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3. Lamourouxia brachyantha Greenman. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 248. 1906[1905]. Type:— MEXICO. State of Mexico: Rocky hills, Lecheria, Valley of Mexico, 2285 m, 1 July 1904, C.G. Pringle 8815 (Holotype: GH00078567!; isotypes: BM000953403!, C10018960!, CAS0003141!, CM214042!, E00394554!, E00394555!, E00394556!, F V0072502F!, F V0072503F!, G00356762!, G00356763!, G00356764!, GOET011025!, HBG511946!, JE00019795, K000533715!, MEXU00527654!, MEXU00031629!, MIN1359267!, MO-525344!, NY00090601!, P02976334!, PH00016825!, S-G-3535!, US 01108432!, US00125694!, VT UVMVT026726!) Figure 5 A–C. Herbs 50–100 cm tall, stems solitary or rarely branched at base, erect, herbaceous, glandular-pubescent. Leaves sessile, ovate, 18–35 × 8–18 mm, margin dentate, 9–22 teeth per side, teeth 1–2 mm long; apex acute, base rarely, truncate to cordate or slightly auriculate; coriaceous, glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–4 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, ovate, 7.7–11 × 4.3–9.3 mm, margin dentate, 7–8 teeth per side, teeth up to 2.5 mm long, apex acute, base truncate to cordate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5–12.3 × 5–7 mm, lobes triangular to ovate, 3–6 × 4–5 mm, margin dentate, 3–4 teeth per side, teeth up to 3 mm long, apex acute, glandular-pubescent. Corolla funnelform remarkably galeate, 15–22 × 8–11 mm, upper lip 5–9 mm long, lower lip 8.4–9.5 × 4.5–6.3 mm, lobes 3–5.8 × 1.8–3 mm; whitish or pink to purple, glandular-pubescent. Stamens included 4, filaments ca. 18 mm long, anthers ca. 1.8 mm long. Style 11–21 mm long. Stigma capitate, 1–1.5 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 8.7–12 × 8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The specific epithet means short or little flower. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia brachyantha is distributed in the central and western states of Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Jalisco, and Querétaro (Fig. 5C). The species is found in grassy slopes, grasslands, xerophytic scrubs (Prosopis Linnaeus (1767: 282, 293) and Acacia Miller (1754: s.n.), chaparral (Quamoclit Miller (1754: s.n.), Bacopa Aublet (1775: 128–130), and Milla biflora Cavanilles (1793: 76), and rarely in scrubs (Yucca Linnaeus (1753: 319) at elevations of 2050 to 2680 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from May to October. Frequently collected from July to September. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Ciudad de México: Gustavo A. Madero, La Armella, a 3230 m en LR en dirección SO de Picacho El Fraile, 2680 m, 14 September 2005, Espinosa et al. 196 (MEXU!); Cerro Chiluca, Sierra de Guadalupe, cerca de Ayucan, August 1952, Paray 146 (ENCB!); Cerro Cuautepec, Sierra de Guadalupe, 15 July 1951, Matuda 21218 (MEXU!); Sierra de Guadalupe, 2600 m, 12 September 1997, E. Martínez & J. Martínez 28523 (MEXU!), 30 September 1950, Matuda & Paray 21346 (MEXU!), 11August 1940, Miranda 586 (MEXU!), September 1953, Paray 1173 (ENCB!). Estado de México: Atizapán de Zaragoza, 5 km al N, 12 September 1965, Rzedowski 20915 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Huehuetoca, Cerro Sincoque, 2400 m, 17 October 1976, Acosta 44 (IBUG!); 6 Km al N de Tepotzotlán, 2300 m, 12 October 1980, Alva 54 (ENCB!); Cerros al N de Huehuetoca, 2300–2470 m, 12 August 1951, Gold & Kherborle 21768 (MEXU!). Ixtapaluca, ladera SW del Cerro del Pino, 03 October 1976, Vega 103 (ENCB!). Polotitlán, along Highway 57 ca. 70 miles NW of Mexico City, ca. 4 miles S of Encinillas, 2400 m, 25 August 1977, Croat 44070 (MEXU!). Temascalcingo, Ladera SE Cerro La Manga, 2400 m, 16 August 1980, Romero-Rojas 218 (ENCB!). Tenancingo de Degollado, Cercanía de Tenancingo, 23 August 1953, Matuda et al. 28973 (MEXU!). Tlalnepantla de Baz, Rancho “El Copal”, cerca de San Juan Ixhuatepec, 2350 m, 10 August 1970, Rzedowski 27445 (ENCB!). Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo, Lechería, 01 July 1904, Pringle 8815 (BM!, C!, CAS!, CM!, E!, F!, G!, GH!, GOET!, HBG!, J!, K!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!, PH!, S!, US!, VT!). Autopista México-Querétaro, 1 km antes de la salida a San Francisco y San Agustín, lado norte, 2412 m, 03 August 2001, Vibrans 7476 (MEXU!); Lomas de Atizapán y Chiluca, 2300 m, 07 September 1980, A. Ventura 3661 (MEXU!, XAL!); Sierra de Alcaparrosa, cerca de la estación de microondas, 2700 m, 21 September 1973, Rzedowski 31235 (ENCB!). Hidalgo: Tula de Allende, Cañón de las Ajuntas, Santa María Macuá, 2150 m, 10 July 2003, Romero & Rivera-Hernández 188 (MEXU!). Jalisco: Zapopan, Las Agujas, 07 May 1981, Mora-Gómez s.n. (IBUG!). Querétaro: Amealco de Bonfil, km 6.5 de la carretera a Huimilpan, 2050 m, 11 August 1990, Serrano 51 (MEXU!); Huimilpan, km 8 Huimilpan, Qro. y Los Cues, Méx., 2250 m, 20 July 1986, Argüelles 2582 (MEXU!); Área Natural Protegida El Tángano, 2175 m, 21 July 2004, Balderas 657 (MEXU!). San Juan del Río, 2 km al N de Cazadero, 2250 m, 26 August 1989, Rzedowski 48760 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MO, XAL!). San Miguel de Allende, camino a San Miguel de Allende, 2000 m, 20 July 1975, Argüelles 173 (MEXU!), km 8–9 aprox, no date, Argüelles 1426 (ENCB!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae. Vol. 2. Ed. 12. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 736 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 68927","Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary: fourth edition. John & James Rivington, London, 1582 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 79061","Aublet, F. (1775) Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Franc ¸ oise. Vol 1. P. F. Didot, London, 621 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 674","Cavanilles, A. J. (1793) Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum. Vol. 2. Ex Regia Typographia, Matriti [Madrid], 200 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669"]}

21. Lamourouxia smithii Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3 50: 172. 1895. Type:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Mountains of Jayacatlan, 5000 ft., 13 August 1894, L.C. Smith 155 (Holotype: GH00078584!) Figure 14 A–C. Herbs up to 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, hirsute, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, ovate to triangular, 50–72 × 29–38 mm, margin dentate to serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, 12–17 teeth per side, teeth 2–6 mm long; apex acute, base cordate; apparently papyraceous, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2.9–5.4 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, ovate to oblong, 13–25 × 7.7–10.6 mm, margin serrate, 8–11 teeth each side, apex acute, base cordate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 9.3–12.5 × 4.1–6 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate or slightly subulate, 3.3–5.8 × 1.9–2.7 mm, margin entire, apex acute, pubescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 39–54 × 6.9–8.6 mm, upper lip 18–24 × 64– 7.4 mm, lower lip 14–19 × 2–2.6 mm, lobes 0.9–1.4 × 0.9–1.3 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair ca. 40 mm long, anthers 3.6 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 44–52 mm, stigma bilobed, 1 mm long. Fruits and seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name honors L.C. Smith, collector of the type specimen. Distribution and Ecology: —The species is endemic from the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico (Fig. 14C). The species can be found in pine and oak forests, pine forests, and rarely in tropical deciduous forests, and xerophytic scrubs (Pseudosmodingium Engler (1881: 381), Bursera, Esenbeckia Kunth in Humboldt et al. (1825: 246–248) at elevations from 1240 to 1960 m. Phenology: —Flowering extends from June to January. Representative specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Leonardo Bravo, 4 km al NE de El Naranjo, rumbo a Chichihualco, 1240 m, 30 October 1997, González 1762 (MEXU!). Malinaltepec, 1700 m, 15 January 1992, Wagenbreth 801 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: Ixtlán de Juárez, Sureste del río Natividad, cerca del puente de piedra, 1850 m, 14 August 2002, Figueroa & Guzmán 86 (MEXU!); Cerro El Campanario, a 3.6 km en LR (263º) de Kacaltianguis, 1929 m, 20 December 2009, Velasco & Juárez 4391 (MEXU!). San Bartolomé Quialana, Parte baja del cerro Yuubidan, a 0.5 km al lado E del paraje La Toma, 1961 m, 20 July 2013, Aragón-Parada 366 (MEXU!). San Lorenzo Albarradas, 6.2 km al NE de Mitla, carr. a Totontepec, 1690 m, 01 August 1983, Torres-Colín & Hernández 3390 (MEXU!). San Pedro y San Pablo Ayutla, 4.7 km al NE de San Bartolo Albarradas camino a Totontepec, 1600 m, 07 August 1985, TorresColín et al. 7022 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Cuixtla, 5 km al SW de Miahuatlán, cerca de Cuixtla, 1900 m, 13 June 1985, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 6804 (MEXU!). Valerio Trujano, Tomellin Canyon, 17 July 1897, Pringle 6705 (MEXU!, US!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Engler, A. (1881) Uber die morphologischen Verhaltnisse und die geographische Verbreitung der Gattung Rhus, wie der mit ihr verwandten, lebenden und ausgestorbenen Anacardiaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 1: 365 - 426.","Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, K. S. (1825) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.). Vol. 7. Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Antverpiae, 479 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 640"]}

24. Lamourouxia viscosa Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 338. 1817[1818]. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 49):— MEXICO, crescit in litore Mexicano Oceani Pacifi prope Acapulco, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (Lectotype: P00670478!) = Lamourouxia cordata Schlechtendal & Chamisso. Linnaea 5: 103. 1830. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, inter Tenestepeque et Quantotalapa, September 1828, C.J.W. Schiede & F. Deppe 161 [547] (Lectotype: HAL0098537!). = Lamourouxia viejensis Oersted in Bentham & Oersted. Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1853(1–2): 28. 1854. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 49):— NICARAGUA, Med Blomst i Novmber paa Vulkanen Viejo i Nicaragua, A.S. Oersted 9401 (Lectotype: C10018963!; isolectotype: MO-1499903!). = Lamourouxia coccinea Gray.Proc.Amer.Acad.Arts 21:404.1886. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Chihuahua:rocky hills near the city of Chihuahua, C.G. Pringle 656 (Lectotype: GH00078568!; isolectotypes:AC00320441!, BM000953400!, BR0000008427984!, CAS0003142!, CINC-V-0008751!, CORD00004410!, CORD00004411!, F0072504F!, F0072505F!, G00356747!, GOET011026!, JE00019794!, K000533711!, NY00090602!, NY00090603!, PH00016827!, PH 00016828!, RSA0006026!, US 00125695!, US01080409!). = Galvezia sessilis Jones. Contr. W. Bot. 18: 51. 1933. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Jalisco: La Barranca, Guadalajara, M.E. Jones 27410 (Lectotype: NY 04112026!; isolectotypes: BM000953399!, GH00078419!). Figure 15. Herbs 80–200 cm tall, frequently solitary or branched at base, sometimes branched along the plant, erect, lignified at base, glandular-pubescent. Leaves sessile, broadly ovate to triangular, rarely orbicular, 17–110 × 7.5–40 mm, margin dentate to serrate, 5–21 teeth per side, teeth 0.5–4.5 mm long; apex obtuse to acute, base rounded to prominently auriculate; strongly coriaceous, glandular-tomentose. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–7 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, ovate to lanceolate, 6–18 × 3–13 mm, margin entire to dentate, up to 16 teeth per side, teeth ca. 1 mm long, apex obtuse or acute, base rounded to auriculate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 10–15 × 4.5–5.5 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate, 3–5.5 × 3 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glandularpubescent. Corolla tubular, 35–55 × 3–7 mm, upper lip 11–20 × 10 mm, lower lip 13–17 × 5 mm, lobes 2 mm long; pink to red, glandular-pubescent. Style 43–49 mm long, anthers ca. 3.5 mm long. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 30–38 mm long, anthers 3.5 mm long, filaments of upper pair 27–28 mm long, anthers absent. Style 43–50 mm long, stigma bilobed, 0.5 mm long. Capsule globose, 9–14 × 5–7 mm. Seeds 1–1.4 mm long, rectangular to rhomboid, with reticulate coat. Etymology: —The epithet refers to the sticky excretion of the plant. It can be appreciated during the process of drying by the presence of yellow marks on the paper. Common name: —Chupamiel, Chiltotl (Puebla), Guizh-dzòng (Zapoteco language, Oaxaca), Tzotzotz chenek’ (Tzeltal language, Chiapas). Uses: —Medicinal: in skin wounds, the roasted leaves are placed four times a day for three days (Santíz-Cruz 264, MEXU). Distribution and Ecology: —This is the most widely distributed species of the genus. It spreads from northern Mexico, crossing all the countries of Central America. In Mexico, Lamourouxia viscosa is distributed in the states of Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Zacatecas (Fig. 15H). The species was photographed in the state of Tlaxcala by J. Carlos López-Domínguez (www.naturalista.mx/observations/2172833), but no specimens were found in the revised herbaria. The species is common on roads and cleared areas of tropical semideciduous forests (Cordia elaeagnoides Candolle (1845: 474), deciduous forests (Bursera), scrubs (Yucca, Brahea dulcis, Juniperus flaccida, Bursera galeottiana), oak forests (Q. magnoliifolia, Q. pinceana), pine and oak forests Pinus pseudostrobus with Quercus acutifolia; P. oocarpa with Q. salicifolia Née (1801: 265); P. oocarpa with Q. peduncularis Née (1801: 270), and rarely on cloud forest (Liquidambar styracyflua Linnaeus (1753: 999) or crops, at elevations from 200 to 2400 m. Ernst (1972) included in his work the unpublished observations of D.E. Breedlove of the hummingbird species Amazilia beryllina, Hylocaris leucotis and Selasphorus rufus visiting L. viscosa. Only one herbarium specimen mentions the breeding of hummingbirds from the flowers of Lamourouxia viscosa (Hunn OAX242, MEXU). The species can be found in wide variety of colors, from whitish or pinkish to red or purple. Nomenclatural notes: —The specimen Schiede & Deppe 161 in W was cited by Ernst (1972) as the type of L. cordata. For this study, the specimen was searched in the online database of W herbarium with no specimen in this collection, but it was found another specimen in HAL, designated here as lectotype. Lamourouxia coccinea was published by Gray (1886) citing the collection Pringle 656 with no herbaria data. Later, Ernst (1972) cited eight duplicates in separate herbaria, no typifying and selecting a lectotype. However, the specimen stored in GH was labeled as “presumed holotype ” but because it was not effectively published it did not achieve a designation of type. Following the intention of Ernst (1972) to define an holotype, the GH specimen designed by him, is effectively published here (Art. 7.11, Turland et al. 2018). In the case of Galvezia sessilis the availability of the NY specimen in the public database of the same herbarium is the reason for selecting it as a lectotype. Phenology: —The flowering and fruiting season is throughout the year. Peak of collected specimens spreads from September to January (270 of 325 collections). Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Amatenango del Valle, km 5.3 de la carr. El Carmen-Villa Las Rosas, cerro Catomhuitz, 1915 m, 13 November 1995, Mejía & Luna 950 (MEXU, XAL). Arriaga, a 6.6 km al N de Arriaga camino a Tierra y Libertad, 12 July 2004, Martínez & Aguilar 37023 (MEXU!, MO). Berriozábal, 6–8 km north of Berriozabal along road to Pozo Turipache and Finca El Suspiro, 24 July 1972, Breedlove 26359 (ENCB!, MO); sitio de construcción de la subestación, 01 December 2000, Palestina 2312 (XAL!). Chalchihuitán, 2.7 km al nororiente de la cabecera, camino a Canech, 1630 m, 21 November 1995, Mejía & Luna 975 (ENCB!). Chiapa de Corzo, Mexican highway 190 in the Zinacantán parade of Muktajok, 26 September 1972, Breedlove 27994 (ENCB!); en la barranca El Chorreadero, 25 km al E de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, sobre la carretera a San Cristóbal de las Casas, 06 October 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5906 (MEXU!). Cintalapa, Las Torres-Las Minas, 887 m, 01 April 2002, Meléndez 144 (MEXU!); torre de microondas, cerca de la fábrica La Providencia, 790 m, 15 October 2003, Reyes et al. 6051 (MEXU!); Ejido Niños Héroes, 880 m, 10 July 2004, Reyes et al. 7026 (MEXU!). Comitán de Domínguez, a los lados de la carretera, alrededores de Comitán, 10 December 1980, Ramamoorthy et al. 1424 (MEXU!); hills 3 mi NW of Comitan, 10 August 1962, Webster et al. 12911 (MEXU!, MO). Frontera Comalapa, 6–8 km east of Frontera Comalapa along road to Ciudad Cuauthemoc, 23 October 1974, Breedlove 39036 (MEXU!). Ixtapa, Ejido Atztlán, km 39 carretera Tuxtla Gutiérrez a San Cristóbal, 1100 m, 28 February 1985, Castillo-Campos & Acevedo 4232 (XAL!). Jiquipilas, a 4 km SW del poblado Tierra y Libertad, carr. Tierra y Libertad-Arriaga, 675 m, 10 October 2003, FloresFranco et al. 5048 (MEXU!). Larráinzar, paraje Shulumbo, 15 November 1994, Chamé & Luna 638 (MEXU!). La Trinitaria, along Mexican highway 190, 3 miles south of La Trinitaria, 15 August 1965, Breedlove 11770 (ENCB!). Ocosingo, Laguna Ocotal, senda por Antonio Escobar, 10 February 1986, Calzada 12066 (MEXU!); Laguna Ocotal Grande, reserva Montes Azules, 07 December 1987, Martínez 21868 (MEXU!). Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Camino de Bajada del Macho, para el rancho La Cruz, Reserva del Ocote, 500 m, 08 May 1983, Calzada et al. 10090 (XAL!); 6.5 km al N de Ocozocoautla, Mesa de Ocozocoautla, 25 June 1991, González-Villareal et al. 3833 (IBUG!); La Roblada, 07 June 1972, MacDougall H493 (ENCB!). Oxchuc, carretera de San Cristóbal a Ocosingo, 32 km al SW de Ocosingo, 02 December 1973, Koch et al. 73126 (ENCB!). San Cristóbal de las Casas, 3 km al S del Barrio de María Auxiliadora, rumbo a Rancho Nuevo, 2300 m, 15 August 1991, González et al. 1531 (XAL!); Cerro San Cristóbal, 05 July 1946, Laughlin 1005 (ENCB!, US!); Col. Kaltic, 1 km al norte de ECOSUR, 2120 m, 27 July 1995, Mejía & Luna 581 (ENCB!, XAL!); Cerro de Santa Cruz al E de San Cristóbal, 10 September 1984, Méndez 7905 (MEXU!, MO); Arroyo del Rancho Pellizi, al E de San Cristóbal, 15 July 1985, Méndez 8435 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!); Los Sumideros, 8 km al SW de San Cristóbal, 29 September 1994, Ramírez et al. 535 (ENCB!, MEXU!). San Juan Cancuc, Tzajal Ok’och, 6 km del pueblo de Cancuc, 25 November 1987, Sántiz 264 (MEXU!). San Juan Chamula, Chiotik, 19 September 1988, Sántiz 1056 (ENCB!). Soyaló, 5 km north of Soyaló along road to Bochil, 26 October 1971, Breedlove & Thorne 21299 (MEXU!, MO). Tenejapa, Barrio of Chana’, paraje of Kulak’tik, 24 November 1964, Breedlove 7530 (ENCB!, US!); Barrio de San Antonio, paraje of Mahben Chauk, 28 November 1964, Breedlove 7750 (ENCB!). Teopisca, a 2 km antes de la comunidad Nuevo León, 16 November 1994, Chamé & Luna 677 (ENCB!, MEXU!); a 1 km al SE de Belén, o a 24 km al SE de San Cristóbal, 15 November 1984, Téllez et al. 7923 (MO, XAL!). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 11 miles by road from El Sumidero on road to Tuxtla Gutierrez, 24 January 1970, W.R. Anderson & C. Anderson 5554 (ENCB!); 18 km al N de Tuxtla Gutiérrez sobre el camino al parque natural El Sumidero, 03 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5973 (MEXU!, MO); 31 km al O de Tuxtla Gutiérrez y a 13 km al NE de Chiapa de Corzo, 1050 m, 11 October 1989, Soto 13344 (MEXU!). Unión Juárez, Volcán Tacaná, 17–23 March 1939, Matuda 2757 (MEXU!); Talquián, 1670 m, 07 October 1985, E. Ventura & López 2536 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); Talquián 8 km al noreste, 25 November 1986, E. Ventura & López 4168 (XAL!); El Talquián Nuevo, 1600 m, 23 January 1992, E. Ventura & López 10100 (XAL!). Villaflores, cercanías del Rancho Alejandra, 750 m, 21 October 2002, AlvaradoCárdenas & Reyes 666 (MEXU!, MO). Yajalón, Arroyo del banco del Crava, 700 m, 25 August 1983, Méndez 6517 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!). Zinacantán, Campamento Ibigel, camino Tuxtla-San Cristóbal de las Casas, 2100 m, 14 December 1987, Martínez et al. 22059 (MEXU!); Las Granadillas, a mitad de la carretera San Cristóbal de las Casas a Tuxtla, 20 November 1985, Méndez 8605 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Chihuahua: Batopilas, near the crest of the Barranca de Batopilas south of Quirire, 10 October 1973, Bye 5385 (MEXU!); Barranca de La Bufa 141 km al SW del entronque con la carr. Guachochi-Creel, Torres & Tenorio 3743 (MEXU!, MO). Guachochi, Napuchi, near Quirire, on road from Creel to La Bufa, 07 October 1975, Bye 6946 (ASU!). Hidalgo del Parral, north-facing slope of mountain, Minas Nuevas [Villas Escobedo], about 8 mi, NW of Parral, 02 October 1959, Correll & Gentry 22729 (ENCB!, MO). Madera, Sierra Madre near Chuichupa, 13 September 1899, Townsend & Barber 417 (MEXU!, US!). Moris, 29 October 1985, Tenorio et al. 10063 (MEXU!). Ocampo, at the top and along the E side of Cascada de Baseseachi, 13 October 1980, Bye 9845 (MEXU!); Cascada de Basaseachic, 04 October 1982, Tenorio & Romero 1953 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Santa Isabel, 0.4 mile south of Mexico highway 16, along a dirt road to Lago de Jacales, about 4.5 miles east of Gran Morelos, 10 September 1972, Reveal & Hess 3001 (MEXU!, MO). Temósachi, Nabogame, 29 August 1987, Laferriére 1013 (MEXU!). Durango: Canelas, 20 km al S de Canelas, 10 January 1986, Vizcarra 191 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!). Mezquital, 14 km del Mezquital, rumbo a Temoaya, 1970 m, 22 October 1984, Herrera 488 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!). Topia, Sianori, 800 m, no date, González-Ortega 5345 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!, US!). Pueblo Nuevo, carretera Dgo.-Mazatlán km 195, 2150 m, 05 January 1980, Vega 733 (IBUG!). Estado de México: Coatepec Harinas, carretera San Luis, 30 October 2011, Dorantes et al. 345 (MEXU!). Ixtapan de la Sal, November 1950, Paray 175 (ENCB!); along Mexico Highway 55 at La Calderon [Puente Calderón], 6 miles north of Ixtapan de la Sal, on steep slopes above the river, 14 October 1975, Reveal & Harley 4161 (MEXU!, US!). Malinalco, cañada San Miguel, paraje El Rincón de San Miguel, barrio Santa Mónica, 1880 m, 11 December 2013, López 207 (MEXU!). Sultepec, Tepechuca [Pepechuca], cerca de Sultepec, 31 December 1962, Paray 3371 (ENCB!). Tejupilco, 1300 m, 28 December 1932, Matuda 27863 (MEXU!); Ocotepec, 1650 m, 10 December 1967, Rzedowski 25288 (ENCB!). Temascaltepec, Rincón del Carmen, 1340 m, 23 November 1932, Hinton 2696 (MEXU!, US!). Valle de Bravo, Cerrito de Peña, 1850 m, 01 February 1953, Matuda 28048 (MEXU!). Guanajuato: San Luis de la Paz, El Bernalejo, por Mesas de Jesús, 1500 m, 15 November 1991, E. Ventura & López 9809 (MEXU!, XAL!). San Miguel Allende, 16 km SO, Cañada de la Virgen, 08 August 1978, Kishler 310 (MEXU!). Xichú, más menos 5 km de El Huizache, por la brecha a Atarjea, 2300 m, 05 October 1995, Pérez-Cálix 3201 (MEXU!, XAL!); La Sábila, 1700 m, 30 September 1987, Santillán 362 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Cerro de Llano Grande, 12 km al NE de Xichú, 2000 m, 03 November 1988, E. Ventura & López 6258 (XAL, ENCB!). Guerrero: Ahuacuotzingo, Ajuatetla, reserva campesina, 19 November 1996, Hernández 86 (MEXU!). Atlixtac, 31 km al E de Chilapa, 06 November 1983, Tenorio et al. 4885 (MEXU!). Atoyac de Álvarez, 9 km al NE de Atomic, en Las Parotas, camino Atoyac-Paraíso-Puerto del Gallo, 28 March 1983, Martínez & Soto 3734 (ENCB!). Canuto A. Neri, Acapetlahuaya, Plan de Ayala, km 90 carr. Iguala-Ciudad Altamirano, 10 February 1983, Tenorio et al. 3256 (MEXU!). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, camino a El Tejocote, 9 km al O del entronque con carr. Chilpancingo-Acapulco (17 km al S de Chilpancingo), 15 November 1983, Koch & Fryxell 83270 (ENCB!); falda este de Cerro Alquitrán, 07 October 1968, Kruse 2042 (MEXU!); al N en el km 6 de la carretera a Chichihualco, 01 November 1968, Kruse 2170 (MEXU!); a 12 km al NW de Chilpancingo, sobre la carr. que va a Chichihualco, 19 October 1977, Ladd et al. 155 (MEXU!); 3 km al S de Amojileca, 03 December 1966, Rzedowski 23553 (ENCB!); 1 km al S de El Miraval, September 2000, Maldonado 620 (ENCB!); 21 km al NW, brecha Chilpancingo-Omiltemi-Las Joyas, 1750 m, 11 November 1982, Tenorio & Romero 2563 (MEXU!, US!, XAL!); Cerro del Naranjo, 18 October 2005, Victoriano 3044 (MEXU!). Coahuayutla de Guerrero, El Aguacate, 2.72 km al N, 13 February 1999, Soto 13574 (MEXU!). Eduardo Neri, Cerro El Ocotal, 1.4 km al SE de Amatitlán, 1740 m, 11 August 1994, Monroy 401 (MEXU!), a 3 km al SW de Xochilapa, carr. a Filo de Caballo, 17 October 1983, Soto & Martínez 5590 (ENCB!). General Heliodoro Castillo, 12.3 km al S de Huautla, 06 December 1998, Soto 12300 (MEXU!); 9.91 km al N de Verde Rico, 08 December 1998, Soto 12561 (MEXU!). Huitzuco de los Figueroa, 2.5 km al NO de San Francisco Ozomatlán, 1130 m, 19 September 1989, Vargas 95 (MEXU!). Leonardo Bravo, 2 km al SO de El Miraval, 07 December 1997, Soto 6532 (MEXU!). Metlatónoc, 7 km al N, 15 November 1982, Tenorio 2693 (MEXU!). Petatlán, En La Florida, 4 km al SO de El Porvenir, 850 m, 06 February 1986, Soto 12298 (MEXU!). Tlapa de Comonfort, 64 km al S de Tlapa, camino a Igualita, 19 August 1990, Calzada & Toledo 16222 (MEXU!). Teloloapan, above Los Ranchos (Rancho Viejo), 15 miles west of Teloloapan, 17 December 1963, Porter 1353 (MEXU!); km 54 junto a Teloloapan, 23 February 1978, Sánchez et al. 2930 (MEXU!). Pilcaya, ca. 15 mi SE of Tonatico, 03 November 1970, Webster & Breckon 16186 (MEXU!, US!). Xalpatláhuac, 1.2 km al N de Zacatipa, 1700 m, 26 October 1990, Toledo & Landa 506 (ENCB!). Xochihuehuetlán, Cañada Las Pozas, 2.5 km al NO de Jilotepec, Cerro Xilotzin, 1360 m, 06 November 1993, Moreno et al 710 (MEXU!). Zitlala, Topiltepec, reserva campesina, 1200 m, 25 August 1997, Cuaxinque 170 (MEXU!), 09 July 1997, Miranda 232 (MEXU!). 2 km E of Rancho Nuevo, 6 km W of El Pochote, 23 November 1971, Iltis & Cochrane 58 (ENCB!); along the road between Atoyac and San Andrés de la Cruz, 01 February 1983, Miller & Tenorio 580 (ENCB!; MEXU!). Hidalgo: Xochicoatlán, 1250 m, 21 September 1968, Puig 3014 (ENCB!). Jalisco: Ahualulco de Mercado, 13 km al SE, 500 m al S de El Carmen en el Cerrito de los Coyotes, Sandoval s.n. (IBUG!). Amatitán, camino al predio Ravelero, cerca del camino a Los Encinos, 26 November 2020, Ortiz-Brunel 1031 (IBUG!). Ameca, 47 km al W de Ameca, 1600 m, 03 October 1982, Hernández-Magaña et al. 9046 (MEXU!). Atenguillo, carretera Ameca-Mascota, pasando Atenguillo, 01 November 2020, Ortiz-Brunel & Ruiz-Sánchez 1023 (IBUG!). Atotonilco El Alto, rancho Sta. Elena, a 8 km al sur de Atotonilco El Alto, 1800 m, 04 October 1982, Curiel 16 (IBUG!). Autlán de Navarro, Los Mazos, 17 February 1978, R. Hernández s.n. (IBUG!); 2 km S of El Chante, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","De Candolle, A. (1845) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol. 9. Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz, Paris, 573 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Nee, D. L. (1801) Descripcion de varias especies nuevas de Encina (Quercus de Linneo). Anales de Ciencias Naturales 3: 260 - 278.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Gray, A. (1886) Contributions to American Botany. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 21: 363 - 413.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

