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Cyberbullying is one of the latest threats in the online world, affecting millions of people worldwide. The detection of cyberbullying became a challenging task due to the complexity involved. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for cyberbullying detection using CR* which concatenates the deep learning model’s features such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) which helps in detecting text, audio, and emoji. Initially, we collect a dataset of cyberbullying messages from social media platforms. Then we integrate convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks to build our deep learning model entitled Convolutional Recurrent (CR*) to extract features from a combination of the text data, emoji, and audio. The multimodal features were then concatenated and passed through fully connected layers for classification. The proposed approach can be useful for detecting cyberbullying on various online platforms and can help prevent the spread of cyberbullying.

A sort of digital circuit used to multiply two binary values is called a Baugh-Wooley multiplier. It is renowned for being more effective than other kinds of multipliers in terms of speed and gate count. You would normally start by creating a simple version of the circuit utilizing logic gates like AND gates, XOR gates, and half adders to simulate the Baugh-Wooley multiplier. The design would then be optimized utilizing methods like parallel processing, pipelining, and optimization algorithms to lower the overall gate count and boost the functionality of the circuit. Because of this, estimating a Baugh-Wooley multiplier would require a thorough knowledge of these elements as well as the specifications of the application. Verilog HDL is used to implement this design, and Modelsim 6.4 c is used to simulate it. The synthesis process tool from Xilinx measures performance.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a major route of metastatic dissemination and recent studies indicate its value as an independent prognostic indicator for advanced breast, colorectal, squamous cell, prostate, brain cancers. LVI is a clinicopathological hallmark of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an understudied and most lethal breast cancer. IBC is often misdiagnosed due to an absence of a solid mass and its unique presentation of diffuse tumor cell clusters/emboli in the dermal lymphatics. Widely used mammary tumor implantation models coupled with bioluminescence or fluorescence imaging to monitor tumor growth kinetics are ineffective for evaluating spatial and temporal changes in growth and migration patterns of individual tumor cells and clusters within their microenvironmental context. The goal of this study was to develop a murine model to simulate the unique clinicopathological features of IBC patients and to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively local tumor growth, motility, and LVI. Methods: To specifically facilitate visualization of lymphatic and endothelial vessels along with tumor-vessel interactions, we generated a transgenic nude mice model (ProxTom RFP Nu/Nu) wherein, the mice exhibit red, fluorescent lymphatics [tdTomato fluorophore under control of a Prox1 promoter, which encodes a transcription factor (prospero-related homeobox 1) necessary for the formation and maintenance of lymphatic vessels]. Next, we employed a surgical technique, wherein a window chamber is placed on the dorsal skinfold of mice, which allows for microscopic examination of implanted tumor cells and ability to track dynamic changes of the tumor in its local microenvironment from the time of implantation up to 10 days. Patient-derived IBC or PDX stably transfected to express green, red fluorescent and/or dual tagged with luciferase reporters were transplanted in mice bearing window chambers. Intravital fluorescence microscopy and IVIS imaging were used to serially quantify local tumor growth, motility, length density of lymph and blood vessels, and degree of tumor cell lymphatic invasion over 0-140h. Results: Multichannel optical imaging of the window chamber in the ProxTom RFP Nu/Nu mice demonstrated co-localization of IBC tumor cells and lymphatics. Diffuse tumor cells were observed along regions of lymphatic vessels both proximal and distal to the primary tumor site. However, measurement of blood and lymph vessel density showed no significant change over time. Next, these datasets were used for quantitative analysis by setting the tumor cell channel (GFP) at a threshold to count any clusters greater than 50 pixels2 (~0.0013mm2) and with greater than the mean + 2 standard deviations of the background signal while avoiding noise/artifacts from very small regions ( Citation Format: Gayathri R Devi, Dorababu Sannareddy, Alexandra Bennion, Ashlyn Rickard, Douglas C Rouse, Mark W Dewhirst, Gregory M Palmer. Monitoring Lymphovascular Invasion and Tumor Growth of Inflammatory Breast Cancer in a Murine Lymphatic Reporter Window Chamber Model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-06.

Electronic word of mouth (EWoM) is similar to the standard word of mouth- the only difference is, the use of Internet as a base in EWoM. By understanding the personality antecedents of EWoM, the consumer buyer beahviour could be analysed more specifically. The current study has the objectives of understanding the influence of the personality antecedents and EWoM, and of the consumer towards consumer purchase behaviour. The data were collected from 200 respondents in different districts of TamilNadu through a structured questionnaire. The data is analyzed by using the structural equation model in determining the relationship towards the purchase behaviour. It is evident from the study that EWoM determinant influent purchase behaviour with significant R square value of 0.41, and equally the personality of the customer influence with R square value 0.58. The model fit well and has greater alignment of fit also. The personality antecedents of EWoM have become an integral part of the current generation while making a purchase decision.

