Search

Chapter 4: Impacts of biological invasions on nature, nature’s contributions to people, and good quality of life of the Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services., Suggested citation: Bacher, S., Galil, B. S., Nuñez, M. A., Ansong, M., Cassey, P., Dehnen-Schmutz, K., Fayvush, G., Hiremath, A. J., Ikegami, M., Martinou, A. F., McDermott, S. M., Preda, C., Vilà, M., Weyl, O. L. F., Fernandez, R. D., and Ryan-Colton, E. (2023). Chapter 4: Impacts of biological invasions on nature, nature's contributions to people, and good quality of life. In: Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Roy, H. E., Pauchard, A., Stoett, P., and Renard Truong, T. (eds.). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7430731

Cryptocnemus grandidieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1865 (Fig. 1 A–C) Cryptocnemus Grandidierii A. Milne-Edwards 1865: 155, pl. 6, fig. 4; 1868: 72 (list). Cryptocnemus grandidieri, Guinot 1967: 250 (list). Material examined. Holotype, male (5.5 x 8.1), MNHN B-3987, Zanzibar, coll. A. Grandidier, 1864, preserved dry. Other material. 1 female (7.8 x 12.4), MZUF-4447, Kenya, Mombasa, reef, colls S. Cianfanelli, E. Talenti, G. Innocenti, Sept. 2000. Description. Carapace transversely suboval in outline, 1.6 times wide as long, with strongly expanded branchial regions concealing ambulatory legs; prominent tribranched ridge; margins lamellate, upcurved, closely and minutely scalloped (Fig. 1A). Front narrow, very slightly produced, upturned, triangular. Anterior margin distinctly sinuous, minutely and irregularly scalloped; lateral and posterior margins continuous, rounded; posterior margin bearing two flattened submedian lobes. Postfrontal median ridge prominent, finely granulate, meeting at raised, prominently granulate gastrocardiac region with granulate ridges extending to posterolateral angles. The rest of the upper surface of carapace is smooth to the naked eye. Hepatic regions concave, sloping from postfrontal median ridge. Antennule folded into slightly diagonal fossa. Ocular peduncle short. Orbital hiatus on infraorbital margin closed by basal segment of antenna. Suborbital region granulate. Anterolateral margin of buccal region raised, granulate, running parallel to anterolateral margin distally. Third maxilliped with merus nearly as long as ischium along mesial margin, granulate; exopod slightly arcuate along lateral margin, granulate. Surfaces of pterygostomial, sub-hepatic and sub-branchial regions smooth, sparsely punctate. Cheliped slender. Merus trigonal, posterior, anterior margins finely scalloped. Carpus globular, upper margin carinate. Palm laterally compressed, elongate; upper and lower margins carinate. Fingers short, tips crossing when closed, upper margin of dactyl scalloped. Ambulatory legs smooth, laterally compressed, carinate, lamellate, gradually decreasing in length from first to fourth, hidden in dorsal view by extended branchial regions of carapace when retracted. Pleon strongly convex, dome-like, obsoletely granulate, telson laciniate (Fig. 1B). Sternopleonal cavity with prominent, granulate rim, deep, completely covered by pleon; sutures separating thoracic sternites medially interrupted, median part of cavity smooth; vulvae on anterior edge of sternite 6, pushing into sternite 5, opening circular, with round operculum, inner margin raised. Colour (in life). Bone white, like bleached coral (fide G. Innocenti). Remarks. Alfred Grandidier, a French explorer and naturalist, visited Zanzibar in 1864 collecting “… quelques espèces très curieuses” (Grandidier 1868:5). Alphonse Milne Edwards (1868: 70), who described C. grandidieri from that material, remarked that the collection comprised a great number of samples the study of which seemed to him most interesting, because many belonged to new species, and some constitute forms distinct from all those known until then and impossible to place in any known genus. The species has not been reported since. The present specimen differs slightly from the illustrations accompanying A. Milne-Edwards’ description (1865: pl. 6, fig. 4) e.g., the front is triangular rather than horizontal and the anterior margins are sinuous. However, these disparities may be due to the angle of viewing the specimen (Fig. 1C). Geographical distribution. Known only from the type locality, Zanzibar, Tanzania (A. Milne-Edwards 1865), and now also from Mombasa, Kenya., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Innocenti, Gianna, 2019, Rare and new East African leucosiid crabs, pp. 139-145 in Zootaxa 4555 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2624072, {"references":["Milne-Edwards, A. (1865) Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux ou peu connus de la famille des Leucosiens. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 4, 5, 148 - 159.","Guinot, D. (1967) La Faune carcinologique (Crustacea Brachyura) de l'Ocean Indien Occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Catalogue, Remarques bibliographiques et biobliographie. In: Reunion de Specialistes C. S. A. sur les Crustaces, Zanzibar 1964. Memoires de l'Institute Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 77, 237 - 352.","Grandidier, A. (1868) Notice Sur L'Ile de Zanzibar. Bulletin de la Societe des sciences et arts de l'Ile de la Reunion, 1868, 67 - 100.","Milne-Edwards, A. (1868) Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux provenant des voyages de M. Alfred Grandidier a Zanzibar et a Madagascar. Nouvelles archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, 4, 69 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15910"]}

Leucisca halimedophila n. sp. (Figs 2A, B, 4 A���C) Material examined. Holotype, male (9.2 x 11.8), MZUF-4446, Kenya, Watamu, reef, colls S. Cianfanelli, E. Talenti, G. Innocenti. Sept. 2000. Paratypes, 1 male (10.4 x 7.8), 1 young female (6.5 x 8.1), MZUF-4930. Description of holotype. Carapace transversely suboval in outline, about 1.3 times as wide as long, with greatly expanded branchial regions concealing ambulatory legs; dorsal surface smooth to the naked eye, margins lamellate, upcurved, closely and minutely granular, prominent conical protuberance medially (Fig. 2A). Front narrow, produced, upturned; margin slightly concave. Anterolateral margin rounded, continuous with posterior margins; posterior margin slightly wider than frontal margin, sinuous, bearing two flattened submedian lobes. Rounded median ridge running from front to conical gastrocardiac protuberance, culminating in cluster of flattened granules. Intestinal region with low protuberance medially. Epibranchial ridge rounded, inconspicuous, running obliquely from gastrocardiac protuberance to posterolateral margin. Ocular peduncle very short. Antennule folded into oblique fossa. Infraorbital margin with orbital hiatus closed by basal segment of antenna, distally with granulate pit. Anterolateral margin of buccal region raised, granulate, running parallel to anterolateral margin distally, notched on anterior margin. Third maxillipeds with margins of exopod and endopod closely granulate; endopod merus nearly as long as ischium along mesial margin, distally granulate; exopod slightly arcuate. Surfaces of pterygostomial, sub-hepatic and sub-branchial regions smooth, sparsely punctate. Cheliped slender. Merus trigonal, margins prominently granulate. Carpus globular, granulate; upper margin carinate. Palm laterally compressed, elongate, margins carinate, boldly granular; inner surface bearing a curving row of pearliform granules extending to dactylar articulation. Fingers short, bearing rows of granules extending to tips, tips crossing when closed. Ambulatory legs granulate, laterally compressed, similar in shape, gradually decreasing in length from first to fourth, hidden by extended branchial regions of carapace in dorsal view when retracted; meri unicarinate, carpi, propodi bicarinate on upper margins, meri bicarinate, propodi unicarinate on lower margins. Pleon with proximal two somites narrow, yoke-shaped; distal somites fused, bearing large triangular denticle subterminally; telson subtriangular (Fig. 2B). G1 (Fig. 4A,B) stocky, sinuous, distally setose, tip claw like. G2 short, filiform, tip laciniate (Fig. 4C). Colour (in life). Carapace, legs, bone colored; brown stripe running along median ridge from front to conic gastrocardiac protuberance, 3 brown dots on posterior margin (fide G. Innocenti). Etymology. The specific epithet, halimedophila, alludes to the carapace shape of the new species, which convincingly resembles a segment of dead coralline algae (Halimeda spp.). Used as an adjective. Distribution. Known from specimens collected from the type locality ��� Watamu, Kenya. Remarks. Leucisca halimedophila n. sp. resembles L. rubifera (M��ller, l887) in the general outline of the carapace and chelipeds, and in possessing triangular denticle subterminally on male abdomen, but the present species is distinguished by a broader carapace, more prominent conic gastrocardiac protuberance, and less prominent intestinal protuberance than L. rubifera (M��ller l887: tab. 4, fig. 4, 4a,b; Tirmizi & Kazmi 1979: fig. 3a,b; Naderloo 2017: fig. 14.20). The posterior margin is produced, bearing two flattened submedian lobes, rather than smoothly convex as in L. rubifera. The granulation on margins of the carapace, thoracic sternites, 3rd maxillipeds are much finer than in L. rubifera. Finally, G1 is stocky, sinuous, distally setose, and with a claw-like distal tip, rather than styliform as in L. rubifera (Tirmizi & Kazmi 1979: fig. 3c; Naderloo 2017: fig. 14.21c)., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Innocenti, Gianna, 2019, Rare and new East African leucosiid crabs, pp. 139-145 in Zootaxa 4555 (1) on pages 140-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2624072, {"references":["Tirmizi, N. M. & Kazmi, Q. B. (1979) New Decapod Crustacean Records for the Northern Arabian Sea. Crustaceana, 36 (2), 181 - 185.","Naderloo, R. (2017) Atlas of Crabs of the Persian Gulf. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 444 pp."]}

Nobiliella margaritata n. sp. (Figs 3A, B, 4D) Material examined. Holotype, male (7.2 x 8.0), MZUF-4450, Eritrea, Massawa, Gurgussum, tidal zone, coll. L. Mares, Jan. 1975. Description. Carapace (Fig. 3A) subrhomboidal, 1.1 times as wide as long, prominently ridged, margins and dorsal surface boldly granulate. Front produced, upturned, medially concave, finely granulate; margin tridentate. Upper orbital margin unifissured. Mesogastric region convex. Gastrocardiac region prominently raised; gastric region with granulate protuberances laterally; cardiac region with median prominent protuberance bearing large pearly granules. Intestinal region with median prominent protuberance bearing large pearly granules, raised higher than cardiac protuberance. Hepatic region weakly demarcated; margin concave, separated from rounded epibranchial margin by small V-shaped notch. Hepatic facet well developed, concave. Pterygostomial margin ventrally projecting. Epibranchial region sloping anteriorly from epibranchial ridge; margin boldly granulate, slightly upturned, convex. Epibranchial ridge conspicuous, granulate; extending obliquely from gastric protuberances to granulate protuberance on metabranchial margin. Metabranchial region concave; margin oblique, imperceptibly concave. Posterior margin obsoletely trilobate, forming obtuse angle with metabranchial margin. Ocular peduncle short. Antennule obliquely folded in fossa. Basal segment of antenna fused with infraorbital lobe. Lateral margin of buccal frame granulate, minutely notched anterolaterally. Third maxilliped flattened, densely granulate, mesial margins finely granulate; merus as long as ischium along mesial margin; exopod with longitudinal rows of pearly granules along medially, slightly arcuate. Surfaces of sub-orbital, pterygostomial, subhepatic and sub-branchial regions covered with pearly granules. Chelipeds and ambulatory legs missing. Thoracic sternites bearing large pearly granules anteriorly; first to fourth sternites fused; sutures between fourth and fifth sternites to seventh and eighth sternites interrupted medially; sternopleonal cavity reaching first segment, margin rimmed with pearly granules. Male pleon with first somite narrow, yoke-shaped; fused somites elongate, trapezoidal, medially convex proximally, large flattened granules on proximal margin, distal margin with triangular denticle at right angle to abdomen; telson elongate, tongue-shaped (Fig. 3B). G1 (Fig. 4D) slender, sinuous; proximal calcareous portion with long setae distally, corneous portion distally wider, lobular, mesially notched. G2 short, filiform, tip triangular. Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin, margarita (pearl), for the pearl-like granules on its carapace. Used as an adjective. Distribution. Known from a single male specimen from Massawa, Eritrea. Remarks. Komatsu & Takeda (2003) transferred Nursia jousseaumei Nobili, 1905, and N. jousseaumei var. cornigera Nobili, 1905 (raising the latter to the specific rank), to a new genus, Nobiliella. Nobiliella margaritata n. sp. closely resembles its congeners in general body form, including granular dorsal ridges of the carapace and triangular tooth of the metabranchial margin, but it is easily distinguished from them by the extensive coverage of pearl-like granulation on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the carapace. Additionally, N. margaritata n. sp. differs from N. cornigera in possessing tridentate rather than bilobate frontal margin (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: figs 3a,b, 4e), less prominent triangular tooth on metabranchial margin (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: figs 3a, 4e,f). Nobiliella margaritata n. sp. shares with N. jousseaumei the protruding triangular denticle distally on male abdomen (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: figs 1e, 4d), but differs in the shape of the G1 tip (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig 1g,h)., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Innocenti, Gianna, 2019, Rare and new East African leucosiid crabs, pp. 139-145 in Zootaxa 4555 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2624072, {"references":["Komatsu, H. & Takeda, M. (2003) A new genus of leucosiid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Red Sea. Zoosystema, 25 (3), 413 - 423."]}