12. Lamourouxia microphylla Martens & Galeotti. Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 31. 1845. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca, bois de l’O d’Oaxaca, 1840, H. Galeotti 1005 (Lectotype: K000533709!; isolectotypes: BR0000005423378!, BR0000005423705!, G00356756!, K000533710!, P02976340!, P02976341!) = Lamourouxia parvifolia Bentham. Prodr. 10: 542. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca, bois de l’O d’Oaxaca, 1840, H. Galeotti 1005 (Lectotype: K000533709!; isolectotypes: BR0000005423378!, BR0000005423705!, G00356756!, K000533710!, P02976340!, P02976341!). Figure 9 F–H. Herbs up to 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles up to 1 mm long, linear to oblanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm, minutely crenate, 1–6 teeth each side, teeth up to 1 mm long; apex obtuse to rounded, base attenuate; apparently membranous, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–5.7 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2.1–5.8 × 0.6–1 mm, sometimes with one lobe per side, up to 1 mm long, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, four-lobed, lobes very reduced, triangular, 1–3 × 1 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, glabrous. Corolla tubular, 35–41 × 5–6 mm, bilabiate, upper lip 15–18 × 4–5 mm, lower lip 10–16.1 × 2.3–7 mm, apex three-lobed, lobes 1.6–2.4 × 0.9 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments not seen, anthers 3 mm long. Style 29.3–29.7 mm long, stigma 1 mm long. Fruit a capsule, spheric, 5–6 mm diameter, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to its small leaves. Distribution and habitat: —This is an endemic species from Mexico. It is distributed in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Fig. 9H). The species is present in pine forests and pine and oaks forests. The elevation recorded for this species is 1830–2290 m. Nomenclatural notes: —The original description of Lamourouxia microphylla (Martens & Galeotti 1845) cited the collections Galeotti 1005 with no herbarium location. Ernst (1972) cited five specimens, one in G, two in BR and K. Here, the specimen K000533709 with a branched stem, numerous small leaves, and open flowers has the best representation of the diagnostic features of the species. Other specimens have a few flowers and leaves. Phenology: —The flowering and fruiting season of Lamourouxia microphylla is from August to November. The flowers were mainly collected in October. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Chilapa, 24 km al E de Chilapa, 06 November 1983, Tenorio & Ramamoorthy 4868 (MEXU!). Leonardo Bravo, Carrizal de Bravo, 6 km después, camino a Chichihualco, 2200 m, 24 August 1997, Cruz-Durán 1484 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: San Jerónimo Coatlán, Campamento San Mateo, 14 km al oeste de san Jerónimo, Hernández-Magaña et al. 5146 (MEXU!, MO). San Pablo Cuatro Venados, 15 km northwest of Zaachila on road to San Miguel Peras, 11 November 1983, Breedlove & Almeda 60114 (ENCB!, IBUG!). Zimatlán, Paraje Tierra Blanca, 8 km al SE de La Cofradía, comunidad de San Pedro El Alto, 2360 m, 27 October 1998, Miranda & Hernández 522 (MEXU!); base of Sierra de Clavellinas, 19 October 1894, Pringle 6000 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO, P!, US!).

14. Lamourouxia nelsonii Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3, 50: 174. 1895. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 49):— MEXICO. Oaxaca, 6 miles above Dominguillo, 4500–5000 ft., 30 October 1894, E.W. Nelson 1833 (Lectotype: US566389!; isolectotype: GH00078582!) Figure 10 D–H. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 160 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, sometimes reclining, woody, glandularpubescent. Leaves sessile, narrowly ovate to linear-lanceolate, 20–75 × 6–15 mm, margin dentate to serrate rarely crenate, 5–14 teeth by side, teeth up to 3 mm long, apex acute, base attenuate to cuneate; membranous, glandularpubescent. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 1.5–9 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, broadly ovate to linear-lanceolate, 8–39 × 6–15 mm, margin dentate, 4–10 teeth per side, teeth 0.4–0.9 mm long, apex acute, base cuneate to rounded. Calyx tubular without dots on the surface, 8–18 × 4–7 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly lanceolate, 6.3–8.2 × 2.1–2.5 mm, margin entire, very rarely lacerate, apex acute, glandular-pubescent. Corolla tubular, 42–63 × 5–9 mm, upper lip 12–23 × 4.2–6.4 mm, lower lip 16–19 × 2.6–4.2 mm, lobes 2–4 mm; salmon or orange to bright red, glandular-pubescent. Stamens exserted 2, up to 42 mm long, filaments of lower pair 10–46 mm long, anthers and filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 50–65 mm, stigma bilobed, 1.2 × 0.6–0.9 mm. Capsule ovoid, 7–17 × 5–8 mm. Seeds ca. 1 mm long, with reticulate coat. Etymology: —The name honors E.W. Nelson, collector of the type specimen. Common name: —Flor de lumbre. Distribution and habitat: —This species is endemic to Mexico. It is distributed in the states of Guerrero, México, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Querétaro (Fig. 10H). The species was found at elevation from 868 to 2990 m in xerophytic scrubs (Agave angustiarum Trelease in Standley (1920: 139), Opuntia Miller (1754: s.n.), Myrtillocactus Console (1897: 8), Rhus Linnaeus (1753: 265), Schinus molle Linnaeus (1753: 388–389), Yucca periculosa, Beaucarnea Lemaire (1861: 57, 59), Dasylirion Zuccarini (1838: 258), Bursera galeottiana Engler (1880: 43–44), tropical deciduous forests, oak forests (Q. castanea, Q. laeta Liebmann in Forchhamer (1854: 179 [–180]), and rarely in pine and oak forests and cloud forests. Phenology: —Specimens with flowers and fruits were collected throughout the year except for February, October, and December. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Ciudad de México: Autopista México-Cuernavaca, km 53, 2050 m, 12 July 1959, Espinosa 147 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Estado de México: Ixtapaluca, ca. 5 mi W of Río Frío, 05 July 1982, Spooner & Triplehorn 2102 (MEXU!). Guerrero: Teloloapan, Xalostoc, 30 km al NW de Iguala, 1420 m, 25 August 1982, Tenorio et al. 1507 (MEXU!). Tlapa de Comonfort, en el puente El Salado, a 8 km al N de Tlapa, 990 m, 25 August 1982, Martínez et al. 2692 (MEXU!, US!). Morelos: Cuernavaca, lava beds near Cuernavaca, 26 June 1896, Pringle 6331 (MEXU!, MO, US!). Tlayacapan, Ca. Tlayacapan, sobre la carretera hasta Oaxtepec, ca. 1.5 km del cruce con la carretera Totolapan-Yautepec, 1660 m, 20 June 1980, Lott 244 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Oaxaca: Huajuapan de León, Route 15, at km 376, ca. 13.5 km northwest of Tamazulapan, 2260 m, 21 July 1966, Cruden 1095 (MEXU!); 4 km al NW sobre la carretera de Huajuapan de León, 2100 m, 30 May 1973, Rzedowski 30702 (MEXU!); 7 km NW of Huajuapan de Leon on hwy 190, 20 July 1993, Seigler et al. DS13979 (MEXU!); 10 km al N de Huajuapan de León o 2 km al N de Luz Nagore carr. Huajuapan-Tehuacán, 1170 m, 17 July 1982, Torres-Colín 780 (MEXU!); La Reforma entre Huajuapan de León y Tamazulapan, 06 June 1985, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 6654 (MEXU!, MO). San Jerónimo Sosola, 1500 m, 24 July 1993, Salinas & Flores 7329 (MEXU!). San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán, La Mantecosera, San José El Chillar, 868 m, 14 August 2002, Cruz & San-Pedro 1048 (MEXU!); Barraca de las Guacamayas, San José El Chilar, 1107 m, 15 August 2002, Cruz & San-Pedro 1074 (MEXU!), 1187 m, 29 September 2002, Soto et al. 23974 (MEXU!); San Juan Coyula, 1049 m, 20 June 2002, García et al. 869 (MEXU!). San Juan Mixtepec, 4 km al NO, 1780 m, 08 July 1988, Reyes-Santiago 314 (MEXU!). San Martín Toxpalan, 1 km al SE, 29 July 1983, Chiang et al. 2381 (MEXU!, MO!). San Pedro Nopala, 6 km al N, Cerro Pericón, 2700 m, 16 April 1990, García-Mendoza & Reyes-Santiago 4581 (MEXU!). Santiago Chazumba, Agua del Coyote, ca. 1.5 km al O de Olleras de Bustamante, 1670 m, 29 April 2010, Carrillo-Reyes & Cabrera-Toledo 6054 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Zapoquila, La Garabatera, abajo del Rincón del Chicamole, 2400 m, Tenorio 19055 (MEXU!). Teotitlán de Flores Magón, 3 km delante de Teotitlán del Camino, por la carretera a Huautla de Jiménez, 1300 m, 29 June 1987 Salinas et al. 4099 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec de Mejía, C. Peña Agujerada, 2300 m, 12 July 1971, Cabrera s.n. (ENCB!). Zapotitlán Palmas, 2 mi E of Oaxaca border, 9.6 mi NW of Huajuapan, along hwy 190, 20 July 1979, Case et al. 101 (ENCB!); Frontera Puebla-Oaxaca, carr. Acatlán-Huajuapan de León, 2050 m, 06 June 1985, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 6651 (MEXU!, MO). 16 km al SE de Dominguillo, 11 km al NW de Tonaltepec, entre Cuicatlán y Telixtlahuaca, 1500 m, 05 May 1980, González-Medrano et al. F1097 (MEXU!). Puebla: Amozoc, Parque estatal Gral. Lázaro Cárdenas, 2240 m, 20 May 1993, Martínez 825 (MEXU!). Atexcal, carretera Pino Suárez-San Juan Ixcaquixtla, 22 June 2015, Castañeda MCZ1071 (MEXU!). Atlixco, 23 March 1941, Miranda 1433 (MEXU!). Caltepec, 10 July 1980, González-Medrano et al. 11630 (MEXU!); a 2 km de la entrada de Caltepec, al SW del poblado, 1750 m, 08 July 2002, Alvarado-Cárdenas et al. 126 (MEXU!); Barranca de los Membrillos, 1860 m, Tenorio 3798 (MEXU!); cerro El Gavilán, al SE de Caltepec, 05 May 1983, Tenorio et al. 3718 (MEXU!), 14 July 1986, Tenorio et al. 11778 (MEXU!); ladera N de la Mesa de Pala, al SE de Acatepec, 2180 m, 14 August 1984, Tenorio & Romero 6879 (MEXU!); roca al SE de Cruz Chica, Acatitlán, 2137 m, 14 April 2001, Tenorio 20070 (MEXU!). Chalchicomula, Sierra de Chalchi, June 1945, Miranda 3568 (MEXU!). Chapulco, a 5 km al NO de Azumbilla, 2300 m, 26 June 1987, Martínez 21667 (MEXU!, MO). Huehuetlán El Grande, carretera de Valsequillo al Aguacate, 5 km antes de llegar al Aguacate, 16 July 1994, Rodríguez 899 (MEXU!). Jolalpan, Cerro El Jumil, al NW de Zacacuautla, 1700 m, 17 July 1984, Guízar 1397 (MEXU!). Santiago Miahuatlán, 1941 m, 26 July 2014, Castañeda MCZ834 (MEXU!). Santo Tomás Hueyotlipan, 3 km al sur de San Miguel Zacaola, 2000 m, 27 June 1982, González-Medrano et al. 12632 (MEXU!). Tehuacán, Cerro El Tepechante, Magdalena Cuayucatepec, 1808 m, 01 January 2015, Castañeda MCZ984 (MEXU!); 2 km al O, 1750 m, 23 July 1979, Chiang-Cabrera et al. 25 (MEXU!, MO); 24 km al NW, en la estación de microondas, rumbo a Tecamachalco, 27 July 1983, Chiang-Cabrera et al. 2328 (MEXU!); 3 miles NE, along road to Veracruz, 04 August 1963, Gentry et al. 20245 (MEXU!, US!), 2.2 mi NE of San Antonio Texcala, 2010 m, 17 July 1978, Pennell et al. 188 (ASU!, MEXU!); Meseta de San Lorenzo, 27 June 1987, Salinas et al. 4030 (MEXU!); on La Mesa above El Riego, July 1961, Smith Jr. et al. 3773 (MEXU!, US!); near Cerro Colorado beyond Santa Cruz, July 1961, Smith Jr. et al. 4065 (MEXU!, US!). Tepanco de López, 0.5 mi N of Cacaloapan on Rte 150 libre to Puebla, 26 May 1986, Luckow 3183 (MEXU!); 6 km al SW de San Andrés Cacaloapan, 1694 m, 11 May 2007, Rosas et al. 2978 (MEXU!); 2.5–3.5 mi NW of Cacalopan, 06 July 1972, Webster et al. 17236 (MEXU!). Zapotitlán Salinas, Cerro La Flor al O de La Estanzuela, 2300 m, 12 July 1986, Salinas et al. F3415 (MEXU!); 1 km al SW de Zapotitlán Salinas, 1700 m, 29 June 1991, Valiente et al. 908 (MEXU!). Querétaro: Pinal de Amoles, La Cuesta, 3 km al S de Escanelilla, 1100 m, 14 July 1983, Fernández & Acosta 2151 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Standley, P. C. (1920) Trees and shrubs of Mexico (Gleicheniaceae-Betulaceae). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 (1): 1 - 1681.","Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary: fourth edition. John & James Rivington, London, 1582 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 79061","Console, M. (1897) Myrtillocactus, Nuovo genere di Cactaceae. Bolletino del R. Orto Botanico di Palermo 1: 8 - 10.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Lemaire, C. A. (1861) Genre nouveau de la familie des Asparagacees: Beaucarnea. L'Illustration Horticole 8 (Misc.): 57 - 62.","Zuccarini, J. G (1838) Ileber eine neue Gattung aus der familie der Bromeliaceae nebft Bemerfungen uber einige merifaniche Agaven. Allgemeine Gartenzeitung 6 (33): 257 - 259.","Engler, A. (1880) Diagnosen neuer Bruseraceae und Anacardiaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 1: 41 - 47.","Forchhamer, G. (1854) M ˆ det den 19 de Mai. Oversigt over det kongelige danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger og dets medlemmers arbeider 1854: 159 - 191."]}

2. Lamourouxia barbata (Bertoloni) MacVean, Cristofoloni, Daniel & Baldini. Phytotaxa 420(3): 205. 2019. Basionym: Justicia barbata Bertoloni in Alessandrini. Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. 1(1): 410. 1838. Type:— GUATEMALA. Antigua Guatimalae, 1836, D. Vellasquez [Velásquez] s.n. (Holotype: BOLO0507985!) = Lamourouxia lanceolata Bentham. Prodr. 10: 542. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Chiapas, In Mexici prov. Chiapas ad Amatenango, 1839, J.J. Linden 198 (Lectotype: K000533705!; isolectotypes: F [IRN:219874 photo!], K000533707!). Figure 4 E–H. Herbs up to 300 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, reclining, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves opposite, sessile, narrowly lanceolate, rarely ovate, 19–57 × 7–14 mm, margin serrate, 4–11 teeth each side, teeth up to 0.5 mm long; apex acute, base attenuate; papyraceous, glabrous or glabrescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme with inverted flowers, arching forward, pedicels thin, 1–14 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate, 14–34 × 4–7 mm, 4–7 teeth per side, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 10–18 × 4–6 mm, four-lobed, lobes oblanceolate to narrowly triangular, 6–15 × 1.3–3.8 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous or glabrescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 32–37 × 5–8 mm, bilabiate, upper lip 8–20 mm long, lower lip 7.9–14.6 × 4 mm, apex three-lobed, lobes 2–3 mm long; orange to red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments 31–34 mm long. Anthers 2.9–4 mm long, lanose with white non-glandular trichomes. Style 31–39 mm long. Stigma bilobed, 1.3–2.2 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 9–12 × 6–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species refers to the appearance of the anthers’ indumentum. Common name: —Kaka’an wamal, Tzajal nich (Tzeltal language, Chiapas). Uses: —Macerated leaves are used in showers three times a day to relieve body pain (López-Pérez 196, MEXU). Leaves in cold water once a day in shower are used for headaches (López-Pérez 237, MEXU). Distribution and Ecology: —This species spreads from southern Mexico to Costa Rica. In Mexico, the species is distributed in the state of Chiapas (Fig. 4H). It is reported from pine and oak forests (Quercus Linnaeus (1753: 994) and Pinus Linnaeus (1753: 1000) with Dendropanax Decaisne & Planchon (1854: 107), Saurauia Willdenow (1801: 407), pine forests, tropical deciduous forests, seasonal evergreen forest (Calycophyllum Candolle (1830: 367), Zanthoxylum Linnaeus (1753: 270), cloud forest (Oecopetalum Greenman & Thompson (1915: 408–409), Magnolia Linnaeus (1753: 535), Podocarpus L’Héritier ex Persoon (1807: 580), and corn crops in an elevation range of 1350–2800 m. Phenology: —The flowering season of this species is from November to March, with the peaks of collections in January and February (26 of 36 examined collections). Discussion: —Williams (1972) proposed to include the taxon under the species Lamourouxia longiflora but no morphological characters were defined and only it was separated by its geographical distribution, specified as “Distributed from southern Mexico, through Guatemala to El Salvador and Costa Rica ” with no enough evidence to segregate it to infraspecific rank. Nomenclatural notes:— Baldini et al. (2019), proposed the priority of the name Lamourouxia barbata (Bertoloni 1838: 410) MacVean, Cristofolini, Daniel & Baldini (2019: 205) instead of L. lanceolata. They argued that the name L. barbata was given by Bertolini (1838) to one species of Justicia (Acanthaceae), and referred to the similarity of the type specimen of J. barbata with L. lanceolata. They indicated the specimen BOLO 0507985 as holotype. The specimen was requested to the BOLO herbarium and it was received a high resolution image of it. Certainly, the specimen described as J. barbata corresponds to a specimen of L. lanceolata. Applying the priority of names (Chapter II, Section 3 of the Shenzhen Code, Turland et al. 2018), the correct name of the species is L. barbata. Thus, the name L. lanceolata now is treated as a synonym. The original description of Lamourouxia lanceolata (Bentham 1846) cited one specimen (Linden 198) in Herbarium Hook (K). Later, Ernst (1972) referred to type specimens in G and K. The search of the type collection in GBIF (revealed two specimens in K, one of them (K000533707!) includes two different collections with the plant of taxonomic importance confined to the corner of it. The other specimen (K000533705!) contains only the collection of L. lanceolata, because of it, it was designed as the lectotype. Also, were found two photographs from the Field museum photo negatives collection (Grant & Niezgoda 2020a) taken from one specimen in G. The online database of type specimens of the G herbarium (http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/result.php?type_search=simple&lang =en&criteria= Lamourouxia &mode=tout) does not include any specimen of the type collection. The existence of the specimen in G is unknown, because Ernst (1972) did not argue if the specimen or its photograph were revised. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Amatenango del Valle, highway 190, Las Rosas-Teopisca 3.2 mi S of junction with highway 190, 27 January 1979, Croat 46498 (MO); Kampor, 4 km al sur de la cabecera municipal, 1670 m, 16 December 1987, Gómez 218 (ENCB!); Ti’Tontikil, 2 km al sur de la cabecera, López 196 (MEXU!); Siol, 3 km este de la cabecera, 1645 m, 14 January 1988, López 237 (ENCB!, MEXU!); near the center of Amatenango del Valle, 05 January 1967, Shilom 1837 (ENCB!, US!). Bochil, 5 km north of Soyalo along road to Bochil, 19 December 1971, Breedlove 23332 (ENCB!, MO); along highway 195 between Chiapa de Corzo and Pichucalco, 14 miles north of Ixtapa, 22.7 miles south of Pemex station in Bochil, 25 January 1979, Croat 46326 (MEXU!); along highway 195 between Chiapa de Corzo and Pichucalco, 5–7 mi S of Bochil, 17 February 1987, Croat & Hannon 65052 (MEXU!); 5 miles northeast of Soyalo on road to Bochil, 23 January 1975, Raven & Breedlove 19777 (ENCB!, US!). Chiapa de Corzo, Cerro El Escopetazo, 10 January 1995, Chamé & Luna 935 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Comitán de Domínguez, 3.4 miles by road northwest of Comitan, 17 January 1970, W.R. Anderson & C. Anderson 5485 (ENCB!); 3 km al sureste de Comitán, 19 December 1979, González-Medrano & Hiriart 11527 (MEXU!); NO de Comitán, 22 December 1948, Miranda 5004 (MEXU!). Escuintla, Monte Ovando, February 1939, Matuda 2647 (MEXU!). La Trinitaria, Zapaluta Cave, 3 km south of La Trinitaria, 29 January 1981, Breedlove 49648 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO); a 15 km al este de Tziscao, sobre el camino a Santa Elena, 05 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 6107 (MEXU!); Hidalgo, cerca de la carretera, Ramamoorthy et al. 1880 (MEXU!, XAL!). Las Rosas, 4 miles northwest of Pinola, 28 January 1965, Raven & Breedlove 20116 (ENCB!). Motozintla, 45–50 km of northeast of Huixtla along road to Motozintla, 28 December 1972, Breedlove & Thorne 31095 (MEXU!, MO). Rayón, La Selva Negra, 13 November 1964, MacDougall s.n. (MEXU!). San Juan Chamula, Paraje Chiotik 1 km, 2070 m, 14 January 1988, Santíz-Ruiz 550 (ENCB!, MO). Siltepec, camino Ejido Santa María a El Bejucal, polígono zona núcleo 2, 25 March 2006, Martínez 1236 (MEXU!, MO). Siltepec, cascada near Siltepec, 03 March 1945, Matuda 5048 (MEXU!). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, El Sumidero, 22 km al north of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 01 January 1981, Breedlove 49059 (MEXU!); a 10 km al norte de Tuxtla Gutiérrez sobre el camino a Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero, 03 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5961 (ENCB!, MEXU!); El Sumidero, 23 November 1970, MacDougall s.n. (ENCB!); Cañón del Sumidero, en el último mirador, 14 November 1984, Martínez et al. 8604 (MEXU!). Unión Juárez, on the southeast side of Volcán Tacaná above Talquián, 16 January 1973, Breedlove & Smith 31642 (MEXU!, MO); en el camino de Talquián a Chiquihuite, 03 February 1987, Martínez et al. 19319 (MEXU!); Chiquihuite, Volcán Tacaná, 27 March 1939, Matuda 2842 (MEXU!, MO); Talquián, 1550 m, 22 January 1986, E. Ventura & López 3133 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); la línea divisoria, 8 km al sur de Unión Juárez, 12 January 1988, E. Ventura & López 5013 (XAL!); El Berral por el Tacaná, 21 January 1992, E. Ventura & López 10026 (MEXU!, XAL!). Venustiano Carranza, 1 km northwest of Aguacatenango, 15 December 1964, Breedlove 7879 (ENCB!, US!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Decaisne, J. & Planchon, J. E. (1854) Esquisse d'une monographie des Araliacees. Revue Horticole (Paris), ser. 4, 3 (6): 104 - 109.","Willdenow, C. L. (1801) Drei neue pflanzen-gattungen. Der Gesellsschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, neue Schriften 3: 403 - 413.","De Candolle, A. (1830) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol. 4. Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz, Paris, 683 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Greenman, J. M. & Thompson, C. H. (1915) Diagnoses of flowering plants, chiefly from the Southwestern United States and Mexico. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1 (4): 405 - 418.","Persoon, C. H. (1807) Synopsis plantarum, seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Vol. 2. Bibliopolas Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz, Paris, 656 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638","Baldini, R. M., MacVean, A. L., Cristofolini, G., Daniel, T. F., Managlia, A. & Galloni, M. (2019) Synopsis and typification of the names published by Antonio Bertoloni in Florula Guatimalensis and in preceding publications. Phytotaxa 420 (3): 199 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 420.3.1","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Bentham, G. (1846) Lamourouxia. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 10: 539 - 542.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Grant, S. & Niezgoda, C. (2020 a) Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Seed Plant Collection. Version 11.12. Field Museum. https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / nxnqzf"]}