For the rapid evaluation of any anti-psoriatic preparations require a credible and scientifically acceptable model that should at least partially resemble the skin. The skin is composed by cholesterol, proteins like elastin, keratin etc. Therefore a semi-permeable membrane composed on most of such agents may help us to evaluate how the absorption and associated permeation of the drug happens through such membrane. We have developed a surrogate skin model using the essential chemical composition of the skin and have evaluated the absorption kinetics of Psorolin B and details are presented in the article. Keywords: Psorolin B, lipo-hydro balance, xerotic skin, psoriasis

In the present paper we have investigated Psorolin B ointment for improving the bio-mechanical property of the skin. Psorolin B ointment is proprietary Siddha formulation composed of Boswellia serrata, Wrightia tinctoria, Cynodon dactylon, Hydnocarpus laurifolia and red ochre. The bio-mechanical property/elasticity of the skin is evaluated in volar forearm region by four different methods such as applying uniaxial force, centripetal force, vacuum suction and instant retraction by pinch-pull test. The findings clearly showed that Psorolin B ointment improved the skin elasticity and dexterity of the cutaneous tissue. In our previous study we have already established the elastase and collagenase inhibitory effect of Psorolin B and it also possess strong antioxidant effect. The findings are discussed in the article.

The design of the present investigation was to prepare Piroxicam bounded pharmacosomes to improve the water solubility, bioavailability and to minimize the gastrointestinal toxicity of Piroxicam. Pharmacosome is a potential approach in vesicular drug delivery systems which exhibits several advantages over conventional vesicular drug delivery systems. Pharmacosomes are phospholipid complexes with a potential to improve bioavailability of poorly water soluble as well as poorly lipophilic drugs. Piroxicam was complexed with soya phosphatidylcholine in various ratios using conventional solvent evaporation technique. In our study, Pharmacosomes thus prepared were subjected to drug solubility, drug content evaluation, surface morphology (by scanning electron microscopy), crystallinity (by X- ray powder diffraction), quality control tests for capsules and in-vitro dissolution study. Solubility profile of the prepared complexes was found to be much better than Piroxicam pure drug. This improvement in solubility of the prepared pharmacosomes may result in improved dissolution and lower gastrointestinal toxicity. Drug content was found to be 96.84%w /W for the optimized Piroxicam phospholipid complex, F1 (Piroxicam: lecithin ratio of 1:1). The pharmacosomes were found to be disc shaped in scanning electron microscopy. X-ray powder diffraction data confirmed the formation of phospholipid complexes. The formulation F1 showed 94.69% drug release while the free Piroxicam showed a total of only 60.42% at the end of 10-hour dissolution study. Thus the solubility and hence the bioavailability of Piroxicam can be increased to a greater extent by complexing it with soya phosphatidylcholine.

We consider a multi-hypothesis testing problem involving a K-armed bandit. Each arm's signal follows a distribution from a vector exponential family. The actual parameters of the arms are unknown to the decision maker. The decision maker incurs a delay cost for delay until a decision and a switching cost whenever he switches from one arm to another. His goal is to minimise the overall cost until a decision is reached on the true hypothesis. Of interest are policies that satisfy a given constraint on the probability of false detection. This is a sequential decision making problem where the decision maker gets only a limited view of the true state of nature at each stage, but can control his view by choosing the arm to observe at each stage. An information-theoretic lower bound on the total cost (expected time for a reliable decision plus total switching cost) is first identified, and a variation on a sequential policy based on the generalised likelihood ratio statistic is then studied. Due to the vector exponential family assumption, the signal processing at each stage is simple; the associated conjugate prior distribution on the unknown model parameters enables easy updates of the posterior distribution. The proposed policy, with a suitable threshold for stopping, is shown to satisfy the given constraint on the probability of false detection. Under a continuous selection assumption, the policy is also shown to be asymptotically optimal in terms of the total cost among all policies that satisfy the constraint on the probability of false detection., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1712.03682

