higher in the thymoquinone group than the control group. Reepithelization was higher than the zeolite group in the sham and thymoquinone groups. TNF-α and IL 1β levels were significantly higher in the sham group than all the other groups. TNF-α and IL 1β levels were also significantly higher in the thymoquinone, zeolite and platelet rich plasma groups than the control group and higher in the thymoquinone group than the zeolite and platelet rich plasma groups. Inflammation and ischemic necrosis levels were not different between the groups.Conclusion: Our data is suggesting that thymoquinone and platelet rich plasma have positive effects on ischemic anastomosis healing, while thymoquinone has the best results.

Purpose The etiology and pathogenesis of distal colitis (DC) are poorly understood. Activation of intestinal inflammatory response may lead to intestinal tissue necrosis. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents are among the treatment options. Our study aimed to compare the protective effects of mesalazine and Ganoderma lucidum in acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly grouped as colitis, mesalazine, G. lucidum, and combined (G. lucidum + mesalazine) groups. DC was induced by intrarectal administration of AA. Statistical comparisons were done by using parameters including colonic tissue IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels. Histopathologic changes of the samples of colonic tissue were scored as mucosal damage score and inflammatory score. A P-value of

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of metformin on the rat ovary against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty-seven female Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into five groups, as follows: sham operation group (group 1); torsion group (group 2); torsion/detorsion + saline group (group 3); torsion/detorsion + low-dose metformin group (group 4); and torsion/detorsion + high-dose metformin group (group 5). The right ovary from each rat was evaluated histologically using hematoxylin–eosin staining, and the left ovaries were evaluated for tissue levels of the reduced-glutathione-to-oxidized-glutathione ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA), and caspase-3 activation. Results The highest damage score was observed in group 3, and the lowest score was observed in group 1. The tissue caspase-3 activity levels of groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly higher than those of group 1. The difference between group 1 and group 5 in terms of tissue caspase-3 activity was not significant (P = 0.4). The reduced-glutathione-to-oxidized-glutathione ratio of group 1 was significantly higher than the ratios found in groups 2, 3, and 4. The tissue MDA level of group 1 was significantly lower than the levels found in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5. The tissue MDA level of group 5 was significantly lower than the levels in groups 3 and 4. Conclusion From both histopathological and biochemical analyses, the results of the study demonstrated that metformin has beneficial effects when it comes to attenuating ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Salihoglu, Ziya/0000-0002-6905-2664; Uzun, Hafize/0000-0002-1347-8498 WOS: 000380943600006 PubMed: 26429927 Background: In this study, we investigated the alterations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), acute inflammation, and oxidative damage in the circulatory system and the intestine in response to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods: Twenty-one rats were divided randomly into the following three groups (n = 7 in each group): a sham group (CG), an ischemic group (IG), and an I/R group (I/RG). MMP-9, TIMP-1, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and lipid peroxidation (quantified as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content), ischemia-modified albumin, the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured spectrophotometrically. The degree of intestinal injury was evaluated according to the Chiu scoring system. Results: A significant difference between the mean serum TIMP-1 and MMP-9 levels and the alanine transaminase activity was found among the groups. Compared with the I/RG group a significant difference in the mean tissue MMP-9, MPO, and TBARS levels in addition to the PAB and FRAP was found between the CG and IG groups. The level of MMP-9 also demonstrated a strong, positive, and valid correlation with the TBA-RS levels. A significant morphological change was observed in both the IG and the I/RG groups. The degree of intestinal injury was more severe in the I/R group and was characterized by either villous denudation or villous loss. Conclusions: These results suggest that MMP-9, TIMP-1, MPO, and oxidative stress may be important in the intestinal injury development that is induced by acute mesenteric I/R in a rat model. MMP-9 overexpression may increase the extent of intestinal villous loss, particularly when MMP-9 is upregulated by the TBARS present in the intestinal injury. Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Inc., West Sacramento, California, USA The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Inc., West Sacramento, California, USA.