Gonioinfradens giardi (Nobili, 1905) (Figs 1–7) Thalamita Giardi Nobili, 1905: 164. Charybdis (Goniosoma) Giardi. — Nobili 1906: 115, pl. 5 fig. 23, pl. 7 fig. 34. Charybdis giardi. — Balss 1924: 3. Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) paucidentata .— Leene 1938: 131, figs 74‒76.— Stephensen 1945: 119. Gonioinfradens paucidentata. — Apel & Spiridonov 1998: 223, figs 40‒41, pl. 7.— Apel 2001: 72.— Naderloo & Sari 2007: 343. Gonioinfradens paucidentatus. — Corsini-Foka et al. 2010: 331, fig. 2.— Karhan & Yokeş 2012: 118, fig. 2. Type material. Gonioinfradens giardi. Lectotype: Persian Gulf, United Arab Emirates, Mission J. Bonnier and Ch. Pérez, Stn XLVII, pearl oysters banc, 25°10’N 55°10’E to 24°55’N 54°40’E, 10–15 fathoms, 1901, M 42.7 mm (MNHN IU 2014 11969, previously MNHN B.5657) id. as Thalamita giardi. Paralectotypes: same data as lectotype, F 38.3 mm (MNHN B.5657); Stn LII, pearl oysters banc, SW of Arzana I., SE of Zirkuh I., M 30.6 mm, F broken (MNHN B.5659); Station LIII, NE of Arzana I., F (broken) 27.8 mm, F immature 10.3 mm (MNHN B.5656); same data, 2 immature 9.9, 6.6 mm (MNHN B.5658). Other material examined. Djibouti, Rècif d’Ambouli, Mission J.L. Dantan, 1933, M immature 19.0 mm (MNHN). Israel, Ashdod, port breakwater, 31°50.26’N, 34°37.93’E, 5–15 m, 14 May 2017, coll. R. Gevili, M 46.5 mm (SMNHTAU-AR 29776). Description. Carapace 1.35–1.40 times as broad as long in adult males, regions ill-defined, smooth, glabrous. Faint, minutely granular transverse lines anteriorly: a pair each of frontal, protogastric, metagastric, epibranchial and a nearly straight unbroken line on mesogastric; frontal and mesogastric lines barely noticeable, only epibranchial line raised. Front, wider than posterior edge, cut into six lobes: median lobes rounded, submedian lobes slightly less prominent, skewed distad, anterior margins on slightly higher plane than latter, lateral lobes with oblique mesial margin and rounded lateral margin, projecting forward to the level of median lobes, separated from submedian lobes by wide, V-shaped incision. Inner supra-orbital angles raised higher than frontal lobes, larger, but similar in shape to submedian lobes. Basal antennal segment broad, roughly granular, bearing medially single prominent spine, curved distad; antennal flagellum excluded from orbital hiatus. Orbits wide, upper orbital margin bifissured, lower margin unifissured; inner infra-orbital angle prominent, triangular, tooth-like. Sub-orbital, subhepatic and pterygostomian regions sparsely pilose. Anterolateral border bearing four well-developed, finely granular teeth with anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex. Small ancillary teeth in between larger teeth: pointed triangular tooth basally on posterior margin of anterior tooth, and successively smaller, obtuse teeth in between large teeth. Posteriormost tooth markedly smaller. Posterolateral margins oblique, converging. Posterior margin nearly horizontal. Sternum bare and smooth, save for sparse punctae. Chelipeds unequal, massive. Merus bearing three spines on anterior margin, proximalmost smallest, none on posterior margin. Carpus bearing large spine on inner angle and three smaller spines on outer face, arranged equilaterally. Manus bearing spine proximally near carpal articulation, two closely set spines medially on upper surface (Fig. 3A–D), proximalmost spine pointing mesially, swollen above articulation with moveable finger; lateral margins smooth, but for low rounded protuberance distally near base of moveable finger; inner lower margin with closely set granulation proximally. Fingers deeply grooved, their cutting edges lined with rounded tubercules of unequal size, proximally with molariform tooth in larger chela. Ambulatory legs laterally compressed, propodus and dactylus 1–3 grooved laterally. Merus of natatory legs bearing prominent spine subdistally on posterior margin, dactylus and propodus foliaceous, propodus with a row of spinules on posterior margin. Male abdomen triangular, segments 3–5 fused, penultimate segment broader than long, lateral margins convex (Fig. 4A–D), telson triangular. G1 bent distad, distally cornute; outer margin lined with long spinules, mesial and ventral margins with rows of short spinules next to the tip (Fig. 5A). Female sternopleonal cavity with vulvae on sternite 6, round, slightly hooded (Fig. 6). Distribution. Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf. Recently recorded in the Mediterranean Sea from Turkey and Greece, newly recorded from Israel. Coloration. The carapace of the specimen collected off the Israeli coastline is mottled reddish brown dorsally, with a distinct Y-shaped dark brown mark centrally. The chelipeds are deep reddish brown with dark tipped fingers; the ambulatory legs reddish with pale colored bands near joints. Spines on the anterolateral margin of the carapace and chelipeds are distally light-banded and dark-tipped (Fig. 2). It is similar in color pattern to specimens from the Arabian Gulf (Apel & Spridonov 1998: pl. 7.7) and from Rhodes I. (Corsini-Foka et al. 2010: fig. 2). Remarks. Nobili’s (1905) brief description of Thalamita Giardi was based on a specimen with carapace length (cl) of 46 mm and width (cw) of 60 mm, of unspecified gender. Subsequently (Nobili 1906) renamed it Charybdis (Goniosoma) Giardi and listed 9 specimens (2 M in Stn 47, 1 M 2 F in Stn 52, 1 M, 3 F, 2 damaged, in Stn 53), but based his description and figures on the larger male specimen from Stn 53 (cl 42 mm, cw 61 mm). Leene (1938: 131) examined “two cotypes of Charybdis Giardi Nobili (Mission J. Bonnier et Ch. Perez 1901, stat. 52) and two other specimens of the latter species (1901, stat. 53). The cotypes (M and juv.) were much damaged; the larger specimen (F) of stat. 53 is better preserved, the other specimen was juvenile.” Leene’s description and illustration is based on “the largest specimen of stat. 53 of the Ch. Giardi specimens, at the same time comparing it with the original description by G. Nobili and with the cotypes” (Leene 1938: 131). The material from Stn 47 went unmentioned. Apel & Spiridonov (1998: 224) listed two immature syntype specimens (MNHN B.5658), a male and an immature female (MNHN B.5659), and a female and immature specimen collected NE of Arzanah I. (MNHN B.5657). A recent examination of the material revealed a mismatch in the number of specimens and station numbers with these accounts: the jar labeled as Stn 47 (MNHN B.5657) contained adult male and female specimens, the one labeled as Stn 52 (MNHN B.5659) adult male and single damaged female, and in the two jars labeled Stn 53 – one contained an adult female and an immature female (MNHN B.5656) and the other two immature specimens (MNHN B.5658) – for a total of eight specimens. It seems that over the past century the specimens may have been shifted from one jar to another – the larger male specimen (cl 42 mm) described from Stn 53 by Nobili (1906) is currently in a jar labelled Stn 47 (MNHN B.5657). As Nobili had not designated a holotype specimen, and some confusion arose since concerning the number of specimens and their collection numbers, all being syntypes, we hereby designate as lectotype the male specimen (cl 42.7 mm), collected in Stn XLVII, pearl oysters banc, Mission J. Bonnier and Ch. Pérez, 1901 (MNHN IU- 2014- 11969, previously MNHN B.5657), and the remaining syntypes become paralectotypes. The female type specimen of Goniosoma paucidentatum A. Milne Edwards, missing its chelae is preserved dry (MNHN 780) (Fig. 6). It accords well with Milne Edwards’ (1861) description. Nobili (1906: 119) considered it very close to Ch. (Goniosoma) Giardi: “ Goniosoma paucidentatum A. Edw. parait bien voisin de cette espèce, mais ses chélipèdes ne sont pas connus et l’article basilaire de l’antenne semble être conformé différemment”. Leene (1938: 131) then erroneously “suppose[d] this species [Ch. Giardi] is identical with G. paucidentatum A. M. Edw. ”, and placed it in synonymy to Ch. (Gonioinfradens) paucidentata. This was accepted by subsequent authors and Ch. (Goniosoma) giardi slid into obscurity despite consistent and obvious differences in color pattern and morphological characters (e.g., Sakai 1976: pl. 130, fig. 1; Poupin 1994: pl. 3e). Gonioinfradens paucidentata differs from G. giardi in the shape of frontal lobes (Figs 2,7), having the two spines medially on upper surface of palm set further apart (Fig. 3A, C, E), short rounded carina distally on inner and outer lateral palmar surfaces (Fig. 3B, D, F), lateral margins of penultimate segment of male abdomen nearly parallel, converging distally (Fig 4A–F), shape of G1 (Fig. 5) and color pattern. Based on morphological characters observed in the examined specimens, including type material, and the results of the molecular analyses based on the mitochondrial barcoding gene cytochrome oxidase sub unit I, G. giardi is reinstated as a valid species, and is thus withdrawn from synonymy with G. paucidentata. The former is confined to the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf, and was recently introduced to the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, whereas the latter is seemingly widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, recorded from Mauritius, Seychelles and Réunion to Japan, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Validated identification is of major concern for management of marine non-indigenous species as taxonomic identity provides information as to possible origin and pathway of introduction (Ojaveer et al. 2014). We join Evans and Schembri (2017: 199) in calling “…authors and reviewers to exercise caution and check identification carefully”., Published as part of Galil, Bella S., Douek, Jacob, Gevili, Roy, Goren, Menachem, Yudkovsky, Yana, Paz, Guy & Rinekvich, Baruch, 2018, The resurrection of Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) giardi (Nobili, 1905), newly recorded from the SE Mediterranean Sea, pp. 580-590 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 582-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1147383, {"references":["Nobili, M. G. (1905) Decapodes nouveaux des cotes d'Arabie et du Golfe Persique. (Diagnoses preliminaires.) Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 11 (3), 158 - 164.","Nobili, M. G. (1906) Mission J. Bonnier et Ch. Perez (Golfe Persique 1901). Crustaces Decapodes et Stomatopodes. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 40, 13 - 159.","Balss, H. (1924) Decapoden des Roten Meeres. III. Die Parthenopiden, Cyclo- und Catometopen. In: Expedition S. M. Schiff \" Pola \" in das Rote Meer, nordliche und sudliche Halfte 1895 / 96 - 1897 / 98. Zoologische Ergebnisse. XXXIV. Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 99 (6), 1 - 18.","Leene, J. E. (1938) The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga-Expedition. VII. Brachygnatha: Portunidae. Siboga Expeditie Monografie, 39 C 3 (131), i - iv + 1 - 156.","Stephensen, K. (1945) The Brachyura of the Iranian Gulf with an Appendix: The male pleopod of the Brachyura. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran. Part 4. E. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 181 pp. [pp. 57 - 237]","Apel, M. & Spiridonov, V. A. (1998) Taxonomy and Zoogeography of the portunid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) of the Arabian Gulf and adjacent waters. Fauna of Arabia, 17, 159 - 331.","Apel, M. (2001) Taxonomie und Zoogeographie der Brachyura, Paguidea und Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) des Persisch-Arabischen Golfes. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften. Vorgelegt beim Fachbereich Biologie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt am Main, 255 pp.","Naderloo, R. & Sari, A. (2007) Subtidal crabs of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. New collections and biogeographic considerations. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 10 (3), 341 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14634980701514620","Corsini-Foka, M., Pancucci-Papadopoulo, A., Kondilatos, G. & Kalogirou, S. (2010) Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1861) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae): a new alien crab in the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 11 / 2, 331 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 80","Karhan, S. U. & Yokes, M. B. (2012) An earlier record of the Indo-Pacific swimming crab, Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) off the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Crustaceana, 85 (1), 117 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854012 X 623575","Milne Edwards, A. (1861) Etudes zoologiques sur les Crustaces recents de la famille des Portuniens. Archives du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 10, 309 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10629","Sakai, T. (1976) Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent Seas. Vol. 1 - 3. Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo, xxix + 773 pp., 379 figs; 6 + 251 pls.; 461 pp., 2 figs., 3 maps. [Vol. 1: English text: pp. i - xxix + 1 - 773., Figs. 1 - 379; Vol. 2: Pls. 1 - 6 + 1 - 251; Vol. 3: Japanese text: pp. 1 - 461, Figs. 1 - 2, 3 maps]","Poupin, J. (1994) Quelques crustaces decapodes communs de Polynesie Francaise. Rapport scientifique du Service Mixte de Surveillance Radiologique et Biologique de l'homme et de l'environnement, Montlhery Cedex, France, 86 pp.","Ojaveer, H., Galil, B. S., Minchin, D., Olenin, S., Amorim, A., Canning-Clode, J., Chainho, P., Copp, G., Gollasch, S., Jelmert, A., Lehtiniemi, M., McKenzie, C., Mikus, J., Miossec, L., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Pecarevic, M., Pederson, J., Quilez- Badia, G., Wijsman, J. & Zenetos, A. (2014) Ten suggestions for advancing assessment and management of nonindigenous species in marine ecosystems. Marine Policy, 44, 160 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpol. 2013.08.019","Evans, J. & Schembri, P. J. (2017) On the occurrence of Cephalopholis hemistiktos and C. taeniops (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Serranidae) in Malta, with corrections of previous misidentifications. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 47 (2), 197 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIEP / 02064"]}

Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) paucidentatus. Holotype: Mauritius, F 46.0 mm (MNHN B.780), preserved dry, damaged. Aldabra, 20 m, 16 May 1954, F immature 17.0 mm (MNHN). Mayotte I, Mission Kuw, Stn 22, Choizil Ilet, Malandzamiayajou, 12°40’14.34”S, 45°2’42.66”E, 30–35 m, coll. JM Bouchard, J Dumas, V. Dinhut, reef-sand interface, 12 November 2009, F 29.8 mm, F ovigerous 26.1 mm (MP B.32473); stn 34, “du Préfet” beach, 12°39’47.28”S, 45°5’25.02”E, 2–8 m, coll. J.M. Bouchard & J. Dumas, 20 November 2009, F ovigerous 37.6 mm (MP B.32471). Reunion I., 80 m, May 1974, coll. P Gueze, det. A. Crosnier, M 37.3 mm (MNHN B.5660); 150–300 m, det. D. Guinot as Charybdis paucidentata, M 39.8 mm (MP B.5655). New Caledonia, Grand recif, Neokumbi, 7 m, 7 October 1986, det. A. Crosnier as Charybdis paucidentata, M 35.0 mm (MP B.18950); external face of reef, 45 m, 3 March 1988, M 46.1 mm (MP B.25967). French Polynesia. Marquesas Is., Tahuata I., stn 297, 9°54.3’S, 139°04.4’W, 100 m, 31 August 1990, coll. J. Poupin, M 46.9 mm, F 44.6 mm (MNHN); Hiva-Oa I., 9°49.7’S, 139°05.5’W, 100 m, September 1989, coll. J. Poupin, det A. Crosnier as Charybdis paucidentata, M 51.3 mm F 46.0 mm (MNHN); Tuamotu Archipelago, Taiaro Atoll, 15°45’S, 144°40’W, 12–20 February 1994, coll. J. Poupin, 2 M 43.7, 37.9 mm, F 39.0 mm (MNHN IU-2014-11971)., Published as part of Galil, Bella S., Douek, Jacob, Gevili, Roy, Goren, Menachem, Yudkovsky, Yana, Paz, Guy & Rinekvich, Baruch, 2018, The resurrection of Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) giardi (Nobili, 1905), newly recorded from the SE Mediterranean Sea, pp. 580-590 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 583-584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1147383

Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948 (Figs 3, 4, 5, 6) Synonym section: Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948: 12, fig. 3.—Myers, 1970: 141, fig. 1–2.—Myers, 1972: 790; 1981: 218.— Ledoyer, 1973: 40.—Griffiths, 1974 b: 282.—Asari & Myers, 1982: 252, figs 9–10.—Lowry & Stoddart, 2003: 70 (catalogue). Grandidierella megnae. —Chilton, 1921: 548, fig. 10.—Stephensen, 1933: 434.—Shoemaker, 1935: 70. Unciolella lunata.—Schellenberg, 1928: 669, fig. 207. Grandidierella bonnieri.—K.H. Barnard, 1935: 299.—Panikkar & Aiyar, 1937: 294.—Schellenberg, 1938: 215.—Shoemaker, 1948: 11, fig. 3.—K.H. Barnard, 1951: 708; 1952: 279, fig. 1.—Ruffo, 1958: 58, figs 8, 9.—Nayar, 1959: 38, pl. 14, figs 1–5; 1966: 161, fig. 17 f. —Ledoyer, 1967: 137, fig. 28 a; 1968: 287, fig. 25 b.—Griffiths, 1973: 283; 1974 a: 228. Material examined. Israel. Haifa Bay 32 ° 55 ’ 07’’ N, 35 ° 04’ 33 ’’ E, depth 7.85 m, 7 August 2014, 8 males, 48 females, 171 immature (1 male, 6 females, 27 immature; 3 males, 29 females, 99 immature; 4 males, 13 females, 45 immature, respectively in the three replicates). 1 male, 2 females, 10 immature (SMNH TAU AR- 29389), the balance retained in the Zoological Museum of the University of Palermo (MZPA-AMPH-0008). (The bold-italic parts are diagnostic descriptions). Diagnosis: Male, 3.3 mm (MZPA-AMPH-0008m). Head lateral cephalic lobes apically truncate. Antenna 1 flagellum with about 19 articles; accessory flagellum with one long and one distal rudimentary article. Antenna 2 with few long setae. Lower lip with fine setae only. Maxilla 1 inner plate without setae. Mandible, palp article 3 subequal to 2, posterior margin substraight, setae distal. Pereonites 1–3 with apically acute sternal spines. Gnathopod 1 enlarged in males only; coxa unproduced anterodistally. Gnathopod 1 coxa ventral margin without small spine, basis robust, half or more as broad as long, without a spine, anterior margin without stridulating ridges, posterodistal margin with setae sparse, anterodistal margin with flange weak; ischium anterior margin without flange, posterior margin with setae sparse; merus not greatly elongated, fused along its entire length with carpus, posterior margin with sparse setae, without posterodistal spine; carpus twice length of propodus, anterior margin without stridulating ridges, with setae sparse, anterior margin with no spine, a row of setae on inner face, posterior margin with submarginal spine (lacking in smaller males), strong posterodistal spine, and smaller obtuse distal spine ; propodus, anterior margin weakly setiferous, posterior margin straight or evenly convex, palm absent; dactylus more than half length of propodus. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; basis anterodistal margin without flange, posterodistal margin without robust setae, with few setae along length of basis; merus not enlarged or produced away from carpus; carpus longer than propodus, anterior margin not lobate, with a few spaced setae; propodus with few setae, palm with pair of robust setae defining palm. Pereopod 3 – 7 absent in all the Mediterranean collected specimens. Uropod 1 rami subequal, peduncle much longer than broad, distoventral spine one fifth length of peduncle. Uropod 2 biramous; peduncle without distoventral spine. Uropod 3 uniramous, ramus at least twice length of peduncle. Telson with distal fine setae only. Female, 3.25 mm (MZPA-AMPH-0008f) (sexually dimorphic characters). Sternal spines absent. Gnathopod 1 basis slender, much less than half as broad as long; carpus a little longer than propodus; propodus palm present, evenly continuous with posterior margin, posterior margin with three robust setae; dactylus significantly overlapping palm. Remarks. Among all the Aoridae known from Mediterranean Sea (Myers 1982; Christodoulou 2013) and Red Sea (Ruffo 1959; Sorbe et al. 2002), only Grandidierella genus has together uropod 3 uniramous and gnathopod 1 carpochelate in male. The only Grandidierella species, recorded in area adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, are G. japonica from Atlantic coast of France (Jourde et al. 2013) and G. bonnieroides from the Red Sea side of Suez Canal (Schellenberg 1928). These two species can be delimited by the presence/absence of the transverse ridges on the anterior margin of carpus of the gnathopods 1 in male, present in G. japonica and absent in G. bonnieroides. Further, the presence of a submarginal spine on the posterior margin of the carpus of the male gnathopod 1 is a character that distinguishes G. bonnieroides from the other closely related species (Ledoyer 1967; Myers 2009)., Published as part of Brutto, Sabrina Lo, Iaciofano, Davide, Lubinevsky, Hadas & Galil, Bella S., 2016, Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948 (Amphipoda, Aoridae) — first record of an established population in the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 518-528 in Zootaxa 4092 (4) on pages 521-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261888

Family AORIDAE Stebbing, 1899, Published as part of Brutto, Sabrina Lo, Iaciofano, Davide, Lubinevsky, Hadas & Galil, Bella S., 2016, Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948 (Amphipoda, Aoridae) ��� first record of an established population in the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 518-528 in Zootaxa 4092 (4) on page 521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261888

Genus Grandidierella Couti��re, 1904, Published as part of Brutto, Sabrina Lo, Iaciofano, Davide, Lubinevsky, Hadas & Galil, Bella S., 2016, Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948 (Amphipoda, Aoridae) ��� first record of an established population in the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 518-528 in Zootaxa 4092 (4) on page 521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261888