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In this study, the role of hyper-radiation sensitivity (HRS) in potentiating the effects of cisplatin by low-dose fractionated radiation (LDFRT) was evaluated in four human non–small cell lung cancer cell lines. Presence of HRS and cisplatin enhancement ratio (CER) by LDFRT/2 Gy was assessed using colony-forming and apoptotic assays. Cell-cycle disturbances were studied by flow cytometry. Expression of genes involved in apoptosis was assessed using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR arrays. H-157 cells showed a distinct HRS region, followed by UKY-29 and A549 cells, whereas it was absent in H460 cells, which when lack HRS showed maximum CER with LDFRT (4 × 0.5 Gy) both by clonogenic inhibition and by apoptosis compared with single fraction of 2 Gy whereas the most radioresistant A549 cells had the least CER, with no significant differences between LDFRT or 2 Gy. Interestingly, in H-157 cells, a more pronounced CER was observed with LDFRT when assessed by apoptosis but clonogenic inhibition-CER was higher with 2 Gy than with LDFRT. Excluding H-157 cells, the CER by LDFRT was inversely proportional to radioresistance [(determined by D0, the dose to reduce survival by 67% from any point on the linear portion of the survival curve or surviving fraction (SF) at 2 Gy (SF2)] of the cells. LDFRT alone or in combination with cisplatin induced larger number of proapoptotic genes than 2 Gy or cisplatin + 2 Gy in cells showing HRS when compared to H460 cells that lack HRS. These findings indicate that chemopotentiation by LDFRT is correlated more with the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of the non–small lung cancer cells than the HRS phenomenon whereas the mode of cell killing is both through apoptosis and clonogenic inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(2); 292–302. ©2011 AACR.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subgroup of breast cancer, and patients with TNBC have few therapeutic options. Apoptosis resistance is a hallmark of human cancer, and apoptosis regulators have been targeted for drug development for cancer treatment. One class of apoptosis regulators is the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Dysregulated IAP expression has been reported in many cancers, including breast cancer, and has been shown to be responsible for resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, IAPs have become attractive molecular targets for cancer treatment. Here, we first investigated the antitumor efficacy of birinapant (TL32711), a biindole-based bivalent mimetic of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMACs), in TNBC. We found that birinapant as a single agent has differential antiproliferation effects in TNBC cells. We next assessed whether birinapant has a synergistic effect with commonly used anticancer drugs, including entinostat (class I histone deacetylase inhibitor), cisplatin, paclitaxel, voxtalisib (PI3K inhibitor), dasatinib (Src inhibitor), erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor), and gemcitabine, in TNBC. Among these tested drugs, gemcitabine showed a strong synergistic effect with birinapant. Birinapant significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in TNBC both in vitro and in xenograft mouse models through activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway via degradation of cIAP2 and XIAP, leading to apoptotic cell death. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of birinapant to enhance the antitumor efficacy of gemcitabine in TNBC by targeting the IAP family of proteins.

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Supplementary Data

Gene expression profiles identified 933 differentially expressed genes between control and wtXIAP tumors

Primers used in this study, alignment of probesets used for detection of XIAP expression on XIAP mRNA, GSEA network graphic of XIAP-dependent mRNA expression, heat maps of genes positively and negatively correlated with XIAP expression, and analysis of in vivo tumor tissue from xenograft studies.

The increasing number of commercial vehicles on the roads has led to a significant increase in exhaust gas emissions, which contribute to air pollution and environmental degradation. The proposed IoT -based automatic exhaust gas emission monitoring system offers a solution to this problem by providing a cost-effective, efficient, and accurate way of monitoring the emissions of commercial vehicles. The system is designed using a PIC16F877A microcontroller, which is responsible for controlling the overall functionality of the system. It communicates with an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to collect data on the emission levels of the commercial vehicle. The collected data is displayed on an LCD screen, allowing the driver and passengers to see real-time emission levels. The system also uses a GPS module to track the location of the commercial vehicle. The GPS data is transmitted to the central server, along with the emission data, through a GSM module. This allows for real-time monitoring and analysis of the emissions data, providing a more accurate and reliable way of assessing the impact of commercial vehicles on the environment. The system is capable of measuring various gases, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and other harmful gases. The system provides an early warning system, alerting the driver when the emission levels exceed the permissible limit. The driver can then take appropriate action, such as reducing the speed or stopping the vehicle. Key Words: Internet of Things (IOT), GPS, GSM, SENSOR MODULES.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, but aggressive type of locally advanced breast cancer for which a specific immune response seems to be an important driver (Van Laere et al., CCR 2013). The tumor immune micro-environment (TIME) of IBC is characterized by an influx of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and patients with spatial colocalization of TAMs with tumor cells seem to have a worse prognosis (Van Berckelaer et al., SABCS 2019). In contrast with TAMs, the presence of CD8+ T cells was associated with a better prognosis in IBC. Cytotoxic T cells mediate killing of the tumor by inducing apoptosis after activation of effector caspases-3/-7, regulated by the X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis protein (XIAP). Recently, we reported that XIAP in breast cancer is associated with shorter survival and resistance to chemotherapy (Devi et al, Cancers 2021). In IBC, XIAP is translationally upregulated during cellular stress and induces, via NFkB, an immunosuppressive signaling (Evan et al, Cancer Res 2018). Therefore, we investigated the interplay between tumor cell driven XIAP expression and the TIME. METHODOLOGY: IBC patient clinicopathological variables (n=75) along with Affymetrix data (n=30/75) were collected. Immunostainings for XIAP, CD8 and CD163 (Hematoxylin-DAB) were done according to validated protocols. All slides were digitized and evaluated in Visiopharm to quantify the number of DAB+ immune cells and the relative marker area (RMA: the DAB+ area/total area of interest). Spatial interactions were examined using an effector index (EI) that counts the number of immune cells in a circle with a radius of 30 mcm around a CD8+ T cell or a tumor cell. We evaluated correlations between XIAP protein and mRNA expression, immune cell signatures (using CIBERSORT) & gene-expression pathways as a validation of our IHC findings. RESULTS: High XIAP expression was detected in 45.3% of the IBC samples (n= 34/75). Although, XIAP expression was not associated with any clinicopathological parameters like grade, molecular subtype, or disease stage. High XIAP expressing tumors had more sTIL infiltration (P= 0.008), PDL1 expression (P= 0.012) and infiltration with TAMs (RMA: 1.03% (0.03% – 5.97%) vs. 2.73% (0.01% – 11.3%), P= 0.003). Furthermore, in these XIAP high samples TAMs were also located closer to the tumor cells (EI: 0.95 cells (0.06 – 3.48) vs. 2.04 cells (0.28 – 5.20), P< 0.001) and the CD8+ T cells (EI: 2.85 cells (0.26 – 8.85) vs. 5.13 cells (0.87 – 10.16), P< 0.001), while there was no correlation between XIAP and the total number of CD8+ cells. Although gene expression data analysis did not reveal any correlation between protein and mRNA expression of XIAP, there was a significant correlation between XIAP activation signature and protein expression (P Citation Format: Christophe Van Berckelaer, Steven Van Laere, Joseph Gerardts, Luc Dirix, Michael Morse, Mark Kockx, François Bertucci, Peter Van Dam, Gayathri R Devi. Xiap expression is associated with infiltration of cd163+ tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor micro-environment of inflammatory breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-07.