Aydin, Oktay/0000-0001-5728-0128 WOS: 000425926200007

Aim: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are included in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study aimed to compare the healing effects of two promising therapeutic agents: Platelet Rich-Plasma and Thymoquinone (TQ) on DSS induced IBD.Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into three groups as IBD (n=10), PRP treatment (n=10) and TQ treatment (n=10). Experimental IBD was initiated through the oral intake of 5% Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. PRP (0.5 cc) and thymoquinone dissolved in distilled water (100mg/kg) were daily administered rectally to PRP treated group animals for seven days. All animals were sacrificed and rectal tissue calprotectin, lactoferrin and hydroxyproline levels were assessed on the seventh day. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were statistically compared.Results: Rectal tissue calprotectin, lactoferrin and hydroxyproline levels were higher in the IBD group (p

In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of krill oil (KO) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury on rat ovary.This study was conducted with 32 Wistar Albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups, with eight rats in each group-as follows: Sham group, I/R group, I/R + low dose KO group (50 mg) and I/R + high dose KO group (500 mg). The histopathological and follicle counts were performed on the right ovary. The total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were evaluated on the left ovary. And also serum N-thiol level, serum T-thiol level, serum disulfide (SDS) level, serum disulfide/N-thiol and serum disulfide/T-thiol ratios were evaluated too.A statistically significant difference was determined between the I/R group and all the other groups for all parameters. There was significant difference between KO groups and the Sham group for the parameters of serum N-thiol, serum T-thiol, SDS, serum disulfide/N-thiol and serum disulfide/T-thiol. SDS, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were determined to be the highest in the I/R group and the lowest in the low dose KO group. The total antioxidant status values were found to be the highest in the high dose KO group and the lowest in the I/R group. Follicle counts and histological injury scores showed no significant difference between Sham and KO groups.This study demonstrated that KO has beneficial effects on decreasing the injury after I/R on rat ovary.

Background: The present study investigated the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in wound healing suppressed by corticosteroid in rats. Methods: Forty rats were separated into four groups. To disrupt the wound-healing processes, intraperitoneal single dose 10 mg/kg methylprednisolone was administered to all rats with the exception of Sham-S group. Then, full-thickness incision was performed to the abdominal skin of all animals, and PRP or MSCs were applied to the incision line except the Sham-S and Sham-M group animals. Ten days later, all animals were sacrificed to investigate: tissue collagenization, inflammation, and re-epithelialization grades histopathologically, and tissue hydroxyproline (HP), interleukin-1&beta, (IL-1&beta, ), tumor necrosis factor-&alpha, levels biochemically. Results: Collagenization (p = 0.003) and inflammation grade (p = 0.002) values were higher in PR group. Tissue HP level value was found to be high in MC group (p &lt, 0.001). Tissue IL-1&beta, level value of Sham-M group was lower than those of other groups (p &lt, 0.001). Conclusions: This preliminary study revealed that PRP could improve the histopathological grades in wound healing which was suppressed by corticosteroid in rats, while MSCs could show their therapeutic effects via biochemical route. These positive effects were more salient in PR group.

Ozkan, Zehra Sema/0000-0001-9185-3663 WOS: 000428813900013 PubMed: 29084473 The aim of this study is to investigate whether erythropoietin (EPO) can reduce the ovarian damage of cisplatin or not. Thirty, female, Wistar-Albino rats were used in the study. Control group (N=10): Intraperitoneal saline infusion, Cisplatin group (N=10): Intraperitoneal 7mg/kg cisplatin, Cisplatin+EPO group (N=10): Intraperitoneal 7mg/kg cisplatin and subcutaneous 200IU/kg/day EPO. Serum AMH concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit of AMH. Follicular counts were evaluated according to mean diameter of the follicles. Ovarian damage; including follicular cell degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammation was scored histologically using a graduated scale. Posttreatment AMH levels of cisplatin group were significantly lower than control and cisplatin+EPO groups. In cisplatin group, there was a significant decrement in posttreatment AMH level compared to pretreatment AMH level. The total damage score of cisplatin group was significantly higher than scores of control and cisplatin+EPO groups. The mean primordial follicle counts of control and cisplatin+EPO groups were significantly higher than that of cisplatin group (p=.007 and p=.003). The results of this study revealed that EPO administration to cisplatin chemotherapy could ameliorate the ovarian damage. Erythropoietin administration to chemotherapeutic agents might suggest to protect ovarian failure and infertility. Kirikkale University Scientific Research Commission [2015/06] This research was funded by Kirikkale University Scientific Research Commission (project number: 2015/06). The authors are grateful to Kirikkale University, for their valuable support.