19. Lamourouxia pringlei Robinson & Greenman. Gard. & Forest 8(385): 273, 275. 1895. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: San Felipe, found growing on the rocky and wooded summit ridges of San Felipe, 1894, C.G. Pringle 4927 (Lectotype: MO-155211!; isolectotypes:AC00320443!, BKL00004274!, BR0000008428080!, CM2010, E00394558!, ENCB0003598!, F0072506F!, G00356751!, G00356752!, GH00078583!, GOET011028! HBG511949!, JE00019793!, K000533731!, MEXU00031624!, MEXU00031626!, MSC, NDG50289!, NY00090608!, P02995395!, P02995396!, PH00016833!, RSA 0006028!, S-G-3537!, US00125707!, US 00125708!, VT UVMVT026730!, WIS v0256296WIS!). Not Lamourouxia pringlei Gandoyer. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66(5–6): 217. 1919. Figure 13 A–C. Shrubs or sub-shrubs 40–200 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glandular-puberulous. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to elliptic, rarely narrowly spatulate, 5–19 × 2–5 mm, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse, base cuneate to rounded; membranous, glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–5 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate to elliptic, 4–9 × 3–4 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, base cuneate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–11 × 5–7 mm, lobes lanceolate to triangular, 1.8–6.5 × 2–4 mm, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse, rarely acuminate, glandular-pubescent. Corolla funnelform, 29–37 × 6–10 mm, upper lip 7–10 × 5–6 mm, lower lip 4–8 × 3–5 mm, lobes 2.2–3 mm × 1.4–2.2 mm; red, glandular-pubescent. Stamens exserted 4, 14–25 mm long, anthers 2.4–3.9 mm. Style 23–34 × 0.4–0.8 mm, stigma bilobed, 0.7 × 1 mm. Capsule ovoid, 11–14 × 6–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species honors C.G. Pringle, collector of the type specimen. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz (Fig. 13C). Collections are from xerophytic scrubs (Acacia, Brahea dulcis (Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth 1815 [1816]: 300) Martius (1838: 244), oak forests (Quercus acutifolia Née (1801: 267), Q. rugosa with Arbutus, Juniperus flaccida, and Rhus), pine forests, Pseudotsuga menziesii forests, and pine-oak forests, at elevations of 2000–3048 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting occur from August to March. Discussion: —Please see L. paneroi to know more about the similarity with L. pringlei. Nomenclatural notes: —The type collection of Lamourouxia pringlei has numerous duplicates in several herbariums widely distributed. It was selected as lectotype the specimen MO-155211! because it exhibits the branching pattern with open inflorescences and mature flowers. Other specimens consist mostly of two stems not branched. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: Chilapa de Díaz, 1 km de San Marcos Monte de León, a 4 km de Chilapa de Díaz sobre la carretera de terracería a Chilapa de Díaz, 2150 m, 24 December 2002, Calzada 23686 (MEXU!). Cristóbal Suchixtlahuaca, 7 km al SO-S de Suchixtlahuaca, por la terracería rumbo a Santiago Tenejupan, 2250 m, 20 November 1985, Salinas & Dorado F-3036 (MEXU!). Nochixtlán, Mixteca Alta, 600 m antes de la desviación a Jaltepec, antes de Nochixtlán, 2330 m, 06 February 1993, Cházaro et al. 7064 (MEXU!, XAL!); Cerros de Nochixtlán, 2250 m, 17 October 1921, Conzatti 4298 (MEXU); 12 km al NE de Nochixtlán camino a Huautla y 2 km al S de Fortín Alto, 2310 m, 23 January 1986, García-Mendoza et al. 2079 (XAL!). Rojas de Cuauhtémoc, a unos 20 km al NNE de Tlacolula, km 575 de la carr. Mex-Oax., 3000 m, 30 January 1966, Delgadillo 186 (MEXU!, US!). San Bartolomé Quialana, Alrededores del mirador en la parte más alta del cerro Yuubldan a 4 km de la población, 2850 m, 23 November 2013, Aragón-Parada 938, 939 (MEXU!). San Juan Mixtepec, near town, 2100 m, 19 December 1996, Hunn OAX-641 (MEXU!, MO). San Juan Teposcolula, Cerro Yucudaá, torre de microondas, 2700 m, 19 October 1990, A. García-Mendoza & Reyes-Santiago 4963 (MEXU!); 1 km al N de Teposcolula, 2390 m, 22 February 1982, García-Mendoza 886 (MEXU!); Yucudá, por las torres de microondas, a 1.5 km al NO de la desviación a Teposcolula, 2700 m, 19 October 1990, Reyes-Santiago & García-Mendoza 2464 (MEXU!). San Miguel Chicahua, 8.6 km al NO de Amatlán camino a Apoala, 2438 m, 10 November 2001, García-Mendoza & Solano 7331 (MEXU!). San Pedro y San Pablo Teposcolula, Ladera N del cerro de Pueblo Viejo, 2350 m, 05 November 2005, García-Mendoza et al. 8168 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Paraje “Peña Prieta”, 15 km al norte de la Ciudad de Oaxaca y a 3 km al noroeste del poblado “El Estudiante”, 2700 m, 23 August 1997, Acevedo 26 (MEXU!). Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos, Cañada Otates, brecha a Hijadedoaria, 2092 m, 02 March 2001, Tenorio 19958 (MEXU!). Villa de Tamazulápam del Progreso, 4.5 km al sureste de Tamazulápan, 22 October 1977, González-Medrano & Hiriart 10611 (MEXU!); 7 km al SW de Tamazulápan sobre la carretera a Chilapa, 2350 m, 12 December 1981, Rzedowski 37688 (MEXU!). Villa Díaz Ordaz, a 16 km al NE de Díaz Ordaz, 2780 m, 08 December 1982, Cedillo 1932 (MEXU!); about 11 miles north of Tlacolula above Valley of Diaz Ordaz, 3000 m, 30 January 1966, Ernst & Delgadillo 2384 (MEXU!, P!, US!). Cerro cercano al entronque de la carretera Yucudaá-Pinotepa, 2270 m, 02 november 1981, García-Mendoza 808 (MEXU!, MO). Puebla: Ajalpan, 1 km al S de San Luis del Pino, 02 December 1991, Salinas & Martínez 6407 (MEXU!). Caltepec, al SE, Cerro El Castillo, Tenorio 15379 (MEXU). Chapulco, 2 km antes de llegar a Nicolás Bravo, carretera Azumbilla-Lagunas de San Bernardino, 2300 m, 28 September 1989, Cházaro et al. 6095 (XAL!). Coxcatlán, Carretera de Coyomeapan a Zoquitlán, ranchería Pala, 2446 m, 06 February 2015, Salazar et al. 9421 (MEXU!); 4 km al E de Pala, brecha a Zoquitlán, 2490 m, 28 September 1984, Tenorio et al. 7467 (MEXU!). Nicolás Bravo, Volcán Otzelotzi, a un lado de las lagunas de San Bernardino, 2750 m, 20 October 1996, Cházaro et al. 7673 (MEXU!). Palmar de Bravo, Cerro Tepoxtla de San Martín Esperilla, 2700 m, 31 October 1991, Tenorio et al. 17965 (MEXU!). Tepanco de López, Teontepec, 1 km al W de Nopala, brecha a Atexcal, 2100 m, 27 September 1984, Tenorio et al. 7454 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec de Benito Juárez, San Marcos Tlacoyalco, Carretera Cuacnopalan-Esperilla, aproximadamente 2 km al N de Esperilla, 2000 m, 07 September 1995, Panero et al. 5801 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Perote, cerro de Tenextepec, 2500 m, 27 October 1997, Castillo-Campos et al. 16499, 16513 (XAL!); 19 February 1998, Castillo-Campos et al. 16591 (XAL!); Hacienda de San Agustín, al SE, 2560 m, 04 November 1998, Castillo-Campos et al. 18725 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, K. S. (1815 [1816]) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.). Vol. 1. Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Antverpiae, 375 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 640","Martius, K. F. P. (1838) Historia naturalis palmarum: opus tripartium. Vol. 3. T. O. Weigel, Lipsiae, 260 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 506","Nee, D. L. (1801) Descripcion de varias especies nuevas de Encina (Quercus de Linneo). Anales de Ciencias Naturales 3: 260 - 278."]}

7. Lamourouxia gracilis Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3, 50: 174. 1895 Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Guerrero: Summit of Sierra Madre near Chilpancingo, 9000–12000 ft, 24 December 1894, E.W. Nelson 2234 (Lectotype: US00125700!; isolectotype: GH00078575!) Figure 7 A–E. Herbs 25–60 cm tall, stems branched at base, reclining, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic to obovate, 15–28 × 3–10 mm, margin serrate to crenate slightly revolute, 5–7 teeth each side, teeth 0.5–1 mm long; apex obtuse, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels claviform, 6–12 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear-spatulate to elliptic, 4–10 × 3–5 mm, margin serrate to crenate, 4–7 teeth per side in the upper half, apex obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5–10 × 3–6 mm, lobes elliptic to oblanceolate, 2–5 × 2–3 mm, margin crenate to crenulate, 2–5 teeth each side, apex obtuse, narrow at base, glabrous. Corolla tubular, 35–50 × 8–10 mm, upper lip 14–22 mm, lower lip 10–20 mm long, lobes 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm; brilliant fuchsia, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 30–45 mm, anthers 2 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 30–35 mm long. Stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid to globose, 10–12 mm long, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet gracilis means thin. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from Mexico and is distributed in the states of Guerrero and Morelos (Fig. 7E). It was collected in the transition and border of cloud forests and pine forests, at elevations from 1980 to 2170 m. This species is difficult to locate in the herbaceous substrate; the tiny leaves are easily camouflaged with other species. The brilliant fuchsia color of the flowers helps to identify it (Fig. 7D). Phenology: —Flowers and fruit can be found from September to December. Most collected specimens are reported from September (three of five collections). Nomenclatural notes: —The original description of Lamourouxia gracilis (Robinson & Greenman 1895) cited the specimen Nelson 2234 without herbarium location. Ernst (1972) cited duplicates of this collection in GH and US as type specimens. Because of this, lectotype and isolectotype were designated here. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Chilpancingo, 1400 m, 24 December 1894, Nelson 2234 (US!, GH!). Morelos: Cuernavaca, Carretera de subida a Chalma, 2172 m, 12 October 2019, Francisco-Gutiérrez & RamírezMartínez 256 (IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!); Lomas de Atzingo, August–September 1950, Lyonnet 5008000028 (MEXU!); mossy cliffs of wet barranca above Cuernavaca, 18 September 1986, Pringle 6510 (BR, CAS, ENCB!, F, G, GH, K, MEXU!, MO!, MSC, P!, PH, UC, US!, W); barranca La Tilapeña, junto a la antigua vía del tren y el túnel, 2036 m, 10 September 2016, Zamudio et al. 17150 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

1. Lamourouxia avendanoi Francisco-Gutiérrez. Phytotaxa 549(1): 54. 2022. Type:— MEXICO. Nayarit: Nayar [Zacatecas: Valparaíso], 50 km al NE de Jesús María, carr. a Huejuquilla, 2000–2230 m, 13 September 1989, P. Tenorio-Lezama & G. Flores-Franco 16022 (Holotype: MEXU000520487!) Figure 4 A–D. Herbs 40–60 cm tall, stems solitary, erect, woody, hirsute, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic, broadly elliptic to oblong, 24–56 × 17–29 mm, margin dentate to crenate, 6–16 teeth per side, teeth 0.5–3.3 mm long; apex acute to obtuse, sometimes short-acuminate, base rounded; coriaceous, pilose with non-glandular trichomes. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 0.8–3.3 × 1 mm. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, obovate to ovate, 8–25 × 3–20 mm, margin dentate, up to 7 teeth per side, teeth 0.5–2 mm long, apex acute, base rounded. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 4.3–13 × 3.9–6 mm, lobes triangular, 2.6–7 × 1.1–4.4 mm, margin entire, apex acute, pubescent with non-glandular trichomes. Corolla tubular, 27–54 × 6–10 mm, upper lip 14–30 mm long, lower lip 7–24 × 2 mm, lobes 1.1–3.3 × 0.9 mm; pink or red, pubescent to shortly hirsute, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 35–38 mm long, anthers ca. 3.4 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 37–47 mm long. Stigma capitate, 1–1.4 × 0.9 mm. Capsule ovoid, 8.3–9.8 × 5.4–6 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet honors Sergio Avendaño-Reyes, a Mexican botanist. Distribution and Ecology: —The species is restricted to tropical deciduous forests, oak, and pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental at elevations from 1325 to 2450 m. It is distributed in the states of Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, and Zacatecas (Fig. 4E). Associated with Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega 1798: 66) Sargent (1892: 29), Acacia angustissima (Miller 1768: s.n.) Kuntze (1898: 47), Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schlechtendal (1838: 491–492), Calliandra houstoniana (Miller 1768: s.n.) Standley (1922: 386), and Bursera Jacquin ex Linnaeus (1762: 471) spp. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from July to October. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Durango: El Salto, Pie de Cuesta 4 km al S de Pueblo Nuevo, 1860 m, 02 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6169 (MEXU!, US!); Mezquital, Aprox. 4 km de La Guajolota, 11 September 1985, Solís 257 (MEXU!); Pueblo Nuevo, La Yerbabuena, comunidad San Bernardino de Milpillas, 2280 m, 26 September 1981, Pérez 797 (ENCB!); Toyaltita, Carboneras 54 km al SW de San Miguel de Cruces, brecha a Toyaltita, 1800 m, 06 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6246 (MEXU!, US!). Jalisco: Bolaños, cañada 1.5 km al O de Las Berenjenas, 2 a 3 km al W de Las Berenjenas o de 7 a 8 km al W del crucero, 1800–2000 m, 02 July 1996, Calónico-Soto & Flores-Franco 2470 (IBUG!, MEXU!); camino crucero de Banderitas-Tuxpan de Bolaños, Sierra de Bolaños, 2450 m, 06 July 1996, Calónico-Soto & Flores-Franco 2505 (MEXU!, IBUG!), 29 October 2020, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 995, 996 (IBUG!). Nayarit: El Nayar, Arroyo de La Taberna northwest of Mesa del Nayar, 1325 m, 13 August 1980, Breedlove & Almeda 45556 (MEXU!). Zacatecas: [ Valparaíso] 31 km al NE de Jesús María, camino Jesús María-Huejuquilla, 1430 m, 27 July 1990, FloresFranco et al. 2103 (MEXU!); 50 km al NE de Jesús María, carr. a Huejuquilla, 2000–2230 m, 13 September 1989, Tenorio & Flores-Franco 16022 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ortega, C. G. (1798) Noviarum, aut Rariorum, Plantarum Horti Reg. Botan. Matrit. Descriptionum Decades, cum nonnullarum iconibus.; Decas quinta, et sexta. Ex Typographia Ibarriana, Matriti, 80 pp.","Sargent, C. S. (1892) Eysenhardtia. The Silva of North America 3: 29 - 32.","Miller, P. (1768) The Gardeners Dictionary: eighth edition. John & Francis Rivington, London, 1344 pp.","Kuntze, C. E. O. (1898) Revisio Generum Plantarum 3. A. Felix, Leipzig, 555 pp.","Schlechtendal, D. (1838) Vorlaufige Nachricht uber mexicanischen Coniferen, vom Herausgeber. Linnaea 12: 486 - 496.","Standley, P. C. (1922) Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 (2): 171 - 515.","Linnaeus, C. (1762) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 784 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11179"]}

9. Lamourouxia jaliscana Ernst & Baad. Madroño 20: 344. 1970[1971]. Type:— MEXICO. Jalisco: Sierra de Caule [Cuale], Southwest of Talpa de Allende, Southwest of Piedra Rajada, 1800–2250 m, 19–21 November 1952, R. McVaugh & J. Sooby Jr. 14250 (Holotype: MICH1108006!) Figure 8 A–C. Sub-shrubs up to 1.5 m tall, stems branched along the plant, probably reclining, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles up to 1.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 50–80 × 6–10 mm, margin serrate, 10–22 teeth each side, teeth 0.5–1.5 mm long, apex acute very attenuate, base attenuate; possibly membranous, pubescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 5–8 mm long, one bract per flower. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, 13.4–26.6 × 1.5–2.6 mm, margin dentate, 4–11 teeth per side, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 14–16 × 5 mm, four-lobed, lobes narrowly subulate, 10–12 × 2–3.7 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glandular-pubescent. Corolla tubular, 56–63 × 9–10, bilabiate, upper lip 14–27 mm long, lower lip 19.6–27 × 3.2–3.4 mm, apex three-lobed, lobes 4.3–9 × 0.7–1.6 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments not seen, anthers 4.3–4.9 mm long. Style 55–65 mm long. Fruit a capsule, ovoid, 12–13 × 7–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species is dedicated to the state of Jalisco, where the species was collected. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from Mexico and is only known from the state of Jalisco (Fig. 8C). Lamourouxia jaliscana is exclusive from the northern portion of the Sierra Madre del Sur province. The holotype reports it was collected in a pine forest between 1700 and 2250 m. The second known specimen has the annotation of “headwaters of the branch of Rio de Talpa (Talpa River) ”. Phenology: —Flowers of two known specimens were collected in November. Fruits are unknown. Notes: —The species was searched in November 2019, but it was not found. The type locality is a remote site at the summit of one of the mountains surrounding the municipality of Talpa, Jalisco. The flowering season coincides with the hurricane season in the Pacific Ocean, where unpaved roads are considerably damaged by the rain making the access difficult. It is recommended the use of 4×4 vehicles or specialized equipment to carry out long botanical expeditions in quest of Lamourouxia jaliscana. Representative specimens:— MEXICO. Jalisco: Talpa de Allende, Sierra de Caule [Cuale], southwest of Talpa de Allende, southwest of Piedra Rajada, 1800–2250 m, 19–21 November 1952, R. McVaugh & J. Sooby Jr. 14250 (MICH!); 11–12 miles south of Talpa de Allende, headwaters of west branch of Rio de Talpa, 1200–1700 m, 23–25 November 1960, McVaugh et al. 21325 (MICH!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060

10. Lamourouxia longiflora Bentham. Pl. Hartw. 22. 1839. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. In Mexico pr. Bolanos [Bolaños], K.T. Hartweg 188 (Lectotype: K000533733!; isolectotypes: BM000953406!, E00259257!, F [IRN:219876 photo!], GH00078579!, K000533734!, LD1216227!, P02976350!) = Lamourouxia hyssopifolia Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 404. 1886. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Chihuahua: at the Frailes in the mountains above Batopilas, E. Palmer 260 (Lectotype: GH00078576!; isolectotypes: BM000953405!, K000533732!, MEXU00031627!, NY00090605!, PH00016831!, US 00125701!, US00125702!). = Lamourouxia longiflora var. hyssopifolia (Gray) Reveal & Hess. Phytologia 25(3): 106. 1973. Basionym: L. hyssopifolia Gray. Figure 8 D–F. Herbs up to 150 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect or reclining, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 28–56 × 3–7 mm, margin entire or rarely 1–3 lobed, revolute, lobes 1–3 mm long; apex mucronulate, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–5 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 18–37 × 1.8–4 mm, margin entire, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–13 × 3–5 mm, lobes triangular to linear, 1.8–8 × 1–1.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous. Corolla funnelform, 26–56 × 6–13 mm, upper lip 6–16 mm long, lower lip 15–20 × 1.2–2.7 mm, lobes 2–4.8 × 0.7–1.5 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 30.5–34.1 mm long, anthers 3.6–5.2 mm long. Style 25.4–43.4 mm long. Stigma bilobed, 0.7–0.8 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 7–1.3 × 5–7.5 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to its elongated flowers. Common name:— Huavuu pixa’ (Cora language). Distribution and habitat: — Lamourouxia longiflora is an endemic species to Mexico. The species can be found in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, and Zacatecas in western and northern Mexico (Fig. 8F). This taxon is reported in pine (Pinus lumholtzii Robinson & Fernald (1895: 122) and oak forests at 1920–2590 m. Phenology: —The flowering and fruiting season of Lamourouxia longiflora is from July to January. Collections were made principally from September to November. Nomenclatural notes and discussion: —The name Lamourouxia longiflora was published by Bentham (1839) with no reference to the type collection. Later, Bentham (1846: 540) reviewed the species of Lamourouxia and included the specimen Hartweg 188 without herbarium indication. The treatment of Ernst (1972) listed four type specimens distributed in BM, GH, K, and W. The revision of the type collection recovered six duplicates of the referred collection, of which, was selected as lectotype one specimen in K, with the best representation of the diagnostic characters defining the species. Also, a photograph of one specimen of W is stored in F (Grant & Niezgoda 2020b). Lamourouxia hyssopifolia was published by Gray (1886) based on the specimen Palmer 260 with no data of herbarium location. Later, Ernst (1972) cited five type specimens. For typification purposes, of the specimens available online, the specimen in GH possesses elongated and filiform calyx lobes and ventricose and short corollas as indicated in the protologue, was selected as a lectotype. Lamourouxia hyssopifolia was established by Reveal & Hess (1973) as a variety of L. longiflora. It was established based on three revised collections; one of them (with 30 duplicates) was performed by the same authors.After reviewing specimens from several herbaria for this treatment, the pattern of characters and measures belonging to this variety was not consistent, and it is considered a synonym. Few specimens do not exhibit “common” features such narrowly linear leaves, or lobed leaves, but the reduced number of specimens does not allow establishing distinct varieties. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chihuahua: Steep slope on edge of barranca 61 km S of Creel along road to Guachochic, 31 August 1984, Breedlove 61265 (MEXU!). Durango: Steep slopes at base of Espinosa del Diablo 4 km NW of Los Angeles along road between Mazatlan and Durango, 08 October 1983, Breedlove 35740 (ENCB!); Mezquital, 48 km west northwest of Huejuquilla El Alto, Jalisco on road to Canoas, Durango, 21 October 1983, Breedlove & Almeda 59029 (MEXU!); Santiago Papasquiaro, 20 air km WNW Santiago Papasquiaro, 3.3 mi by Topia rd. N of crest of Sierra from jct. with rd. to antenna, 25 August 1983, Corral & Worthington 11389 (COLO!); Mezquital, 19 km al SW de Charcos, camino a Santa María Ocotán, 2250 m, 05 October 1983, Fernández 1833 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Along the dirt road between Hidalgo del Parral and El Vergel, about 56 miles west of Parral and 20.6 miles west of Ojito, 14 September 1972, Reveal & Hess 3086 (ASU, COLO, MEXU!); along Mexico Highway 40, about 98.5 miles west of Durango and 103.5 miles east of Mazatlan, 0.9 mile west of La Ermita on el Espinazo del Diablo, 8.4 miles west of La Ciudad, 26 September 1973, Reveal & Atwood 3516 (MEXU!, US!); along Mexico Highway 40, about 98 miles east of Mazatlan and 104 miles west of Durango, 3.3 miles west of Los Bancos and 20.8 miles east of El Palmito, 27 September 1973, Reveal & Atwood 3560 (MEXU!, US!); El Salto, 3 km al E del poblado, La Ciudad, 2300 m, 09 July 1982, Tenorio & Romero 914 (MEXU!, MO); El Salto, Mesa de San Francisco a 24 km, al SE de El Salto, 2430 m, 10 September 1983, Tenorio et al. 4290 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Jalisco: Bolaños, Cerro del Gallo, predio “Las Berenjenas”, a 10 km al NO de Bolaños, 2000 m, 23 November 2002, Domínguez 7 (MEXU!), 29 November 2002, Roldán 37 (MEXU!); Bolaños, 5–8 km al SW del Crucero Tuxpan de Bolaños-Los Amoles, 2000 m, 28 September 1996, Flores-Franco & Soto 4757 (MEXU!); Bolaños, camino crucero de Banderitas-Tuxpan de Bolaños, Sierra de Bolaños, 31 October 2020, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 1021 (IBUG!). Zacatecas: Benito Juárez, Arroyo Las Ciruelillas, ca. 2.5 km en línea recta al SE de Los Campos, 2150 m, 16 January 2015, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7635 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Robinson, B. L. & Fernald, M. L. (1895) New plants collected by Messrs. C. V. Hartman and C. E. Lloyd upon an archaeological expedition to Northwestern Mexico under the direction of Dr. Carl Lumholtz. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 30: 114 - 123.","Bentham, G. (1839) Plantas Hartwegianas imprimis Mexicanas. G. Pamplin, Londini, 393 pp.","Bentham, G. (1846) Lamourouxia. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 10: 539 - 542.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Grant, S. & Niezgoda, C. (2020 b) Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Seed Plant Collection. Version 11.12. Field Museum. https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / nxnqzf","Gray, A. (1886) Contributions to American Botany. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 21: 363 - 413.","Reveal, J. L. & Hess, W. J. (1973) A new combination in Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae). Phytologia 25 (3): 105 - 106."]}

8. Lamourouxia integerrima Smith. Bot. Gaz. 13(7): 189–190. 1888. Lectotype designated here:— GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Pansamalá, 4000 ft, January 1887, H. von Tuerckheim 1112 (Lectotype: US0012570!; isolectotypes: GH00356761!, GH00078577!, K000533708!, NY00090606!, P02976356!, PH 00016832!, US00125703!, US 00125704!, US00125705!) = Lamourouxia longiflora var. integerrima (Smith) Williams in Standley and Williams (1972: 121). Basionym: L. integerrima. Figure 7 F–H. Herbs up to 250 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, reclining, woody, glabrous. Leaves sessile, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 20–42 × 3–8 mm, margin entire, apex acute, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, nonglandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 4–8 × 1 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate, 15–35 × 8 mm, margin entire, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–10 × 3–5 mm, lobes linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 2.7–7 × 1–1.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous to glabrate, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 43–51 × 9–11 mm, upper lip 14–19 mm long, lower lip 7–12 mm long, lobes 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm; brilliant red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments, anthers, and style not seen. Stigma bilobed. Capsule ovoid, 10–14 × 7–8 mm. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet integerrima means entire or untoothed in reference to the margin entire of the leaves. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is distributed from Mexico to Guatemala. In Mexico, the species is distributed in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca (Fig. 7H). The species was frequently collected in cloud forests and rarely in grassy flats at elevations between 1100 and 1700 m. Phenology: — In Mexico, flowers of this species were collected from October to January and only one specimen with fruits is known from July. Most of the collections were made in December. Discussion: —The taxon was classified as a variety of Lamourouxia longiflora by Williams in Standley & Williams (1972), regarding its broader and triangular calyx lobes, with the commentary “but probably not really distinct. Only known from Guatemala ”. No specimens were indicated as revised, and no other distinctive characters were given. Lamourouxia integerrima is a separate species from L. longiflora by many morphological characters and ecological features. Lamourouxia integerrima belongs to the section Hemispadon, while L. longiflora pertains to the section Lamourouxia, which denotes differences in the development of stamens and anthers and the shape of the corolla (see key for sections). The distribution of L. integerrima is recorded from cloud forests in the southern states of Chiapas and Oaxaca; L. longiflora frequently inhabits pine and oak forests of the northern states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, and Zacatecas. Nomenclatural notes:— The original description of Lamourouxia integerrima (Smith 1888) included the text “Ex Pl. cit. 1112” in the protologue. Ernst (1972) cited one specimen in G, GH, PH, and three in US. Because a holotype was not indicated, a lectotype is here designated. Examined specimens:— MEXICO: Chiapas: Larráinzar, near summit of Chuchil Ton, northeast of Bochil, 17 October 1972, Breedlove 29232 (MEXU!). La Trinitaria, 15 km east on road to Montebello, 04 December 1976, Breedlove 42086 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Lagunas de Montebello National Park along road to Cinco Lagunas, 29 January 1981, Breedlove 49696 (MEXU!). Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán, in the Selva Negra 10 km above Rayón Mezcalapa along road to Jitotol, 12 December 1971, Breedlove 23115, 25 November 1972, Breedlove & Dressler 29806 (ENCB!, MEXU!); La Selva Negra, 13 November 1964, MacDougall s.n. (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tziscao, 15 km al este sobre el camino a Santa Elena, 05 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 6107 (ENCB!, IBUG!). Oaxaca: Huautla de Jiménez, a 6.3 km del Puente de Fierro, por la terracería a Sta. María Chilchotla, 04 July 2001, Munn et al. 1317 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Standley, P. C. & Williams, L. O. (1972) Scrophulariaceae. Flora of Guatemala Part IX No. 4. Fieldiana, Botany 24: 319 - 416.","Smith, J. D. (1888) Undescribed plants from Guatemala. Botanical Gazette 13: 188 - 190.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

23. Lamourouxia tenuifolia Martens & Galeotti. Bull.Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 32. 1845. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, dans les bois de regions tempérees froides de la cordillère orientale d’Oaxaca (San Andreas, Roayaga, etc.), 6000 pieds, 1840, H. Galeotti 992 (Lectotype: BR0000005423712!; isolectotypes: F [IRN:219879 photo!], G00356750!) = Lamourouxia conzatti Greenman. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35(16): 312. 1900. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cerro de Pápalo, camino de Cheve, Cuicatlan, 2500 m, 16–22 June 1898, V. González & C. Conzatti 760 (Lectotype: GH00022184!; isolectotypes: GH00022183!, US362792!, VT UVMVT026734!). Figure 14 F–H. Herbs up to ca. 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glabrous or glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear to narrowly lanceolate or subulate, 10–32 × 1–1.3 mm, margin minutely serrate, 6–10 teeth per side, teeth up to 1 mm long: apex acute, base truncate; apparently membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, nonglandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 3.8–7.3 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear, 5–22 × 1.5 mm, margin generally entire, rarely serrate with three small teeth, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5.8–12.2 × 4–6 mm, lobes triangular, 3–7.2 × 0.6–2.6 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 45–55 × 9–13 mm, upper lip 11–19 × 9–13 mm, lower lip 5–12 × 5–10 mm, lobes 2–3 mm long; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments not seen. Style 40–45 mm long, stigma bilobed, 1.6 × 0.7 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 8.4–12 × 5–8 mm. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet of the species means thin leaves. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia tenuifolia is endemic from the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Fig. 14H). The species inhabit oak forest and pine-oak forests at elevations from 1500 to 2931 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting seasons extend from January to October. Nomenclatural notes: — Lamourouxia tenuifolia was described by Martens & Galeotti (1845) citing the specimen Galeotti 992 with no herbarium. Robinson & Greenman (1895) mentioned that the species was collected by Galeotti, but no collection number was given. Ernst (1972) cited duplicates in BR, G, and W as “type specimens” omitting the corresponding lectotypification. Specimen in W was not located in the online database of this herbarium. Here, the specimen in BR was designated as lectotype because it is the best conserved, having a larger amount of leaves and two mature flowers, against few leaves and one mature flower and two immature flowers and two floral buds. Lamourouxia tenuifolia was described originally by Greenman (1900) citing two collections: V. González & C. Conzatti 760, and C. Conzatti 965. It was selected as lectotype the first collection due to it being the only with online access in GBIF for future consults. No data was found of the latter. Of the lectotype there are three specimens, having the GH00022184! specimen the largest flowers and largest amount of leaves. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Acatepec, along the Milpillas-Atoyac road via Puerto del Gallo about 56.5 miles southwest of Mexico Highway 95, about 19.5 miles southwest of Carrazal del Bravo and 3 miles north of Yerba Santa, 17 October 1975, Reveal et al. 4275 (MEXU!, US!). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, on road to San Vicente S of Omiltemi, 18 October 1984, Breedlove 61868 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: Comaltepec, S. de Comaltepec, 11 September 1988, López & Martin 272 (MEXU!, MO). Ixtlán de Juárez, June 1906, Conzatti s.n. (ENCB!). San Ildefonso Villa Alta, Cerro de Yalina, June 1899, Conzatti s.n. (GH!); Villa Alta, April 1949, Paray 122 (MEXU!). San Juan Quiotepec, Santa María Totomoxtla, a 1 km del crucero o a 5 km del pueblo, 2931 m, 19 June 2002, Torres-Colín 16459 (MEXU!). Santiago Laxopa, June 1842, Liebmann 9393 (L!, US!). Santiago Xiacuí, 9 east of Calpulalpam, 12 September 1980, Martin 161 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO). Along trail from San Pedro Nolasco to Llano Verde, 2000–2200 m, 22 July 1973, McPherson 812 (ENCB!); on mountains ridges between Teotitlán del Camino & Huautla de Jiménez, 08 July 1972, Webster et al. 17278 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Martens, M. & Galeotti, H. G. (1845) Enumeratio synoptica plantarum phanerogamicarum ab Henrico Galeotti in regionibus Mexicanis collectarum. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-lettres de Bruxelles 12: 15 - 36.","Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Greenman, J. M. (1900) New species and varieties of Mexican plants. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 35 (16): 307 - 315."]}