Data application in organizations has shifted its focus to meeting the legal requirements of employment. This shift in data use gradually altered the dynamics of the Human Resource Management (HRM) role, and organizations now expect high-quality analysis from HR professionals. Various studies suggested that the use of Human Resource Analytics (HRA) would assist HR professionals in developing diverse viewpoints on their contribution to the financial targets of organizations through the creation of suitable measurements. Still, not many researchers have explored the role of HRA in increasing the business outcomes of Indian organizations. In this study, we analysed the role of HRA competencies in determining business outcomes as well as examined the gap existing in the expected and existing competencies of HR analysts in Indian organizations. Our in-depth literature review prepared a conceptual framework based on Capability Motivation and Opportunity (CMO) model. A quantitative methodology was adopted to gather the data as it integrates the components of HRA competency and measures their impact on business outcomes. A structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to 230 HR professionals, including HRA users as well as HR managers who work in different organizations in the city of Bengaluru. The data were analysed using various statistical tools and SPSS software. Overall, our study provides a significant depiction of the role of HRA in determining business outcomes, as well as the gap between the competencies demonstrated by HR analysts and the competency levels expected of them.

The system is fed with the CCTV footage or a real-time web camera, where the people in the frame get detected and the face mask detection module takes place. It uses the facial recognition and identifies a person without mask, followed by a notification alert message through a mail. Then the social distancing module checks whether the person is in a safe zone by measuring social distancing with nearby people. It alerts as “Please put on the mask. The people near you are not following social distancing.” The CCTV cameras are set-up in places where the system needs to follow the above violation metrics. Extra CCTV cameras can be installed if certain areas are meant to be monitored where CCTV cameras were not previously installed. Then the servers or computers must be installed to run inference of the received footage. The system uses a deep learning model in the computer servers to identify the above specified violation metrics.

Purpose: The present study analyses the role of HRA competencies in determining the financial outcomes. Moreover, the study also examines the gap existing in the expected and existing competencies of HR analysts in Indian organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the wake of findings from an in-depth literature review, the present study prepares a conceptual framework based on Capability Motivation and Opportunity (CMO) model to test the hypotheses on a sample size of 230 HR and HRA professionals which were formulated to analyse the relationship among the study variables. A quantitative methodology with a structured questionnaire was adopted to gather the data as it integrates the components of HRA competency and measures their impact on business outcomes. Findings: The findings demonstrated that business outcomes can be improved by providing motivation and opportunities to employees, who possess HR analytical skills. A Structural Equation Model was developed by the study to assess the compatibility of the proposed CMO framework in explaining the relationships among the study variables. Practical Implications: The application of data in the organizations has changed its mode and concentrated on fulfilling the legal wants of the employment. This change in the use of data gradually changed dynamics of Human Resource Management (HRM) role and the organizations expect good analysis quality from Human Resource (HR) professions. Originality /Value: The study provided a significant depiction of the role played by HRA in determining the business outcomes and the gap existing in the competencies exhibited by HR analysts, with respect to the competency levels expected from them. Still, not many researchers explored the role of HRA in increasing the business out come in the context of Indian organizations.

