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All of the services required to transport a farm product from the farm to the consumer are generally considered to be part of agriculture marketing. Over the past 60 years, there have been many changes to the agriculture marketing system as a result of an increase in marketed surplus, higher urbanisation and income levels, corresponding changes in the structure of demand for marketing services, as well as increased connections with distant and foreign markets. Reduced marketing expenses are the main objective of agricultural marketing. E-Agriculture or e-Agribusiness refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the agricultural sector. e-Agribusiness. Every aspect of the agri-food chain will be affected by digitalization, but it will necessitate big changes in farming, rural economics, and produce marketing. Farmers gain from ICT use in agriculture since it enables them to learn about the market and sell their products. In the digital era, the whole agriculture industry may be transformed. ICT assists small farmers in locating various purchasers for producers ready to pay a premium. Small business owners deal with a small number of buyers who either pick up from them or pay them directly. Market distortions can be reduced by using a mobile application that provides price information to farmers. M- farm mobile application are used globally in Kenya enable sales collective by allowing users to locate farmers, input dealers, purchasers, and storage warehouses. Farmers are obtaining better market prices, according to the research. Farmers in China's agriculture industries traditional plan their crop depending on previous season's sales. Farmers now have access to consumer sales data through Alibaba's flash sale and marketing platform "Juhuasuan" and its virtual farming feature "Jutudi" so they can more precisely plan crops based on recent consumer patterns. It allows customers to order agricultural products in advance of harvest. To avoid middlemen, it works directly with cooperatives and farmers. The government of Tamil Nādu offers the Uzhavan app for marketing products as one of the services it provides, as well as many other digital apps from other state governments to notify farmers about timely and accurate agricultural production and market information. This article provides an overview of current digital agriculture marketing services.

Even though marijuana is illegal on the federal level, it is one of the most used drugs in the United States during pregnancy. Our study investigates the relationship between numerous socioeconomic, demographic, and mental health risk variables and substance use during pregnancy. We examined data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2017 to 2019. Compared with the no serious psychological distress (SPD) group, the odds of using cannabis were higher in pregnant women with past-month SPD. In this study, in comparison with unmarried pregnant women, married pregnant women had a 67% lower chance of currently using cannabis. Racially, Hispanic pregnant women had 3 to 4 times higher odds for current use of cannabis as compared with the other races. Preventing cannabis use and its adverse effects by screening pregnant women could be part of the current strategy for reducing cannabis use.

Studies have shown an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and suicide; however, it has not been studied from inpatient hospitalization data among adolescents. For this study, data from the National Inpatient Sample data set were used. Based on the diagnosis of ADHD, the patient sample was stratified into two groups. Study group was composed of patients with ADHD, and control group was selected by propensity score matching (1:1), which composed of patients without ADHD. The primary outcome was suicidal ideation/attempt between the groups. Prevalence of SI was 25.1% in patients with ADHD versus 10.3% among patients without ADHD. Prevalence of SA was also very high (8.0% vs 3.9%) among patient with ADHD compared with non-ADHD group. After controlling for covariates, ADHD was a strong predictor of suicidal ideation/attempt with an odds ratio of 2.18. It is important to screen for suicidality in patient with ADHD given the high prevalence of suicidality.

Bipolar disorders (BDs) are associated with significant risk of suicide. BD patients (age ≥18 years) admitted to the hospital were identified from the National Inpatient Sample dataset. Based on the secondary diagnosis of chronic pain disorder (CPD), patients were stratified into two groups (1) BD with CPD (BD + CPD) and (2) BD without CPD (BD - CPD). Groups were matched (1:1) for the type of BD and compared for baseline characteristics and suicidal ideation/attempt (SI/SA). Compared with BD - CPD, most patients in the BD + CPD group were older (mean age, 47.6 vs. 40.4 years), female (58.4% vs. 55.2%), and white (77.2% vs. 66.7%). After adjusting for covariates, compared with the BD - CPD group, the BD + CPD group had 21% more risk of SI/SA (odds ratio, 1.21, p0.001). CPD is independently associated with the increased risk of suicide among patients with BD. Thus, comorbid CPD among patients admitted for BD can be an essential risk factor for suicide.