25. Lamourouxia xalapensis Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 338–339. 1818. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 42):— MEXICO, Crescit in declivitate orientali montium Mexicanorum prope urbem Xalapa, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (Lectotype: P00670479!) = Lamourouxia spathacea Bentham. Prodr. 10: 539. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, Pic d’Orizaba, 1838, J.J. Linden 226 pro parte (Lectotype: K000533716!; isolectotype: MICH1108007!). = Lamourouxia parviflora Bentham ex Hemsley. Biol. Centr. - Amer., Bot. 2(12): 465. 1882. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. no date, Tate s.n. (Lectotype: K000533719!). = Lamourouxia exserta Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci., ser. 4 50(296): 171. 1895. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Rich ravines, Sierra de Clavellinas, 9000 ft, 18 October 1894, C.G. Pringle 4995 (Lectotype: MEXU00031628!; isolectotypes: BR0000005423385!, CAS0003143!, CM260460!, E00394557!, ENCB0003596!, G00356746!, GH00078571!, GOET011027!, JE00019792!, K000533721!, MSC0092236!, MIN1359268!, MO-1458734!, NY90604!, RSA0006027!, US 00125699!, US01095129!). Figure 16 A–E. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 400 cm long, stems branched along the plant, reclining or prostrate, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, stipulate, stipules 3–7 mm long, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 16–63 × 3–20 mm, margin serrate, 13–30 teeth per side, teeth 0.4–1 mm long; apex acute, base cuneate. Inflorescence a raceme with inverted flowers, arching forward, pedicels thin, sometimes curved or helicoidal, 2–12 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate to narrowly rhomboid, 18–39 × 7–14 mm, margin serrate, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx tubular without dots on the surface, 10–21 × 4–6 mm, lobes triangular to lanceolate, 1.5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, glabrous. Corolla funnelform, slightly curved, 28–48 × 5–11 mm, upper lip 7–16 mm long, lower lip 5–12 mm long, lobes 4–5 × 0.3–1 mm; orange to red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 24– 44 mm long, anthers 3 mm long. Styles up to 60 mm long, stigma bilobed. Capsule ovoid, 9–16 × 4–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds square to rectangular, 2–3 × 0.2 mm with reticulate coat. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to the city of Xalapa, Mexico. Common name: —Chupamiel de montaña. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia xalapensis is distributed in Mexico and Guatemala. In Mexico the species inhabits the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz. It was also reported for the state of Tlaxcala in the platform iNaturalist (www.naturalista.mx/ observations/2473294), but no herbarium specimens were found (Fig. 16A). The species is commonly found in cloud forests (Pinus, Alnus, Liquidambar styraciflua, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon), the edge of roads in pine and oak forests (Pinus pseudostrobus with Quercus laurina), pine forests (P. pseudostrobus), and deciduous forests at elevations from 1320 to 3300 m. Phenology: —The flowering season spreads from June to April, most collections were made from September to January. Fruits were generally collected in winter and spring. Nomenclatural notes: — Lamourouxia spathacea was originally described by Bentham (1846) citing two collections: Galeotti 1007 bis, and Linden 226. The collection Galeotti 1007 bis is not to be confused with Galeotti 1007, which is the lectotype of L. linearis, a synonym of L. dasyantha. To avoid nomenclatural confusion with the Galeotti’s collections, it was selected as lectotype the collection Linden 226. Regarding Linden 226, the plants of the lectotype (K000533716!) and isolectotype (MICH1108007!) belong to L. spathacea. The same collection includes a plant of Sisyrinchium scabrum Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1831: 57) (labeled with barcode K000363140!). The latter plant shares a gathering on the same sheet with other specimens of S. scabrum from different collectors (labeled with barcodes K000363137!, K000363138!, and K000363139!). For this reason, the duplicate K000363140! of Linden 226, can not be considered as isolectotype. Lamourouxia exserta was described by Robinson & Greenman (1895) including five collections: Bourgeau 986, Schaffner 367, Pringle 4995, Nelson 2216, and Nelson 2261, all with many duplicates. Ernst (1972) cited the same collections no lectotypifing and designing a lectotype. Here, the collection Pringle 4995 was selected as lectotype by having more specimens worldwide distributed. Lamourouxia parviflora was described by Hemsley (1882) with two collections: Mairet 56 and Tate 31 in K. Both specimens are stems with mature leaves and floral buds. Tate 31 was selected as lectotype because it has small fragments of calyx and flowers contained in the paper envelope of the specimen. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: San Cristobal de las Casas, east side of Zonthehuitz near summit, 2800 m, 08 November 1971, Breedlove & Smith 22045 (ENCB!). Estado de México: Amecameca, cañada del Cerro Venacho, 8 km al E de Amecameca, 3000 m, 23 December 1976, García 271 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MO); carretera al Paso de Cortés, 13 km al E del entronque con la carretera Amecameca-Cuautla, Mor. 9.5 km al SE de Amecameca, 3120 m, 03 December 1976, Koch 76305 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO); 12 km al E de Amecameca, Rojas 132 (ENCB!). Atautla, km 75 de la carretera a Tlamacas, en las faldas del Popocatépetl, 2800 m, 22 November 1964, Rzedowski 19167 (MEXU!). Donato Guerra, Camino a Llano Redondo, ejido San Juan Xoconuxco, 2500 m, 26 December 2005, Cornejo-Tenorio et al. 1728 (MEXU!). Ocuilán, Laguna de Zempoala, 2955 m, 01 November 1987, Castañeda-Robles 885 (MEXU!); carr. Zempoala-Huitzilac km 4–11, 2890 m, 01 December 1987, Castañeda-Robles 991 (MEXU!). San José Villa de Allende, a 2.3 km al NE de Mesas Altas de Xoconusco, 2582 m, 05 November 14592, D. Álvarez 14592 (MEXU!, MO). Tlalmanalco, 4 km al E de San Rafael, 2750 m, 27 October 1974, Rzedowski 32459 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Colonia de San Rafael, 2700 m, 20 November 1980, A. Ventura 3777 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Guanajuato: Dolores Hidalgo, 13 km al ENE de Guanajuato, 2350 m, 07 September 1987, Galván & Galván 2783 (ENCB!). Guerrero: Atoyac de Álvarez, 2 km al NE del campamento El Gallo, estribaciones suroccidentales del Cerro Teotepec, 2650 m, 27–29 January 1965, Rzedowski & McVaugh 131 (ENCB!). Chichihualco, Asoleadero, about 15 km west of Camotla, 2650 m, 02 December 1963, Feddema 2860 (ENCB!). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, eastern slopes of Cerro Alquitrán, 5–7 km west-southwest of Mazatlán, 2540 m, 11 February 1970, W.R.Anderson & C. Anderson 5723 (ENCB!); Cerro Alquitrán, cerca de Mazatlán, 2600 m, 06 December 1966, Rzedowski 23669 (ENCB!). General Heliodoro Castillo, NE side of Cerro Teotepec along the road from Filo del Caballo to Puerto El Gallo, 2590 m, 20 October 1984, Breedlove 61930 (MEXU!); La Guitarra, 6.26 km al SO, camino a Puerto del Gallo, 3100 m, 01 November 1998, Cruz 3470 (MEXU!); 2 km al N de El Jilguero, 2610 m, 16 January 1999, Cruz 3538 (MEXU!). Leonardo Bravo, Puerto Soleare, aproximadamente 7 km delante de Carrizal de Bravo, 2550 m, 11 March 1998, Fonseca 2447A (MEXU!); 14 km al SE de Balsamar, Soto 7407 (MEXU!). Malinaltepec, Ojo de Agua de Cuauhtemoc, 26 December 2012, Cándido 125 (IBUG!). Metlatónoc, Xatu Yahta, al W de Coicoyán, terreno de Atzompa, 2700 m, 13 February 1988, Ávila 204 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec de Mejía, Cerro Teotepec, 40 km north of Coyuca de Benitez, 3200–3500 m, 05 December 1963, Feddema 2930 (ENCB!, MO); 19.5 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo, camino Atoyac-Filo de Caballo, 2900 m, 23 November 1983, Martínez & Barrie 5635 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!); a 30 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo, camino Atoyac-Filo de Caballo, 2650 m, 23 November 1983, Martínez & Barrie 5667 (MEXU!, MO); Camino Filo de Caballo-Atoyac, 79 km al SO Filo de Caballo (22 km al SO de Higueros), 3080 m, 19 October 1982, Koch & Fryxell 82121 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Hidalgo: Tenango de Doria, 13 km al SSO, 2150 m, 19 November 1982, Acosta & Barrios 256 (MEXU!, ENCB!); camino de Tenango a Metepec, a 2 km al S, 1760 m, 10 November 1985, Lorence & HernándezMagaña 4934 (MEXU!, MO). Tianguistengo, 2 km al oeste, 1700 m, 08 November 1980, Hernández 5375 (MEXU!, US!); 5 km al oeste, 2000 m, 21 December 1981, Hernández-Magaña 6903 (MEXU!). Jalisco: Ciudad Guzmán, ladera de exposición N del Nevado de Colima, 3000 m, 14 October 1984, R. González s.n. (XAL!). Jocotepec, Cerro Viejo, paraje denominado el Chiflón, subiendo por la Barranca de Agua Fría frente a Zapotitlán de Hidalgo, 2600 m, 05 March 1989, Cházaro et al. 5867 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!), 2780 m, 25 March 1990, Machuca 6265 (IBUG!). Tuxpan, Parque Nacional Nevado de Colima, brecha El Fresnito-El Nevado km 10, 2856 m, 16 November 2013, Quintero et al. 370 (IBUG!); 8 km al SO del Rancho Las Milanés, brecha al Parque Nacional El Nevado, 2510 m, 20 January 1990, Villa et al. 550 (IBUG!). Venustiano Carranza, Nevado de Colima, al NW de la microonda Las Víboras, 3000 m, 29 January 2006, Cházaro & Vázquez-García 8561 (IBUG!, MEXU!; XAL!). Villa de Purificación, predio Villas de Cacoma, 1362 m, 06 November 2009, Morales et al. 104 (IBUG!). Zapotitlán de Vadillo, subida al Parque Nacional Nevado de Colima, 3363 m, October 2008, J. González 207 (MEXU!). Michoacán: Angangueo, 2 km al SE, camino a El Rosario, 2700 m, 12 January 1984, Soto 6927 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Hidalgo, Mesa del Bosque, 2830 m, 13 December 2002, Madrigal et al. 67 (MEXU!); parte baja del cerro San Andrés, 3000 m, 05 November 2010, Aguilar & Zamudio 261 (MEXU!, XAL!). Queréndaro, alrededores del Puerto de Los Morillos, 2750 m, 07 December 1991, Rzedowski 51370 (IBUG!, MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Zinapécuaro, Laguna Los Azufres, 2900 m, 06 December 1986, Zamudio 5102 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). Zitácuaro, 2.58 km al S del Llano Chivatl-Huacal, en comunidad indígena Carpinteros, 2770 m, 18 November 2004, D. Álvarez et al. 14701 (MEXU!); El Agua, Cerro El Cacique, 2840 m, 19 December 1978, Ibarra 270 (MEXU!). Morelos: Cuernavaca, La Pera, autopista MéxicoCuernavaca, 06 November 1980, Terán 462 (ENCB!). Oaxaca: Atoyac de Álvarez, 16.5 km al E de Nueva Delhi, la cual se encuentra a 84.6 km al E de Atoyac en el camino Atoyac-Puerto Gallo, 01 December 1985, Torres-Colín & Ramamoorthy 7776 (MEXU!). Calpulalpam de Méndez, noroeste del Río Natividad, brecha de Los Embudos, 2370 m, 01 October 2002, Figueroa & Guzmán 317 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Ixtlán de Juárez, mountains north of Ixtlan de Juarez, near road to Tuxtepec, 11 January 1970, Anderson & Anderson 5425 (ENCB!); Cerro Pelón, 43 km al W de Ixtlán, carretera Oaxaca-Tuxtepec, Campos et al. 5116 (MEXU!). Mazatlán Villa de Flores, San Pedro de los Encinos, 2328 m, 22 November 2001, Munn & Mendoza 1664 (XAL!). Mixistlán de la Reforma, 30 km al S de Totontepec, 2600 m, 10 November 1983, García-Mendoza et al. 1295 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). San Andrés Chicahuaxtla, near Chicahuaxtla, about 35 km southwest of Tlaxiaco, 07 February 1965, McVaugh 22322 (ENCB!). San Bartolomé Quialana, alrededores del mirador, en la parte más alta del cerro Yuubidan a 4 km de la población, 2850 m, 23 November 2014, AragónParada 931 (MEXU!); vereda que va hacia la segunda montaña hacia el paraje El Pocito al SO del municipio, 2307 m, 02 January 2014, Aragón-Parada 1003 (MEXU!); Cerro Yuubidan (Picacho), parte media del cerro, 3.5 km en línea recta al S de San Bartolomé Quialana, 2510 m, 25 January 2014, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7216 (IBUG!). San Felipe Usila, 8 km en línea recta al S de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla, 2250 m, 20 November 1993, Gallardo et al. 816 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!), 2410 m, 21 December 1993, Gallardo et al. 866 (MEXU!). San Jerónimo Coatlán, 27.8 km al SE de C. de Honduras, brecha a San Jerónimo Coatlán, 2200 m, 28 November 1990, Campos 3416 (MEXU!). San Martín Peras, 25.5 km al SO de Tecomaxtlahuaca carr. a Coycoyan de las Flores, o 1 km de la desviación a San Juan Piñas, 2690 m, 06 Febrero 1993, Campos & Calzada 4931 (MEXU!, MO); después de la desviación a Zochiquilazala y antes de la Y a San Martín Peras y Coycoyán, 2740 m, 06 February 1993, Cházaro et al. 7095 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). San Pablo Macuiltianguis, a 10 km de la entrada por la Puerta del Sol, 2600 m, 05 November 1978, Calzada 4893 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santa María Teopoxco, near Plan de Guadalupe, 35 km west of Huautla on road to Teotitlán, 2200 m, 17 January 1984, Solheim & Reisfield 1387 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santa María Zacatepec, 4 km al NE de la desviación a Zacatepec, 2410 m, 25 October 1987, Torres-Colín & Cortés 10285 (MEXU!, MO); Zacatepec, subida al Cerro Zempoaltepetl por el crucero a Zacatepec, 18 September 1988, Torres-Colín & Martínez 12469 (MEXU!). Santiago Comaltepec, Comaltepec, 18 April 1970, MacDougall s.n. (ENCB!); below Humo Chico, approximately 0.5 km along longging road which goes from highway 175 to Las Cascadas, 2400 m, 30 November 1991, Boyle & Boyle 702 (MEXU!); a 5 km del cerro Humo Chico, carr. a Ixtlán a Valle Nacional, 26 September 1982, Cedillo & Torres 1872 (MEXU!); 4.6 km al N del mirador, brecha 60 a la cascada o 5 km al N de Humo Chico, 26 August 1986, Torres-Colín & Cortés 8687 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Santiago Juxtlahuaca, más o menos 3 km de la desviación a San Martín Peras, camino a Coicoyán de las Flores, 2300–2450 m, 19 December 1994, Carranza 4844 (ENCB!; XAL!). Santiago Macuiltianguis, 4 km al N de Machín, desviación a Comaltepec hacia el camino a Valle Nacional, 1 km al S de Yalax, 26 September 1982, Cedillo & Torres-Colín 1860 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santiago Tetepec, ca. 2 mi N of Cerro Pelón, 3000 m, 30 September 1975, Webster et al. 20287 (MEXU!). Totontepec Villa de Morelos, 1900 m, 05 October 1986, Rivera 472 (MEXU!); Río Toro, a 3 km al N de Totontepec, 1860 m, 25 June 1986, Ramírez & Ramírez 293 (MEXU!), 20 December 1987, Ramírez 659 (MEXU!); 4 km al NW hacia Mitla, 2000 m, 15 December 1985, Torres-Colín et al. 7981 (MEXU!); 2 km al NO de la desviación a Villa Alta, la cual está 8 km al S de Totontepec, 2360 m, 18 January 1986, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 8123 (MEXU!, MO); rumbo a Villa Alta, 16 km al O de Totontepec, 1860 m, 14 September 1986, Ramirez & Ramírez 509 (MEXU!); 13 km al N de la desviación a Villa Alta, camino a Villa Alta, 2120 m, 17 September 1988, Torres-Colín & Martínez 12423 (MEXU!); Tepitongo, 1700 m, 05 September 1987, Velasco & Martin 82 (MEXU!). Zimatlán de Álvarez, El Tlacuache, San Pedro El Alto, 2420 m, 23 November 1998, Miranda & Hernández 708 (ENCB!). Upper slopes of Sierra Juarez, 27 km N of Ixtlán on road to Tuxtepec, 2500 m, 16–17 September 1965, Roe & Roe 1969 (ENCB!); 25 km al S de La Esperanza, 01 October 1979, Téllez & Martínez 1062 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Puebla: Coyomeapan, paredones 4 km al SE, 2430 m, 28 September 1984, Tenorio 7516 (MEXU!). Tecamachalco, El Ocotal, 2320 m, 10 July 1972, F. Ventura 5706 (ENCB!, US!). Teziutlán, Arroyo Frío, 1450 m, 02 August 1980, F. Ventura 17652 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tlatlauquitepec, La Unión, 12 km al NE de Tlatlauquitepec, carr. a Mazatepec, 1670 m, 22 October 1987, Tenorio et al. 14267 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Zacapoaxtla, Puente Porfirio Díaz, 1.5 km al S de Zacapoaxtla, 1750 m, 18 November 1985, Tenorio et al. 10660 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Acatlán, La Presita, 1650 m, 18 December 1982, F. Ventura 19842 (ENCB!, XAL!). Altotonga, Champilico, 1800 m, 19 November 1969, F. Ventura 59 (ENCB!); Taxacasco, 1750 m, 20 November 1969, F. Ventura 78 (ENCB!). Atzalan, La Florida, 1720 m, 08 December 1971, F. Ventura 4655 (ENCB!). Camerino Z. Mendoza, Ciudad Mendoza, De Palo Verde a la Roca del Águila, 4–5 km al N de Ciudad Mendoza, 26 October 1997, Cházaro et al. 7759 (IBUG!). Chiconquiaco, Rincón Grande spot, 5 km SE of Chinconquiaco towards Buenavista, 1950 m, 29 December 1989, Cházaro et al. 6152 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); ladera E de Cerro La Totola, 21 November 1988, Gutiérrez 3367 (XAL!). Coatepec, Loma Alta, 1900 m, 11 December 1993, Luna 936 (XAL!). Jalacingo, Ocotepec, 1750 m, 07 September 1977, F. Ventura 14431 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!). Naolinco, cascada de La Ermita, 1650 m, 07 November 2015, Cházaro 10866 (XAL!). Tonayán, Congregación de Ixtapán, en la Sierra de Chiconquiaco, 1600 m, 28 November 1975, Calzada 2122 (ENCB!, US!, XAL!). Xico, cañada a un lado de Buenavista, 2200 m, 25 December 1987, Cházaro et al. 5261 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!); fondo de la barranca El Caracol, 2200 m, 20 April 1983, Narave & Vázquez 422 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Bentham, G. (1846) Lamourouxia. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 10: 539 - 542.","Schlechtendal, D. & Chamisso, A. (1831) Plantarum mexicanarum Schiede et Deppe collectarum. Linnaea 6: 352 - 384.","Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Hemsley, W. B. (1882) Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Vol. II. R. H. Porter & Dulau & Co., London, 576 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730"]}

4. Lamourouxia colimae Ernst & Baad. Madroño 20: 342. 1970[1971]. Type:— MEXICO. Colima: mountain summits near pass. ca. 11 miles south-southwest of Colima on Manzanillo Road, 500 m, 21 September 1958, R. McVaugh, H.F. Loveland & R.W. Pippen 18077 (Holotype: MICH1108003!) Figure 5 D–F. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 170 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic to lanceolate or ovate, 9–26 × 3–10 mm, margin dentate generally in the upper half, 3–6 teeth per side, teeth ca. 2 mm; apex acute or obtuse, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 3–4 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, oblong to lanceolate, 2.5–9.6 × 2.3–3.4 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse to truncate, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 6–8.1 × 4–5.6 mm, lobes lanceolate to broadly triangular, 4–6 × 1.5–2.3 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous or microscopically papillate. Corolla tubular, 26–35 × 5.7–8.4 mm, upper lip 12–16.5 mm, lower lip 13–15 mm long, lobes 1–1.2 × 1 mm; red scarlet, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair ca. 32 mm long, anthers ca. 3 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style ca. 30 mm long. Stigma apparently bilobed, ca. 1 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 7–11 mm long, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name colimae refers to the city of Colima, located in the homonym state, where the holotype of the species was collected. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is distributed in tropical deciduous forests, a rare type of vegetation for the genus, and at lower elevations than the typically known for Lamourouxia species, ranging from 450 to 500 m. Lamourouxia colimae is only known from two close localities, which are located at the summit of calcareous mountains near the city of Colima, Mexico (Fig. 5F), where the vegetation is dominated by diverse legumes (Bursera and Cnidoscolus Pohl (1827: 56–63) spp. The species is very rare and only two specimens are known, one of them is in Mexico (IBUG). Phenology: —The holotype collected in September 1958 possesses mature flowers and floral buds with absence of fruits. The second known specimen, collected in October 1984, shows mature infructescences with few deciduous corollas. Notes: — The species has not been collected in the last three decades, and two specimens were stored in herbaria from the United States during this taxonomic revision. The species was looked for at the type locality in 2019, but it was not found. Examined specimens:— MEXICO. Colima: 18 km al SE de Colima, carr. Colima a Manzanillo, 450 m, 31 October 1984, Santana & Cervantes 900 (IBUG!, MEXU!). [Coquimatlán] mountain summits near pass. ca. 11 miles south-southwest of Colima on Manzanillo Road, 500 m, 21 September 1958, McVaugh et al. 18077 (MICH!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Pohl, J. B. E. (1827) Plantarum Brasiliae Icones et Descriptiones. Vol. 1. Antonii Strauss, Vindobonae [Vienna], 149 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 451"]}

Morphological keys based on reproductive characters for Lamourouxia sections present in Mexico (adapted from Ernst 1972) 1. Stamens almost equal in shape and length raising the apex of the corolla; four anthers fertile and similar in size, connivent near the apex of the corolla or exserted........................................................................................................................... Section Lamourouxia - Stamens strongly unequal, one pair of filaments near the apex of the corolla and other pair shorter near the half of the length of the corolla; two large anthers fertile near the apex of the corolla, two smaller included anthers rudimentary, fertile or sterile, deeply included or absent...............................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Fertile anthers four, the smaller pair rarely sterile.............................................................................................. Section Hemispadon - Fertile anthers two, the smaller pair rarely fertile or absent................................................................................ Section Adelphidion Morphological keys based on vegetative and reproductive characters to the Lamourouxia species present in Mexico Section Adelphidion Section with four species with disjunct distribution. Two species distributed in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Two endemic species from central Mexico: 1. Leaves linear to subulate, margin entire or minutely incised; calyx with black or brown dots on surface; calyx lobes with margin entire................................................................................................................................................................................ L. dasyantha - Leaves ovate, margin dentate; calyx without dots on surface; calyx lobes with margin dentate................................ L. brachyantha Section Hemispadon Section with 15 species distributed from northern Mexico to Panama. 14 species are distributed in Mexico, 11 of them are endemic. 1. Plants with inflorescences reclined and inverted flowers.................................................................................................... L. barbata - Plants with inflorescences erect and flowers not inverted..................................................................................................................2 2. Calyx lobes with margin dentate............................................................................................................................... L. rhinanthifolia - Calyx lobes with margin entire...........................................................................................................................................................3 3. Leaves coriaceous or strongly coriaceous..........................................................................................................................................4 - Leaves membranous or papyraceous..................................................................................................................................................5 4. Leaves pilose, non-glandular........................................................................................................................................... L. avendanoi - Leaves glandular-tomentose................................................................................................................................................. L. viscosa 5. Leaves 29–38 mm width....................................................................................................................................................... L. smithii - Leaves 2–25 mm width......................................................................................................................................................................6 6. Pedicels claviform............................................................................................................................................................... L. gracilis - Pedicels slender..................................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Leaves with margin entire............................................................................................................................................. L. integerrima - Leaves with margin crenate to dentate or serrate...............................................................................................................................8 8. Calyx lobes 10–12 mm long; lobes of the lower lip of the corolla 4.3–9 mm long.......................................................... L. jaliscana - Calyx lobes 1–8.2 mm long; lobes of the lower lip of the corolla 1–4 mm long...............................................................................9 9. Calyx tubular....................................................................................................................................................................................10 - Calyx campanulate...........................................................................................................................................................................11 10. Leaves with base attenuate to cuneate, one type of bracts along inflorescence.................................................................. L. nelsonii - Leaves with base truncate, two types of bracts along inflorescence................................................................................... L. pacifica 11. Leaves 6–10 mm long.................................................................................................................................................. L. microphylla - Leaves 10–32 mm long....................................................................................................................................................................12 12. Corolla 26–35 mm long....................................................................................................................................................... L. colimae - Corolla 40–55 mm long....................................................................................................................................................................13 13. Leaves 3–8 mm width, two types of bracts along inflorescence........................................................................................... L. dispar - Leaves 1–1.3 mm width, one type of bracts along inflorescence..................................................................................... L. tenuifolia Section Lamourouxia Section with 12 species distributed from northern Mexico to Guatemala. 11 species distributed in Mexico, eight of them are endemic. 1. Plants with inflorescences reclined and inverted flowers...................................................................................................................2 - Plants with Inflorescences erect and flowers not inverted.................................................................................................................3 2. Bracts orbicular to broadly elliptic.......................................................................................................................................... L. ovata - Bracts lanceolate to narrowly rhomboid.......................................................................................................................... L. xalapensis 3. Leaves deeply divided....................................................................................................................................................... L. multifida - Leaves entire.......................................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Pedicels 9–21 mm long......................................................................................................................................................................5 - Pedicels 1–7 mm long........................................................................................................................................................................6 5. Stems woody, pedicels s-shaped, leaves lanceolate to elliptic...................................................................................... L. stenoglossa - Stems herbaceous, pedicels arching forward, leaves broadly ovate............................................................................... L. macrantha 6. Leaves 28–56 mm long, plants restricted to northwestern Mexico................................................................................. L. longiflora - Leaves 7–25 mm long, plants distributed in central and southern Mexico........................................................................................7 7. Leaves with margin entire o crenulate around the leaf.......................................................................................................................8 - Leaves with margin crenate or dentate only in the upper half of the leaf..........................................................................................9 8. Leaves and fruits hispidulous non-glandular....................................................................................................................... L. paneroi - Leaves glandular-pubescent and fruits glabrous................................................................................................................. L. pringlei 9. Bracts 4–10 mm long, calyx campanulate........................................................................................................................ L. parayana - Bracts 10–20 mm long, calyx tubular............................................................................................................................... L. zimapana, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

20. Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 337. 1817[1818]). Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 51):— MEXICO, Crescit locis temperatis Novae Hispaniae prope pagos Magdalena, Actopan et Sancta Rosa de la Sierra, alt. 1040–1300 hex, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland 4274 (Lectotype: P00670476!) Figure 13 D–H. Herbs up to 150 cm tall, stems frequently solitary or branched at base, rarely branched along the plant, herbaceous, pubescent, non-glandular, rarely glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic to narrowly ovate, 14–52 × 6–28 mm, margin serrate to dentate, 6–21 teeth per side, teeth 1–2.5 mm long; apex obtuse, base rounded to auriculate; papyraceous to membranous, glandular-pubescent to scarcely hirsute. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 1–6 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, elliptic to ovate, 16–28 × 7–16 mm, margin dentate, 8–21 teeth per side, teeth 0.9–12 mm long, apex obtuse, base auriculate to rounded. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–12 × 6–11 mm, lobes triangular to ovate, 3.5–5.5 × 3–4.5 mm, margin dentate or irregularly lacerate, 1–3 teeth each side, teeth 1.2–1.8 mm long, apex acute, pubescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 38–68 × 8–12 mm, upper lip 15–26 mm long, lower lip 17–19 mm long, lobes 3–4 mm long; light pink or orange to red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 25–42 mm long, anthers 4 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 36–55 mm, stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid, 9–13 × 6–8 mm. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to the similitude with the leaves of Rhinanthus Linnaeus (1753: 603). Common name: —Guiêe-dzóng, guizh-guiêe-dzong (Oaxaca, Zapoteco language). Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from Mexico. It is distributed in the states of Aguascalientes, Ciudad de México, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoacán, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Sinaloa, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Zacatecas (Fig. 13H). The habitats of Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia are oak forests (with Cupressus Linnaeus (1753: 1002), pine forests (Pinus lumholtzii), pine and oak forests (P. engelmanii with Quercus durifolia Seemen in Loesener (1900: 95); Arbutus, Yucca, and Dasylirion spp.), grasslands, and is rare in cloud forests or riparian vegetation (with Platanus Linnaeus (1753: 999). The elevational range of the taxon is from 1470 to 2900 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting season from January to October. Examined specimens:— MEXICO. Aguascalientes: Asientos, Hacienda Gallardo, El Llavero, 2500 m, 29 July 2016, Cházaro 11011 (XAL!, XALU!). Ciudad de México: Álvaro Obregón, Parque Ecológico La Loma, 2450 m, 19 July 2004, Rivera-Hernández & Espinosa 3912 (MEXU!). Gustavo A. Madero, La Armella, a 1880 m LR en dirección SO del Picacho El Fraile, 2660 m, 15 June 2006, Espinosa & Rivera-Hernández 337 (MEXU!); km 16. Carr. México-Ajusco, 04 August 1987, Jiménez et al. s.n. (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tlalpan, 4 km al E de Ajusco, 23 July 1967, Aguirre 43 (ENCB!), 2730 m, 23 June 1968, Núñez 82 (ENCB!); Reserva del Pedregal de San Ángel, 2300 m, 21 May 1997, Carrizosa & Saavedra 148 (MEXU!); a 300 m SE LR de la casa UNAM, 2600 m, 23 August 2005, Espinosa et al. 142 (MEXU!); cerca del cerro Conejo, al ENE de Ajusco, 23 July 1967, López-Guazo s.n. (ENCB!); Pedregal de San Ángel, al sur del km 37 de la vía del ferrocarril, 2600 m, 02 July 1952, Rzedowski 1269 (ENCB!). Chihuahua: Balleza, Mex. Highway 24 (road to El Vergel), 103.5 (74 airline) km southwest of Hidalgo del Parral, at a pass, 2500 m, 02 September 1975, Holmgren & Lowrey 8051 (MEXU!). Durango: Canatlán, Ejido Hermenegildo Galeana, 2580 m, 17 September 1981, Pérez 850 (ENCB!). Durango, north slope of canyon of the Rio Chico, 18 miles west of Durango route #40, 24 July 1958, Correll & Johnston 20068 (ASU!, MEXU!); 19 km SW of Durango along Highway 40 to Mazatlan, 2200 m, 22 August 1975, G. Davidse & J. Davidse 10030 (MEXU!); Ejido San José de Ánimas, Cordón del Indio, 2170 m, 23 August 2001, García 4067 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); Otinapa road, along railroad tracks, 15.8 km from El Pino, 22.5 km airline km west of Durango, 2330 m, 03 September 1975, Holmgren & Lowrey 8056 (COLO!, MEXU!); 2.3 mi NE El Soldado by Mex 40 Hwy, 26 August 1965, Kral 25728 (ENCB!); along Rte 40, 8 mi E of Los Mimbres, 26 July 1972, McGill et al. P9427 (ENCB!). Mezquital, 24 km al SE del Troncón, sobre camino a Temoaya, 2350 m, 24 October 1982, Fernández 1202 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!, MEXU!); camino Agua Zarca-Temoaya, 11 August 1982, González 461 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!); 3.5 km de la Laguna del Chivo por el camino a San Antonio, 2140 m, 30 July 1986, González & Galván 2009 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); 1 km de Temoaya, por el camino a El Mezquital, 1350 m, 02 October 1984, González et al. 2971 (ENCB!); 5 km de El Mezquital por el camino a Guadalajara, 1700 m, 03 October 1984, González et al. 3092 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!). Pueblo Nuevo, 10 km northeast of El Palmito along Mexican highway 40, 2250 m, 05 August 1980, Breedlove & Almeda 45035 (ENCB!); El Salto, a 11 km de la desv. hacia San Miguel de Cruces, 2200 m, 06 July 1982, Hernández-Magaña & Tenorio 7705 (MEXU!); Ejido Adolfo Ruiz C., 2050 m, June 1992, Martínez 444 (MEXU!); Cerro Chupadero, 45 miles south of El Salto and just west of Pueblo Nuevo, 25 July 1955, Maysilles 8199 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); along Mexico Highway 40, about 78 miles west of Durango and 124 miles east of Mazatlan, 5.3 miles west of El Salto, 26 September 1973, Reveal & Atwood 3475 (MEXU!, US!); 7–8 miles west of Buenos Aires on Mazatlan-Durango road, 2700 m, 05 August 1959, Straw & Forman 1789 (MEXU!); El Salto, Borbollones, al W de La Ciudad, 2400 m, 01 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6110 (MEXU!); 60 km from Durango on road to Mazatlan, Hwy 40, 15 August 1965, Weber 37 (ENCB!, MEXU!). San Dimas, Las Bufas, El Maguey, 1800 m, 25 July 2000, Alvarado 18 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); km 11 camino a San Miguel de Cruces o a 11 km al N del entronque del camino Durango-Mazatlán-San Miguel de Cruces, 04 August 1987, Téllez et al. 10646 (MEXU!). Súchil, Cañada de Nana Juana, Rancho La Cebolla, 11 August 1985, González 3199 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); Mesa El Burro, Reserva de la Biosfera La Michilía, 2700 m, 18 September 1985, González 3226 (CIIDIR!, IBUG!); km 31.9 del camino Súchil-San Juan de Michis, al SW de Súchil, 2040 m, 16 September 2005, Harker et al. 2874 (IBUG!). Tepehuanes, a 30 km, sobre el camino Tepehuanes-Guanacevi, 01 September 1989, Benítez 785 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); 3 km de Boleras, rumbo a La Candela, 2400 m, 01 September 1989, Bravo 181 (CIIDIR!, IBUG!, MEXU!); Mesa del Pino Triste, 24 km de Tepehuanes hacia El Huacal, Bravo 306 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); Buenos Aires, 36 km al W de Tepehuanes por la brecha a Topia, 22 July 1982, Tenorio & Romero 1206 (MEXU!, MO). Santiago Papasquiaro, about 22 air km WNW Santiago Papasquiaro, 3.3. mi by Topia Rd. from Jct. rd. to antenna at E edge crest of Sierra, 25 August 1983, Corral & Worthington 694 (COLO!). Estado de México: Atizapán de Zaragoza, 3 km al NW, 05 June 1966, Cruz 639 (ENCB!). Huehuetoca, Carr. Jorobas-Tula km 4 lado E, 2300 m, 19 July 1981, Romero-Rojas 1504 (ENCB!). Isidro Fabela, 10 km al E de Santiago Tlazala, 20 June 1971, Jimenez 36 (ENCB!). Jilotzingo, Cerro Chiluca, cerca de Ayucan, August 1952, Paray 177 (ENCB!). Naucalpan de Juárez, colonia Lomas del Huizachal, 2400 m, 15 August 1966, Bolaños 29 (ENCB!); 5 km al W de Chimalpa, carretera México-Toluca vía Naucalpan, 2700 m, June 1967, Hidalgo & Anda s.n. (ENCB!). Nicolás Romero, 1 km al S de Cahuacán, 2600 m, 27 June 1963, Rzedowski 16823 (ENCB!); San Pedro, 2200 m, 12 August 1978, A. Ventura 3226 (MEXU!). Otumba, 20 km al NE de Texcoco, 2800 m, 09 June 1968, Brizuela 263 (ENCB!). Sultepec, Real de Abajo, 1700 m, 21 September 1953, Matuda 29187 (MEXU!). Tepetlaoxtoc, 19 km al E de Texcoco y 1 km al S de la carretera Texcoco-Calpulalpam, 2850 m, 28 October 1976, García 127 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tepotzotlán, presa de La Concepción, 07 August 1966, Quiñones s.n. (MEXU!); Tepotzotlán, cerca de la Presa de la Concepción, 2400 m, 07 August 1966, Rebolledo s.n. (ENCB!). Texcoco, lado sur de la Cañada de Aguas, 13.5 km al SE de Texcoco (11 km ESE de Coatlinchán), 2740 m, 05 August 1977, García 362 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MO). Several miles south of Ixtlahuaca on Mex Hwy 71, 21 July 1957, Straw & Gregory 995 (MEXU!). Guanajuato: Dolores Hidalgo, 7 km al NE de Santa Rosa, 2530 m, 11 September 1992, Galván & Galván 3999 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); 13 km al ENE de Guanajuato, 2350 m, 07 September 1987, R. Galván & J.D. Galván 2783 (MEXU!). Guanajuato, 19.4 miles west of Dolores Hidalgo, at km 23, 2380 m, 07 August 1968, W.R. Anderson & C. Anderson 5060 (ENCB!); Sierra de Santa Rosa, +– 6 km de Santa Rosa camino a Dolores Hidalgo, 2600 m, 22 August 1996, Carranza & Zepeda 5016 (XAL!); 22 km E Guanajuato, 2320 m, 16 August 1965, Detling 9626 (ASU, ENCB!); Cañada de la Virgen, camino a Los Lirios saliendo del Agua Sabrosa, 10 August 1997, Martínez 458 (MEXU!); Carr. Guanajuato-Dolores Hgo. km 85, 2620 m, 23 August 1998, Martínez 998 (MEXU!); between Valenciana and Santa Rosa, km 17–18 on road from Guanajuato to Dolores Hidalgo, 19 August 1948, Moore Jr. & Wood Jr. 4779 (MEXU!). León, 22 km al NE, sobre la carretera a San Felipe, 2500 m, 28 August 1994, Rzedowski 52363 (MEXU!, XAL!). Ocampo, 4 km al SW de La Escondida, 2300 m, 30 July 1994, Rzedowski 52218 (ENCB!, XAL!). Victoria, Cerro El Rosario, por Joya Fría, 2200 m, 17 October 1991, E. Ventura & López 2705 (MEXU!); Los Sauces de Higueras, 2300 m, 09 August 1990, E. Ventura & López 8507 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Guerrero: Chichihualco, Filo de Caballo, 2250 m, 18 October 1983, Martínez et al. 4897 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO). Eduardo Neri, Cerro El Ocotal, 1.4 km al SE de Amatitilán, 1740 m, 11 August 1994, Monroy 401 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec, 3 km al NE de Cruz de Ocote, 2040 m, 17 August 1985, Soto 10023 (MEXU!). Hidalgo: Ajacuba, “Rincón del Agua”, al SE del poblado de Ajacuba, vertiente N de la Sierra del Monte Alto de Temoaya, 2400 m, 08 August 1993, Díaz et al. 1262, 1263 (MEXU!). Pachuca, 6 km al W de Real del Monte, 2800 m, 04 August 1963, Galván s.n. (ENCB!); 6 km al N de Pachuca, entronque con la carretera que va a Parque Nacional El Chico, 2760 m, 07 August 1981, García 1457 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Real del Monte, Cerro Zumate, Parque Nacional El Chico, 1.5 km N of Hwy. 105, 11.5 km by road NE of Pachuca, 2800–2850 m, 02 July 1978, Cochrane et al. 8476 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!); 2 km al NE de Tezoantla, 2900 m, 10 August 1975, García 417 (ENCB!); 2 km al WSW de Real del Monte, 2800 m, 14 June 1975, Medina 381 (ENCB!). Tepeapulco, Cerro de Santa Ana, 28 August 1975, A. Ventura 184 (MEXU!), 25 September 1975, 323 (ASU, ENCB!, MEXU!), 27 July 1976, 1909 (MEXU!), 08 September 1976, 2078 (ENCB!, MEXU!), 13 October 1976, 2294 (ENCB!), 2950–3025 m, 19 June 1966, West B-12 (ENCB!). Jalisco: Huejuquilla El Alto, 15 km al NE de Huejuquilla, 2150 m, 22 August 1975, Puig 6532 (ENCB!). San Sebastián del Oeste, 20 km al SW del poblado, brecha Mascota-San Sebastián, 1500 m, 05 February 1985, Flores & Cervantes 184 (IBUG!). Zapopan, Los Guayabos, 1471 m, 27 March 2007, Hernández et al. 737 (IBUG!). Michoacán: Contepec, Cerro Altamirano, 2370 m, 16 September 2005, Cornejo-Tenorio & Salinas 1651 (IBUG!), 2590 m, 26 September 2005, Ibarra-Manríquez & Cornejo-Tenorio 4990 (MEXU!). Maravatío, 1 km de Santa Ana, camino a San Miguel, 2400 m, 21 August 1991, Díaz et al. 6842 (MEXU!); Cerro Gordo, 12 km carretera Maravatío-Contepec, 2600 m, 09August 1986, Santos 1588 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!). Tlalpujahua de Rayón, cerro Peña Blanca, ejido San Francisco de los Reyes, 2850 m, 21 June 1986, Zamudio & García 3965 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). Nayarit: Nayar, 14.4 km al SW de Santa Teresa, camino a La Mesa del Nayar, 2240 m, 26 September 1989, Flores-Franco & Tenorio 1404 (MEXU!); 12 km al N de Linda Vista, camino a Santa Teresa, 2250 m, 03 August 1990, Flores-Franco et al. 2214 (MEXU!, MO). Nuevo León: Arramberri, Cerro El Viejo, 2100 m, 16 June 1993, Hinton 22927 (MEXU!). Galeana, Agua Blanca to San Miguel, 1985 m, 28 August 1991, Hinton et al. 21298 (GBH!). Zaragoza, Cerro El Viejo, 1900 m, 07 July 1992, Hinton et al. 22129 (GBH!). Lower San Francisco Canyon, 10 June 1934, C.H. Mueller & M.T. Mueller 765 (MEXU!); Sierra El Soldado, camino a San Antonio Peña Nevada-Puerto Pinos, 24 August 1989, Villareal et al. 4937 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: Ixtlán de Juárez, Sierra de Juárez, Rancho Vivero Teja a 3 km al N de Ixtlán, 2250 m, 28 July 1985, Lorence 4602 (MEXU!, MO); about 3 km east of Ixtlán de Juárez, on the road to Xiacui, 24 July 1983, Tucker 2183 (ENCB!). San Francisco Teopan, Cerro Pericón, 5 km al N de San Pedro Nopala, 2000 m, 06 July 1986, García-Mendoza et al. 2341 (MEXU!, MO). San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, 7.1 km al E de Río Blanco rumbo a Santa Catarina Ocotlán, 2467 m, 28 June 2007, Ayala et al. 2297 (MEXU!); Cerro Verde, 5 km al S de Coixtlahuaca, 07 July 1986, García-Mendoza et al. 2398 (MEXU!, MO). San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán, San Pedro Nodón, Loma de Enmedio, al SE de San Pedro Nodón, 08 May 1992, Tenorio 18313 (MEXU!). San Juan Mixtepec, 2 km SSW near C. Cruz family milpa, 2240 m, 07 September 1996, Hunn OAX-104 (MEXU!), 29 June 1997, Hunn OAX-1347 (MEXU!), 08 July 1997, Hunn OAX-1380 (MEXU!). San Juan Teposcolula, along Hwy 190 between Huajuapan de León and Oaxaca, 9 km by road NE of Yanhuitlán, 2150 m, 17 June 1986, Diggs et al. 3836 (MEXU!). San Pablo Villa de Mitla, laderas orientales de la Sierra de La Cumbre, cerca de Mitla, 21 July 1966, Schoenwetter JSOX-36 (ENCB!). Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, 5 km al NW de El Cerezal, carretera a Guelatao de Juárez a Las Ánimas, 2170 m, 29 July 1981, Cedillo et al. 864 (COLO, DES, MEXU!, MO); 10 km southwest of Guelatao de Juárez along Hwy. 175, 13 June 1982, Solheim & Powers 822 (XAL!). Santa María Ixcatlán, cerro de Rascatoro, 2367 m, 23 September 2011, Rangel 1198 (MEXU!); El Agua Fría, al NE de Santa María Ixcatlán, 2034 m, 06 September 2001, Tenorio et al. 20514 (MEXU!). Santiago Laxopa, 2000 m, 30 June 1986, Maldonado & Martin 22 (MEXU!, MO). Santiago Textitlán, El Algodón cerca de Río Humo, 2232 m, 27 June 2006, Jacob 100 (MEXU!); paraje Punta de Yunta, 18 July 2006, Sánchez et al. 1681 (MEXU!). Santo Domingo Tonaltepec, 3 km al N de La Cumbre por la carretera 175 Oaxaca-Tuxtepec, al NE de Oaxaca, 2600 m, 15 July 1991, González-Villareal et al. 4212 (MEXU!). Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos, aprox. 13 km al NE de El Rodeo, portezuelo Mole o Cerro Verde, 09 July 1986, Salinas et al. F-3367 (MEXU!, MO); Placas, Cerro Verde al N de Tepelmeme, 2840 m, 18 July 1985, Tenorio et al. 9289 (MEXU!). Tlahuitoltepec, Rancho Metate, subida al cerro Cempoaltépetl por el crucero Tlahuitoltepec-Zacatepec, 2598 m, 24 June 2004, García-Mendoza et al. 7665 (MEXU!); 1.5 km al N de Tlahuitoltepec, carr. Mitla-Totontepec, 2400 m, 08 August 1985, Torres-Colín et al. 7052 (MEXU!). Puebla: Chignahuapan, Barranca de Ocoxicuaya, 2300 m, 14 July 1975, Hernández-Magaña 2123 (MEXU!, US!). Tetela de Ocampo, Tilapa, 9 km al S de Tetela, 2000 m, 30 June 1987, Tenorio et al. 13750 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tlahuapan, La Venta, Puente del Emperador, 2530 m, 25 August 1944, Sharp 44548 (MEXU!, MO!). Querétaro: Amealco, Barranca de Amealco, 2150 m, 16 September 1978, Argüelles 1182 (MEXU!). Sinaloa: Concordia, El Carrizo a 74 km de Concordia por carretera Mazatlán-Durango, 2500 m, 07 August 1985, Vega 1639 (MEXU!). San Luis Potosí: San Nicolás Tolentino, 18–20 miles east of San Luis Potosí toward Rio Verde, 25 July 1978, Straw & Forman 1426 (MEXU!). Villa de Arriaga, 17 miles west of San Luis Potosí, 10 September 1960, Templeton 8773 (ENCB!, MO). Sierra de San Miguelito, 4 km E de San Francisco, 18 August 1971, Passini & Robert 54BIS (ENCB!). Tamaulipas: Miquihuana, on trail between Miquijuana and Hermosa, 07 July 1963, Molseed & Rice 198 (MEXU!). Tlaxcala: Españita, 8 km al S de Españita, sobre la carretera a Sn. Martin Texmelucan, 2510 m, 01 July 1990, Balderas & Aguilera FESZA2435 (MEXU!). Hueyotilpan, cañada a 500 m del poblado de Hueyotilpan, 2400 m, 06 July 1992, Ruiz 189 (MEXU!). Tlaxco, a 2 km al W de Españita, 2500 m, 26 August 1989, Balderas 32 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Acultzingo, near top of ridge overlooking valley, 4 km SW of Acultzingo on Hwy 150 at km 283, Roe et al. 1267 (MEXU!). Las Vigas de Ramírez, entre Las Vigas y Tatatila, cerca de El Bordo, 2200 m, 13 July 1986, Cházaro & Camarillo 3794 (IBUG!, XAL!). Perote, El Zaurinal, 2400 m, 20 July 1981, F. Ventura 18846 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tonayán, cima de los cerros de la Sierra de Magdalena, 2450 m, June 1981, Cházaro 1561 (XAL!). Zacatecas: Jerez de García, Sierra de las Candelas, ejido Rio Florido, arroyo ubicado a 3 km al SE de La Barca, 2375 m, 13 September 2013, Balleza et al. 20132 (MEXU); 2719 m, 24 September 2013, 20193 (MEXU!). Pinos, Between San Luis Potosí and Ojuelos about 30 miles north of the latter, 5 miles west of highway toward Pinos, 08 August 1958, Straw & Forman 1482 (MEXU!). Saín Alto, ca. 20 miles NW of Fresnillo along highw, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Loesener, T. (1900) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora von Central-Amerika (einschliefslich Mexico) II. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 29 (1): 86 - 106."]}

17. Lamourouxia paneroi Turner. Phytologia 74(6): 465. 1993. Type:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: 7 km E of the turnoff to Santo Domingo Ozolotepec on road to San Juan Ozolotepec. 3700 m, 11 December 1992, J.L. Panero, Y. Kim & E. Manrique 3078 (Holotype: MEXU00638200!; isotypes: CTES0014346!, MSC0092237!, NY00008257!, TEX00372940!) Figure 12 A–D. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 150 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, shortly pilose, non-glandular. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles 0.5–1 mm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 7–10 × 2–3 mm, margin crenulate, sometimes entire, lobes up to 1 mm long; apex rounded to obtuse, base attenuate to rounded; membranous, shortly hispid, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 1–3 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear to narrowly subulate, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 9–10 × 4–5 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate, 2–4 mm long, margin entire, apex aciculate to dentate, when dentate 1–4 teeth, shortly pilose, non-glandular. Corolla funnelform, 40–50 × 10–12 mm, upper lip 12–15 mm long, lower lip 9–12 mm long, lobes 2–3 mm long; bright red, hispidulous, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 43–53 mm long, anthers ca. 3 mm long. Style 45–55 cm, stigma not seen. Capsule ovoid, ca. 8 mm long, shortly hispidous, non-glandular. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species honors J.L. Panero, who collected the type specimen. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia paneroi is endemic from the states of Oaxaca and Puebla (Fig. 12D). The species is reported from oak forests (with Juniperus flaccida Schlechtendal (1838: 495), and xerophytic scrubs (Agave marmorata Roezl (1883: 238), Arctostaphylos Adanson (1763: 165), Rhus sp.) at elevations from 2100 to 3700 m. Previously, the species was only known from the type collection. Phenology: —The species has a short season of flowering and fruiting from September to December. Discussion: — Turner (1993) established Lamourouxia paneroi based on the difference on the vestiture in the calyx and the stem with respect to L. pringlei. Lamourouxia pringlei presents vestiture glandular-puberulous, and L. paneroi possesses indument short pilosulous. The taxonomic determination of the taxa is difficult work if a microscope or magnifying glasses are not available. For this treatment, all the specimens determined as L. pringlei were studied with stereoscopic microscopes due their similitude on leaves, bracts, and flowers. One additional character detected during the revision of the specimens was the presence of short and non-glandular black trichomes in the fruits of L. paneroi, especially on the base of the fruit, in contrast with L. pringlei, whose fruits are entirely glabrous. Both species are distributed in the same areas in southern states of Mexico. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: San Bartolomé Quialana, Cerro Yuubidan (Picacho), parte media del cerro, 3.5 km en línea recta al S de San Bartolomé Quialana, 2510 m, 25 January 2014, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7216 (IBUG!). San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, Cerro Verde al NE de Marcos Pérez, 2700 m, 05 November 1986, Tenorio & Frame 12309 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Zapoquila, cañada al W de Membrillos, camino al Arco, 2100 m, 14 September 1991, Tenorio 17478 (MEXU!). Villa Tejúpam de la Unión, 6.2 km del entronque para la carretera para Santiago Tejúpan-Coixtlahuaca, 2220 m, 27 September 2002, Calzada 23305 (MEXU!); 6 km al E de Tejúpan por la carretera a Suchixtlahuaca, 2300 m, 08 September 1990, Salinas et al. 5618 (MEXU!). Puebla: Asunción Nochixtlán, Cuesta Colorada, sobre la carretera Puebla-Oaxaca km 20, 2350 m, 19 December 1995, Flores 183 (MEXU!). Caltepec, Cerro Chicamole, al E de Membrillos, 2400 m, 08 November 1986, Tenorio & Frame 12345 (MEXU!). Chapulco, 4 km al E del entronque Tehuacán-Esperanza por la carretera a Orizaba, 2180–2250 m, 19 September 1990, Salinas et al. 5743 (MEXU!). Palmar de Bravo, Cuacnopalan, Cerro Filo Blanco, al S de Cuacnopalan, 2592 m, 29 September 2001, Tenorio & Kelly 21074 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Schlechtendal, D. (1838) Vorlaufige Nachricht uber mexicanischen Coniferen, vom Herausgeber. Linnaea 12: 486 - 496.","Roezl, M. B. (1883) Notes sur les decouvertes botaniques les plus remarquables faites es Amerique. Belgique horticole 33: 221 - 239.","Adanson, M. (1763) Familles des plantes, Vol. 2. Vincent, Paris, 640 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 271","Turner, B. L. (1993) Two new species of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae) from Mexico. Phytologia 74: 464 - 467."]}

26. Lamourouxia zimapana Turner. Phytologia 74(6): 465–466. 1993. Type:— MEXICO. Hidalgo: Barranca de San Vicente, near km 238 on highway between Zimapan and Jacala, 1800–2000 m, 9 August 1948, H.E. Moore Jr. & C.E. Wood Jr. 4429 (Holotype: TEX00372917!; isotype: MEXU00111148!) Figure 16 F–H. Sub-shrubs up to 80 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, pubescent, non-glandular. Leaves petiolate, petioles 0.5–2 mm long, elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, rarely oblong, 7.6–25 × 1.7–7 mm, margin dentate or crenate in the upper half, 2–5 teeth per side, teeth ca. 1 mm long; apex obtuse, base attenuate; membranous, pubescent, nonglandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels claviform, 4–6 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, elliptic to spatulate, 10–20 × 3–5 mm, margin dentate in the upper half, 1–3 teeth each side, teeth 1–2 mm long, apex obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx tubular without dots on the surface, 6.5–12 × 4–5 mm, lobes ovate to elliptic, 2.4–5 mm long, apex obtuse, rounded or apiculate, pilose, non-glandular. Corolla funnelform, 30–40 × 6.1–10 mm, upper lip 12 mm long, lower lip 6.4–10 mm long, lobes 3.1–3.9 mm × 0.9–2.1 mm; orange to red, shortly pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments and anthers not seen. Style and stigma not seen. Capsule ovoid to ellipsoid, 9.1–11.6 × 4.9–5.9 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name refers to the municipality of Zimapán, Hidalgo, near to the site where the type was collected. Distribution and habitat: —The species is endemic from Mexico and is distributed in the states of Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, and Veracruz (Fig. 16H). Previously, the species was only known from the type locality in the state of Hidalgo (Turner 1993). Most of the specimens of this taxon were collected in xerophytic scrubs (with Arctostaphylos), and rarely in pine forests, Cupressus forests, or oak forests. Its elevational range of distribution is 1400–3100 m. Phenology: —The revised collections of this species show a short period of flowering from August to November and January. Most specimens were collected from August and September (seven of 10 specimens). Fruits are recorded from November. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Hidalgo: Ixmiquilpan, Cerro Banxu, 4 km al N de Orizabita, 2400 m, 14 October 1965, González 3127 (MEXU!). Tasquillo, Cerro de Juárez, 2700 m, 20 September 1952, Matuda & Paray 21345 (MEXU!), September 1950, Paray 176 (ENCB!), 05 August 1956, 2032 (MEXU!). Zimapán, Barranca de San Vicente, near km 228 on highway between Zimapan and Jacala, 1800–2000 m, 09 August 1948, Moore & Wood Jr. 4429 (BH, MEXU!, TEX!). Oaxaca: San Bartolomé Quialana, Cerrro Yuubidan (Picacho), cima del cerro, 3.5 km en línea recta al S de San Bartolomé Quialana, 2920 m, 25 January 2014, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7236 (IBUG!). Puebla: Tepeyahualco, a 13 km a 15 minutos de Tepeyahualco, Calzada et al. 4681 (MEXU!, XAL!); Volcán Pizarro, 6 km a 60º de Tepeyahualco, Calzada et al. 4696 (XAL!). Querétaro: Pinal de Amoles, parta alta del cerro Pingüical, más o menos 2 km al W de la antena, S. Zamudio 6869 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Perote, cerro Alto del Vigía, al N de Frijol Colorado, 2700 m, 10 November 2013, Cházaro & Rodríguez 10660 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Turner, B. L. (1993) Two new species of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae) from Mexico. Phytologia 74: 464 - 467."]}