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are widely used in various biomedical applications such as disease imaging and therapy due to their unique plasmonic properties. To improve their bioavailability, GNRs often need to be coated with hydrophilic polymers so as to impart stealth properties. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been long used as such a coating material for GNRs. However, there is increasing acknowledgement that the amphiphilic nature of PEG facilitates its interaction with protein molecules, leading to immune recognition and consequent side effects. This has motivated the search for new classes of low-fouling polymers with high hydrophilicity as alternative low-fouling surface coating materials for GNRs. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and application of GNRs coated with highly hydrophilic sulfoxide-containing polymers. We investigated the effect of the sulfoxide polymer coating on the cellular uptake and

Trade plays an important aspect in broadening the aperture to international merchandise and services; for instance, it allows nations to handle distress by changing suppliers when domestic or international links are disrupted. The COVID-19 pandemic's health and economic catastrophe has been a tremendous pressure for every national system, causing unparalleled distress to universal supply networks and trade associations. In nominal dollar terms, the global GDP fell by 3.3% worldwide, and trade in goods and services declined by 9.6% in 2020, ensuing in the most terrible recession since World War II. Countries that share boundaries with many other countries are predominantly susceptible to interruption in the delivery of crucial provisions due to transportation problem. The purpose of this chapter is to focus on the prevalent inequalities across all countries amidst diverse segments.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with extremely limited therapeutic options. Abnormal accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins in the soma of motor neurons is one of the main pathological hallmarks of ALS. Hence, reducing the burden of misfolded protein in motor neurons has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to control the disease. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) carry the potential to effectively silence proteins with gain-of-function mutations, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). However, the extremely poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of ASOs and invasiveness of current intrathecal delivery methods, warrant the development of alternative strategies for the delivery of ASOs to the central nervous system (CNS). In the current study, we report the effective delivery of a next-generation SOD1 ASO (Tofersen) into the brain of mice using calcium phosphate lipid nanoparticles following systemic delivery. Most importantly, for the first time, we demonstrate the superior capability of transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) with intravenously administered microbubbles to significantly improve the delivery of ASO-loaded nanoparticles into the mouse brain compared to control mice receiving FUS without microbubbles. Histological examination in combination with contrast enhanced MRI suggests that the opening of the BBB in this context is transient and without evidence of any perturbation in the neural micro environment, parenchymal injury or necrosis indicating the treatment is well tolerated. Further in vivo evaluation of this strategy could lead to the development of a promising new approach for therapeutic delivery to treat ALS in patients.

Improving our understanding of how design choices in materials synthesis impact biological outcomes is of critical importance in the development of nanomedicines. Here, we show that fluorophore labeling of polymer nanomedicine candidates significantly alters their transport and cell association in multi-cellular tumor spheroids and their penetration in breast cancer xenografts, dependent on the type of the fluorophore and their positioning within the macromolecular structure. These data show the critical importance of the biomaterials structure and architecture in their tissue distribution and intracellular trafficking, which in turn govern their potential therapeutic efficacy. The broader implication of these findings suggests that when developing materials for medical applications, great care should be taken early on in the design process as relatively simple choices may have downstream impacts that could potentially skew preclinical biology data.

Individual environmental contaminants have been associated with breast cancer (BCa); however, simultaneous evaluations of multiple exposures are limited. The USEPA has constructed an environmental quality index (EQI) that includes different exposures across air, water, land, sociodemographic, and built environments. As links between BCa and the EQI have so far been confined to total BCa incidence, herein we investigated if these multiple exposures in broad EQI domains were associated with BCa incidence stratified by stage of disease. Incidence rates of total, in situ, localized, regional, and distant breast cancer were assessed by linking the EQI dataset to county-level age-standardized incidence rates obtained from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry (2010-2014), which reports all cancer cases diagnosed in NC residents. Generalized linear models (SAS 9.3) were constructed to determine the associations between breast cancer incidence rates by summary stage and the EQI in total and by domain, compared across rural versus urban counties. Models were adjusted for percent African American (AA), percent smokers, and mammography screening rates in each county. Mann-Whitney rank tests and D'Agostino-Pearson normality tests were used to determine statistical significance. Results showed that the EQI is variable across NC, akin to variability across the U.S. (interquartile range 25th-75th% for total EQI in NC: -0.187 to 0.734 vs in the U.S.: –0.606 to 0.706). In counties with poor total EQI scores, and thus poor overall environmental quality, total BCa incidence increased by 10.82 cases per 100,000 persons (95%CI: 2.04, 19.60, p=0.016). This association was most pronounced for localized BCa (β=5.59, 95%CI: 0.59, 10.58, p=0.029). Higher incidence of early-stage disease (carcinoma in situ β=5.25, 95%CI: 2.34, 8.16, p=0.001 and localized BCa β=6.98, 95%CI: 2.24, 11.73, p=0.004) and total breast cancer (β=11.44, 95%CI: 3.01, 19.87, p=0.008) also occurred in counties with poor land quality, especially urban counties. The county AA percentage was associated with increased incidence of regional (0.12 cases per % increase, 95% CI 0.01, 0.22, p=0.022) and distant BCa (0.06 per % increase, 95% CI 0.02, 0.10, p=0.003). Associations persisted and were strengthened in urban counties for regional BCa, and in rural counties for distant BCa. In sum, we found that BCa is associated with environmental quality differentially by disease stage, environmental domain, and urbanicity. Although what drives poor EQI varies by region, our analyses are generalizable to other states and counties across the U.S. and suggest that cumulative environmental exposures should be assessed in the context of cancer stage. Funding: Duke Cancer Institute pilot (GRD, KPH) in P30 Cancer Ctr grant; NIEHS T32-ESO21432-05; NCI-3P20CA202925-04S2 Diversity Supplement (LGS). Citation Format: Larisa M. Gearhart-Serna, Kate Hoffman, Hillary Hsu, Gayathri R. Devi. Cumulative environmental quality is associated with breast cancer incidence differentially by summary stage and urbanicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4217.