Brutto, Sabrina Lo, Iaciofano, Davide, Lubinevsky, Hadas, Galil, Bella S. (2016): Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948 (Amphipoda, Aoridae) — first record of an established population in the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 4092 (4): 518-528, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.3

Family AORIDAE Stebbing, 1899

Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) Scorpaena dactyloptera Delaroche, 1809: 337, Pl. 22, fig. 9. Type locality: Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain. Helicolenus dactylopterus, Pisanty & Golani, 1995: 389. Distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean; depth range 50���1100 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Pisanty, S. & Golani, D. (1995) Vertical distribution of demersal fish on the continental slope of Israel (Eastern Mediterranean) In: Armentraut, N. B. (Ed.), Condition of the World's Aquatic Habitat. Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress. Theme 1. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp. 386 - 395."]}

Urnalana chevreti (Haswell, 1880) (Fig 5 D) Leucosia chevertii Ovaere, 1987: 200, figs 3 b, 6 c; Ng et al. 2008: 95 (list). Material examined. 1 male (10.6 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 615); 1 female (11.6 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-12759), stn PD 22, south Sek I., 05��06.3'S 145 �� 49.2 'E, 12���20 m, 14 ��� 15.11.2012; 1 male (11.3 mm) (ZRC 2014.0167), stn PD 45, Rempi Area, west Barag I., 05��01.2'S 145 �� 47.9 'E, 5���10 m, 22 ��� 23.11.2012. Colour in life. Dorsal surface of carapace bone coloured, minutely dotted red on post frontal ridge, pale brownish blotches on hepatic regions, dotted red, pale brownish stripe medially on gastric, cardiac regions, pale brownish blotches laterally near branchial margins. Cheliped pale pink, granules slightly darker pink; fingers proximally red. Ambulatory legs with pale orange spots (Fig. 5 D). Geographical distribution. South China Sea, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, Arafura Sea, Australia (western coast), Papua New Guinea (Galil 2005)., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on pages 479-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Ovaere, A. A. (1987) The fur-bearing species of the genus Leucosia from Northern Papua New Guinea, with a description of two new species (Crustacea, Brachyura). Bulletin de l'institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 57, 185 - 204.","Galil, B. S. (2005) Contribution to the knowledge of Leucosiidae III. Urnalana gen. nov. (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zoologische Mededelingen, 79 (2), 9 - 40."]}

Benthocometes robustus (Goode & Bean, 1886) Neobythites robustus Goode & Bean, 1886: 161. Type locality: Off Moro Castle, Havana, Cuba. Benthocometes robustus, Bilecenoglu et al., 2006: 87; Deval, 2013: 311. Distribution. Atlantic and Mediterranean; depth range 500���1000 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Bilecenoglu, M., Kaya, M. & Irmak, E. (2006) First records of the slender snipe eel, Nemichthys scolopaceus (nemichthyidae), and the robust cusk-eel, Benthocometes robustus (ophidiidae), from the Aegean sea. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 30, 85 - 88.","Deval, M. C. (2013) New records and uncommon occurrences of deep-water fishes in the Turkish Mediterranean Sea (Osteichthyes). Zoology in the Middle East, 59, 308 - 313. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2013.868132"]}

Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Squalus granulosus Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 135,136. Type locality: unknown (White et al., 2013). Centrophorus granulosus Gilat & Gelman, 1984: 257 –271; Golani, 1987: 25, fig. 2 A,B; Pisanty & Golani, 1995: 389; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201; 2002: 151; Golani & Pisanty, 2000: 72 –73. Material examined. 1 spec, TAU P- 13063, Israel, off Haifa Bay, 1500 m, coll. Galil, 1 December, 1991. This is a depth record for this species. Distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean and western Pacific; depth range 50–1440 m.

Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758: 259. Type locality: Southern Europe. Ophidion barbatum, Goren & Galil, 2002: 150. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean; depth range "? ��� 150 m ". Collected off Israel at a depth of 1456 m (Goren & Galil, 2002)., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (2002) On the occurrence of Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927 and Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean, with a note on the deep sea fish community in this region. Cybium, 26, 150 - 152."]}

Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788) Trichiurus caudatus Euphrasen, 1788: 52, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) Type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Lepidopus caudatus, Ben-Tuvia, 1971: 20. Distribution. Circumglobal; depth range 100���600 m, and from 333���620 m in the eastern Ionian Sea., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Ben-Tuvia, A. (1971) Revised list of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 1 - 39."]}

Raylilia uenoi (Takeda, 1995) (Fig. 4 D) Material examined. 1 young female (10.4 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 117), stn PR07, Madang Harbour, 05�� 12.5 'S 145 �� 48.5 'E, 2���17 m, 7.11. 2012. Colour in life. Dorsal surface of carapace deep gold-coloured, frontal region laterally framed with dark lines, intestinal tubercle white, orange crescents posteriorly to submedian branchial spines. Cheliped merus dark orange, palm and fingers pale orange. Ambulatory legs with 2 orange bands on meri, proximally on carpi, propodi (Fig. 4 D). Geographical distribution. Madagascar to New Caledonia (Galil 2001 c), Vanuatu (Galil & Ng 2010). New record for Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on pages 460-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Galil, B. S. (2001 c) A new genus and species of leucosiid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Zoosystema, 23 (1), 65 - 75.","Galil, B. S. & Ng, P. K. L. (2010) On a collection of calappoid and leucosioid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) from Vanuatu, with description of a new species of Leucosiidae. In: Studies on Brachyura: a homage to Daniele Guinot. Castro, P., Davie, P. J. F., Ng, P. K. L. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.) Crustaceana Monographs, 11, 139 - 152. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / ej. 9789004170865. i- 366.87"]}

Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco, 1838) Nyctophus gemellarii Cocco, 1838: 186, Pl. 7, fig. 9. Type locality: Strait of Messina, Sicily, Italy. Lobianchia gemellarii, Cihangir et al., 2003: 488. Distribution. Circumglobal; depth range 25��� 800 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Cihangir, B., Tirasin, E. M., Unluoglu, A., Benli, H. A. & Bizsel, K. C. (2003) New records of three deep-sea fishes: Diaphus rafinesquei (Myctophidae), Lobianchia gemellarii (Myctophidae), and Notolepis rissoi (Paralepididae) from the Aegean Sea (Turkish coast). Journal of Ichthyology C / C of Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 43, 486 - 489."]}

Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli, 1884 Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli 1884: 228. Type locality: Genoa, Italy. Hymenocephalus italicus, Golani, 1996: 35; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201. Material examined. 2 spec, TAU 13535, Eratosthenes seamount, 33 �� 47.75N, 33 �� 22.65N, 927 m., coll. Galil, 21 June 2006. This is a depth record for the Levant. Distribution. Atlantic and Mediterranean; depth range 100���1400 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 514, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Golani, D. (1996) The marine ichthyofauna of the eastern Levant-history, inventory, and characterization. Israel Journal of Zoology, 42 (1), 15 - 55.","Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}

Ryphila bertrandi sp. nov. (Figs. 4 E, 9, 10) Material examined. Holotype: female (11.5 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-12749), stn PD 72, between Yabob & Bil Bil I., 05�� 16.2 'S 145 �� 46.5 'E, 20���25 m, 6.12. 2012. Paratypes: 1 ovigerous female (9.6 mm) (ZRC 2015.270), same data as holotype; 1 ovigerous female (12.5 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-12750), stn PD 68, south Kesup Gun River mouth, 05�� 16 'S 145 �� 46.5 'E, 2���3 m, Papua New Guinea, 4.12. 2012. Description. Carapace discoidal, with shallow branchio-cardiac grooves (Fig. 9 A, B). Dorsal surface of carapace minutely granular anteriorly, with closely-spaced pearliform granules on branchial, cardial, intestinal regions. Frontal margin horizontal, setose (Fig. 9 C). Margins of carapace closely beaded, granules smaller anteriorly (Fig. 9 E). Hepatic facet distinct. Pterygostomian region prominently granular (Fig. 9 F). Epimeral, posterior surfaces minutely granular. Antennular fossa sealed by basal antennular article. Antennae short, inserted between antennular fossa, orbit. Eyes retractable. Epistome continuous with expanded, beaded subhepatic margin, projecting beyond frontal margin, medially notched. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel forms part of lower orbital margin, entire, fissure situated ventrally to orbit. Third maxilliped exopod semicircular (Fig. 9 F), expanded, densely setose; endopod triangular, merus densely setose, shorter than ischium along inner margin, apex invisible in dorsal view. Chelipeds subequal. Cheliped merus 0.6 as long as carapace in female; entirely covered with pearliform granules, decreasing in size distally (Fig. 10 A���C). Carpus with row of minute granules on inner margin; patch of minute granules distally on dorsal margin. Dorsal margin of chela cristate, with 2 parallel rows of granules, ventral margin minutely granular. Fingers slightly longer than palm, cutting edges cristate, distally denticulate. Ambulatory legs slender, short, meri subcylindrical, longer than carpi, propodi, ventral margin minutely granular; dorsal, ventral propodal margins carinate; dactyli longer than propodi, lanceolate, terminating in cornute tips. Female abdomen with first 2 somites transversely narrow, yoke-like, granular; somites 3���6 fused, greatly enlarged, shield-like, proximally granular; telson laciniate (Fig. 10 E). Thoracic sternites with closely spaced pearliform granules. Vulvae submedially near suture 6 / 5; small, rounded, opening interiorly, hooded by calcified pear-shaped dome (Fig. 10 D). Colour in life. Dorsal surface of carapace and chelipeds brown, granules bright orange-red, pale blotches on post orbital regions, and on both sides of cardiac region. Rounded knob distally on cheliped merus bright red, finger tips white. Ambulatory legs pale, spotted red on merus and carpus (Fig. 4 E). Remarks. Ryphila bertrandi sp. nov. shares with it congeners R. cancellus (Herbst, 1783) and R. verrucosa (Henderson, 1893) a projecting epistome and ventral margin of hepatic facet and reniform third maxilliped exopod. It is clearly distinguished from both, however, in having cheliped merus entirely covered with pearliform granules dorsally rather than with several rows of pearliform granules, and the carapace dorsally minutely granular anteriorly, with larger pearliform granules on the branchial, cardiac and intestinal regions. Etymology. In honour of our good friend, Bertrand Richer de Forges, intrepid explorer and collector of crabs from all over the Indo-West Pacific. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from type location, Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517