Lohusalik doneminde ortaya cikan enfeksiyon ve agri gibi nedenlerin siklikla gebelik ve doguma bagli oldugu kabul edilir. Ancak, diger onemli nedenlerde akilda tutulmalidir. Akut apandisit gebelikte obstetrik nedenler disinda, en sik karsilasilan akut cerrahi gerektiren durumdur. Bu yazida; puerperal donemde karin agrisi, yuksek vucut isisi ve yuksek C-reaktif protein ile klinigimize basvuran akut apandisit tanisi alan bir hasta sunuldu ve konu literatur bilgisi esliginde tartisildi.

Aydin, Oktay/0000-0001-5728-0128; Uzun, Hafize/0000-0002-1347-8498 WOS: 000402583600002 PubMed: 28580343 Purpose: The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), thymoquinone, and zeolite-in corrosive esophageal burns was investigated in a rat model. Methods: Four groups were comprised as containing 10 rats in each group. For group I, oesophagitis was induced and no other procedure was performed (control group). For group II, oesophagitis was induced and thymoquinone was administered for 1 week via oral gavage once a day (thymoquinone group). For group III, oesophagitis was induced for 1 week via oral gavage once a day (PRP group). For group IV, oesophagitis was induced and zeolite was administered for 1 week via oral gavage once a day (zeolite group). On the 10th day, the rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia and venous blood sampling was performed from the vena portae. The oesophaguses were totally excised.-Biochemically, interleukin. (IL)-1B, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 were examined from venous blood. Inflammation score was evaluated histopathologically in oesophageal tissue that was collected. Results: There was a statistically significant difference among groups in terms of IL-1, IL-6, MCP levels, compared to the control group; median IL-1, IL-6, MCP levels of thymoquinone, PRP, and zeolite groups were statistically significantly' lower. There was a statistically significant difference among groups in terms of inflammation scores, compared to group I; median inflammation scores of groups II, III and IV were statistically significantly lower thymoquinone. Conclusion: PRP, and zeolite exhibited positive effect on recovery in oesophagitis by reducing inflammation in the involved segment. Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LY13H030005] This paper supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: LY13H030005).

Sclerosing encapsulated peritonitis (SEP) is a rare complication of long term peritoneal dialysis. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may play a role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of aliskiren, valsartan, and aliskiren + valsartan therapy on SEP. The study included 30 Wistar albino rats which were divided into five groups: I (Control) SF solution i.p.; II (CG group) chlorhexidine gluconate i.p.; III aliskiren oral plus CG i.p.; IV valsartan oral plus CG i.p.; and V aliskiren oral, valsartan oral and CG i.p. On the twenty-first day, all of the rats were sacrificed. All of the groups were analyzed in terms of peritoneal thickness, degree of inflammation, vasculopathy, neovascularization and fibrosis. Also, the parietal peritoneal tissue samples were evaluated for matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) using the ELISA method. Peritoneal thickness and fibrosis scores were lower in the valsartan group compared to the CG group (P 0.05). Tissue MMP-2 levels were significantly higher in the CG group compared other groups (P

To investigate whether there is any association between nasopharyngeal reflux and adenoid hypertrophy in children by using 24-h pH monitoring with dual probe and to determine whether Helicobacter pylori simply colonises in adenoid tissue or it is present there temporarily due to extraesophageal reflux. A prospective study at a tertiary referral center. Thirty-two patients who underwent adenoidectomy, aged ranged between 4 and 13 were included. All children with adenoid hypertrophy underwent 24-h pH monitoring with a dual probe. Proximal probe was placed in the nasopharynx. The presence of nasopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux were investigated by 24-h pH monitoring. The presence of H. pylori was investigated in adenoidectomy samples by HP-fast test. Of the 32 patients who underwent adenoidectomy, 5 had nasopharyngeal reflux positivity while 27 patients did not show nasopharyngeal reflux positivity with pH monitorisation. Helicobacter pylori could not be detected in 5 nasopharyngeal reflux positive children while 3 of 27 nasopharyngeal reflux negative children showed H. pylori positivity, one of them in the mucosa and others in the core. This study demonstrated the high incidence of nasopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux in adenoid hypertrophy and the possible colonisation of H. pylori in the adenoid tissue. This may change the assesment of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy in near future. However, more placebo controlled and double blind studies and larger series are still needed to support this hypothesis.