The present research dealt with the extraction and characterization of mucilage from the Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves. Compared with normal binding agents such as starch and Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidine (PVP), the mucilage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HSM) was assessed for its binding properties in tablet formulations. Tablets were formulated using HSM, starch and PVP as binders at a various concentration to evaluate its comparative binding efficiency. The compressed tablets were analyze for their quality control tests as per IP. The extracted HSM showed the characteristics of mucilage and good physicochemical properties. The FTIR and thermal analysis compatibility tests showed that there were no significant reactions between the drug and mucilage. Granule properties of various formulations were found to be comparable and have excellent flow characteristics. Post compression parameters suggested that tablets formulated with mucilage had better hardness and friability as that of the tablets prepared with starch and PVP. The formulations exhibited a better and more consistent release as compared to standard formulations using starch and PVP as a binder. The statistical analysis of in vitro dissolution profile by using DD solver software for difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2), and Rescigno index (ξ) values also indicated promising results. The results notably indicate that binding property of HSM was at par with starch and PVP.

Background and objectives An individual’s risk of breast cancer is profoundly affected by evolutionary mismatch. Mismatches in Western society known to increase the risk of breast cancer include a sedentary lifestyle and reproductive factors. Biota alteration, characterized by a loss of biodiversity from the ecosystem of the human body as a result of Western society, is a mismatch known to increase the risk of a variety of inflammation-related diseases, including colitis-associated colon cancer. However, the effect of biota alteration on breast cancer has not been evaluated. Methodology In this study, we utilized the C3(1)-TAg mouse model of breast cancer to evaluate the role of biota alteration in the development of breast cancer. This model has been used to recapitulate the role of exercise and pregnancy in reducing the risk of breast cancer. C3(1)-TAg mice were treated with Hymenolepis diminuta, a benign helminth that has been shown to reverse the effects of biota alteration in animal models. Results No effect of the helminth H. diminuta was observed. Neither the latency nor tumor growth was affected by the therapy, and no significant effects on tumor transcriptome were observed based on RNAseq analysis. Conclusions and implications These findings suggest that biota alteration, although known to affect a variety of Western-associated diseases, might not be a significant factor in the high rate of breast cancer observed in Western societies. Lay summary An almost complete loss of intestinal worms in high-income countries has led to increases in allergic disorders, autoimmune conditions, and perhaps colon cancer. However, in this study, results using laboratory mice suggest that loss of intestinal worms might not be associated with breast cancer.

Aim: The aim of the research is to establish diagnosis of diseases in cervico facial lymphadenopathy by colour Doppler ultrasound. The purpose of the present study is to study the clinical aspects of lymph node and the changes in node in colour doppler ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: Patients were clinically examined by bimanual palpation for cervico facial lymphadenopathy and their colour doppler ultrasound findings were recorded. Biopsy was done to confirm ultrasound findings. Results: The internal architecture of the node, the pattern of colour doppler flow, vascular resistance were assessed in various inflammatory and malignant lymph nodes. Conclusion: The utility of colour doppler ultrasound is really beneficial in establishing the regional lymph node enlargement as inflammatory and metastatic node. Keywords: Lymphnode, Colour doppler, Ultrasound, Reactive nodes, Necrosis, Blood flow.

