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We study the timelike geodesic congruences in the generalized Ellis-Bronnikov spacetime (4D-GEB) and in recently proposed 5D model where a 4D-GEB is embedded in a warped geometry (5D-WGEB) and conduct a comparative study. Analytical expressions of ESR variables (for 4D geometries) are found which reveal the role of the wormhole parameter. In more general 4D and 5D scenarios geodesic equation, geodesic deviation equation and Raychaudhury equations are solved numerically. The evolution of cross-sectional area of the congruences of timelike geodesics (orthogonal to the geodesic flow lines) projected on 2D-surfaces yield an interesting perspective and shows the effects of the wormhole parameter and growing/decaying warp factors. Presence of warping factor triggers rotation or accretion even in the absence of initial congruence rotation. Presence of rotation in the congruence is also found to be playing a crucial role which we discuss in detail., Comment: 19+5 preprint pages, 11 figures; references added, version accepted in EPJ Plus

Access to historical monuments' floor plans over a time period is necessary to understand the architectural evolution and history. Such knowledge bases also helps to rebuild the history by establishing connection between different event, person and facts which are once part of the buildings. Since the two-dimensional plans do not capture the entire space, 3D modeling sheds new light on the reading of these unique archives and thus opens up great perspectives for understanding the ancient states of the monument. Since the first step in the building's or monument's 3D model is the wall detection in the floor plan, we introduce in this paper the new and unique Versailles FP dataset of wall groundtruthed images of the Versailles Palace dated between 17th and 18th century. The dataset's wall masks are generated using an automatic approach based on multi directional steerable filters. The generated wall masks are then validated and corrected manually. We validate our approach of wall mask generation in state-of-the-art modern datasets. Finally we propose a U net based convolutional framework for wall detection. Our method achieves state of the art result surpassing fully connected network based approach., Comment: 16 pages, submitted to ICDAR2021 conference

Asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 homolog (ALG13) encodes a nonredundant, highly conserved, X-linked uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase required for the synthesis of lipid linked oligosaccharide precursor and proper N-linked glycosylation. De novo variants in ALG13 underlie a form of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy known as EIEE36, but given its essential role in glycosylation, it is also considered a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), ALG13-CDG. Twenty-four previously reported ALG13-CDG cases had de novo variants, but surprisingly, unlike most forms of CDG, ALG13-CDG did not show the anticipated glycosylation defects, typically detected by altered transferrin glycosylation. Structural homology modeling of two recurrent de novo variants, p.A81T and p.N107S, suggests both are likely to impact the function of ALG13. Using a corresponding ALG13-deficient yeast strain, we show that expressing yeast ALG13 with either of the highly conserved hotspot variants rescues the observed growth defect, but not its glycosylation abnormality. We present molecular and clinical data on 29 previously unreported individuals with de novo variants in ALG13. This more than doubles the number of known cases. A key finding is that a vast majority of the individuals presents with West syndrome, a feature shared with other CDG types. Among these, the initial epileptic spasms best responded to adrenocorticotropic hormone or prednisolone, while clobazam and felbamate showed promise for continued epilepsy treatment. A ketogenic diet seems to play an important role in the treatment of these individuals.

Supplemental Material, Supplemental_Tables_4,5,6_Profiles_of_seizures_ver_12-27-19_at_1039hrs for Risk Factors for Seizures and Epilepsy in Children With Congenital Heart Disease by Suman Ghosh, Joseph Philip, Nikita Patel, Jennifer Munoz-Pareja, Dalia Lopez-Colon, Mark Bleiweis and Steven Parrish Winesett in Journal of Child Neurology

Trees are the main sources of paper production, in most of the cases, as far as the intellectual usages are concerned. However, our planet is lacking in that particular natural resource due to rapid growth of population, urbanization, and increased pollution, more importantly non-judicial utilization of such kind. Indian education sectors (schools, colleges, universities) utilize a major part in consumption of papers as a classical practice for conducting examinations and other documentation activities. Our attempt in this article is to investigate and provide an optimal estimate of the number of pages actually required in answer booklet in higher education sector. Truncated Poisson distribution is found to be the best fit for the data on number of pages left blank in an answer booklet after conduction of semester end examinations. To predict the outcome based on various factors such as, lines per pages, words per line, types of examinations etc. suitable regression modeling is performed. A real data set, collected over a period of one month, is been analyzed to illustrate the methods and conclusion is accomplished in the direction of cost reduction, saving of papers, and in turn, logical uses of natural resource to protect environmental interests., Comment: 16 pages, preprint