SUMMARY Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is an herbal extract that enhances mucosal healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ABS on the healing of the esophagus and prevention of stricture development after esophageal caustic injuries in rats. The study included 50 rats. Rats were divided into five groups: group 1 (no injury, sham surgery), group 2 (injury + no ABS + study after 2 weeks of injury), group 3 (injury + ABS + study after 2 weeks of injury), group 4 (injury + no ABS + study after 4 weeks of injury), and group 5 (injury + ABS + study after 4 weeks of injury). Standard esophageal burn injury was created by applying 50% NaOH solution to distal esophagus of about 1.5 cm. To rats in the sham group, isotonic solution was given instead of NaOH. ABS (2 mL/day) was given via oral route to group 3 and 5 rats. Fourteen days (group 2 and 3) and 28 days (group 4 and 5) later, all the live rats were killed. The distal esophageal segments of all rats were removed and divided into two equal parts for biochemical and histopathological examination. Mortality rate, weight changes, inflammation, stenosis index (SI), and biochemical measurements were evaluated. The SI was found as 0.31 ± 0.03 in group 1, 0.533 ± 0.240 in group 2, 0.568 ± 0.371 in group 3, 0.523 ± 0.164 in group 4, and 0.28 ± 0.03 in group 5. The SI and inflammation in ABS-treatment group 5 was significantly lower than that in non-treatment group 4 (P= 0.005). There were no significant differences between inflammation and SI among other groups. The mortality rate was 14.2% in group 1, 37.5% in untreated group 2, 14.2% in ABS-treated group 3, 80% in untreated group 4, and 33.3% in ABS-treated group 5. The mortality rate in group 4 was significantly higher than other groups (P= 0.025). Decrease rates in mean body weights of the groups were as follows: group 1, 1%; group 2, 15%; group 3, 14%; group 4, 46%; and group 5, 15%. Biochemical tests other than albumin and creatinine were comparable among the groups. Treatment with ABS prevents inflammation, scar formation, weight loss, and mortality in esophageal caustic injuries. Additional studies to evaluate the clinical benefits of ABS in esophageal caustic injury are recommended.

Aydin, Oktay/0000-0001-5728-0128 WOS: 000464368300021 PubMed: 30975966 Mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian neoplasm. However, mucinous cystadenoma with teratoma has been very rarely reported in literature. This case report, which is very rare, describes a clinical entity not previously reported in literature. A 34-year-old pregnant woman presented in the 23rd gestational week with severe right lower quadrant pain. She was diagnosed with acute abdomen and was then treated surgically. During the surgical intervention, a spontaneously ruptured mass was detected in the right ovary. This was reported histopathologically as a mature cystic teratoma in collision with mucinous cystadenoma. To the best of our knowledge, this case report is the first to have identified a ruptured mature cystic teratoma in collision with mucinous cystadenoma in a pregnant woman.

Ectopic liver is a rare developmental abnormality. It is often asymptomatic and could be determined during the surgery. AIthough it could be detected in different areas of the body either below or above of the diaphragm, ectopic liver is usually found on the wall of the gallbladder. The importance of the ectopic liver came from the elevated risk of development of hepatocellulary carcinoma from ectopic tissue. Ectopic liver tissue could also mimic malign masses in radiographic studies. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsies could be helpful for preoperative diagnosis. Recently, widespread usage of laparoscopic techniques caused an increase on the description of ectopic liver tissues located on the gallbladder. Due to the potential risk of developing malignancy the resection of the mass should be the preferred approach for an incidentally or intraoperatively diagnosed ectopic liver tissue.

PubMed: 29736107 Introduction: An adnexal mass may be diagnosed after a routine pelvic ultrasonographic examination or an emergent hospital admission due to rupture of ectopic pregnancy, adnexal torsion or rupture of tuboovarian abscess. It is necessary to evaluate the origin of the mass initially and to classify patients who need further evaluation and treatment for an urgent condition.Case presentation: We report a case of sigmoid colon rupture due to sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma presenting as acute abdomen with left adnexal mass in a 28 years old woman. Abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed a left adnexal mass with suspicion of tuboovarian abscess. In laparatomy, rupture of sigmoid colon was observed and resection of sigmoid colon was performed. Histological examination of resection part revealed diagnosis of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma due to familial adenomatous polyposis.Conclusion: This case may be interesting for clinicians because pelvic pain, fever, increased infection markers in the laboratory and mass at ultrasonography or other screening methods could cause a misdiagnosis of tubaovarian abscess especially in reproductive age women. Before the operation of the pelvic mass of all age women with the diagnosis of tuboovarian abscess other causes of the pelvic abscess should come into mine and necessary preparation for operation must be done.