Tanaoa retpela sp. nov. (Figs. 5 A, 14, 15F���K) Material examined. Holotype: male (36.5 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-7961), stn CP 3984, Bismarck Sea, northwest Long I., 05�� 12 'S 146 �� 59 'E, 500 m, 6.12. 2012. Paratypes: 1 male (39.0 mm) (ZRC 2015.272), stn CP 3978, Bismarck Sea, north Bagabag Is., 04�� 45 'S 146 �� 12 'E, 456���582m, 5.12. 2012. Additional material: BIOPAPUA ��� 1 female (29.5 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011-3835), stn CP 3653, west of New Hanover, 02�� 13 ���S 150 �� 23 ���E, 680���700 m, 28.08.2010; 2 males (38.4 mm, 29.8 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011 - 914), stn CP 3655, west of New Hanover, 02�� 15 ���S 150 �� 16 ���E, 402���440 m, 28.08.2010; 1 male (39.1 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011-2098), stn CP 3669, north of Rabaul, 04��08���S 151 �� 56 ���E, 382���389 m, 24.09.2010; 1 female (28.7 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011-2481), stn CP 3681, Vitu I., 04�� 38 ���S 149 �� 27 ���E, 564���712 m, 27.09.2010; 1 male (28.6 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011-2478), stn CP 3682, Vitu I., 04�� 38 ���S 149 �� 28 ���E, 515���812 m, 27.09.2010; 3 juveniles (11.7���12.5 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011-2563), stn DW 3748, seamounts near Bougainville, 05�� 37 ���S 154 ��01���W, 398���399 m, 12.10.2010; 1 male (21.4 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011- 2710), stn CP 3695, Feni Is., 02�� 10 ���S 147 �� 15 ���W, 198 m, 14.10.2010; 3 females (19.5 ���21.0 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2011- 2299), stn CP 3760, Is., 03�� 58 ���S 153 �� 43 ���W, 613���660 m, 14.10. 2010. Description. Carapace rounded, slightly wider than long, globose; gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions laterally demarcated by deep grooves (Fig. 14 A). Dorsal surface covered densely by rounded, pearliform granules of various sizes; 4 pairs of pits along branchiocardiac line, additional pair on mesogastric region (Fig. 14 A). Intestinal region swollen, anteriorly with rounded median carina, posteriorly with granular tubercle (Fig. 14 A). Front narrow, slightly produced, upturned, closely set with granules, divided into 2 rounded lobes (Fig. 14 A���C). Eyes small, retractable within orbit, minutely granulose eyestalk exposed (Fig. 14 B). Outer orbital margin with 3 sutures. Vshaped gap proximally on ventral margin. Antennular fossae below frontal lobes oblique, antennules obliquely folded, basal antennular operculiform, sealing lower half of antennular aperture when retracted. Antennae small, slender, basal antennal article inserted in orbital hiatus. Postorbital region concave. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel convex, produced, bilobed, separated by narrow groove from lower orbital margin (Fig. 14 B, C). Outer surface of third maxillipeds granular, granules more prominent anteriorly, forming granular ridge mesially on endopod (Fig. 14 C). Hepatic margin medially with granular tubercle (Fig. 14 B, C). Subhepatic region produced, inflated, with horizontal line medially free of granules (Fig. 14 B, C). Epibranchial margin with 3 equidistant granular tubercles (Fig. 13 A). Posterolateral margins rounded. Posterior margin of carapace narrow, laterally with 2 prominently granular tubercles (Fig. 14 A). Chelipeds slender, subequal, covered with small granules on all articles, including fingers (Fig. 14 A, F). Cheliped merus, subcylindrical, not nearly as long as carapace; palm subcylindrical, 0.6 as long as merus; fingers longer than dorsal margin of palm, granules arraigned in longitudinal lines, cutting edges denticulate (Fig. 14 A, F). Ambulatory legs slender; decreasing in size posteriorly; merus, carpus, propodus granular, granules more prominent dorsally; dorsal surface of dactylus setose, dactylar tips corneous (Fig. 14 A, G). Thoracic sternites set with granules of various sizes; sternite 4 anteriorly inflated (Fig. 14 D). Male abdominal cavity deep, nearly reaching buccal cavity, anterior margin of cavity ogive, slightly raised (Fig. 14 D). Male abdomen triangular, elongated; abdominal somites 1, 2 transversely narrow; somite 1 yoke-like, somite 2 medially convex as it fits into cavity of somite 1; somites 3���6 fused, proximo-lateral regions greatly inflated, granular; subterminally with horizontal ridge, anterior margin with quadrate denticle; telson slender, 1 / 3 as long as fused somites, not reaching tip of abdominal cavity (Fig. 14 D, E). G 1 elongated, slightly sinuous, attenuate, with preapical digitate process perpendicular to tip, opening facing dorsally (Fig. 15 F���J); G 2 short, distally scoop-like (Fig. 15 K). Colour in life. Carapace bright orange-red mottled bone-white. Cheliped merus pale orange, distal part bright orange; palm, fingers mottled pale orange. Ambulatory legs pale (Fig. 5 A). Etymology. From retpela for ���red��� or ���orange��� in Tok Pisin, the Pidgin language spoken in Papua New Guinea. The name is used as a noun in apposition. Remarks. Tanaoa distincta, T. serenei, T. kuka sp. nov. and T. retepela sp. nov. are all superficially similar in external appearance. Adults, however, are easy to separate using several reliable characters. Ng & Richer de Forges (2007) appraised the taxonomy of T. distincta and T. serenei, noting that the granulation degree and pattern on the carapace was reliable as a character, and their G 1 differ. Among the four species, the granules on the carapace are finest in T. kuka sp. nov. (Fig. 13 A, B), T. distincta slightly coarser (Fig. 11 A, B). In T. serenei, the granules are large and densely packed (Fig. 12 A, B), while in T. retepela sp. nov. the granules are spaced further apart (Fig. 14 A, B). Tanaoa kuka sp. nov. is distinguished from the named species by its proportionately elongated chela and palm (Figs. 13 A, F, 11 A, F, 12 A, F, 14 A, F). With regards to the ambulatory legs, the meri of T. serenei and T. kuka sp. nov. are proportionately the most slender and longest; but whereas in T. serenei, the meri bear sharp granules (Fig. 12 A, G) in T. kuka sp. nov. the meri are smoother (Fig. 13 A, G). The ambulatory meri of T. distincta and T. retepela sp. nov. are proportionately shorter (Figs. 11 A, G, 14 A, G). The G 1 of T. distincta is distinct in that the distal part has broad folds or is only subtruncate, lacking subdistal processes (Ng & Richer de Forges 2007: fig. 4 A���D). The G 1 of T. kuka sp. nov. bears a subdistal bifurcate process (Fig. 15 C, D). The G 1 of T. serenei and T. retepela sp. nov. are superficially similar (Fig. 15 F���J; Ng & Richer de Forges 2007: fig. 4 E, F) in that there is a long subdistal process which tapers to a sharp tip. The overall gonopod structure of T. retepela sp. nov. is nevertheless relatively stouter and the subdistal process relatively shorter (Fig. 15 F���J) compared to the more slender one of T. serenei which has a relatively longer subdistal process (Ng & Richer de Forges 2007: fig. 4 E, F). Geographical Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on pages 463-475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Ng, P. K. L. & Richer de Forges, B. (2007) A new genus and new species of leucosiid crab from New Caledonia, with a note on the validity of Tanaoa serenei (Richer de Forges, 1983) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Zootaxa, 1662, 15 - 24."]}

Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829 Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829: 146. Type locality: Messina, Sicily, Italy. Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Galil & Goren, 1994: 49; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201, 2002: 151. Distribution. Circumglobal; depth range 0���2400 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Galil, B. S. & Goren, M. (1994) The deep sea Levantine Fauna. New records and rare occurrences. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 41 - 52.","Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}

Alox naispela sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A, B, 6 A���E, 8 A) Material examined. Holotype: 1 ovigerous female (8.3 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 1352), stn PD 31, Alexishafen, 05��05.3'S 145 �� 48.1 'E, 1���6 m, 17.12. 2012. Paratypes: 1 immature female (6.3 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 1193), stn PD 66, south Yabob I., 05�� 15.5 'S 145 �� 47.3 'E, 2���6 m, 3.12.2012; 1 immature female (6.6 mm) (ZRC 2015.269), stn PD 73, Madang, 6.12. 2013. Description. Carapace (Fig. 6 A���D) laterally expanded, 1.5 times as wide as long, irregularly rimmed, dorsal surface prominently sculpted, pitted, irregularly covered with coalesced flattened granules, resembling eroded coral rubble. Front narrow, produced, upcurved, bilobed, medially deeply pitted. Anterior margin of carapace vertical. Antennule well developed, basal antennular article operculiform, rugose, entirely sealing subovate antennular fossa. Antennae folded in orbital hiatus without gap. Orbits small, rounded, visible in dorsal view; ocular peduncle nearly seals orbit when retracted. Third maxillipeds concealing buccal cavity, closely set with flattened granules (Fig. 8 A); merus with pointed apex, outer margin convex, surface with median shallow depression; ischium twice as long as merus along inner margin. Anterior, lateral margins of carapace upturned to form granular rim; posteriorly, margin forms granular ridge merging with branchial protuberances. Anterolateral margin with 2 closed fissures, subhepatic margin with angular, granular, facet medially, visible in dorsal view. Posterolateral margin with prominently granular angular facet submedially. Posterior margin produced, narrow, bilobate. Postfrontal median longitudinal ridge narrow, distinct, merging into cardiac region; on either side of ridge slightly anterior to branchial regions a granular protuberance, pitted anteriorly. Bottom of depression between anterolateral rim, swollen branchial regions lined with flattened granules. Branchial regions swollen, with irregular cluster of granules. Granule-lined grooves separate cardiac, intestinal regions from branchial regions. Intestinal region swollen. Branchiostegal region covered with obsolete granules, medially demarcated by faint longitudinal suture. Chelipeds (Fig. 6 E) subequal, robust, covered with flattened granules. Cheliped palm inflated, minutely granular; fingers 1.5 as long as palm; dactylus with longitudinal rows of closely spaced granules on outer surface; pollex, wider than dactylus, with carinate ventral margin; cutting edges with minute teeth. Ambulatory legs stout, short, closely granular, diminishing in size posteriorly; meri with single granular row dorsally, 2 rows ventrally; propodi with row of conic granules ventrally; dactyli slender, longer than propodi, studded with conic granules, terminating in incurved cornute claw. Thoracic sternum closely granular. Female abdominal cavity deep, reaching buccal cavity. Abdomen closely covered with flattened granules; abdominal somites 1, 2 narrow, horizontal; somites 3���6 fused shield-like, divided by 2 submedian furrows; telson laciniate. Vulvar sternal cover oval, large kidney-shaped opening directed interiorly. Colour in life. Carapace bone-coloured, carapacial pits and grooves brown, female abdomen with 2 pairs of brown dots; dorsal margin of cheliped merus medially with 3 dark red granules, fingers spotted dark red; dorsal margins of ambulatory legs with dark red blotches (Fig. 2 A, B). Remarks. Alox naispela sp. nov. closely resembles A. patella (Alcock, 1896) (type locality: Andaman Is.) in the general appearance of the carapace, with its distinct rim formed by the upturned margins. It is distinguished from the latter, however, by its proportionately longer fingers (1.5 as compared to 1.2 as long as palm in A. patella, Tan & Ng 1995: fig. 11 A), dorsal surface of carapace with coalesced flattened granules rather than large mushroom-like granules, groove parallel to anterior margin of carapace nearly obsolete rather than distinct; and branchiostegal region covered with obsolete granules rather than large mushroom-like granules (Tan & Ng 1995: pl. 6 A���C). Etymology. From naispela for ���beautiful��� in Tok Pisin, the Pidgin language spoken in Papua New Guinea. Used as a noun in apposition. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type location in Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Tan, C. G. S. & Ng, P. K. L. (1995) A revision of the Indo-Pacific genus Oreophorus Ruppell, 1830 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). In: Richer de Forges, B. (Ed), Les fonds meubles des lagons de Nouvelle Caledonie (Sedimentologie, benthos). Etudes & Theses, ORSTOM, Paris, 2, 101 - 189."]}

Cyclothone pygmaea Jespersen & T��ning, 1926 Cyclothone microdon pygmaea Jespersen & T��ning, 1926: 7, 54, figs. 5,6,7. Type locality: Mediterranean Sea. Cyclothone pygmaea, Galil & Goren, 1994: 50; Golani, 1994: 35; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201, 2002: 151. Distribution. A Mediterranean endemic, depth range 500���1000 m. In the Levant, the maximum known depth is 1400 m (Galil & Goren, 1994). Collected in the epi- and mesopelagial along the western margin of the Levant (Jespersen & T��ning, 1926)., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 512, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Jespersen, P. & Taning, A. V. (1926) Mediterranean Sternoptychidae. Report on the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908 - 10 to the Mediterranean and adjacent seas, 2, 1 - 59.","Galil, B. S. & Goren, M. (1994) The deep sea Levantine Fauna. New records and rare occurrences. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 41 - 52.","Golani, D. (1994) Gonostomatidae, Photichthyidae and Myctophidae from the Mediterranean Coast of Israel (Pisces: Teleostei). Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 33 - 40.","Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}