18. Lamourouxia parayana Ernst. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 6: 33–35. 1972. Type:— MEXICO. Estado de México: Cerro de las Víboras, cerca de Sultepec, 2500 m, 2 November 1956, L. Paray 2242 (Holotype: ENCB003597!) Figure 12 E–G. Herbs up to 100 cm tall, stems apparently solitary, erect, woody, pubescent, non-glandular. Leaves petiolate, petioles up to 1 mm long, ovate to broadly elliptic, 14–22 × 6–9 mm, margin crenate in the upper half, 3–10 teeth per side, teeth ca. 1 mm long; apex obtuse, base rounded; membranous, pubescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 4–7 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, ovate to elliptic, 4–10 × 6–8 mm, margin dentate in the upper half, 1–5 teeth per side, teeth ca. 1 mm long, apex obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 4–7 × 4–5 mm, lobes broadly ovate, 1–3 mm long, margin entire, apex obtuse, pubescent, nonglandular. Corolla funnelform ventricose, 30–40 × 9–12 mm, bilabiate, upper lip 7–15 mm long, lower lip 5–10 mm long, lobes 3–4 × 2–3 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments not seen, anthers ca. 3 mm. Style and stigma not seen. Capsule ovoid, 7–10 × 5–7 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species honors L. Paray who collected the type specimen. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic to Estado de México (Fig. 12G). The type of vegetation found in the municipality where the holotype was collected is pine and oak forest. The elevation registered for the species is 2500–2700 m. It was searched in the type locality in November 2019, but it was not found. Phenology: —Flowers and fruits are known from November. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Estado de México: Sultepec, 2700 m, 01 November 1970, Matuda et al. 38092 (MEXU!); Cerro de las Víboras, cerca de Sultepec, 2500 m, 2 November 1956, L. Paray 2242 (ENCB!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060

6. Lamourouxia dispar Ernst. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 6: 35–36. 1972. Type:— MEXICO. Guerrero: near Omiltemi, 20 miles west of Chilpancingo, 7500–8000 ft, 31 July1957, R.M.Straw & D.P.Gregory 1062 (Holotype: MEXU00124541!; isotypes: GH00078570!, MICH1108005!) Figure 6 F–H. Sub-shrubs up to ca. 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, reclining, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves petiolate, petioles up to 1 mm long, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 20–28 × 3–8 mm margin serrate, 5–15 teeth each side, teeth ca. 0.5 mm long; apex attenuate, base truncate; membranous, glabrous to minutely glabrescent, nonglandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 5–7 mm long. Two types of bracts along inflorescence. Upper bracts lanceolate, margin entire, 2–4 mm long. Lower bracts linear 4–13 mm long, margin serrate, 5–8 teeth per side, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 8–11 × 5–7 mm, lobes triangular, 5–7 × 3 mm, margin minutely serrate, apex acute, pubescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 40–55 × 9–10 mm, upper lip 10– 14 × 5 mm, lower lip 5–7 × 3 mm, lobes 3 × 2 mm; brilliant red, shortly pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments not seen, anthers 3 mm long. Style not seen, stigma capitate. Capsule ca. 10 mm, elliptic, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet dispar means dissimilar or different. Ernst (1972) refers to this species as “enigmatic”, due to the similitude of structures present in other species and the combination of features of the section Hemispadon (staminal arrangement) and Lamourouxia (corolla shape and width). Distribution and Ecology: —The species is endemic to Mexico and is distributed in the states of Guerrero and Morelos. However, two specimens from Oaxaca were reported in the database iNaturalist (www.naturalista.mx/ observations/15750339, www.naturalista.mx/observations/29060643), which are included in the distribution map (Fig. 6H). It inhabits cloud forests, pine forests, and pine-oak forests at elevations of 2280–2800 m. Phenology: —Flowering season from July to November. The peak of collections (two specimens) is September. Immature fruits were photographed in August (Fig. 6G). Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Atoyac de Álvarez, 1–3 km northwest of Puerto El Gallo, 2500– 2750 m, 11 November 1973, Breedlove 36031 (MO!). Morelos: Huitzilac, Laguna Tonatihua, 2800 m, 04 September 1988, Castañeda-Robles 1326 (MEXU!); Lagunas de Zempoala, September 1932, Lyonnet 2963 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

13. Lamourouxia multifida Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 339. 1817[1818]. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 30):— MEXICO, Santa Rosa, no date, A.J.A. Bonpland 4273 (Lectotype: P00136093!) = Lamourouxia laciniata Martens & Galeotti. Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 32. 1845. Lectoype designated here:— MEXICO, sur les basaltes de Cerro de Macuiltepeque, prés Xalapa, 5000 pieds, dans les bois de chênes et sur les rochers de Juguila [Juquila] del Sur (côte au sud d’Oaxaca), 5000 pieds, H.G. Galeotti 990 (Lectotype: BR0000005423392!). = Lamourouxia laciniata var. pilosa Martens & Galeotti (1845: 34). Type:— MEXICO, dans les bois San Pedro, prés de Real del Monte, 8000 pieds, H.G. Galeotti 1085 (Holotype: BR0000005423729!). = Lamourouxia multifida var. grandiflora Bentham. Prodr. 10: 540. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Zacatecas: pr. Bolaños, T. Hartweg 187 (Lectotype: BM000953407!; isolectotypes: G00356755!, GH00078581!, K000533730!, K000533727!). = Lamourouxia pringlei Gandoger. nom. illeg. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66(5–6): 217. 1919. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, [Ciudad de México] Bluffs of barranca above Santa Fé, 25 September 1899, C.G. Pringle 7982 (Lectotype: MO-528141), not L. pringlei Robinson & Greenman ex Pringle. = Lamourouxia tepicana (Jones) Pennell in Morton. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 115. 1957. Basionym: Pedicularis tepicana Jones. Contr. W. Bot. 15: 150–151. 1929. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Nayarit: Tepic, Nayarti [Nayarit], 10 February 1927, M.E. Jones 23211 (Lectotype: RSA0006090!; isolectotype: MO-155210!). Figure 10 A–C. Herbs up to 200 cm long, erect or reclining, stems branched along the plant, rarely solitary, woody, pubescent to tomentose, non-glandular. Leaves opposite, sessile, deeply divided, 14–52 × 4–38 mm, margin entire, 3–21 lobes per side, lobes up to 7 mm long; apex acute, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–8 mm long, one bract per flower. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, deeply pinnatifid, 9–35 × 5–17 mm, 4–10 lobes per side, margin entire, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 6–9 × 3–6 mm, four-lobed, lobes triangular to slightly subulate, 2.5–6 × 1.5–3 mm, margin entire, apex acute, shortly tomentose, non-glandular. Corolla funnelform, 20–39 × 4–11 mm, bilabiate, upper lip 9–11.5 × 6–7 mm, lower lip 7–9.5 mm long, apex three-lobed, lobes 2–4.4 × 1–2 mm; orange to bright red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, 12–22 mm long, anthers 2.4–4 × 2–2.4 mm. Style 16–43 mm long, stigma bilobed. Capsule ovoid, 8–9 × 5–6 mm, glabrous. Seeds claviform, 1.2 mm long, with reticulate coat. Etymology: —The epithet of the species refers to its deeply divided leaves. Common names:— Jarrito (Vibrans 1997), chupamiel milhojas, cabeza de chica (Michoacán), Tzijtzim tzajal (Tzeltal language, Chiapas). Uses:— Boiled roots were reported to be used in doses of one cup twice a day for three days for bloody diarrhea (Gómez-Santis 351, MEXU). Ornamental (Vibrans 1997). Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia multifida inhabits Mexico and Guatemala. In Mexico, it is distributed in cleared zones and roads in pine forest (Pinus chiapensis Martínez 1940: 81–84) Andresen (1964: 417–421), P. pseudostrobus Lindley (1839: 63), pine-oak forest (P. oocarpa, P. patula, P. leiophylla Schiede ex Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1831: 354), P. ayacahuite Ehrenberg ex Schlechtendal (1838: 492–493), Quercus sideroxyla Bonpland in Humboldt & Bonpland (1809: 39), Q. eduardi Trelease in Standley (1922: 189), Q. calophylla Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1830: 79–80), Quercus magnoliifolia Née (1801: 268), oak forest (Q. rugosa, Q. laurina Bonpland in Humboldt & Bonpland (1809: 32), Q. obtusata Bonpland in Humboldt & Bonpland (1809: 26), cloud forest (Pinus, Quercus, Arbutus Linnaeus (1753: 395), Cornus Linnaeus (1753: 117), Alnus Miller (1754: s.n.), and Liquidambar), grasslands from the states of Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Zacatecas (Fig. 10C). The species is the second most widely distributed in Mexico. Ernst (1972) included in his work the unpublished observations of D.E. Breedlove of hummingbird species Amazilia beryllina, Hylocaris leucotis, and Selasphorus rufus visiting L. multifida. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Majority of specimens were collected from July to January (360 of 380 examined specimens). Nomenclatural notes: — Lamourouxia multifida possesses a very complex taxonomic history. The original description of the species by Kunth (1817 [1818]: 339) included the locality “Novae Hispaniae inter Guanaxuato et Santa Rosa de la Sierra, alt. 1200 hex.” and no one collection or herbarium were indicated in the protologue. In that book (Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2), only illustrations of Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia Kunth (1817 [1818]: 317), and L. virgata Kunth (1818: 316) were included. The treatment of Robinson & Greenman (1895) cited 11 examined collections along the distribution range of the species, without designation of a type. Later, W.R. Ernst proposed the conservation of the generic name Lamourouxia Kunth against Lamourouxia C.A. Agardh (1817: xiv) (used in algae). This was accepted by votation of the Committee for Spermatophyta on Proposal for Conservation of Generic Names. In addition, this Committee accepted the choice of L. multifida as lectotype of the genus (McVaugh 1969), but no typification of the species was debated. Paray (1950) made a description of the species in Mexico, but no cited examined specimens. The later taxonomic treatment by Ernst (1972), cited the same locality of Kunth (1818), and a “ type specimen” (Bonpland 4273, P). Lamourouxia laciniata was cited with specimens in four herbaria (BR, G, P, and W; Ernst 1972). They were described as syntype specimens. The specimen in BR is available in online databases, because of this, it was selected as a lectotype. However, the collection contains data of two locations: Macuiltepeque (Macuiltépetl mountain in Xalapa, Veracruz) and Juquila (in Oaxaca state) both in Mexico. Lamourouxia multifida var. grandiflora was lectotypified here designating the specimen BM000953407! because the plant collected exhibit the diagnostic features of the species, including large corollas and pinnatifid leaves showing the pattern of nodes and orientation of leaves. The other specimens mostly possess depauperate leaves. The specimen in P previously cited by Ernst (1972) was not found in the database of type specimens of the same herbarium. No information about type specimens in W is available, it may be a photograph deposited in another herbarium as the case of other Lamourouxia species previously discussed. The name Lamourouxia pringlei Gandoger (1919) is an illegitimate name because it is a later homonym spelled exactly like the name published by Robinson & Greenman (1895) and based on a different type (Art. 53.1, Turland et al. 2018). The specimens of Lamourouxia tepicana revised by Ernst (1972) were annotated as conflicting in dates between two specimens, with dates of February 10 and 15. During the revision carried out in this study, in both specimens was seen the same date of February 10, 1927, both considered types. The specimen cited as belonging to POM herbarium (“ Herbarium of Pomona College ”), is currently under the acronym RSA (Thiers 2022). The specimen of the latter herbarium (RSA 0006090!) was selected as lectotype because it possesses the largest amount of preserved pinnatifid leaves against damaged leaves of the other one. Both specimens have no flowers, only fruits, for which the divided leaves unique in the genus can help to determine the species, and evidence given by the leaves is needed. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Comitán de Domínguez, a los lados de la carretera, 1700 m, December 1980, Ramamoorthy et al. 1570 (MEXU!). Huixtlán, Rancho Merced Bazóm, 2450 m, 22 August 1995, Martínez et al. 275 (MEXU!). La Trinitaria, along the Comitan River at its sumidero, 42 km northeast of La Trinitaria, 23 October 1971, Breedlove & Thorne 21193 (MEXU!); Lagos de Montebello, 22 January 1952, Rzedowski 706 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Ocosingo, 16 km northeast of Oxchuc along road to Ocosingo, 1700 m, 23 September 1972, Breedlove 27779 (MEXU!). Oxchuc, orilla de la comunidad de Oxchuc, 2000 m, 11 August 1994, Chamé & Luna 248 (MEXU!, XAL!); Tzajal Ok’och, 3 km al norte de la escuela de Tz’unun, 2000 m, 05 September 1988, Gómez 351 (MEXU!, MO); camino Oxchuc-Cancuc, 3 km al noroeste de Oxchuc, 25 August 1995, Mejía & Luna 695 (ENCB!, XAL!); km 14.1 del camino carr. Oxchuc-Ocosingo a Rancho Cura, 1930 m, 09 October 1995, Mejía & Luna 865 (MEXU!). San Andrés Larráinzar, near the summit of Chuchil Ton, northeast of Bochil, 03 August 1972, Breedlove 26836 (MEXU!, MO). San Cristóbal de las Casas, a 1 km de Tzontehuitz, 2350 m, 07 September 1994, Chamé & Luna 366 (MEXU!). Tenejapa, Ojo del río Yash Zanal, 05 January 1983, Méndez 5323 (MEXU!); paraje Winikton, cerca de 4 km al sur del pueblo, 2880 m, 10 July 1986, Méndez 9111 (MEXU!, MO); in the paraje Mahosik’, 12 September 1966, Shilom 1148 (ENCB!). Unión Juárez, Mt. Tacaná, 1000–2000 m, Matuda 2430 (MEXU!, MO). Zinacantán, paraje Chainatic, 2100 m, 07 November 1991, González et al. 1647 (MEXU!). Ciudad de México: Álvaro Obregón, en la entrada del parque Tarango por el sendero hacia la barranca norte, 2560 m, 11 October 2001, César 208 (MEXU!); Lomas de las Águilas, 2400 m, 14 October 1979, Hernández 79 (MEXU!); San Bartolo Ameyalco, 2750 m, 02 October 1977, A. Ventura 3080 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Magdalena Contreras, Cerro del Judío, 2650 m, 23 October 1977, A. Ventura 3125 (MEXU!); Los Dinamos, 2100 m, 13 October 1979, A. Ventura 3567 (MEXU!); primer Dinamo, 2700 m, 02 November 1979, A. Ventura 3596 (ASU, ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!). Miguel Hidalgo, barranca de Solís Grande, Lomas Altas, 2400 m, 01 September 1962, Huerta 41 (ENCB!). Tlalpan, Centro de Educación Ambiental Ecoguardas, 2300 m, 04 September 1996, Castillo et al. 35 (MEXU!); Lomas del Seminario, Ajusco, por arriba de la estación 20, rumbo a las vías, 21 October 1992, González 122 (MEXU!); Ecoguardas, Área Natural Protegida Ajusco Medio, 2300 m, 29 November 2300 m, Rivera-Hernández 2687 (MEXU!); Topilejo, 2700 m, 27 November 1976, A. Ventura 2430 (MEXU!); Pedregal de San Ángel, cerca de San Andrés, 2450 m, 17 August 1952, Rzedowski 1519 (ENCB!); Pedregal de San Ángel near km 6 of new Ajusco highway, 09 October 1976, Wonderly 353 (MEXU!). Xochimilco, Xochitepec, 2350 m, 12 August 1962, Galicia 82 (ENCB!). km 18.5 carretera México-Toluca, 20 August 1970, González 89 (ENCB!). Durango: Canelas, 750 m al S de Canelas, 10 December 1985, Vizcarra 115 (CIIDIR!, IBUG!, MEXU!). Durango, 55–60 km SW of Durango City on road to La Flor, 2400 m, 16 September 1979, Breedlove 44155 (MEXU!); Ejido Regocijo, arriba de Bajío Largo, 2600 m, 05 September 2001, Carrillo 331 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); along Hwy. 40 about 2 miles east of Las Palmitas, 2280 m, 25 December 1971, Norris et al. 20609 (MEXU!, MO). Mezquital, cerca de La Escondida, por el camino a Los Charcos, Jiménez & Acevedo 46 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!, MEXU!); alrededores de Sta. María de Ocotán, 10 August 1986, Mendia 80 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); aprox. 4 km de La Guajolota, 11 September 1985, Solís 258 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!); aprox. 12 km de La Guajolota, 10 October 1985, Solís 467 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!). Pueblo Nuevo, Cordón Mocho de Cerro Gordo, Bernardillo de Milpillas, 29 September 1981, Pérez 778 (ENCB!); arroyo del 1010, 2 km al N de El Salto, 2200 m, 27 June 1982, Tenorio et al. 659 (MEXU!); carretera Dgo.-Mazatlán, km 195, 2150 m, 05 January 1980, Vega 732 (CIIDIR!, IBUG!). Súchil, Potrero Reymundo, San Juan de Michis, Alvarado 503 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!); Súchil, 4 km al W de Alemán, 14 August 1986, Acevedo 188 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!). Estado de México: Acambay, Cerro Pathe, ladera Nte, 2550 m, 12 November 1983, Flores & Melo 4 (IBUG!). Ajapusco, Jaltepec, 2700 m, 22 October 1975, A. Ventura 462 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Amatepec, en barranca cerca de Amatepec, 1500 m, 29 December 1953, Matuda 30035 (MEXU!). Amecameca, 1 km al este del poblado San Antonio, 2500 m, 27 September 1981, Díaz & Orozco 219 (ENCB!); Santo Tomás Atzingo, 2450 m, 18 November 1979, García 107 (ENCB!, MEXU!); 5 km al NE de Amecameca, laderas del cerro de la Coronilla, 2650 m, 22 September 1968, Pineda 580 (ENCB!). Atlacomulco, ruta 55 at km 70, 70 km N of Toluca, ca. 6 km N of Atlacomulco, 2670 m, 22 August 1970, Cruden 1799 (ENCB!, US!). Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias, 2 km al NE de Miraflores, 2350 m, 22 November 1968, Pineda 630 (ENCB!). Chapa de Mota, Cerro de las Ánimas, 24 October 2009, Trejo 259 (MEXU!); camino a Villa del Carbón, 2620 m, 24 October 2009, Trejo 352 (MEXU!). Coatepec Harinas, San Miguel, 2310 m, 30 October 2011, Dorantes et al. 305 (MEXU!); El Salto, San José del Progreso, 2225 m, 03 December 2011, Rodríguez et al. 276 (MEXU!). Donato Guerra, camino a Llano Redondo, ejido San Juan Xoconuxco, 2630 m, 26 December 2005, Cornejo-Tenorio et al. 1785 (MEXU!). El Oro de Hidalgo, 1900 m, 28 September 1952, Matuda et al. 26406 (MEXU!). Jilotepec, 2200 m, 21 September 1952, Matuda 26717 (MEXU!). Ixtapaluca, Zoquiapan, km 42 carretera México-Puebla, 06 September 1970, Quintero 32 (ENCB!). Jilotzingo, San Luis Ayucan, Cerro Chiluca, August 1952, Paray 178 (MEXU!). Nicolás Romero, 2600 m, 21 July 1968, Sánchez 184 (ENCB!); Transfiguración, 10 km al W de Nicolás Romero, 2500 m, 02 October 1976, López 79 (ENCB!); colonia Libertad, 2300 m, 21 October 1978, A. Ventura 3364 (ENCB!, MEXU!); San José del Vidrio Cahuacán, 2600 m, 12 September 1982, A. Ventura 4093 (MEXU!, MO), E. Ventura 33 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!, MO). Ocuilan, 2000 m, 3–4 October 1954, Matuda 31747 (MEXU!); km 11 de la carr. Ocuilan-Cuernavaca, 2200 m, 11 December 1986, Endañú 42 (MEXU!). Otzoloapan, Cerro de Pinal, 2300–2500 m, 18–22 October 1954, Matuda et al. 31822 (MEXU!). Sultepec, 2400 m, 02 November 1952, Matuda 27751 (MEXU!); en orilla de bosque, 2600 m, 01 November 1970, Matuda et al. 38128 (MEXU!); Real de Abajo, 1700 m, 21 September 1953, Matuda et al. 26169 (MEXU!). Temascalapa, Cerro Gordo, 3000 m, 08 November 1980, Castilla & Tejero 1057 (MEXU!), 2800 m, 15 August 1981, Castilla & Tejero 1442 (ENCB!). Temascalcingo de José María Velasco, a 1.53 km al W de San José de los Reyes, Ejido Pueblo Nuevo Solís, Cerro Altamirano, 2714 m, 27 August 2014, Álvarez et al. 13628 (MEXU!, MO). Temascaltepec, 4 miles south, 1770 m, 14 October 1966, Anderson & Laskowski 3979 (ENCB!); cumbre Tejupilco, 2000 m, 10 October 1932, Hinton 2044 (MEXU!, GBH!, MO). Tepetlaoxtoc, 19 km este de Texcoco y 1 km al sur de la carretera Texcoco-Calpulalpam, 28 September 1976, García 128 (ENCB!); 18 km carr. Texcoco-Calpulalpan, límites entre México y Tlaxcala, 2870 m, 03 September 1982, García 1687 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO). Tepotzotlán, 3 km al W de Magú, 2500 m, 26 September 1971, Mendiola 177 (ENCB!). Texcoco, San Miguel Tlaixpan, 2400 m, 23 September 1984, A. Ventura 4291 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Santa Catarina del Monte, 2600 m, 19 October 1983, E. Ventura 1508 (ASU, ENCB!); San Nicolás Tlamincas, 2500 m, 11 December 1982, E. Ventura 382 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!); San Pablo Ixayoc, 2500 m, 03 September 1983, E. Ventura 1317 (ENCB!, MEXU!); km 44 carretera a Calpulalpam, 10 September 1988, Méndez-Larios & Ortiz 52 (MEXU!). Tlalmanalco, 2 km al NE de Miraflores, 2350 m, 23 November 1968, Brizuela 381 (ENCB!); 1 km al E de Santo Tomás Atzingo, 2450 m, 25 November 1981, García 189 (ENCB!). Valle de Bravo, Pinal del Marquesado, 2150 m, 21 October 2006, Blanco ABM1521 (MEXU!); Avándaro, Cerro Gordo, 2604 m, 25 November 2011, Ledesma 2089 (MEXU!, MO). Villa Guerrero, 5 km N, km 119 on highway 55, 2000 m, 09 September 1965, Roe & Roe 1833 (ENCB!). 12 miles from Mt. Pass on road from Toluca to Temascaltepec, 27 December 1970, Dunn 17180 (ARIZ, ENCB!); C. del Progreso, 2600 m, 30 September 1950, Matuda 19696 (MEXU!, MO); Nevado de Toluca, 3700–4200 m, 19 October 1952, Matuda 26487 (MEXU); Hillsides, Rio Hondo Canyon, 26 August 1890, Pringle 3149 (MEXU!, MO, US!). Guanajuato: Atarjea, Los Pinitos, por Carricillo, 2150 m, E. Ventura & López 9863 (MEXU!, XAL!). Dolores Hidalgo, 11 miles north of Guanajuato toward Dolores Hidalgo, north of Santa Rosa, 2400 m, 30 July 1958, Straw & Forman 1455 (MEXU!). Guanajuato, Cuenca de la Esperanza, 2000 m, 13 October 1994, Gutiérrez 3 (MEXU!, XAL!); Viborillas, 2390 m, 21 September 1997, Martínez-Cruz 525 (MEXU!); Cañada de la Virgen, Rincón del Toro, 2520 m, 22 September 1997, Martínez-Cruz 561 (MEXU!); Mesa de los Hernández, 2460 m, 28 September 1997, Martínez-Cruz 632 (MEXU!); parte alta del Cerro del Cubilete, vertiente N, 2500 m, 30 November 1986, Rzedowski 42105 (ENCB!, IBUG!); Presa El Peralillo, cerca de Santa Rosa, 2500 m, 22 November 1996, Zamudio 10142 (MEXU!). Purísima del Progreso, 31 km al NNW de Juventino Rosas, sobre el camino Celaya-Guanajuato, 2350 m, 22 September 1987, Zamudio 5745 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!). San Luis de la Paz, La Ventana, 15 km al este de Mesas de Jesús, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Martens, M. & Galeotti, H. G. (1845) Enumeratio synoptica plantarum phanerogamicarum ab Henrico Galeotti in regionibus Mexicanis collectarum. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-lettres de Bruxelles 12: 15 - 36.","Vibrans, H. (1997) Lista floristica comentada de plantas vasculares silvestres en San Juan Quetzalcoapan, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana 38: 21 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / abm 38.1997.773","Martinez, M. (1940) Pinaceas Mexicanas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional de Mexico 11 (1): 81 - 84.","Andresen, J. W. (1964) The taxonomic status of Pinus chiapensis. Phytologia 10 (6): 417 - 421.","Lindley, J. (1839) Mexican pines. Edwards's Botanical Register 25: 62 - 64.","Schlechtendal, D. & Chamisso, A. (1831) Plantarum mexicanarum Schiede et Deppe collectarum. Linnaea 6: 352 - 384.","Schlechtendal, D. (1838) Vorlaufige Nachricht uber mexicanischen Coniferen, vom Herausgeber. Linnaea 12: 486 - 496.","Standley, P. C. (1922) Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 (2): 171 - 515.","Schlechtendal, D. & Chamisso, A. (1830) Plantarum mexicanarum Schiede et Deppe collectarum. Linnaea 5: 72 - 174","Nee, D. L. (1801) Descripcion de varias especies nuevas de Encina (Quercus de Linneo). Anales de Ciencias Naturales 3: 260 - 278.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary: fourth edition. John & James Rivington, London, 1582 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 79061","Kunth, K. S. (1817 [1818]) Lamourouxia. In: Humboldt, F. W. H. A., Bonpland, A. J. A. & Kunth, K. S. (Eds.) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) 2. Antverpiae, Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Paris, pp. 335 - 339.","Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Agardh, C. A. (1817) Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae, adjecta dispositione universali algarum. Lundae, Ex officina Berlingiana, [i-xl] 135 pp.","McVaugh, R. (1969) Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: Conservation of Generic Names, XI. Taxon 18: 477 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1218522","Paray, L. (1950) El genero Lamourouxia en Mexico. Boletin de la Sociedad Botanica de Mexico 11: 5 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.17129 / botsci. 965","Gandoger, M. (1919) Sertum plantarum novarum. Pars secunda. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 66: 216 - 233.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