Background: Racial and ethnic minorities (such as Chinese-speaking (CS)) are known to have less equitable access to mental health services than Caucasians. These disparities have a powerful influence on minority groups that already endure a greater burden from mental health needs. Aim: The aim was to identify perceived provider barriers to care for CS patients. Methods: The study involved an 11-item web-based survey to multidisciplinary health professionals in the department of psychiatry at a 75-bed teaching community mental health center. Results: More than half the respondents agreed that there are disparities in the management of CS versus non-CS patients primarily due to the language barrier (46%). However, older participants and participants who worked fewer hours per week in patient care were less likely to agree (rho = −.27, p = .05 and rho = .33, p = .015, respectively) that these perceived difficulties prevented them from caring for these patients. Conclusion: The study revealed that certain modifiable factors like the limited availability of interpreters and culturally appropriate services, rendering psychoeducation and forming therapeutic alliances with CS patients, posed the greatest challenges on inpatient units. In light of these findings, we aim to make recommendations to remediate concerns of limited provider availability by proposing ways to efficiently utilize current resources and advocate for better staffing to improve the overall well-being of this challenging patient subset.

With the emergence of COBIT in 1996, organizations were introduced to a framework that aimed to combine the best practices and provide essential guidelines for the successful business development along with the growth of competitiveness of the organization. Today, COBIT 5 has been adopted by numerous organizations as the primary business framework for the governance and management of enterprise IT. This article explores the evolution of the framework since its genesis to the present. The authors perform a systematic literature review taking into account a total of 93 publications that relate to various aspects of COBIT. The research papers have been categorized on the basis of their scope and on their nature (empirical, conceptual or descriptive). The data collected from these publications are analyzed to identify various trends- commonalities, differences, themes, and the nature of the study. This article also provides an overview in terms of the need of COBIT, the strengths and weaknesses of each version of the framework and how each version addresses the shortcomings of its predecessors. The research article also comprehensively discusses the state of art version of the framework COBIT 5. Further, they present a detailed analysis of how this framework is currently leveraged by organizations to identify and mitigate IT and organizational risk through better governance. In conclusion, this article also discusses the issues faced by the enterprises in its implementation today and scope of future research.

Depression is one of the highest prevalent mental illnesses and is one of the common illnesses that can have its onset during childhood or adolescence. It is estimated that up to 20% of children experience mental illness worldwide. Preventing the onset of depression in children and adolescents should be a vital public health goal that will improve public health and decrease health care costs. We reviewed literature that described school-based interventions to prevent the onset of depression, reduce the severity of depressive symptoms, and enhance global functioning in adolescents. Our research also provides strategies for school-based intervention programs that are mainly categorized into three main subtypes. We also discussed each subtype and its advantages and limitations. The goal is to bring the readers an understanding of the importance of preventing depression on a community level, beginning at schools.

Psychological first aid (PFA) is one of the vital tools in delivering psychological interventions to those who have undergone or experienced traumatic events. Traumatic experiences during calamities, outbreaks of infections, and war can induce a significant amount of stress in the absence of early and effective intervention provided by trained caregivers. The coronavirus pandemic has caused significant levels of fear as governments impose quarantine and lockdown to contain the infection. Countries around the globe have halted several social and economic operations to curb the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, panic, helplessness, and horror aided by the infection due to the lack of a definitive cure has exposed the population to significant mental distress, thus warranting psychological intervention.