Coelorhynchus labiatus (Koehler, 1896) Macrurus labiatus K��hler 1896: 497, Pl. 27, figs. 7, 8. Type locality: Gulf of Gascony, Atlantic coast of France. Coelorhynchus labiatus, Galil & Goren, 1994: 50; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic; depth range 460���2220 m. In the Levant, collected at 1500 m (Galil & Goren, 1994)., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Galil, B. S. & Goren, M. (1994) The deep sea Levantine Fauna. New records and rare occurrences. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 41 - 52.","Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}

Polyacanthonotus rissoanus (Filippi & V��rany, 1859) Notacanthus rissoanus De Filippi, 1857: 19. Type locality: Nice, Mediterranean coast of France. Polyacanthonotus rissoanus, Goren & Galil, 1997: 198, 2002: 151. Distribution. Atlantic and Mediterranean; depth range 500���2800 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}

Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827) Scymnus rostratus Risso, 1827: 138, Pl. 3, fig. 7. Type locality: Nice, Mediterranean coast of France. Somniosus rostratus, Golani, 1987: 28, 29; Pisanty & Golani, 1995: 389. Distribution. Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean; depth range 200���1000 m. In the Levant the maximum known depth is 1330 m (Golani, 1987)., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Golani, D. (1987) On deep-water sharks caught off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 34, 23 - 31.","Pisanty, S. & Golani, D. (1995) Vertical distribution of demersal fish on the continental slope of Israel (Eastern Mediterranean) In: Armentraut, N. B. (Ed.), Condition of the World's Aquatic Habitat. Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress. Theme 1. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp. 386 - 395."]}

Tanaoa kuka sp. nov. (Figs. 4 F, 13, 15A���E) Material examined. Holotype: male (33.0 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-7963), stn CP 3984, Bismarck Sea, northwest Long I., 05�� 12 'S 146 �� 59 'E, 500 m, 6.12. 2012. Paratypes: 3 males (32.4 mm, 33.8 mm, 32.5 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-17899), 1 male (33.1 mm) (ZRC 2015.271), same data as holotype; 1 immature male (18.9 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-8886), stn CP 3979, north Bagabag Is, 04�� 44 'S 146 �� 11 'E, 540���580 m, Bismarck Sea, 5.12. 2012. Comparative material. Tanaoa distinctus (Rathbun, 1894): 1 male (37.5 mm), 1 female (ZRC 2000.535), station 34, TC 33, Hawaiian Islands, coll. Townsend Cromwell. Tanaoa serenei (Richer de Forges, 1983): 1 male (33.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.565), Tumon Bay, Guam, 400 m, in fishtrap, coll. S. Annesbury, 10.1999. Description. Carapace rounded, slightly longer than wide, globose; cardiac, intestinal regions laterally demarcated by grooves (Fig. 13 A). Dorsal surface covered densely by rounded granules of various sizes, granules somewhat larger, conical, on branchial regions; 4 pairs of pits along branchiocardiac line (Fig. 13 A, B). Intestinal region swollen, medially marked with granular tubercle, directed posteriorly (Fig. 13 A). Front narrow, slightly produced, upturned, closely set with granules, divided into 2 subtriangular lobes by minutely setose gap (Fig. 13 A��� C). Eyes small, retractable within orbit, setose eyestalk exposed. Outer orbital margin with 3 sutures. V-shaped gap proximally on ventral margin. Antennular fossae below frontal lobes oblique, antennules obliquely folded, basal antennular operculiform, sealing lower half of antennular aperture when retracted. Antennae small, slender, basal antennal article inserted in orbital hiatus. Postorbital region concave. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel convex, produced, bilobed, separated by narrow groove from lower orbital margin. Outer surface of third maxillipeds granular, granules more closely set, larger anteriorly, forming granular ridge mesially on ischium (Fig. 13 B, C). Subhepatic region produced, angular, furnished with subconical granules, medially with granular tubercle (Fig. 13 B, C). Epibranchial margin with 3 equidistant granular tubercles (Fig. 13 A). Posterolateral margins rounded. Posterior margin of carapace narrow, laterally with 2 prominently granular tubercles (Fig. 13 A). Chelipeds slender, subequal, covered with small granules on all articles, including fingers (Fig. 13 A, F). Cheliped merus, subcylindrical, 1.2 as long as carapace; palm subcylindrical, 0.6 as long as merus, fingers 0.6 as long as dorsal margin of palm, inner margins obsoletely denticulate. Ambulatory legs slender; decreasing in size posteriorly; merus, carpus, propodus granular, granules more prominent dorsally; dorsal surface of dactylus setose, dactylar tips corneous (Fig. 13 G). Thoracic sternites (Fig. 13 D) closely set with flattened granules. Male abdominal cavity deep, nearly reaching buccal cavity, anterior margin ogive, slightly raised (Fig. 13 C, D). Male abdomen triangular, elongated; abdominal somites 1, 2 transversely narrow; somite 1 yoke-like, somite 2 medially convex as it fits into cavity of somite 1; somites 3���6 fused, proximo-lateral regions inflated, granular, distal margin with triangular denticle; telson slender, 1 / 3 as long as fused somites, not reaching tip of abdominal cavity (Fig. 13 D). G 1 elongated, slightly sinuous, attenuate, with small but distinct preapical bifurcated snout-like process perpendicular to tip, opening facing dorsally (Fig. 15 A���D); G 2 short, distally scoop-like (Fig. 15 E). Colour in life. Dorsal surface of carapace and chelipeds bright orange-red. Ambulatory legs pale, meri banded in red (Fig. 4 F). Etymology. Kuka for ���crab��� in Tok Pisin, the Pidgin language spoken in Papua New Guinea. The name is used as a noun in apposition. Remarks. See discussion for T. retpela sp. nov. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type location, Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517

Diaphus metopoclampus (Cocco, 1829) Myctophum metopoclampum, Cocco, 1829: 144 Type locality: Strait of Messina, Sicily, Italy. Diaphus metopoclampus, Deval, 2013: 309. Distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean, western Pacific and Indian Ocean; depth range 90���1085 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Deval, M. C. (2013) New records and uncommon occurrences of deep-water fishes in the Turkish Mediterranean Sea (Osteichthyes). Zoology in the Middle East, 59, 308 - 313. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2013.868132"]}

Peristedion cataphractum (Linnaeus, 1758) Trigla cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758: 300. Type locality: Mediterranean Sea Material examined. 1 spec., TAU 12979, Israel, off Akko, 032�� 58 'N, 034�� 51 'E, 800 m, coll. Galil, 24 August 2004. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean; depth range 50��� 848 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394

Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927 Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927: 137, Pl. 6, fig. 3. Type locality: Between Fuerteventura Island (Canaries) and Western Sahara, Atlantic Ocean. Cataetyx laticeps, Goren & Galil, 2002: 150; Gates, 2012: 217 ���220. Distribution. Atlantic and Mediterranean; depth range 500���2000 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (2002) On the occurrence of Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927 and Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean, with a note on the deep sea fish community in this region. Cybium, 26, 150 - 152.","Gates, A., Jones, D. & Cartes, J. (2012) In situ video observations of benthic megafauna and fishes from the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea off Egypt. African Journal of Marine Science, 34, 215 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2012.675121"]}

Heterolithadia fallax (Henderson, 1893) (Fig. 3 B���D) Material examined. 1 male (8.7 mm) (ZRC 2014.0172), stn PS 22, north Tadwai I., 04�� 59.1 'S 145 �� 47.6 'E, 11 m, 22.11.2012; 1 female (13.1 mm) (ZRC 2014.0168); 1 female (9.5 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 1195), stn PD 66, south Yabob I., 05�� 15.5 'S 145 �� 47.3 'E, 2���6 m, 3.12.2012; 1 male (8.1 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-17892), stn PS 42, S Urembo I., outer slope, 05��15,9'S 145 ��47,1'E, 18���27 m, 6.12.2012; 1 broken female (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 1494), stn CP 4035, east Kotakot, 04�� 31 'S 145 �� 31 'E, 380���382 m, 17.12. 2012. Colour in life. Carapace bone-coloured, posteriorly mottled red-brown; cheliped merus proximally stained red-brown, fingers mottled with pale brown; ambulatory legs proximally reddish-brown (Fig. 3 B���D). Geographical distribution. India to Philippines (Tan 1996), Vanuatu (Galil & Ng 2010). New record for Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Tan, C. G. S. (1996) Leucosiidae of the Albatross expedition to the Philippines, 1907 - 1910 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Decapoda). Journal of Natural History, 30, 1021 - 1058. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939600770551","Galil, B. S. & Ng, P. K. L. (2010) On a collection of calappoid and leucosioid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) from Vanuatu, with description of a new species of Leucosiidae. In: Studies on Brachyura: a homage to Daniele Guinot. Castro, P., Davie, P. J. F., Ng, P. K. L. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.) Crustaceana Monographs, 11, 139 - 152. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / ej. 9789004170865. i- 366.87"]}

Macroramphosus scolopax (Linnaeus, 1758) Balistes scolopax Linnaeus, 1758: 329. Type locality: Mediterranean Sea. Material examined. 1 spec, TAU P- 13066, Israel, Off Haifa Bay, 032��55.7'N, 034�� 20 'E, 1480 m, coll. Galil, 21 October 2004. Distribution. Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Commonly found down to depths of 600 m (Froese & Pauly, 2014). This is a depth record for this species., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2014) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (06 / 2014). Available from: http: // www. fishbase. org / search. php (accessed 7 August 2014)"]}

Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758: 233. Type locality: Genoa, Italy. Etmopterus spinax, Gilat & Gelman, 1984: 257; Pisanty & Golani, 1995: 389; Galil & Goren, 1994: 48; Jones et al., 2003: 78, Tab. 2. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; depth range 200���2490m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Gilat, E. & Gelman, A. (1984) On the sharks and fishes observed using underwater photography during a deep-water cruise in the Eastern Mediterranean. Fisheries Research, 2, 257 - 271. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0165 - 7836 (84) 90029 - 8","Pisanty, S. & Golani, D. (1995) Vertical distribution of demersal fish on the continental slope of Israel (Eastern Mediterranean) In: Armentraut, N. B. (Ed.), Condition of the World's Aquatic Habitat. Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress. Theme 1. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp. 386 - 395.","Galil, B. S. & Goren, M. (1994) The deep sea Levantine Fauna. New records and rare occurrences. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 41 - 52.","Jones, E., Tselepides, A., Bagley, P., Collins, M. & Priede, I. (2003) Bathymetric distribution of some benthic and benthopelagic species attracted to baited cameras and traps in the deep eastern Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 251, 75 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 251075"]}