15. Lamourouxia ovata Martens & Galeotti. Bull.Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 33[–34]. 1845. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, dans les montagnes calcaires de Zeta, prés de Sola (Sud d’Oaxaca), 8000 pieds, H.G. Galeotti 989 (Lectotype: BR0000005424054!; isolectotype: G00356753!) Figure 11 A–C. Herbs ca. 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, reclining, herbaceous, pubescent non-glandular. Leaves sessile, broadly ovate, 33–80 × 22–46 mm, margin doubly serrate or crenate, 25–31 teeth per side, teeth 0.8–3.9 mm long; apex obtuse, base cordate; membranous, pubescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme with inverted flowers, arching forward, pedicels thin. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, orbicular to broadly elliptic, 14.2–34 × 6.7–24 mm, margin dentate to doubly serrate, 9–22 teeth per side, apex obtuse, base rounded. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 12–20 × 3–10 mm, lobes ovate to broadly spatulate, 5.6–15 × 5–9 mm, margin entire, sometimes lacerate, apex acute to obcordate, pubescent, non-glandular. Corolla funnelform, 40–42 × 10–11 mm, upper lip 9–13 × 4–7.5 mm, lower lip 8–11.2 × 2.3 mm, lobes 4.5–6 × 2.4–4 mm; orange to red, pubescent non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 19–26 mm long, anthers 2.4–3 mm long. Style 22.3–28.8 × 0.8 mm, stigma bilobed, 1.3–1.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm. Fruit and seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species recalls the shape of its bracts. Distribution and habitat: —The species is endemic from Mexico. Herbarium specimens from the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca were revised. However, the species was photographed in the State of Mexico (https://www. naturalista.mx/observations/38248282) (Fig. 11A). It can be found in the cloud forest and pine and oak forests at elevations from 2195 to 2400 m. Phenology: —Flowers of this species were collected from August to February. Fruits are unknown. Nomenclatural notes: — Lamourouxia ovata was described by Martens & Galeotti (1845) citing the specimen Galeotti 989. Robinson and Greenman (1895) in the synopsis of the genus revised two specimens and cited the same specimen of the original description. Ernst (1972) cited the same collection with duplicates in BR and G as types, without lectotypification. Here, as part of the taxonomic revision, were consulted both specimens, being selected the specimen BR0000005424054! because it contains two branches with ten flowers and entire bracts in contrast to the specimen G00356753!, with one small branch with tree flowers and six bracts. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Motozintla, road from Motozintla to Siltepec, SE of Siltepec, 10 February 1990, Stafford et al. 401 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: Oaxaca de Juárez, Cerro San Felipe, 18 October 1908, Conzatti 2273 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, oak Woods Sierra de San Felipe, 04 August 1984, Pringle 4762 (MEXU!, US!). Santa María Ecatepec, 3 km W of Santo Tomas Teipan along road from Santa Maria Ecatepec to Santo Domingo Chontelomtlan, 24 October 1986, Breedlove 65389 (NY!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Martens, M. & Galeotti, H. G. (1845) Enumeratio synoptica plantarum phanerogamicarum ab Henrico Galeotti in regionibus Mexicanis collectarum. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-lettres de Bruxelles 12: 15 - 36.","Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

22. Lamourouxia stenoglossa Hunnewell & Smith. Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 4. 1939. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 39):— MEXICO. Chiapas: Cerro de Huitepeque, 2300 m, 1864–1870, A.B. Ghiesbreght 706 (Lectotype: GH00078585!; isolectotypes: BM000957991!, K000533724!, MO-155214/A:105229, MO-155213/A:105230, NY90609!, YU066086!) Figure 14 D–E. Herbs up to ca. 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, pubescent, non-glandular. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles 1–2 mm long, lanceolate to elliptic, 22–57 × 9–19.4 mm, margin doubly dentate to doubly serrate, 16–38 teeth each side, teeth ca. 1 mm long; apex acute, base truncate; papyraceous, glabrescent to pubescent, nonglandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, s-shaped, 9–19.5 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, pedicellate, pedicels 1.8–2.4 mm long; lanceolate, 22.3–41 × 7.9–20 mm, margin doubly dentate to doubly serrate, 10– 24 teeth per side, apex acute, base cuneate to rounded. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 6.6–12 × 3.6–6 mm, lobes broadly triangular to ovate, 4.6–6.2 × 2.3–3.8 mm, margin entire, apex acute, pubescent, non-glandular. Corolla funnelform ventricose, 26–46 × 8–12 mm, upper lip 8.9–20 × 7.8–8.5 mm, lower lip 8.4–12 × 1.7–8 mm, lobes 2–3.2 mm × 2–3 mm; orange to red, shortly pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments ca. 40 mm long, anthers 3.5–3.7 mm long. Style 28–34 mm long, stigma bilobed. Capsule ovoid, 11 × 9 mm long. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name stenoglossa means “with a narrow tongue”. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is distributed in Mexico and Guatemala. In Mexico, the species is recorded in the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca (Fig. 14E). Lamourouxia stenoglossa inhabits cloud forests (with Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larréategui (1795: 37), and Saurauia), pine forests (Pinus ayacahuite), oak forests, pine and oak forests, and rarely tropical evergreen forests at elevations from 1750 to 3000 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting season occur from July to January. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Cacahoatán, Ejido Agua Caliente, Volcán Tacaná, 2056 m, 06 January 2012, Hernández 3491 (MEXU!). Motozintla, on the north and west slope of Cerro Mozotal below the microwave along the road from Huixtla to El Porvenir and Siltepec, 18 November 1971, Breedlove & Smith 22810 (MEXU!). Oxchuc, a 300 m del desvío de Cholol camino a Rancho El Cura, 19 October 1994, Chamé & Gutiérrez 525 (MEXU!). San Cristóbal de las Casas, Cerro Huitepec, al W de San Cristóbal, 25 September 1984, Méndez 7983 (IBUG!, XAL!); northeast slope of Zontehuitz near summit, 20 September 1965, Breedlove 12349 (MEXU!, US!); southwest of Mexican highway 190 near Rancho Nuevo, about 9 miles southeast of San Cristóbal, 20 August 1966, Breedlove 15127 (MEXU!, US!); Cerro Huitepec, 05 December 1971, Breedlove 23041 (ENCB!); west side of Zontehuitz near Summit, 17 October 1981, Breedlove 53597 (ENCB!). San Juan Chamula, slopes on southeast side of Zontehuitz near Summit, 30 July 1964, Breedlove 6706 (ENCB!). Tenejapa, northeast side of the hill called Matsab [Matzam], 25 August 1966, Breedlove 15282 (MEXU!); Paraje Kurus ch’en, 29 September 1972, Breedlove 28220 (ENCB!); 22 km from San Cristóbal de las Casas on the road to Tenejapa, then right 3 km on the road to Matzam, 29 September 1984, Huft et al. 217 (MEXU!). Zinacantán, near the Summit of Muktavits (Cerro Huitepec), 19 November 1981, Breedlove & Bartholomew 55585 (MEXU!). Southwest of route 15, ca. 14 km southeast of San Cristóbal de las Casas, 20 August 1966, Cruden 1209 (MEXU!). Guerrero: Chichihualco, 15 km al E de Puerto de Gallo, carr. Filo de Caballo, 3090 m, 18 August 1982, Tenorio et al. 1420 (ENCB!, XAL!). Oaxaca: Santiago Zacatepec, 19 km al W de Zacatepec Mixes, cerca de La Cascada, 1960 m, 27 October 1993, Acosta 2384 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Larreategui, J. D. (1795) Descripciones de plantas. Discurso que en la abertura del estudio de Botanica de 1. de Junio de 95 pronuncio en el Real Jardin de Mexico el Br. D. Joseph Dionisio Larreategui. Mexico, 48 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 158713"]}

Lamourouxia pacifica Franc.Gut. & Ruiz-Sanchez sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6 A, C, E, G). Lamourouxia pacifica belongs to the section Hemispadon and it can be distinguished from the other species by having leaves linear to linear-lanceolate with brochidodromous venation and presence of lower bracts linear to lanceolate, both leaves and bracts are membranous. Type: — MEXICO. Jalisco: Cabo Corrientes, km 176 on road from Puerto Vallarta to Manzanillo, 20.380114, -105.311936, 701 m, 23 February 2019, Antonio Francisco-Gutiérrez & Rebeca Rosas-Campos 251 (holotype XAL!). Herbs up to 2 m, stems erect, solitary or branched near the base, pubescent to scarcely hirsute with glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 38–138.2 × 8–25 mm, apex acute, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrate with up to 37 teeth each side, teeth 0.5–0.9 mm long each, adaxially pubescent to scarcely hirsute with a mix of simple and glandular trichomes, abaxially pubescent with simple and glandular trichomes, venation brochidodromous with the primary and secondary veins conspicuous. Lamina chartaceous, light green. Inflorescence a raceme, 9.5–34 cm long, ascending, pubescent with glandular trichomes; pedicellate flowers, pedicels 1–9 mm long, pubescent with glandular trichomes; one bract per flower, bracteoles absent. Bracts divided in two types, upper bracts triangular to lanceolate, 5–23 × 2–10.4 mm, apex acute, base rounded, margin entire, adaxial and abaxially pubescent with simple and glandular trichomes; lower bracts linear to lanceolate, 17–37 × 6–8 mm, apex acute, margin serrate with up to 11 teeth each side, each tooth up to 1 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 3.2–10 × 3–7 mm, four-lobed, each lobe 2–7 × 1.5–4 mm, triangular, erect, apex acute, margin entire, one midvein per lobe, pubescent with glandular trichomes. Corolla tubular 15–46 × 3–6.2 mm, bilobed, the upper lip 7–23 × 5–10 mm, rectangular, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire or occasionally with one rounded tooth of 1 mm long at each side, reflexed or not, externally sericeous to lanose with pink-colored trichomes; lower lip 7–17 × 3–5.1 mm, linear, margin entire, three-lobed, each lobe ca. 3.5 × 1.5–1.9 mm, revolute. Corolla very fragile and deciduous. Filaments 36–43 mm long, anthers 3–3.5 mm long, shaggy with white non-glandular trichomes. Style 33–44 mm long, scarcely pubescent, persistent in fruiting, white to black throughout fruiting. Stigma capitate, 0.9–1.2 × 1 mm. Fruit a capsule, elliptic to ovoid, 8.2–12 × 4–8 mm, glabrous, with longitudinal dehiscence, light green when immature and dark brown when mature. Seeds numerous, 1.2–1.3 × 0.5–0.7 mm, with white reticulated coat. Distribution and Ecology — Lamourouxia pacifica is distributed in the northern and western states of Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, and Sinaloa, Mexico (Fig. 4). This species occurs from 300 to 1400 m a.s.l. in oak and pine-oak forests. Reported genera around the new species are Dioon Lindley (1843: 59–60) and Zamia Linnaeus (1763: 1659) (Zamiaceae). Phenology: —Specimens with flowers were recorded from November to May. Collections with fruits were registered from February to April. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the distribution of the species close to the Pacific Ocean. Conservation status:— Lamourouxia pacifica with 10 records has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 88,839.25 km 2, and area of occupancy (AOO) of 36 km 2. Botanical expeditions in 2020 and 2021 near the type locality allowed to observe a reduction in the extent and quality of habitat caused by deforestation and forest fires. The species is listed as Endangered species EN B2 b(ii,iii). Only one specimen of the species was collected near the Sierra de Quila Flora and Fauna Protection Area, and the rest of specimens are distributed in areas with no protection (Fig. 4). Discussion:— Lamourouxia viscosa is the most widely distributed and collected species of the genus, from northern Mexico to Panama. During the revision of main herbaria from Mexico, hundreds of specimens of the genus determined as L. viscosa were found, including specimens of the section Lamourouxia, which the species does not belong. This is due to the morphological variation that occurs in the species. The description of L. viscosa published in the treatment of the genus includes a brief description of a similar taxon “probably closest to L. viscosa ” (Ernst 1972: 49), which possesses membranous and narrow leaves with widely spaced teeth. This taxon was not formally named neither validly published. The next paragraph contains the morphological description of L. viscosa, where the leaves were described to be broadly or narrowly ovate to elliptical or lanceolate. Here, we proposed L. pacifica as a different species by its distinguishable shape of the leaves, which are linear to linear-lanceolate. The leaves also have a greater number of spaced teeth, up to 37 on each side, while L. viscosa has up to 27 teeth per side. The pattern of venation in the abaxial surface of the leaves of L. viscosa is reticulate with very conspicuous primary, secondary, and tertiary veins (distinguished from the rest of the genus as “prominent reticulate tertiary veins”) (Ernst 1972). On the other hand, the pattern in L. pacifica is brochidodromous, with primary and secondary veins conspicuous. Other character that can help to identify L. pacifica is the presence of linear to linear-lanceolate bracts at the base of the inflorescence (lower bracts). In contrast, L. viscosa generally shows bracts ovate, which have the same shape along the inflorescence. Another feature that can be perceived in field is the texture of the leaves. Typically, the leaves of L. viscosa are strongly coriaceous and sometimes contact with teeth can hurt. Contrarily, leaves of L. pacifica are membranous and soft to the touch. All these differences allow to establish L. pacifica as a separate species. A detailed morphological comparison with respect to widespread L. viscosa is shown in the Table 3 and Fig. 6. (1972). Additional specimens examined (Paratypes):— MEXICO. Sinaloa: Mesa Malqueson, Cerro Colorado, 2500 ft, 08 December 1939, Gentry 5168 (MEXU!). Durango: Tamazula, La Bajada, 1750 m, November 1922, González-Ortega 563 (MEXU!). Nayarit: Tepic, 1 km al SW de El Cuarenteño camino a El Cora o 4 km al N del entronque del camino El Cora-Papapitas, 820 m, 16 May 1994, Flores-Franco et al. 3458 (MEXU!); W-SW flank of Volcan Sanganguey, track from highway to Guadalajara ca. 6 km SE of San Cayetano, 1400 m, 13 January 1993, Mayfield et al. 1657 (MEXU!); Tepic, Las Tierritas, 2 km al NE del Izote, Cerro San Juan, 1200 m, 23 March 1989, Tenorio et al. 15610 (MEXU!). Jalisco: Ayotitlán, al NNE de Ayotitlán, 1320 m, 26 February 1987, Alcocer et al. 242 (IBUG!); Cabo Corrientes (El Tuito), alrededores de La Báscula, por el camino a El Cuale, 815 m, 24 February 1993, Castillo-Campos et al. 10281 (XAL!). Cabo Corrientes, La Puerta, 500 m, 27 February 1993, Castillo-Campos et al. 10489 (XAL!); Tecalitlán, Sierra del Halo, predio Las Palomas y Los Fresnos, 12 km en línea recta al E de Pihuamo, 3.5 km al O de Alotitlán, alrededores del Puerto de Ortiz, 1750 m, 22 April 2012, Castro-Castro et al. 2789 (XAL!); Cabo Corrientes, Carretera Puerto Vallarta - El Tuito km 178, 700 m, 06 March 2021, García et al. 338, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 1058 (IBUG!); Cabo Corrientes, camino El Tuito – minas de Zimapán, 820 m, 06 March 2021, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 1059 (IBUG!). Key for the species of the section Hemispadon (Modified from Ernst 1972). 1. Calyx and leaves pubescent................................................................................................................................................................2 - Calyx and leaves glabrous or glabrate................................................................................................................................................3 2. Leaves sessile.....................................................................................................................................................................................4 - Leaves petiolate..................................................................................................................................................................................5 3. Leaves ovate, elliptical to obovate.....................................................................................................................................................6 - Leaves lanceolate to subulate.............................................................................................................................................................7 4. Calyx with glandular trichomes..........................................................................................................................................................8 - Calyx with non-glandular trichomes..................................................................................................................................................9 5. Leaves lanceolate, 50 mm or more long; calyx lobes 10–12 mm long, glandular............................................................ L. jaliscana - Leaves ovate, up to 25 mm long; calyx lobes 2–5 mm long, not glandular.................................................................... L. gutierrezii 6. Leaves 18–28 mm long....................................................................................................................................................................10 - Leaves less than 10 mm long........................................................................................................................................ L. microphylla 7. Inflorescence tips ascending; calyx lobes 6 mm or less long; branching ascending........................................................................11 - Inflorescence tips patent; calyx lobes 6–15 mm long; branching at nearly right angles................................................. L. lanceolata 8. Leaves narrowly or broadly ovate to lanceolate, truncate or cordate at base; same shape of bracts along the inflorescence.........12 - Leaves linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, cuneate or rounded at base; two shapes of bracts at inflorescence............... L. pacifica 9. Calyx lobes entire.............................................................................................................................................................................13 - Calyx lobes frequently irregular to dentate............................................................................................................... L. rhinanthifolia 10. Leaves elliptical to obovate; calyx lobes up to 2 mm long, corolla 45–49 mm long, 8–10 mm wide................................ L. gracilis - Leaves ovate, calyx lobes 4–6 mm long, corolla up to 35 mm long, up to 7 mm wide...................................................... L. colimae 11. Leaf blades subulate, irregularly dentate, up to 3 mm wide............................................................................................. L. tenuifolia - Leaf blades lanceolate, sub-entire, 3–7 mm wide......................................................................................................... L. integerrima 12. Leaves up to 15 mm wide, not scabrous, margins up to 14 dentate on a side, not reticulate below, calyx lobes 4–27 mm long..................................................................................................................................................................................................... L. nelsonii - Leaves 15 mm or more wide, often scabrous, margin 14 or more dentate on a side, reticulate venation standing out below, calyx lobes 2–4 mm long............................................................................................................................................................... L. viscosa 13. Leaves elliptic to oblong, up to 29 mm wide, rounded at base; lobes of the lower lip patent........................................ L. avendanoi - Leaves ovate, 29–38 mm wide, conspicuously cordate at base; lobes of the lower lip revolute.......................................... L. smithii, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2022, Two new species of Lamourouxia section Hemispadon (Orobanchaceae) from western Mexico, pp. 51-66 in Phytotaxa 549 (1) on pages 58-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6605334, {"references":["Lindley, J. (1843) Miscellaneous matter of the Botanical Register. Edward's Botanical Register 29: 1 - 85.","Linnaeus, C. (1763) Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Ed. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 784 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11179","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

Lamourouxia avendanoi Franc.Gut. sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3 A, C). Lamourouxia avendanoi belongs to the section Hemispadon and it can be distinguished from the other species by the presence of sessile and elliptic, broadly elliptic to oblong leaves with base rounded, calyx not glandular, and patent lobes of the lower lip of the corolla. Type:— MEXICO. Nayarit: Nayar [Zacatecas: Valparaíso], 50 km al NE de Jesús María, carr. a Huejuquilla, 2000–2230 m, 13 September 1989, Pedro Tenorio-Lezama & Gabriel Flores-Franco 16022 (holotype MEXU!). Herbs 40–60 cm tall, stems erect, hirsute with non-glandular trichomes. Leaves opposite, sessile, elliptic, broadly elliptic to oblong, 24–56 × 17–29 mm, margin dentate to crenate, 6–16 teeth per side, 0.5–3.3 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes short-acuminate, base rounded, lamina membranous and pilose with non-glandular trichomes. Inflorescence ascendent, a raceme, pedicels 0.8–3.3 × 1 mm, one bract per flower. Bracts obovate to ovate, 8–25 × 3–20 mm, apex acute, base rounded, margin dentate, 0–7 teeth per side, each tooth 0.5–2 × 4.3–4.9 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4.3–13 × 3.9–6 mm, pubescent, four-lobed, each lobe triangular, 2.6–7 × 1.1–4.4 mm, apex acute, margin entire, pubescent with non-glandular trichomes. Corolla tubular, 27–54 × 6–10 mm, bilabiate, the upper lip 14–30 mm long, margin not reflexed; lower lip 7–24 × 2 mm, stretched in the middle and the apex three-lobed, each lobe 1.1–3.3 × 0.9 mm, expanded in mature flowers. Stamens exserted, filaments 35–38 mm long, anthers ca. 3.4 mm long, lanose, whitish. Style 37–47 mm long, persistent in fruiting. Stigma capitate, 1–1.4 × 0.9 mm. Fruit a capsule, ovoid, 8.3–9.8 × 5.4–6 mm, glabrous. Distribution and Ecology:— This species inhabits oak, pine-oak, and tropical deciduous forests at elevations from 1325 to 2280 m a.s.l. The species was photographed by Ana Nuño (https://www.naturalista.mx/observations/83154395) in the municipality of Bolaños, Jalisco, but no specimens from this state were found during the herbaria revision (Fig. 2). Herbarium specimens from the states of Durango, Nayarit, and Zacatecas, Mexico were revised (Fig. 3). The species is distributed near to El Salto area, considered as a hotspot of Mexican endemic angiosperms (Sosa & De-Nova 2012). Phenology:— Flowers and fruits are recorded from July to October. Etymology:— The epithet honors Sergio Avendaño-Reyes, a Mexican botanist, and curator of the XAL herbarium from 2009 to 2020. He also has contributed to the knowledge of the flora of Veracruz with taxonomic studies of several families. Conservation status: — Lamourouxia avendanoi is a range-restricted species, known from eight locations in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 15,644.73 km 2, and area of occupancy (AOO) is 32 km 2. Its forest habitat is inferred to be declining due to accelerated deforestation, fragmentation of habitats, and reduction in the forest densities occurred in the last decades (González-Elizondo et al. 2013). The species is listed as Vulnerable species VU B2b(ii,iii). Most specimens are distributed within the Cuenca Alimentadora del Distrito Nacional de Riego 043 Estado de Nayarit, a Natural Resources Protection Area that covers the states of Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Durango, Nayarit, and Zacatecas, Mexico (Fig. 4). Discussion:—Specimens of Lamourouxia avendanoi were determined as belonging to L. viscosa Kunth (1818: 338), the species most variable morphologically in the genus and one of the few species distributed in the northern states of Mexico. The confusion arises by the similitude of the toothed leaves. The leaves of L. avendanoi are elliptic to broadly elliptic, while the leaves of L. viscosa are broadly or narrowly ovate to elliptical or lanceolate, but the absence of glandular trichomes in the calyx is a feature not shared with L. viscosa. The key presented by Ernst (1972) refers to L. smithii Robinson & Greenman (1895: 172) as the only species in section Hemispadon with calyx not glandular and sessile leaves ovate. The notably different shape of the leaves regarding L. smithii, and other characters are presented in Table 2. Geographically, the species are isolated from each other. Lamourouxia avendanoi is distributed in the western states of Durango, Jalisco, and Nayarit. In contrast, L. smithii was reported as endemic to the southern state of Oaxaca. Additional specimens examined (Paratypes):— MEXICO. Durango: Pueblo Nuevo, La Yerbabuena, comunidad San Bernardino de Milpillas, 2280 m, 26 September 1981, Pérez 797 (ENCB!); Mezquital, Aprox. 4 km de La Guajolota, 11 September 1985, Solís 257 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); El Salto, Pie de Cuesta 4 km al S de Pueblo Nuevo, 1860 m, 02 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6169 (MEXU!); Toyaltita, Carboneras 54 Km al SW de San Miguel de Cruces, brecha a Toyaltita, 1800 m, 06 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6246 (MEXU!). Zacatecas: [Valparaíso], 31 km al NE de Jesús María, camino Jesús María-Huejuquilla, 1430 m, 27 July 1990, Flores-Franco et al. 2103 (MEXU!). Nayarit: El Nayar, Arroyo de La Taberna northwest of Mesa del Nayar, 1325 m, 13 August 1980, Breedlove & Almeda 45556 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2022, Two new species of Lamourouxia section Hemispadon (Orobanchaceae) from western Mexico, pp. 51-66 in Phytotaxa 549 (1) on pages 54-58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6605334, {"references":["Sosa, V. & De-Nova, A. (2012) Endemic angiosperm lineages in Mexico: Hotspots for conservation. Acta Botanica Mexicana 100: 293 - 315.","Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. S., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M., Ruacho-Gonzalez, L., Lopez-Enriquez, I. L., Retana-Renteria, F. I. & Tena-Flores, J. A. (2013) Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental. In: Gottfried, G. J., Ffolliott, P. F., Gebow, B. S., Eskew, L. G. & Collins, L. C. (Comps.) Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipielago III. Proceedings RMRS-P- 67. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, pp. 203 - 211.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Robinson, B. L. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 9: 169 - 174."]}

[SPA] Esta tesis doctoral se presenta bajo la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones. El vuelco de tractores es la principal causa de muerte en la agricultura. En USA, cerca del 50% de estas muertes provienen de vuelcos (HOSTA, 2004). En Australia, entre 2004–2007 se produjeron 65 accidentes, de los que 17 fueron mortales (26%) por vuelco (SWA, 2011). Una encuesta de la Comisión Europea revela que en el 40% de los casos, las lesiones y muertes graves durante los vuelcos de tractor ocurrieron cuando la ROPS no iba desplegada (Hoy, 2009). En España, entre 2004-2008, el vuelco representa el 70% de las muertes (Arana et al., 2010). En Murcia, entre 2005-2012 se produjeron 44 vuelcos de tractor, 29 mortales; en el 77% de los accidentes el tractor llevaba arco de seguridad (ROPS) homologado, pero abatida con el conductor desprotegido (Martín Górriz et al., 2012). Los objetivos de esta tesis se resumen en: Diseñar, calcular, prototipar y ensayar un dispositivo de accionamiento automático de estructuras de protección abatibles en tractores agrícolas y desarrollar un simulador de conducción con realidad virtual inmersiva para el entrenamiento de tractoristas. Los resultados alcanzados en la tesis se concretan en: Patente-ES2452489. Sistema de protección antivuelco para vehículos agrícolas. Propuesta de diseño y construcción de una estructura de protección desplegable automáticamente. El prototipo, denominado HydraROPS, presenta dos niveles para la elevación del arco de seguridad plegable. En el primer nivel, el conductor decide cambiar la posición del arco de seguridad utilizando el dispositivo. En el segundo nivel, la activación se realiza sin su intervención. En caso de vuelco, se envía un mensaje con la ubicación GPS a emergencias. La ROPS se activa con la hidráulica del tractor. Para aumentar la velocidad de despliegue se incluyó un acumulador de presión. Desarrollo de un sistema hidráulico automático para el despliegue del arco de seguridad en tractores agrícolas Los vuelcos del tractor están relacionados con sus dimensiones, centro de gravedad, velocidad, radio de giro y terreno. La estabilidad se puede clasificar en estática y dinámica. Para automatizar el control de la ROPS se emplea primero un índice de estabilidad basado en la estática. Se utilizó el modelo propuesto por Liu y Ayers (1998): índice de estabilidad calculado combinando el ángulo lateral y frontal (SICOM). Después se introdujo la componente dinámica para el cálculo de la estabilidad. Se ensayó el tiempo de despliegue. El uso de un acumulador de presión redujo el tiempo en un 71%. El sistema electrónico predice correctamente el vuelco; cuando el índice de estabilidad está por debajo de 0.4, activa una señal acústica, cuando está por debajo de 0.2 despliega el arco. En caso de accidente, envía ubicación a emergencias. Se registra la información útil para reconstruir el accidente. HydraROPS es compatible con estructuras certificadas de protección. El tiempo de despliegue conseguido (

En el tercer capítulo, figuran los casos a analizar Respecto de la monarquía son Carlos IV (acceso tras fallecimiento del titular) Fernando VII (acceso por abdicación del titular), Amadeo I (acceso por elección de una nueva casa reinante), Alfonso XII (acceso por elección de restauración de la Casa de Borbón), Alfonso XIII (acceso tras una Regencia). También se analiza la República (Niceto Alcalá Zamora) y Dictadura (Francisco Franco). Finalizaremos con el análisis de la jura y proclamación de Felipe VI (acceso por abdicación), partiendo del precedente de Juan Carlos I (Monarquía, por designación del dictador como sucesor a titulo de rey y posterior reinstauración de la Casa de Borbón). Como conclusión verificamos nuestra hipótesis de partida de que existe una línea de continuidad en el ceremonial de acceso a la Jefatura del Estado en nuestra historia constitucional en los siglos XIX y XX, solo condicionado por la presencia de algunas de las variables señaladas. La valoración de las ceremonias de acceso al poder de Felipe VI nos muestra “una renovación ceremonial incompleta y con elementos perturbadores”. El análisis de la proxemia, la cronemia y la colocación de los públicos internos en el escenario ha contribuido a alterar al mensaje que se pretendía trasmitir y nos muestran una monarquía diferente a la recogida en nuestra constitución, produciendo una impostura en aras a la consolidación de una monarquía de partidos, y la supeditación del monarca al partido que ostente el poder ejecutivo (bien por haber salido de las urnas, bien por haber realizado pactos), demostrando la Hipótesis 2. Fecha de lectura de Tesis Doctoral: 12-6-2020 Nuestra hipótesis de partida es que existe una continuidad del protocolo en el ceremonial de acceso a las instituciones políticas superiores de España a lo largo del constitucionalismo decimonónico, modulado en función de una serie de variables según la forma de estado, la forma de gobierno y la forma de acceso al poder. No obstante, la instauración de la Monarquía en la figura de Juan Carlos I, ha supuesto cambios importantes que se concretan en una monarquía parlamentaria, pero que cuando observamos el orden ceremonial en la trasmisión de poderes de Juan Carlos I a Felipe VI, y en el acceso de éste último a la Corona, vemos una quiebra importante en el ceremonial que emite un mensaje y una imagen que encierra una realidad totalmente distinta respecto del sistema político que subyace en el fondo del mismo. Tras una introducción en la que tienen cabida los elementos justificativos de la misma, el estado de la cuestión, así como los objetivos e hipótesis y metodología empleada, un segundo capítulo tratará de la fundamentación teórica que da pie a la investigación, centrada en el protocolo como disciplina trasversal resaltando su carácter multidisciplinar. El planteamiento metodológico de esta tesis parte con carácter general de la utilización de forma multidisciplinar combinada con carácter holístico de múltiples métodos de investigación, en aras a conseguir una mejor proyección de la investigación. Por ello comenzamos con la utilización del método histórico, junto con el método jurídico y con métodos cualitativos basados en el análisis de casos y el método comparativo.