To make mindfulness and teach professionals about the impact of consolidating gold and silver NPs on the shear bond quality in endodontics. Silver and Gold nanoparticles have uncommon attributes that settle on them as great decisions as fillers for dental caries filling. They could remain in nanoscale in the nearness of appropriate stabilizers which implies little collection or bunching and consistently dispersed particles. They have high synthetic dependability and make them simple to be integrated and controlled. Biocompatibility makes them nontoxic for living beings. Some considered the nearness of nanoparticles could redirect the miniaturized scale split and viably increment the protection from the applied force to diminish the clinical disappointments because of less bond quality composite. This study will be helpful. This overview assesses the information and mindfulness on the utilization of gold and silver nanoparticles in endodontic practice. An absolute number of 20 articles were chosen—period (or) term considered for reference articles 2000 to 2020. The information for this article was gathered from web search tools like PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, MESH, COCHRANE, SEMANTIC SCHOLAR. Through this examination, we have talked about the mindfulness utilization of gold and silver nanoparticles in endodontic practice. It makes professionals know about the benefits of gold and silver nanoparticles.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in the world. The age-standardised incident rate for breast cancer is of 39 per 100,000, which is twice that of cancer in the second position. In India, also breast cancer is becoming an increasing health problem. The study is aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of risk factors associated with breast cancer. A questionnaire composed of 15 questions were circulated through an online platform google forms. The results were collected and data were analyzed using SPSS software. The awareness of breast cancer among working women comprising 75% aware and 25% not aware. The awareness about risk factors of breast cancer comprising 80% aware and 20% not aware. The percentage of the risk factor of breast cancer comprising 28% family history of breast cancer, 22% of advanced age, 9% obesity and 41% choose all the above. The overall awareness of all subgroups was fair reporting correct answers. The awareness among working women was moderate and more awareness should be created. This study concludes that awareness and measures have been taken towards risk factors of breast cancer.

Dementia is a syndrome where the memory deteriorates, thinking changes, behaviour changes, etc. It can get developed from Alzheimer's disease and mainly affects elderly people. The fine particulate matter present in the air can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems which can lead to dementia. The main aim of this research is to understand the knowledge and awareness of people on the topic of air pollution linked to dementia. A survey was designed to analyse the result. The questionnaire was prepared in Google Forms- website and was distributed to 100 participants. The questionnaire was based on dementia and air pollution and its relation. The data was then collected and statistically analysed using SPSS software. 71% of the participants were aware that both air pollution and dementia are increasing factors of global risk. And only 77% of the participants were aware of the term ‘dementia’.Awareness must be spread on dementia and its link with air pollution, especially among elderly people. Awareness must be created on a larger scale of population, and also the public's opinion on dementia and its link with air pollution must be known for further future studies.

Engineered cell-based therapeutics is having a great commitment in the field of treatment of human diseases. Scientific studies revealed that cell-based therapeutics play a key role in the treatment of cancers which can be an alternative for traditional immunotherapy. Even though there have been promising results, and the potential side effects resulting in mortality forced the scientists to impart regulations in the current therapies. These are evident in the growing frame of the literature of synthetic biology. Synthetic Biology empowered these new approaches to several applications in the medical field, including the development of bioengineered cell-based immunotherapies, peculiarly T-cell engineering with tumour-targeting receptors and the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells. The specific applications of this bioengineering of cells include direct injection of cells, merging the cells with a biomaterial scaffold in an in vitro or situ condition, or the biomaterial scaffold implantation alone which can induce surrounding cells leading to tissue restoration. Hence the aim of this review article is to highlight the various aspects of engineered cell-based therapeutics.

Hand washing is an effective way to avoid the spread of infections. The good hand hygiene involves cleaning the hands in between patients or between examining an infected site and clean body site. The aim of the study is to find out Whether the health care providers are knowledgeable about hand washing techniques and aware of the healthcare-associated diseases. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among 202 health care providers Through the online survey website, Google forms. About 14 questions have been distributed among the health care providers. The results were analysed by SPSS software. The 65.35% of the healthcare providers were aware about the hand hygiene practices, whereas 34.65% were not aware. 57.92% of the healthcare providers were aware of the materials used in hand washing techniques. The Pearson chi-square analysis showed that males are more aware than females on the hand hygiene practices among healthcare providers. This study concludes that the awareness and knowledge of the healthcare providers on the hand washing techniques and hand hygiene are slightly moderate.

Photodynamic therapy is a light-based therapy that uses photosensitizers as an activating substance which has an inducing and therapeutic effect. It can be used to treat many periodontal and orthodontic problems in dentistry. It is used widely in treating many problems related to periodontics, oral lesions and to treat cariogenic bacteria. The aim of the study was to analyse the awareness on applications of photodynamic therapy in dentistry among undergraduate dental students. A questionnaire was prepared and administered to 100 participants through Google forms - an online survey platform. The study population included undergraduate dental students. Results were collected and generated in SPSS software. The results showed that the majority of participants were aware about the photodynamic therapy and its various uses in dentistry to treat patients. Photodynamic therapy is a light-based therapy which is used to treat various periodontal problems and it is used in gingival curettage and melanin pigmentation removal in dentistry. Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that the undergraduate dental students were well informed about the various uses of photodynamic therapy in dentistry.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a main source of death for generally racial and ethnic gatherings of United States blacks and whites and represents 1 of every 4 passings. Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease and it involves solidifying and narrowing of arteries. It can put the bloodstream into danger and supply routes get blocked. Self administrated questionnaire was designed based on risk factors of atherosclerosis. The questionnaire was distributed through an online survey link. The questionnaire was completed by 100 participants, and the data were analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi square test were done to analyze the results of the survey. Majority of the participants are aware of the term atherosclerosis. Most of the participants were aware that hyper cholesterolemia, diabetes, family history and chronic stress are major risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. The Chi square test showed that the respondents at the age group of 18-25 were more aware of the risk factors than the respondents of other age groups.