Hydatid cyst disease as a result of Echinococcus granulosus is endemic in many countries including Turkey and affects mostly liver and lungs. Isolated splenic involvement is rare. A 66-years-old female was referred to our clinic with epigastric tenderness and abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant that was intermitantly on set for two years. After the primary splenic hydatid cyst was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal computerized tomography imaging splenectomy was performed. The patient was on medical treatment with albendazole for three months after the operation and she is under control for twelve months without an event

Background and aims: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a herbal extract obtained from five different plants. It has a therapeutic potential for the management of external hemorrhage and controlling gastrointestinal bleeding. However, ABS's effects are not unknown on gastrointestinal systems. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short- and long-term systemic exposure and gastrointestinal safety following the oral administration of high-dose ABS in rats. Methods: Eighteen healthy adult male rats were included into the study. The rats were divided into 4 groups: group A was fed with high dose ABS (2ml/Kg) for one week, group B for one month, group C for three months and group D's diet did not contain any ABS. On termination of the ABS treatment, the gastrointestinal system from the esophagus to the anus and the liver were surgically removed and histological investigated. Results: During the study period, there was no mortality; signs of intoxication in any of the studied groups. No gastrointestinal tissue fibrosis, dysplasia, or metaplasia was detectable in any of the groups. The stomach had a normal morphology in all groups. However, the other gastrointestinal tract sections showed mucosal inflammation, goblet cell decrements, and intra-epithelial lymphocyte infiltration. The most common changes were mucosal inflammation in all rats in group B and C. Frequency of inflammation was greater in groups B and C in comparison to group A (P= 0.001). Loss of goblet cell and intra-epithelial lymphocyte infiltration were not significantly different between groups A and B (P=0.308 and P=0.189, respectively). However, there was significantly higher intra-epithelial lymphocyte infiltration in group C than in group A (P=0.04). Histopathological examination of the liver showed no inflammation, fibrosis, bile duct destruction or proliferation in any of the groups. However, each groups revealed vascular dilatation and erythrocyte accumulation at the sinusoidal structures of the liver. Conclusions: ABS seems to be a safe agent and it can be used for hemorrhage originated from gastric lesions. Further work needs to be done to establish whether ABS leads to be used to stop gastrointestinal bleeding.

To investigate nasopharyngeal reflux in children with otitis media with effusion (OME) using 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring and to determine whether nasopharyngeal reflux has a role in the etiology of OME.The study was performed in 20 children with OME and adenoid hypertrophy (± tonsillar hypertrophy) and in 20 controls who had adenoid hypertrophy (± tonsillar hypertrophy) without any ear problems. All subjects underwent 24-hour pH monitoring with a dual probe. The proximal probe was placed in the nasopharynx in this procedure.In the study group, 25% (5 of 20) of the patients were found to have nasopharyngeal reflux and 30% (6 of 20) of them were found to have esophageal reflux. On the other hand, nasopharyngeal reflux was detected in 3 (15%) of 20 children in the control group, whereas esophageal reflux was detected in 3 (15%) of them. When the groups were compared for the incidence of nasopharyngeal reflux and esophageal reflux, the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p.05).We detected higher nasopharyngeal and esophageal reflux rates in the OME group, although the difference between the groups studied was not statistically significant. This issue must be addressed in new studies performed in larger series.

Sclerosing encapsulated peritonitis (SEP) is a rare complication of long term peritoneal dialysis. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may play a role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of aliskiren, valsartan, and aliskiren + valsartan therapy on SEP. The study included 30 Wistar albino rats which were divided into five groups: I (Control) SF solution i.p.; II (CG group) chlorhexidine gluconate i.p.; III aliskiren oral plus CG i.p.; IV valsartan oral plus CG i.p.; and V aliskiren oral, valsartan oral and CG i.p. On the twenty-first day, all of the rats were sacrificed. All of the groups were analyzed in terms of peritoneal thickness, degree of inflammation, vasculopathy, neovascularization and fibrosis. Also, the parietal peritoneal tissue samples were evaluated for matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) using the ELISA method. Peritoneal thickness and fibrosis scores were lower in the valsartan group compared to the CG group (P0.05). Peritoneal fibrosis scores were lower in the aliskiren group compared to CG group (P0.05) but no difference was observed between the peritoneal thickness scores of the two groups (P0.05). Tissue MMP-2 levels were significantly higher in the CG group compared other groups (P0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the aliskiren, valsartan and aliskiren + valsartan groups according to the tissue MMP-2 levels. Due to the antifibrotic properties of valsartan, it is thought to be a possible choice to prevent SEP development. We found no positive impact of aliskiren or aliskiren + valsartan combination compared to valsartan alone.