El text es la manera més habitual d’intercanviar informació des de les edats. Amb el desenvolupament recent d’imatges de bases de dades de manuscrits manuscrits històrics, la demanda d’algorismes per fer accessibles aquestes bases de dades per a la navegació i la indexació estan augmentant. L’augment exponencial de les bases de dades d’imatges disponibles públicament i les col·leccions personals d’imatges, aquest interès també inclou l’enteniment del text sobre imatges naturals. Activar la cerca o comprendre una gran collecció de manuscrits o bases de dades d’imatges requereix un mètode ràpid i robust. Els investigadors han trobat diferents maneres de representar paraules retallades per a la comprensió i la concordança, cosa que funciona bé quan les paraules ja estan segmentades. No obstant això, no hi ha cap manera trivial d’estendre’ls per a documents no segmentats. En aquesta tesi, explorem diferents mètodes per a la recuperació i el reconeixement de text a partir d’imatges sense escena de documents i escenes. Hi ha dues formes de representació diferents a la literatura, s’utilitza una representació de longitud fixa a partir de paraules retallades i una altra amb una seqüència de característiques de longitud variable. Al llarg d’aquesta tesi, hem estudiat aquestes dues representacions per la seva idoneïtat en la lliure comprensió del text. A la primera part, ens hem centrat en la segmentació de paraules lliures amb una representació de longitud fixa. Vam ampliar l’ús d’una representació exitosa per a la recuperació gratuïta de segmentacions. En la segona part de la tesi, explorem funcions basades en seqüències i, finalment, proposem una solució unificada on el mateix marc pot generar ambdós tipus de representacions. El texto es la forma más común de compartir información desde edades. Con el reciente desarrollo de bases de datos de imágenes de manuscritos históricos manuscritos, la demanda de algoritmos para hacer accesibles estas bases de datos para la navegación y la indexación están en aumento. El aumento exponencial de las bases de datos de imágenes disponibles al público y las colecciones personales de imágenes, este interés ahora también abarca la comprensión de texto en imágenes naturales. La habilitación de la búsqueda o la comprensión de una gran colección de manuscritos o bases de datos de imágenes necesita un método rápido y sólido. Los investigadores han encontrado diferentes maneras de representar la palabra recortada para la comprensi ón y la coincidencia, que funciona bien cuando las palabras ya están segmentadas. Sin embargo, no hay una forma trivial de ampliar estos para documentos no segmentados. En esta tesis, exploramos diferentes métodos para la recuperación y el reconocimiento de texto a partir de documentos no segmentados e imégenes de escena. Existen dos formas diferentes de representación en la literatura, una usa una representaci ón de longitud fija aprendida de palabras recortadas y otra una secuencia de características de longitud variable. A lo largo de esta tesis, hemos estudiado estas dos representaciones por su idoneidad en la segmentación, la comprensión libre del texto. En la primera parte, nos centramos en la detección de palabras sin segmentación utilizando una representación de longitud fija. Extendimos el uso de una representación exitosa para la recuperación libre de segmentación. En la segunda parte de la tesis, exploramos las características basadas en secuencia y finalmente proponemos una soluci´on unificada donde el mismo marco puede generar ambos tipos de representaciones. Text is the most common way of information sharing from ages. With recent development of images databases of handwritten historic manuscripts the demand for algorithms to make these databases accessible for browsing and indexing are in rise. Exponential increase of publicly available image databases and personal collections of pictures, this interest now also embraces text understanding on natural images. Enabling search or understanding large collection of manuscripts or image databases need fast and robust method. Researchers have found different ways to represent cropped word for understanding and matching, which works well in when words are already segmented. However there is no trivial way to extend these for non-segmented documents. In this thesis we explore different methods for text retrieval and recognition from unsegmented document and scene images. Two different ways of representation exists in literature, one uses a fixed length representation learned from cropped words and another a sequence of features of variable length. Throughout this thesis, we have studied both these representation for their suitability in segmentation free understanding of text. In the first part we are focused on segmentation free word spotting using a fixed length representation. We extended the use of one successful representation for segmentation free retrieval. In the second part of the thesis, we explore sequence based features and finally propose a unified solution where same framework can generate both kind of representations.

This study focused on how and why secondary school mathematics teachers might situate real-world equity issues in their lessons. Real-world equity issues in the context of mathematics education are real-world issues which might be critically examined in the mathematics lesson and so encourage pupils to be democratic citizens who are critically literate through mathematics. The first phase of the study involved data collection through semi-structured interviews with eight teachers to learn about teachers’ mathematical beliefs. Four of the participants had mathematics degrees and the others had degrees in other disciplines. An adapted version of Ernest’s model of mathematics-related belief systems was used as card sort prompts for the interview. The second phase of the study collected data from observing the participants teach a mathematics lesson in which they situated real-world equity issues. It also gathered data on the participants’ reflections of the lesson. The data formed the basis of eight case studies. In order to identify the different ways in which real-world equity issues can be situated in the mathematics classroom, data from the lesson observations and teachers’ reflections were used to address the question: ‘How might secondary school mathematics teachers situate real-world equity issues in their lessons?’. The data was analysed by identifying the areas of the curriculum addressed in the lesson, and Skovsmose’s Milieus of Learning matrix was used as a framework to analyse the structure of the lesson. Data from interviews and teachers’ reflections were used to address the question: ‘Why might secondary school mathematics teachers situate real-world equity issues in their lessons?’. Ernest’s model of mathematics-related belief systems was used to analyse the interview data and identify what motivated teachers to situate real-world equity issues in their lessons in the way they did. As the cohort comprised of mathematics teachers with mathematics degrees and degrees from other disciplines, the study also analysed the data between participants to determine if there is a difference between teachers from diverse academic backgrounds in terms of their mathematical beliefs and practices. By drawing on the analysis, the study arrived at conclusions to provide potential ways in which teachers from diverse beliefs and academic backgrounds might be able to situate real-world equity issues in the mathematics classroom.

Within the framework of adiabatic regularization, we present a simple formalism to calculate number density and renormalized energy-momentum density of spin 1/2 particles in spatially flat FLRW spacetimes using an appropriate WKB ansatz for the adiabatic expansion for the field modes. The conformal and axial anomalies thus found are in exact agreement with those obtained from other renormalization methods. This formalism can be considered as an appropriate extension of the techniques originally introduced for scalar fields, applicable to fermions in curved space., Comment: 7 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D