1. Real-time neurochemical measurement of dynamic metabolic events during cardiac arrest and resuscitation in a porcine model
- Author
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Georgia K Smith, Kirsten Møller, De-Shaine R. K. Murray, Martyn G. Boutelle, Sarah Jeyaprakash, Michelle L. Rogers, Markus Harboe Olsen, Isabelle C. Samper, Michael Karlsson, Sally A. N. Gowers, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E
- Subjects
Resuscitation ,Swine ,Microdialysis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biosensing Techniques ,BRAIN-INJURY ,Biochemistry ,LACTATE ,Brain Ischemia ,Mixed Function Oxygenases ,GLUCOSE ,Analytical Chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,ONLINE MICRODIALYSIS ,Spectroscopy ,RAPID SAMPLING MICRODIALYSIS ,Brain ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Chemistry ,Physical Sciences ,Cardiology ,Female ,Aspergillus niger ,0301 Analytical Chemistry ,Aerococcus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Defibrillation ,Return of spontaneous circulation ,Proof of Concept Study ,Microfluidic Analysis ,Glucose Oxidase ,Neurochemical ,Internal medicine ,0399 Other Chemical Sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Lactic Acid ,Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,Science & Technology ,Chemistry, Analytical ,Neurophysiological Monitoring ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Heart Arrest ,Challenging environment ,IMMOBILIZATION ,BIOSENSORS ,Biomarkers ,SYSTEM - Abstract
This work describes a fully-integrated portable microfluidic analysis system for real-time monitoring of dynamic changes in glucose and lactate occurring in the brain as a result of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Brain metabolites are sampled using FDA-approved microdialysis probes and coupled to a high-temporal resolution 3D printed microfluidic chip housing glucose and lactate biosensors. The microfluidic biosensors are integrated with a wireless 2-channel potentiostat forming a compact analysis system that is ideal for use in a crowded operating theatre. Data are transmitted to a custom-written app running on a tablet for real-time visualisation of metabolic trends. In a proof-of-concept porcine model of cardiac arrest, the integrated analysis system proved reliable in a challenging environment resembling a clinical setting; noise levels were found to be comparable with those seen in the lab and were not affected by major clinical interventions such as defibrillation of the heart. Using this system, we were able, for the first time, to measure changes in brain glucose and lactate levels caused by cardiac arrest and resuscitation; the system was sensitive to clinical interventions such as infusion of adrenaline. Trends suggest that cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone does not meet the high energy demands of the brain as metabolite levels only return to their values preceding cardiac arrest upon return of spontaneous circulation.
- Published
- 2019
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