Myra eudactyla (Bell, 1855) (Fig. 3 H) Material examined. 1 immature specimen (7.1 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 609), stn PR 47, Siar I., 05�� 11.2 'S 145 �� 48.4 'E, 16.11.2012; 1 immature specimen (8.1 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-12728), stn PD 53, south Panab I., 05�� 10.3 'S 145 �� 48.5 'E, 2���10 m, 28.11.2012; 1 male (17.9 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-17890), stn PD 79, between Taush I. and Malamal I., 05��07'S 145 �� 48.5 'E, 20 m, 10.12. 2012. Colour in life. immature: carapace pale bone, granules pale orange. Cheliped merus with pale orange bands medially and distally; palm white, fingers darker. Ambulatory legs with brown bands distally on meri, proximally on carpi, propodi (Fig. 3 H). Geographical distribution. Gulf of Aden, Andaman Is., Thailand (Gulf of Thailand), Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Arafura Sea, New Guinea, Torres Strait, Australia (western Australia), Chesterfield Is., New Caledonia; 8���69 m (Galil 2001 b)., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Galil, B. S. (2001 b) A revision of Myra Leach, 1817 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Leucosioidea). Zoologische Mededelingen, 75 (24), 409 - 446."]}

Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus mustelus Linnaeus, 1758: 235. Type locality: unknown, "Habitat in Europa". Material examined. 5 spec., TAU 13541, Israel, off Akko, 032�� 58 'N, 034�� 51 'E, 800 m, coll. Galil, 24 August 2004. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean; depth range 5��� 624 m. The present record constitutes a depth record for the species., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394

Bellottia apoda Giglioli, 1883 Bellottia poda Giglioli, 1883: 399. Type locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy. Bellottia poda, Gramitto et al., 2011: 75. Distribution. Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean; depth range 30��� 569 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Gramitto, M. E., Deval, M. C. & Saygu, I. (2011) First record of two deep-water fish, Bellottia apoda and Symphurus ligulatus in the Turkish Mediterranean Sea. Cybium, 35, 75 - 76."]}

Oreotlos etor Tan & Richer de Forges, 1993 (Fig. 7 H) Material examined. 1 male (4.3 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-17889), stn PB 34, N Wonad I., N Mililat Passage, 05��07.1'S 145 �� 49.4 'E, 15 m, 3.12. 2012. Geographical distribution. Chesterfield Is., New Caledonia (Tan & Richer de Forges 1993); Amami-Oshima I. Ryukyu Is., Japan (Takeda & Komatsu 2005)., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Tan, C. G. S. & Richer de Forges, B. (1993) On the systematics and ecology of mimetic crabs belonging to Oreophorus Ruppell, 1830 sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 41 (1), 119 - 132.","Takeda, M. & Komatsu, H. (2005) Collections of crabs dredged off Amami-Oshima Island, the northern Ryukyu Islands. National Science Museum Monographs, 29, 271 - 288."]}

Urnalana flammea sp. nov. (Figs. 5 F, 21, 22A���G, 23 C, D, I���M) Material examined. Holotype: male (9.3 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 1341), stn PR 227, Madang Resort, 05�� 12.5 'S 145 �� 48.5 'E, 10.12. 2012. Paratypes: 1 female (7.6 mm) (ZRC 2015.275), stn PR 14, Biliau I., 05�� 12 'S 145 �� 48.1 'E, 2���3 m, 9.11.2012; 1 male (9.0 mm) 1 ovigerous female (10.7 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-13123) stn PR 28, Madang Resort, 05�� 12.5 'S 145 �� 48.5 'E, 13.11.2012; 1 male (9.2 mm) (ZRC 2015.276), stn PR 245, Tabad I., 05��08.2'S 145 �� 48.7 'E, 12 m, 12.12. 2012. Description. Carapace subpentagonal, urn-shaped, globose; regions of carapace ill defined (Fig. 21 A). Dorsal surface of carapace sparsely setose, punctate. Front somewhat produced, upturned, medially concave, lateral lobes rounded (Fig. 21 D). Postfrontal region laterally concave. Anterolateral margin convex, smooth, medially inflated in dorsal view; swollen distal margin of pterygostomian region invisible in dorsal view. Lateral angle of carapace rounded, overhanging thoracic sinus, lacking setose fringe (Fig. 21 B). Thoracic sinus deep, anteriorly defined by vaulted margin of pterygostomian region (Fig. 21 D, G); cluster of minute granules overgrown by club-like setae anteriorly; row of pearliform granules on ventral surface of epibranchial angle; another row above base of first pair of ambulatory legs. Epimeral ledge visible over its entire length in dorsal view, continuous with posterior margin, margin beaded, granules larger anteriorly. Posterolateral margin sparsely setose. Posterior margin minutely beaded (Fig. 21 A). Antennular fossa sealed by basal antennular article. Antenna short, nestled underneath antennular fossa (Fig. 21 C). Orbits small, rounded, outer orbital margin with 1 suture. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel forms part of lower orbital margin, short suture below eye. Eyes retractable. Third maxillipeds concealing trapezoid buccal cavity; smooth, planar, lacking denticle anterolaterally on ischium (Fig. 21 D), setose fringe lengthwise on endopod of female. Chelipeds subequal, robust, longer in adult male than in female specimens (Fig. 21 A). Cheliped merus trigonal, merus 2 / 3 as long as carapace. Dorsal surface proximally with cluster of granules partly obscured by patch of club-shaped setae; anterior margin with 3 large, pearliform granules proximally, row of small granules distally (Fig. 21 E, 22 F, G); posterior margin with row of lozenge-shaped granules, largest medially; ventral surface proximally pitted, granular. Carpus subglobular, granules proximally on inner margin. Palm elongated, 0.7 times as wide as long; dorsal margin of palm distinctly carinate, smooth; inner, outer basal lobe granular, ventral margin with milled carina, continuing into pollex (Fig. 21 E). Cutting edges of fingers meeting only distally. Ambulatory legs slender, short; meri ventrally concave, meri 1���3 with 2 granular rows on ventral, dorsal surface, merus of fourth pair with single row dorsally, 2 rows ventrally. Carpi of ambulatory legs dorsally carinate, propodi dorsally, ventrally carinate. Dactyli as long as propodi, lanceolate. Male abdominal cavity deep, elongated, nearly reaching buccal cavity; lateral margin with distinct ridge fitting into suture between abdominal somites. Male abdomen with somite 2 minute, spindle-shaped; somites 3���5 fused; somite 6 large, rounded, narrowing distally, minute median denticle; telson laciniate (Fig. 21 F, G). Female abdomen with somite 2 yoke-shaped, somites 3���6 fused, greatly enlarged, shield-like; telson laciniate (Fig. 22 C, D). G 1 shaft somewhat sinuous, tip slightly swollen, setose. G 2 short, curved, apex scoop-like. Vulvae prominent, large, anteriorly reaching suture 5 / 4; ovoid; interiorly hooded by calcified semi-dome, opening, directed laterally, slit-like, crescentic, bordered by shallow groove (Fig. 22 E). Colour in life. Dorsal surface of carapace and chelipeds bone-coloured, densely set with orange-red markings; finger tips white. Dorsal surface of meri, carpi and propodi of ambulatory legs with orange blotches (Fig. 5 F). Examination of the ethanol-preserved specimen revealed that the pterygostomian region and third maxillipeds are suffused with pale orange; in male, the sternites and abdomen are pale ivory except for 2 round orange markings on the third sternite and telson; female abdomen with 2 orange patches submedially near distal margin, telson orange. Remarks. The new species is superficially similar to U. purarensis (Ovaere, 1987), also described from Madang, Papua New Guinea. The holotype female (and only previously known specimen) was re-examined, and it differs in several key aspects. The merus of the third maxilliped of U. purarensis has a tubercle on the inner distal angle of the ischium (Fig. 23 A) (merus proportionately longer and the distal margin of the ischium unarmed in U. flammea sp. nov., Fig. 23 C). The ambulatory legs of U. purarensis, notably the meri, are relatively shorter and stouter (Fig. 23 B) than in to U. flammea (Fig. 23 D). The merus of the cheliped and chela of U. purarensis (Figs. 19 E, 20 E, 22 H) are also proportionately shorter than those of U. flammea sp. nov. (Figs. 20 A, 21 A, E, 22 B, F, G), even when females of similar sizes are compared; and the posterior margin of the merus has two diverging rows of granules (Fig. 19 A) (single row of more lozenge-shaped granules in U. flammea sp. nov., Figs. 21 A, 22 A). In addition, the frontal region of U. purarensis is less produced (Figs. 19 A, 20 A) (more projected in U. flammea sp. nov., Fig. 21 A), the posterolateral margin of the pterygostomian region adjacent to the buccal cavity is angled (Fig. 19 D) (more rounded in U. flammea sp. nov., Fig. 21 D), the posterior carapace margin is proportionately broader in U. purarensis (Figs. 19 A, 20 A) (narrower in U. flammea sp. nov., Figs. 21 A, 22 A), the distal part of the fused male abdominal somites 3���5 is noticeably convergent (Fig. 20 G) (less convergent and relatively broader in U. flammea sp. nov., Fig. 21 F), and the G 1 is more sinuous with the distal part distinctly dilated (Fig. 23 I���L) (less sinuous with the distal part not dilated in U. flammea sp. nov., Fig. 23 E���G). Etymology. From the Latin, flamma for ���flame���, alluding to the flame-coloured markings of the carapace and chelipeds. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from type location, Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on pages 482-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Ovaere, A. A. (1987) The fur-bearing species of the genus Leucosia from Northern Papua New Guinea, with a description of two new species (Crustacea, Brachyura). Bulletin de l'institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 57, 185 - 204."]}

Parilia major Sakai, 1961 (Fig. 4 B) Material examined. 1 immature male (35.1 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 1044), stn CP 3968, east Kranket I., 05�� 12 'S 145 �� 51 'E, 380 m, 2.12. 2012. Geographical distribution. Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Solomon Is., 100���425 m (Galil 2007). New record for Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517

Electrona risso (Cocco, 1829) Scopelus risso Cocco, 1829: 144. Type locality: Strait of Messina, Sicily, Italy. Electrona rissoi, Galil & Goren, 1994: 49; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201, 2002: 151. Distribution. Circumglobal; depth range 90��� 820 m. In the Levant, the maximum known depth is 1485 m (Galil & Goren, 1994), Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Galil, B. S. & Goren, M. (1994) The deep sea Levantine Fauna. New records and rare occurrences. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 41 - 52.","Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}