An infection of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 converted rapidly into pandemic by March 11, 2020. To date, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has risen exponentially in more than 200 countries, with an estimated crude mortality ratio of at least over 2%. The unpreparedness to tackle the unprecedented situation of coronavirus has contributed to the rising number of cases, which has generated an immense sense of fear and anxiety amongst the public. It has further resulted in the inadequacy and unavailability of essential medical supplies, physicians, and healthcare workers (HCW). Although the chief focus is on minimizing transmission through prevention, combating infection, and saving lives by ramping up the development of treatment and vaccines, very little attention is on the critical issue of physician burnout, resident burnout, and the psychological well-being of HCW. Until now, no significant steps have been taken by the authorities to minimize the COVID-19 specific contributing factors for burnout. The COVID-19 has posed strain on the entire healthcare system already, and it is vital to remediate the issue of physician and resident burnout urgently with concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential short-term and long-term adverse implications.

India contributes to around one-fifth of the global under-five mortality and also maternal mortality besides one-third of the neonatal mortality. Since any reduction in child mortality in India is crucial for the global decline, therefore, the Indian Government decided to undertake massive correction of the health system. This led to the launch of National Rural Health Mission in the year 2005. Since then, significant progress has been made and child mortality rates have shown a sharp decline. On comparing the progress made by the world toward Millennium Development Goals, India fares better by showing a decline of 46.5% in comparison to 41% for the entire world during the same period. In order to assess the state-wise reduction, data from sample registration system of the Registrar General of India which is available for most of the States/Union Territories (UTs) have been analyzed. States such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala have shown an impressive decline but some states such as Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Mizoram, and Delhi still have a long way to go to reach the state specific goals and targets. Any further decline would only be possible by addressing inter-district variations that are still lagging behind and focused efforts need to be made, in order to reach these desired goals. This analysis would be valuable in planning future program implementation plans. Key words: Child mortality rates, India, Millennium development goals, National Health Mission

This paper aims to explore the importance of COBIT 5 as a framework, in ensuring the effective “Governance of Enterprise Information Technology (GEIT)”, and to promote the understanding of the five COBIT 5 principles. A comprehensive literature review has also been performed taking into account a total of 56 research papers published in the last decade on COBIT. The data collected from these research papers was analyzed in order to identify various trends- commonalities, differences, themes, and the nature of study. The research papers have been categorized first on basis of their scope and secondly on their nature (empirical, conceptual or descriptive). Towards the end of the paper, we have provided an overview of our findings on the strengths and weaknesses of the research papers studied, and have made suggestions for future research.

Birth defects consisted of a group of diverse clinical conditions categorized on the basis of a congenital presentation and a partly or wholly genetic etiology. Although individually rare, birth defects affect 2-3% of all births in India. As India has the largest global annual births, in absolute numbers, India may harbor the largest number of affected children worldwide. There is a need of strategic research and interventions to bring down the rate of birth defects and associated economic burden and also a need to actively screen and identify them at early stage so necessary intervention (medical or surgical) could be initiated so as to reduce lifelong disability as a result of such defects. The recent child health screening and early intervention service initiative by the Government of India, the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram under the National Health Mission is the first attempt in the direction toward providing services for some of the more prevalent birth defects and has the potential to alleviate suffering of affected children especially from rural areas. The data collected from this program could help policy makers to allocate sufficient funds aimed at treatment of birth defects and also develop behavior change communication strategies for prevention of the same. Key words: Birth defects, India, Intervention, Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram, Screening Birth defects

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) often achieve order of magnitude speedups compared to microprocessors, but typically have been unable to improve the performance of applications with irregular memory access patterns, such as traversals of pointer-based data structures. Due to the common use of these data structures, the applicability and widespread success of FPGAs has been limited. In this paper, we introduce the traversal cache framework - a first step towards improving the performance of FPGA applications that utilize pointer-based data structures. The traversal cache is a local FPGA memory that stores repeated traversals of pointer-based data structures, allowing for these traversals to be efficiently streamed into the FPGA. Although the cache is generally limited to improving applications that exhibit repeated traversals, we show that many applications in fact have this characteristic. Furthermore, we show that few repetitions are needed to achieve performance improvements. We present experimental results showing that FPGA implementations using the traversal cache framework achieve speedups ranging from 7x to 29x compared to pointer-based software on a 3.2 GHz Xeon.