Emerging evidence suggests the role of environmental chemicals, in particular endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in progression of breast cancer and treatment resistance, which can impact survival outcomes. However, most research tends to focus on tumor etiology and the effect of single chemicals, offering little insight into the effects of realistic complex mixture exposures on tumor progression. Herein, we investigated the effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-enriched EDC mixture in a panel of normal and breast cancer cells and in a tumor organoid model. Cells or organoids in culture were treated with EDC mixture at doses estimated from US adult intake of the top four PAH compounds within the mixture from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. We demonstrate that low-dose PAH mixture (6, 30 and 300 nM) increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression and CYP activity in estrogen receptor (ER) positive but not normal mammary or ER-negative breast cancer cells, and that upregulated AhR signaling corresponded with increased cell proliferation and expression of antiapoptotic and antioxidant proteins XIAP and SOD1. We employed a mathematical model to validate PAH-mediated increases in AhR and XIAP expression in the MCF-7 ER-positive cell line. Furthermore, the PAH mixture caused significant growth increases in ER-negative breast cancer cell derived 3D tumor organoids, providing further evidence for the role of a natural-derived PAH mixture in enhancing a tumor proliferative phenotype. Together, our integrated cell signaling, computational and phenotype analysis reveals the underlying mechanisms of EDC mixtures in breast cancer progression and survival.

The present study deals with the importance of herbal particle size in the AYUSH oil preparations for psoriasis in order to achieve greater absorption and therapeutic value. More often the viscosity of the oil, deep colour and the density of herbal constituents are associated with superior therapeutic value. But our study has clearly demonstrated that the dermal absorbable herbal constituents (under 40 µm) was less than 10% in most of the Wrightia tinctoria based AYUSH oil preparations sold for the treatment of psoriasis in India whereas Dr. JRK’s 777 oil contain more than 60% of the herbal constituents below 40 µm size. Further the role of particle size besides dermal absorption; in the therapeutic value also established by oxygen species scavenging assay. Findings reveal that smaller the particles greater was the antioxidant effect and hence such herbal constituents not only would offer superior therapeutic effect but also protection to the oil from going rancid. Details are presented in the paper. Keywords: AYUSH oils, Herbal oil, Psoriasis, dermal absorption, Wrightia tinctoria, rancid oil

Purpose Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with elevated metastatic potential, characterized by tumor emboli in dermal and parenchymal lymph vessels. This study has investigated the hypothesis that TGFβ signaling is implicated in the molecular biology of IBC. Methods TGFβ1-induced cell motility and gene expression patterns were investigated in three IBC and three non-IBC (nIBC) cell lines. Tissue samples from IBC and nIBC patients were investigated for the expression of nuclear SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4. SMAD protein levels were related to gene expression data. Results TGFβ1-induced cell motility was strongly abrogated in IBC cells (P = 0.003). Genes differentially expressed between IBC and nIBC cells post TGFβ1 exposure revealed attenuated expression of SMAD3 transcriptional regulators, but overexpression of MYC target genes in IBC. IBC patient samples demonstrated a near absence of SMAD3 and -4 expression in the primary tumor compared to nIBC patient samples (P

PURPOSE: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive variant for which axillary lymph node dissection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains standard of care. But with increasingly effective systemic therapy, it is unclear whether more limited axillary surgery may be appropriate in some IBC patients. We sought to examine whether extent of axillary lymph node (LN) surgery was associated with overall survival (OS) for IBC. METHODS: Female breast cancer patients with non-metastatic IBC (cT4d) diagnosed 2010–2014 were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the association between extent of axillary surgery (≤9 vs ≥10 LNs removed) and OS after adjusting for covariates, including post-NACT nodal status (ypN0 vs ypN1–3) and radiotherapy receipt (yes/no). RESULTS: 3,471 patients were included: 597 (17.2%) had cN0 disease, 1,833 (52.8%) had cN1 disease, and 1,041 (30%) had cN2–3 disease. 49.9% of cN0 patients were confirmed to be ypN0 on post-NACT surgical pathology. Being ypN0 (vs ypN1–3) was associated with improved adjusted OS for all patients. Radiotherapy was associated with improved adjusted OS for cN1 and cN2–3 patients but not for cN0 patients. Regardless of ypN status, there was a trend towards improved adjusted OS with having ≥10 (vs ≤9) LNs removed for cN2–3 patients (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.60–1.01, p=0.06) but not for cN0 patients (p=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of IBC patients in our study presented with node-positive disease, and for those presenting with cN2–3 disease, more extensive axillary surgery is potentially associated with improved survival. For cN0 patients, however, more extensive axillary surgery was not associated with a survival benefit, suggesting an opportunity for more personalized care.