Alox rugosum (Stimpson, 1858) (Figs. 2 C, D, 7 A���G, 8 B, D���K) Material examined. 1 male (7.3 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-8854), 1 female (8.0 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-17888), stn PR 69, Rempi Area, south of lagoon inside bay, 05��01.6'S 145 �� 48.1 'E, 2���15 m, 20.11.2012; 1 male (5.8 mm) (ZRC 2015.267), stn PB 12, Kranket I., west side, 05�� 11.8 'S 145 �� 48.8 'E, 7���15 m, 11.11.2012; 1 immature female (5.9 mm) (ZRC 2015.268), stn PD 19, Alexishafen, south Megas Islet, 05��05.4'S 145 �� 48.5 'E, 3���10 m, 13.11.2012; 1 female (10.0 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-17896) stn PD 57, Gosern I., 05��09,4'S 145 ��48,3'E, 1���4 m, 29.11. 2012. Description. Carapace (Fig. 7 A ���G) laterally expanded, 1.5 times as wide as long. Carapace irregularly rimmed, dorsal surface prominently sculpted, pitted, irregularly covered with coalesced flattened granules, resembling coral rubble. Front narrow, produced, upcurved, bilobed, medially deeply pitted. Anterior margin of carapace vertical. Antennule well developed, basal antennular article operculiform, rugose, entirely sealing subovate antennular fossa. Antennae folded in orbital hiatus without gap. Orbits small, rounded, visible in dorsal view; ocular peduncle nearly seals orbit when retracted. Third maxillipeds concealing buccal cavity, closely set with flattened granules (Fig. 8 B); merus with pointed apex, outer margin convex, surface with median shallow depression; ischium twice as long as merus along inner margin. Subhepatic region with narrow groove parallel to anterior margin of carapace, fungiform granules inserted in groove, margin with obtuse, granular, facet medially, visible in dorsal view. Lateral margins of carapace subquadrate, swollen, forming granular rim. Posterolateral margin with granular angular facet submedially. Posterior margin slightly produced, narrow, bilobate. Postfrontal median longitudinal ridge of irregular width. Bottom of irregular depression between marginal rim, swollen branchial regions lined with fungiform granules. Branchial regions swollen, irregularly pitted. Granule-lined irregular grooves separate cardiac, intestinal regions from branchial regions. Intestinal region swollen. Branchiostegal region covered with obsolete granules externally, large fungiform granules interspaced with small rounded granules interiorly. Chelipeds (Fig. 7 E) subequal, robust, covered with flattened granules. Cheliped merus with large tubercle distally on posterior margin; palm inflated, granular, distally pitted; fingers 1.5 as long as palm; dactylus with longitudinal rows of closely spaced granules on outer surface; pollex, wider than dactylus, with carinate ventral margin; cutting edges with minute teeth. Ambulatory legs stout, short, closely granular, diminishing in size posteriorly; meri with single granular row dorsally, 2 rows ventrally; propodi with row of conic granules ventrally; dactyli slender, longer than propodi, studded with conic granules, terminating in incurved cornute claw (Fig. 8 D). Thoracic sternites with large, granule-lined fossae. Male, female abdominal cavity deep, reaching buccal cavity. Male abdomen with granular interrupted grooves on either side of median ridge, telson triangular, elongated (Fig. 8 E). Gl straight along entire length, dorsoventrally flattened, distally slightly dilated, setose, apex pointed, with slit-like opening (Fig. 8 F, G). Female abdominal somites 1, 2 narrow, horizontal, distinctly granular; somites 3���6 fused, shield-like, divided into 3 parts by 2 shallow submedian furrows; telson laciniate. Vulvae large, nearly rectangular; directed vertically. Colour in life. Carapace and legs bone-coloured with pale orange blotches, female abdomen with 2 pairs of brown dots (Fig. 2 C, D). Remarks. We refer the present specimens to A. rugosum (Stimpson, 1858) (type locality: ���Loo Choo���, see discussion Tan & Ng 1995: 131) with doubt. In the general appearance of the carapace, with dorsal surface prominently sculpted, pitted, and irregularly covered with coalesced flattened granules, it is closest to this species. The present specimens nevertheless differ slightly from most of the specimens previously referred to A. rugosum (cf. Tan & Richer de Forges 1993: fig. 4 C, D; Tan & Ng 1995: fig. 12 D, pl. 6 D) in possessing a more distinct depression medially on the dorsal frontal surface; the male abdomen has more distinct granular interrupted grooves on either side of the median ridge, the rounded obtuse angle on hepatic margin with a shallow oval depression is not distinct, and the male telson is proportionately shorter. The specimens from Papua New Guinea most closely resemble in carapace form those previously reported from Gisser I. near Ceram in the Moluccas, Indonesia and figured as A. rugosum by Tan & Ng (1995: pl. 7 A, B). Considering the substantial variation in the carapace form in A. rugosum, as well as the similarity of the G 1 structures of the present specimens (Fig. 8 F, G, I, J) to those figured for A. rugosum s. str. (cf. Tan & Ng 1995: fig. 12 H, I), it would be premature to recognize the present material as a new species. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from Japan to New Caledonia (Tan & Ng 1995). New record for Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 455, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Tan, C. G. S. & Ng, P. K. L. (1995) A revision of the Indo-Pacific genus Oreophorus Ruppell, 1830 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). In: Richer de Forges, B. (Ed), Les fonds meubles des lagons de Nouvelle Caledonie (Sedimentologie, benthos). Etudes & Theses, ORSTOM, Paris, 2, 101 - 189.","Tan, C. G. S. & Richer de Forges, B. (1993) On the systematics and ecology of mimetic crabs belonging to Oreophorus Ruppell, 1830 sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 41 (1), 119 - 132."]}

Alox liklik sp. nov. (Figs. 2 E, 6 F���J, 8 C) Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female (8.3 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013-8855), inner slope, stn PR 152, Tab I., 05�� 10.1 'S 145 �� 50.2 'E, 3���25 m, 1.12. 2012. Description. Carapace laterally expanded (Fig. 6 F���I), 1.4 times as wide as long. Dorsal surface of carapace prominently sculpted, pitted, irregularly covered with coalesced flattened granules, resembling coral rubble. Front narrow, produced, upcurved, bilobed, horizontally grooved. Anterior margin of carapace vertical. Antennule well developed, basal antenular article operculiform, rugose, entirely sealing triangular antennular fossa. Antennae folded in orbital hiatus without gap. Orbits small, rounded, visible in dorsal view; when retracted, ocular peduncle nearly seals orbit. Third maxillipeds concealing buccal cavity, rugose; merus with pointed apex, outer margin convex; ischium 1.5 as long as merus along inner margin (Fig. 8 C). Obtuse angle medially on hepatic margin with shallow oval depression at apex. Subhepatic region with narrow groove parallel to anterior margin of carapace, fungiform granules inserted in groove; margin with prominent, granular, triangular facet medially, visible in dorsal view. Lateral margins of carapace extended, irregular. Posterolateral margins nearly horizontal in dorsal view. Posterior margin slightly produced, obsoletely bilobate. Postfrontal median longitudinal ridge widening posteriorly, merging into cardiac region. Postorbital prominence planar. Bottom of meandering depression between marginal rims, swollen branchial regions lined with fungiform granules. Branchial regions swollen, extending to posterolateral angle, irregularly pitted distally. Three pairs of irregularly shaped pits separate cardiac from branchial regions. Intestinal region raised, rimmed with fungiform granules. Branchiostegal region covered with small flattened granules separated externally by narrow cleft from larger granules interiorly. Chelipeds subequal, robust, rugose. Cheliped merus with large proximal tubercle on anterior margin, 2 distally on posterior margin; palm inflated, granular crests on dorsal, ventral margins; fingers 1.5 as long as palm; dactylus with longitudinal rows of closely spaced granules dorsally; pollex, wider than dactylus, with carinate ventral margin; cutting edges with minute teeth (Fig. 6 J). Ambulatory legs stout, short, closely granular, diminishing in size posteriorly; meri with single granular row dorsally, 2 rows ventrally; propodi with conic granules; dactyli slender, longer than propodi, studded with conic granules, terminating in incurved cornute claw. Thoracic sternites rugose. Male abdominal cavity deep, reaching buccal cavity. Female abdominal somites 1, 2 narrow, horizontal, distinctly granular; somites 3���6 fused, shield-like, with 2 shallow submedian furrows; telson elongate, laciniate. Vulvae large, oval-shaped, on sternal vulvar cover. Colour in life. Carapace and legs bone-coloured with pale orange blotches and spots (Fig. 2 E). Remarks. Alox liklik sp. nov. closely resembles A. rugosum (Stimpson, 1858) in the general appearance of the carapace, with its dorsal surface prominently sculpted, pitted, and irregularly covered with coalesced flattened granules. It is distinguished from the latter, however, in possessing posterolaterally extended swollen branchial regions (Tan & Ng 1995: pl. 6 D), relatively more elongated third maxilliped merus and laciniate telson, and vulvae which are large, oval-shaped, rather than ���comma��� shaped. Etymology. From liklik for ���small��� in Tok Pisin, the Pidgin language spoken in Papua New Guinea. Used as a noun in apposition. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type location, Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Tan, C. G. S. & Ng, P. K. L. (1995) A revision of the Indo-Pacific genus Oreophorus Ruppell, 1830 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). In: Richer de Forges, B. (Ed), Les fonds meubles des lagons de Nouvelle Caledonie (Sedimentologie, benthos). Etudes & Theses, ORSTOM, Paris, 2, 101 - 189."]}

Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848 Nemichthys scolopacea Richardson, 1848: 25, Pl. 10, figs. 1���3. Type locality: off Brazil, Atlantic Ocean. Nemichthys scolopacea, Bilecenoglu et al., 2006: 85; Corsini-Foka, 2009: 128. Distribution. Circumglobal; depth range 0���3656 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Bilecenoglu, M., Kaya, M. & Irmak, E. (2006) First records of the slender snipe eel, Nemichthys scolopaceus (nemichthyidae), and the robust cusk-eel, Benthocometes robustus (ophidiidae), from the Aegean sea. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 30, 85 - 88.","Corsini-Foka, M. (2009) Uncommon fishes from Rhodes and nearby marine region (SE Aegean Sea, Greece). Journal of Biological Research (Thessaloniki), 12, 125 - 133."]}

Leucosia rubripalma Galil, 2003 (Fig. 5 E) Material examined. 1 male (20.8 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 1199), stn PR 176, Madang, Madang Resort, 05�� 12.5 'S 145 �� 48.5 'E, 3���17 m, Papua New Guinea, 4.12. 2012. Colour in life. Carapace ochre-orange, darker anteriorly, 2 orange spots posteriorly near lateral corners of posterior margin; dorsal surface of cheliped merus, carpus ochre, granules pale orange, bright-orange patch on inner surface of palm. Epimeral ledge white. Ambulatory legs white, banded with orange on merus, propodus (Fig. 5 E). Geographical distribution. Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia (Galil 2003; Galil & Ng 2007). New record for Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Galil, Bella S. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2015, Leucosiid crabs from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of eight new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4027 (4) on page 476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/234517, {"references":["Galil, B. S. (2003) Four new genera of leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) for three new species and nine species previously in the genus Randallia Stimpson, 1857, with a redescription of the type species, R. ornata (Randall, 1939). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116 (2), 395 - 422."]}

Evermannella balbo (Risso, 1820) Scopelus albo Risso 1820: 268, Pl. 10. Type locality: Nice, Mediterranean coast of France. Evermannella balbo, Deval, 2013: 311. Distribution. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean and Mediterranean; depth range 100���1000 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Deval, M. C. (2013) New records and uncommon occurrences of deep-water fishes in the Turkish Mediterranean Sea (Osteichthyes). Zoology in the Middle East, 59, 308 - 313. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2013.868132"]}

Chauliodus sloani Schneider, 1801 Chauliodus sloani Schneider in: Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 430, Pl. 85. Type locality: Gibraltar. Chauliodus sloani, Golani, 1987: 29 (in a stomach content of Galeus melastomus); Galil & Goren, 1994: 49; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201, 2002: 151. Distribution. Circumglobal; depth range 200���4700 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on page 520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Golani, D. (1987) On deep-water sharks caught off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 34, 23 - 31.","Galil, B. S. & Goren, M. (1994) The deep sea Levantine Fauna. New records and rare occurrences. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 41 - 52.","Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}

Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810 Nettastoma melanura Rafinesque, 1810: 66, Pl. 16, fig. 1. Type locality: Sicily, Italy. Nettastoma melanurum, Golani, 1987: 29 (in a stomach content of Galeus melastomus); Galil & Goren, 1994: 49; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201, 2002: 151. Distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean; depth range 37���1647 m., Published as part of Goren, Menachem & Galil, Bella S., 2015, A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on pages 516-517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244394, {"references":["Golani, D. (1987) On deep-water sharks caught off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 34, 23 - 31.","Galil, B. S. & Goren, M. (1994) The deep sea Levantine Fauna. New records and rare occurrences. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 25, 41 - 52.","Goren, M. & Galil, B. S. (1997) New records of deep-sea fishes from the Levant Basin and a note on the deep-sea fishes of the Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 197 - 203."]}