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A large area (∼ 900,000 km2) corresponding to Mato Grosso, a southern most State of the Brazilian Legal Amazon region, was selected for this study. All five channels of selected dates of 1988, 1989, and 1990, full resolution NOAA AVHRR data were investigated to map “forest” and “non‐forest” (“cerrado”) using on the screen visual interpretation. Maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) was used to classify deforestation for the 1988 AVHRR images. The vegetation map obtained by interpretation of AVHRR data agreed well with the available vegetation map used as reference. Results based on cells of 1° by 1.5° showed r2 = 0.94 (significant at α = 0.01) between the AVHRR map of forest and the available vegetation map. Comparisons for 1988 between AVHRR deforestation estimates and two independent estimates using TM data, i.e. Landsat TM band 5 habitat fragmentation and Landsat TM bands 3, 4, and 5 color composite deforestation estimates were within 3% of each other for the entire State (range from 71,128 km2 ...