Purpose Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents have recently become increasingly popular in the treatment of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of sirolimus on EPS in a rat model. Methods We separated 32 non-uremic rats into four groups: 1 control group, 2 ml isotonic saline injected IP daily for 3 weeks; 2 chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) group, 2 ml 0,1 % CG and 15 % ethanol dissolved in saline injected IP daily for 3 weeks; 3 resting group, CG (weeks 0-3) plus peritoneal rest (weeks 3-6); 4 sirolimus group, CG (weeks 0-3), plus 0.2 ml (1 mg/ml) sirolimus (weeks 3-6). Pathological samples were examined by using hematoxylin eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome stains. Peritoneal thickness, fibrosis, vascular changes, and inflammation were evaluated by light microscopy. Finally, tissue metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results In the CG group, there was a significant increase in peritoneal thickness, inflammatory activity, and fibrosis score compared to the control group (p

İnce barsak divertikülleri genellikle asemptomatik olup çok nadir görülürler. Bu nedenle tanıları genellikle operasyonlarda tesadüfen konulmaktadır. Bulantı, kusma, karın ağrısı gibi nonspesifik semptomlar da oluşturabilen bu divertiküller, nadiren ileus, gastrointestinal kanama, perforasyon, divertikülit gibi ciddi komplikasyonlara da neden olabilmektedirler. Jejunoileal divertiküllerin yol açabileceği nonspesifik semptomlar ve ciddi akut komplikasyonlar akılda tutulduğu takdirde erken tanı konulabilir ve bu divertiküllere bağlı morbidite ve mortalite oranları düşürülebilir. Bu yazıda üç gündür devam eden akut başlangıçlı karın ağrısı olan ve obstrüksiyona neden olan ince barsak divertikülü saptanan acil olgu tartışılmıştır.

Computed tomography CT is a commonly used imaging modality with a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Despite inflammatory changes of appendix seconder to bile leakage can cause CT findings of appendicitis, pathologically this condition is not considered as acute appendicitis since the inflammation begins from the serosal surface. In this study a case with right lower quadrant pain and appendicitis findings on CT but which was not considered as appendicitis pathologically is presented and discussed., Bilgisayarlı Tomografi BT akut apandisit tanısında yüksek özgüllük ve duyarlılığa sahip ve yaygın kullanımı olan bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Safra kaçağına bağlı apendikste inflamatuar değişiklikler BT’de apandisit bulgularına neden olmakla birlikte patolojik olarak bu durum serozal yüzeyden başlayan inflamasyon nedeni ile akut apandisit olarak kabul edilmemektedir. Bu çalışmada sağ alt kadran ağrısı olan ve bilgisayarlı tomografide apandisit bulguları bulunan, ancak histopatolojik incelemesi apandisit ile uyumlu olmayan bir olgu sunularak tartışıldı.

Background/Aim: Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a herbal extract that enhances mucosal healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of ABS in the treatment of experimental distal colitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty one male albino rats were divided into three groups: Sham control (Group 1), colitis induced by acetic acid and treated with saline (Group 2), colitis induced by acetic acid and treated with ABS (Group 3). At end of the 7 th day of induction, all the rats were lightly anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine (8 mg/kg) and thereafter laparotomy and total colectomy were performed. The distal colon segment was assessed macroscopically and microscopically. In addition malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels of the colonic tissue and changes in body weight were measured. Results: The MDA and NO levels of the colonic tissues and weight loss were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 and Group 3. Microscopic and macroscopic damage scores were significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 3 than Group 1 (P: 0.001, P: 0.004, respectively). Although the microscopic and macroscopic damage scores in Group 3 were slightly lower than Group 2, the difference was not statistically significant. The SOD levels of the colonic tissues were not different between the three groups. Conclusion: Weight alterations and high-levels of the colonic tissue MDA and NO suggested that ABS might have anti-inflammatory effects on experimental distal colitis. However, this suggestion was not supported by histopathological findings.