[SPA] Un uso inadecuado de la estructura abatible de protección (ROPS) en los tractores agrícolas es la principal causa de accidentes por vuelco. Para resolver este problema, se ha diseñado, construido y ensayado un dispositivo de accionamiento automático del ROPS. El prototipo, HydraROPS, se basa en dos modos de actuación, uno manual y otro automático sin la intervención del conductor cuando el vuelco es inminente. En este modo, además se envía un SMS con la ubicación GPS para contactar con emergencias. Para el accionamiento de la estructura de protección se emplea el circuito hidráulico del tractor. Con el fin de aumentar la velocidad de activación del ROPS, se acopló un acumulador de presión en el circuito hidráulico. Los tiempos de despliegue del ROPS sin y con el acumulador de presión fueron 2,599 s y 0,743 s respectivamente reduciendo el tiempo de despliegue en un 71%; HydraROPS se puede instalar en tractores equipados con estructuras de protección homologadas. [ENG] An inadequate use of the deployable Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) in agricultural tractors contributes to fatalities in rollover events. To resolve this problem, an automatically deployable ROPS was designed, constructed and tested. The prototype, HydraROPS, established two assistance levels, manual activation on the board and automatic change to the operative position occurs in situations of impending rollover, without the intervention of the driver. In this level, it automatically sends a SMS with the GPS location to contact emergencies. The tractor’s hydraulic power was used to move the protective structure. In order to increase the deployment speed of ROPS, a pressure accumulator was included in the hydraulic circuit. The deployment time of the ROPS without and with the pressure accumulator were 2.599 s and 0.743 s respectively, reducing the deployment time of ROPS by 71%; HydraROPS can be installed on tractors equipped with a certified rollover protective structure. Al ISSL de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia por la financiación del proyecto.

El presente Proyecto Fin de Carrera se ha realizado en la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena dentro del ámbito del proyecto de investigación “Nuevos Dispositivos de Seguridad en Máquinas” financiado por la Dirección General de Trabajo de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia y supone un avance en el desarrollo de un sistema de accionamiento automático del arco antivuelco de tractores. En el contexto del proyecto de NDSM se están desarrollando trabajos de investigación relativos al desarrollo electrónico, mecánico e hidráulico del sistema de accionamiento antivuelco de tractores. De forma paralela y complementaria se están desarrollando trabajos de simulación dinámica del vuelco del tractor, que se exponen en el presente trabajo. Este PFC se muestra cómo se ha validado el uso de técnicas de modelado y de simulación dinámica computacional para llevar a cabo ensayos del comportamiento ante el vuelco de un ROPS (Roll Over Protection Structure) desplegable automáticamente construido para tractores agrícolas. Las etapas de este proyecto son: 1. Selección de un vehículo a escala 1:16. 2. Modelado del vehículo elegido. 3. Construcción de una superficie de revolución sobre la que practicar los ensayos de vuelco. 4. Modelado de la superficie de ensayo. 5. Realización de ensayos con la maqueta del tractor y la plataforma con la superficie de ensayo construida. 6. Simulación de los citados ensayos. 7. Comparación de resultados. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Se presenta una solución para la gestión de la prevención que consiste en un conjunto software-hardware que permite gestionar los permisos de trabajo para el uso de equipos, máquinas, vehículos y los accesos a los lugares en diferentes formas, incluidas las tareas especiales. El citado software está vinculado con el elemento de hardware asociado a cada uno de los entes que integre el sistema de gestión, mediante comunicación entre ambos. El trabajador dispone de una tarjeta que le permite interaccionar con aquellos equipos y lugares para los que dispone de permiso y le impide el uso, arranque o acceso al resto. El técnico de prevención puede programar la actividad, visualizarla, desde un ordenador, en tiempo real y conceder y denegar permisos. Los permisos de uso se vinculan con la existencia de formación, así como con la caducidad y la actualización de la misma. El software es muy intuitivo y puede ser utilizado por cualquier persona con mínimos conocimientos de informática. El elemento hardware, que se enclava a cada equipo, máquina o vehículo no altera su funcionamiento. El desenclavamiento del elemento deja rastro. Mediante la herramienta diseñada se podrá disponer de los datos acumulados de usos y accesos. Los intentos de uso no autorizados por parte de un trabajador se registran como incidencias. La solución desarrollada se está ensayando como experiencia piloto en tres empresas con diferente actividad. Se trata de una herramienta que facilita la integración de la prevención en la organización de la empresa. Agradecimientos al Instituto de Seguridad y Salud Laboral y a la Dirección General de Trabajo de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia y a la Empresa G´s España.

El importante desarrollo que han tenido en las últimas décadas las técnicas asociadas al diseño y más concretamente de paquetes informáticos de diseño como Solidworks o Catia permite desarrollar desde su origen máquinas y equipos de trabajo en los que incorporar dispositivos de seguridad y someter al conjunto a simulaciones de comportamiento mecánico en las que, modificando determinadas variables, observar la respuesta de todo el sistema con el fin de comprobar su eficacia, lo cual supone un importante avance en muchos casos en los que ensayar la utilidad de un nuevo dispositivo de seguridad en caso de accidente podría conllevar riesgos innecesarios y costes muy elevados. Por otra parte, una vez hecho el desarrollo del trabajo, las escenas creadas en las que se reproduce un determinado accidente pueden ser utilizadas mediante la técnica de inmersión en realidad virtual como herramientas para formar e informar a los trabajadores. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de varias escenas asociadas a dos tipos de accidentes que bien por frecuencia bien por gravedad son considerados muy importantes dentro del ámbito de la seguridad. Concretamente se trata de una serie de escenas en las que se ha provocado el vuelco de un tractor y de las que se ha conseguido obtener información del comportamiento del mismo cuando es sometido a distintas variables (velocidad, inclinación, aceleración o combinaciones de cualquiera de las anteriores). También se presenta otra serie de escenas asociadas con un accidente en el que se produce atrapamiento (riesgo mecánico) como consecuencia del excesivo acercamiento de una extremidad a una curvadora de rodillos. En ambos casos se muestra la utilidad de la realidad virtual inmersiva que se presenta de un modo hiperrealista y en la que hay una implicación sensorial por parte del individuo y que permite al operador experimentar de un modo controlado un supuesto accidente. El presente trabajo ha sido posible gracias a la financiación y el apoyo de la Dirección General de Trabajo y el Instituto de Seguridad y Salud de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia

La mayoría de riesgos mecánicos se relaciona con la posibilidad de contacto entre una extremidad del operario con la parte móvil de una máquina cuyas consecuencias pueden ser variadas pero en cualquier caso nocivas para el trabajador. Esas partes móviles a las que no debe acceder la extremidad pueden tener que ser accesibles al material con el que se trabaja, de modo que, en ocasiones, cuando se produce un descuido del operario es posible que se permita el acceso casi siempre de las manos a esos lugares pudiéndose producir accidentes (cortes, atrapamientos, aplastamientos…) Para reducir la siniestralidad en estos entornos industriales donde se trabaja con máquinas-herramientas se desarrolló y se publicó en el pasado ORP 2014 un proyecto piloto basado en el uso de una cámara termográfica capaz de discernir por diferencia de temperatura entre la citada extremidad o el material. Sin embargo, el excesivo coste de este tipo de cámaras respecto al de la propia máquina herramienta haría poco viable su utilización en multitud de situaciones. Para salvar esta dificultad y con el fin de hacer una propuesta fácilmente asimilable en cualquier industria, se ha desarrollado un dispositivo de seguridad adaptable a cada situación al que se le ha dado el nombre de ventana de infrarrojos. La citada ventana cubre el perímetro necesario en cada situación que se corresponde con los lugares por los que se podría tener acceso a la parte móvil de la máquina, se basa en el empleo simultáneo de varios sensores de termografía infrarroja de muy bajo coste que se sitúan como vigilantes en el perímetro de la ventana y que permiten comprobar constantemente que nos se produzca el paso de la extremidad del operario a través de la misma. El número de sensores es el suficiente para cubrir el área que se quiere vigilar. Existe un algoritmo que permite tomar las decisiones en función de la lectura de todos los sensores para activar el protocolo de seguridad. Obviamente, el paso a través de la misma del material con el que se está trabajando no altera el procedimiento de trabajo. La ventana actúa en caso de necesidad antes de que se produzca el accidente, emitiendo una señal acústica de peligro y parando la máquina si llega a invadirse un espacio no tolerable. Para la realización de los ensayos de validación del dispositivo se ha utilizado una prótesis que simula una mano humana con el fin de realizarlos sin peligro para la integridad física de los investigadores. Se ha estudiado el rango de temperaturas cuerpo-ambiente en el que es de utilidad este dispositivo. El presente trabajo ha sido posible gracias a la financiación y el apoyo de la Dirección General de Trabajo y el Instituto de Seguridad y Salud de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia

Número de publicación: 2 452 489 Número de solicitud: 201430348 Sistema de protección antivuelco para vehículos agrícolas, especialmente tractores, que comprende un arco de seguridad (1) acoplado en sus dos extremos al chasis (3) del vehículo y unos medios de accionamiento hidráulico, preferentemente un pistón hidráulico (2) en cada extremo del arco de seguridad (1), encargados de extender, mediante giro a través de al menos una articulación (4), el arco de seguridad (1) de una posición de reposo a una posición vertical. El accionamiento puede ser realizado manualmente por el conductor o de forma automática, activado por medios sensores (47) que detectan la inclinación del vehículo. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Resumen basado en el de la publicación Se presenta una investigación que pretende identificar las dificultades de los estudiantes de doctorado cuando escriben su trabajo de investigación y analizar las estrategias de revisión colaborativa que son capaces de utilizar frente a estas dificultades. Se toma como muestra seis estudiantes de doctorado que revisaron en parejas tres versiones de sus respectivos proyectos de tesis. Se analiza el discurso de cada pareja en las sesiones de revisión (18 horas) y los cambios introducidos en los textos (18 borradores). Los resultados indican que los problemas para conectar la información son los más frecuentes. El análisis detallado de los datos indica que en ocasiones la intencionalidad comunicativa no se corresponde con el tipo de recurso utilizado y que las estrategias de revisión sólo son eficaces si los estudiantes pueden definir adecuadamente los problemas de texto. Se comentan las implicaciones educativas de estos resultados. Madrid Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ESP

Póster elaborado para la 25th General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society celebrada en Niza, Francia del 25 al 29 de abril de 2000

[Esp]Desde la inclusión de la mujer al mundo laboral han existido empleos y profesiones con división en materia de género, problema que sigue existiendo en la actualidad y cuya finalidad es desarrollarse para optar a un entorno laboral donde prime la igualdad. Dos aspectos importantes para reducir la segregación horizontal son la precariedad y la desigualdad laboral, pudiéndose utilizar como hoja de ruta el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número 5: “Igualdad de género” para evitar dichos aspectos y lograr la igualdad entre los géneros en cualquier plan de prevención de riesgo laborales. Para que un plan de prevención de riesgos laborales resulte efectivo, la perspectiva de género debe de ser un aspecto fundamental. Con ello, se podrá llevar a cabo una valiosa vigilancia de la salud y actividades preventivas adecuadas para alcanzar una completa prevención de riesgos laborales.[Eng]Since the inclusion of women in the labor market, there have been jobs and professions with gender division, a problem that continues to exist today and whose purpose is to develop in order to opt for a work environment where equality prevails. Two important aspects to reduce horizontal segregation are job insecurity and inequality, and Sustainable Development Goal 5: "Gender equality" can be used as a roadmap to avoid these aspects and achieve gender equality in any occupational risk prevention plan. For an occupational risk prevention plan to be effective, the gender perspective must be a fundamental aspect. With this, valuable health surveillance and appropriate preventive activities can be carried out to achieve complete occupational risk prevention. Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Tras el gran impacto a nivel social por la pandemia mundial a raíz de la enfermedad COVID-19, causada por el Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, la humanidad ha tenido que implantar medidas restrictivas como el aislamiento social, cuarentenas, cancelación de eventos, cierres de establecimientos y medidas de higiene importantes para evitar el colapso hospitalario, así como muchas muertes humanas. Tras varios estudios, se ha comprobado que el virus es susceptible a la radiación ultravioleta UV-C. Con un sistema germicida basado en radiación UV-C, se puede lograr una esterilización del virus en entornos sanitarios que permita una mayor esterilización del entorno en menos tiempo, y sin dejar residuos, al contrario que una desinfección química. Es por ello que el presente proyecto se centrará en el diseño e implantación de un prototipo de sistema de esterilización UV-C para entornos sanitarios que ayude a complementar una mayor acción germicida o al menos agilizar el proceso de esterilización y lograr un entorno más seguro. Dicho sistema contará con elementos de seguridad y una App para su control. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

[Esp]El Valle de Escombreras constituye posiblemente el núcleo industrial químico-energético más importante de la región de Murcia y uno de los más importantes de España, en los últimos años se ha producido un incremento impetuoso del tráfico de mercancías y de actividad industrial y energética de dicho ámbito. Todo este crecimiento saca a relucir la pertinencia de realizar un estudio más exhaustivo que permita un desarrollo ordenado y planificado de la movilidad dentro del Valle de Escombreras, ya que, como se ha mencionado, son más de cuarenta las empresas que coexisten en este recinto, circulando por los accesos existentes al mismo tiempo los vehículos de sus trabajadores así como contratistas y otros, además del transporte de todo tipo de mercancías relacionadas con el sector de actividad de las empresas implicadas, algunas, de un riesgo considerable. Esto incluye, el paso de cisternas transportadoras de productos derivados del petróleo, productos químicos, fertilizantes, eco carburantes, grano y semillas, gas natural, aceites técnicos, productos inorgánicos, etc... lo cual demuestra el alto riesgo que se concentra en los desplazamientos que se producen en este entorno industrial. La idea principal de este proyecto va destinada a abordar los objetivos que se plantean y estudiar los riesgos existentes, para proponer alternativas de movilidad que faciliten la entrada y salida de los vehículos industriales y particulares de las empresas y los trabajadores del recinto, mejorando la seguridad vial. [Eng]The Escombreras Valley is possibly the most important chemical-energy industrial nucleus in the Murcia region and one of the most important in Spain, in recent years there has been an impetuous increase in the traffic of goods and industrial and energy activity of said ambit. All this growth highlights the relevance of carrying out a more exhaustive study that allows an orderly and planned development of mobility within the Escombreras Valley, since, as mentioned, there are more than 40 companies that coexist in this area, circulating through the existing accesses at the same time the vehicles of its workers as well as contractors and others, in addition to the transport of all kinds of goods related to the sector of activity of the companies involved, some of them of considerable risk. This includes the passage of transporting tanks for petroleum products, chemical products, fertilizers, eco-fuels, grain and seeds, natural gas, technical oils, inorganic products, etc ... which shows the high risk that is concentrated in the displacements that take place. produced in this industrial environment. The main idea of this project is intended to address the objectives that are set and study the existing risks, to propose mobility alternatives that facilitate the entry and exit of industrial and private vehicles of the companies and workers of the site, improving safety vial. Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Realizar escenas de realidad virtual interactivas que permitan recorrer la vía de evacuación a seguir por el usuario en caso de emergencia. - Configurar una aplicación móvil que permita a los usuarios de espacios de la UPCT (estudiantes,PAS, PDI, visitantes...) descargar y realizar, guiados por ella, el recorrido de evacuación en caso emergencia, desde su posición en tiempo real hasta la salida de evacuación más próxima. - Facilitar a los usuarios de espacios una alternativa dinámica y en primera persona, del recorrido y vía de evacuación que en caso de emergencia deben seguir para salir del edificio de la mejor manera y con una mayor seguridad. Resumen de la Oferta: Este proyecto pretende introducir el uso de nuevas tecnologías para la realización de tareas en PRL que confieren un carácter innovador a la forma en la que actualmente se confecciona y se muestra la información y documentación referente a la evacuación de espacios frente a una emergencia, es una forma actualizada de incluir desarrollos audiovisuales, que permitan hacer conocedores a los usuarios de espacios, de una forma activa, de las medidas de autoprotección en caso de emergencia. Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

En los orígenes ante loscambios medioambientales y desastres naturales, el significado de autoprotección pasó de una definición muy básica del concepto definido por“la protección propia de la persona como individuo, es decir de uno mismo”, a tener un concepto más elaborado definido por: “la protección propia de las personas y sus bienes frente a diferentes situaciones de riesgo”. Con el paso del tiempose presentaron diferentes situaciones que llevaron al concepto de autoprotección a evolucionar entre la población. Los ciudadanos tuvieron que tomar conciencia de los riesgos que existen,y ser conocedores de las medidas de actuación y acciones de protecciónque deben seguir. El crecimiento de la industria y los avances en tecnología dieron paso a nuevos riesgos, en estos casos mucho más complejos y específicos. Los peligrospropios naturales y los específicos dieron lugar a nuevos riesgos a tratar en estasociedad moderna e industria avanzada.Por estos motivos y para alcanzar una mayor seguridad, se incrementó el grado de autoprotección, dado el alto nivel de riesgo derivado de las actividades industriales, productivas y sociales. La obligación de los poderes públicos de garantizar el derecho a la vida y a la integridad física, como el más importante de todos los derechos fundamentales, incluido en el artículo 15 de la Constitución Española(1),debe plantearse no sólo de forma que los ciudadanos alcancen la protección a través de las Administraciones Públicas, sino que se ha de procurar la adopción de medidas destinadas a la prevención y control de riesgos en su origen, así como a la actuación inicial en las situaciones de emergencia que pudieran presentarse.La Ley 2/1985 de 21 de enero, sobre Protección Civil (2),contempla aspectos relativos a la autoprotección, Artículo 6: “Los Centros, establecimientos y dependencias a que se refiere el artículoprecedente dispondrán de un sistema de autoprotección, dotado con sus propios recursos, y del correspondiente plan de emergencia para acciones de prevención de riesgos, alarma, evacuación y socorro”, “Se promoverá la constitución de organizaciones de autoprotección entre las empresas de especial peligrosidad, a las que las Administraciones públicas, en el marco de sus competencias, facilitaran asesoramiento técnico y asistencia.Por parte de las distintas Administraciones Públicas se han desarrollado normas legales, reglamentarias y técnicas en materia de prevención y control de riesgos, que constituyen una buena base para el desarrollo de acciones preventivas y en consecuencia de la autoprotección. Entre ellas, destacar la Ley 31/1995, de 8 de noviembre(3),de prevención de riesgos laborales, cuyo objeto es promover la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores mediante la aplicación de medidas y el desarrollo de las actividades necesarias para la prevención de riesgos derivados del trabajo. Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

La conducta suicida es una variable de enorme importancia clínica y de difícil manejo en el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP). Entre el 60 y el 70% de los pacientes con TLP llevan a cabo intentos de suicidio, y por término medio realizan 3,3 intentos de suicidio a lo largo de su vida. Los rasgos patológicos de personalidad del TLP intervienen como factores de riesgo de conductas suicidas en confluencia con otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas asociadas al TLP (como son algunos antecedentes personales, del tipo de abusos en la infancia, o antecedentes de intentos previos de suicidio), con otros diagnósticos psicopatológicos, y con variables biológicas, genéticas y ambientales. Asimismo, distintos autores señalan la importancia de los pacientes que han realizado autolesiones sin finalidad suicida (NSSI) como grupo que presenta alto riesgo de suicidio...

Este Plan de Seguridad y Salud (PSS) es redactado para cumplir con la ley 31/1995 de prevención de riesgos laborales. En el artículo 7 del R.D. 1627/1997 de 24 de octubre se establecen las disposiciones mínimas de Seguridad y Salud en las obras de construcción. Sobre el estudio de seguridad y salud aportado por la promotora VARIA PALM BEACH II, S.L. se realiza el PSS adaptado al sistema de ejecución de la empresa contratista, VIGAMAR VIVIENDAS S.L., para poder garantizar la salud e integridad física de los trabajadores y personas del entorno. En nuestro caso en particular, la promotora ofertó unas obras que estaban a mitad de ejecución (estando todo el movimiento de tierras y estructura finalizada), y se tuvo que adaptar nuestro PSS a dicha obra con sus partidas correspondientes. El PSS fue redactado y entregado para comenzar la obra, para ello se siguieron los siguientes pasos: la empresa promotora redactó y firmó la aprobación del PSS y se habilitó el libro de incidencias, sellado y visado por el colegio. Una vez obtenida la aprobación del PSS, se habilitó el libro de subcontratación para poder obtener la apertura de trabajo. Antes de comenzar los trabajos se firmó el acta de coordinación de seguridad y salud y acta de dirección técnica e inicio de obra. Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

En los ambientes de oficina con frecuencia se realizan tareas en las que se utilizan equipos que producen un alto nivel de ruido, lo que puede producir problemas en la salud de los trabajadores y por tanto la prevención de riesgos laborales encuentra en este campo una línea de intervención a atender.Con el fin de reducir el nivel de ruido de equipos informáticos presentes en oficinas, se pretende plantear una posible solución que consistirá en el diseño de un medio capaz de retener el sonido del equipo que emiteun nivel alto de ruido. La idea inicial de diseño fue la realización de un prototipo de geometría adaptada que se incorporaría a ese equipo responsable de la emisión de ruido objeto de ser reducida. Se propone diseñar y fabricar el prototipo mediante fabricación aditiva y comprobar sus efectos como elemento de atenuación de ruido. Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

[ESP]Definición: Un programa de deshabituación tabáquica se define como aquel recurso que la persona fumadora utiliza para dejar de fumar , que es llevado a cabo por profesionales , mediante terapias cognitivo - conductuales que facilitan y ayudan a l abandon o d el hábito tabáquico , desarrolladas en consultas individuales y/o colectivas . Consultas que se pueden desarrollar junto con otros tratamiento s , farmacológico s o no farmacológico , que ayuden en la desintoxicación. Objetivos: Analizar , tanto los programas de deshabituación tabáqu ica de otras universidades saludables españolas , así como los resultados de las encuestas elaboradas y aplicadas para conocer su opinión a cerca de un plan de deshabituación tabáquic a; así como proponer un programa de deshabituación propio para su posible impla ntación en la UPCT . Metodología: Búsqueda de material bibliográfi co que permita conocer l os programas de deshabituación tabáquica utilizados en otras universidad es saludables. E laboración y apl icación , sobre la población universitaria de la UPCT , de una encuesta personal que eval úe la necesidad y efectividad de implantación de un programa de deshabituación , así como el aná lisis de otros resultados de importancia y redacción de conc lusio nes. Y finalmente, la elaboración de un programa de desh abituación tabáquica propio de la UPCT que sirva como propuesta para una posible impla ntación . Resultados: Las evidencias encontradas aporta n que las universidades saludables españolas proporcionan información suficiente para desarrollar un programa de deshabituación tabáquica propio. P or otro lad o, las encuestas arrojan resultados positivos e importantes, como por ejemplo : el 78,6 % de no fumadores y el 78,8% de fumadores creen que la UPCT debería tener un plan de deshabituación tabáquica , y el 75,8% de fumadores y el 91,6% de e x fumadores utilizarían dicho programa como recurso para iniciar o mantener la abstinencia . Lo que proporciona información suficiente para elaborar un programa de deshabituación tabáquica propio de la UPCT. Conclusiones: S e concluye elaborando un plan de cesa ción tabáquica para la comunidad universitaria de la UPCT, que podría resultar de gran utilid ad y ayuda para que esta comunidad consiguiera a bandonar el hábito tabáquico. Lo que aumentaría la salud general al fomentar hábitos de vida y ambientes saludables, logrando que la UPCT cumpla otro de sus objetivos como universidad promotora de salud . Palabras Clave: Programa; pla n; deshabituación; cesación ; tabaco; tabaquismo; población/ comunidad universitaria; universidad saludable /promotora de salud . [ENG]Definition: A tobacco detoxification program is a resource available for frequent smokers in order to give up the habit of smoking. Such program is developed by professionals and by the use of cognitive and behavioral techniques – carried out either in individual or g roup meetings – that aid the individual through the process of giving up smoking. These meeting s can progress together with other treatments, pharmaceutical or not, that help the detoxification process. Objectives: T o analyze other tobacco detoxification programs at Spanish health universities and the results obtained from polls to know individuals’ op inions on tobacco detoxification. Additionally, the program also aims to elaborate its own detoxification program in order to stablish it at UPCT. Methodol ogy: Searching bibliography references to get to know other detoxification programs at other health universities. Creating and sending a poll regarding the issue of tobacco detoxification’s effectiveness to students and staff at UPCT as well as the analysi s of the results obtained by previously done polls for the analysis of their conclusions and their importance. Finally, elaborating and developing a tobacco detoxification program at UPCT that serves as a proposal for its possible development. Results : C urrent evidence in the field shows that Spanish health universities provide enough information to develop our own a tobacco detoxification program. On the other hand, polls show positive and important results such as: 78,6% of the individuals characterized as non - smokers and the 78,8% of the smokers believe that UPCT should have its own tobacco detoxification. Additionally, the 75,8% of the smokers and the 91,6% of the ex - smokers said they would use such program as a resource to give up smoking or maintain the habit of not smoking. Conclusions: It can be concluded that, by elaborating a plan to stop smoking at UPCT, this community could be assisted, and it could be resourceful for them to give up the habit of smoking. Such plan would improve the general health of the community by encouraging to f ollow a healthier lifestyle and getting UPCT to achieve another objective as a university promoting health. Key Words: Program; plan; detoxification; giving up; tobacco; smoking; university ; community; healthy university / health promoter Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Introducción y Objetivo : En este proyecto se desarrolla un dispositivo de visualización holográfica en 360° aplicada a la Prev ención de Riesgos Laborales, Ergonomía, análisis de posturas, estudios ergonómicos y formación de Técnicos PRL. Esta tecnología permite a l Técnico en PRL visualizar las posturas de un trabajador proyectadas en un holograma piramidal 360°. El uso de holog ramas en procedimientos de estudios de puestos de trabajo ergonómicos sirve para realizar un análisis técnico completo en 360 grados, permitiendo observar detalladamente desde todas las perspectivas cada movimiento y postura del trabajador. Los especialis tas en Ergonomía podrán observar el hologra ma de un caso de estudio de un e nfermero realizando la tarea de extracción de sangre e n un paciente de dos técnicas: l a primera en una camilla, y la segunda, sentado en una silla. Se realiza un estudio estadístico sobre una población de 1 3 enfermeros, realizando las dos técnicas de extracción de sangre de un paciente y posteriormente se analizan los resultados del estudio. . Metodología : Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica para b uscar artículos sobre “ergonomía” consultando las bases de datos PUBMED, Cuiden y Scielo España,”. Para el estudio se ha hecho un análisis postural con 13 enfermeros para comprobar si ergonómicamente se mantiene una postura correcta cuando ejerzan una d e las dos técnicas de extracción de sangre. Para analizar dichas posturas utiliza un software de edición de video de gran calidad. Incluye innovadoras herramientas: edición de material de SD, HD, 2K y 4K en 2D y 3D estereoscópicas, compatibilidad con form ato amplio, sin precedentes y efectos de transformación y procesamiento impulsados por la GPU. Resultados : Han sido recuperados un total de 289 artículos, de los cuales finalmente se han seleccionado 5 artículos tras la aplicación de los criterios de incl usión/exclusión establecidos. De 13 enfermeros sobre los que se ha aplicado el software solo 10 pudimos hacer en análisis completo. El 61.53% realiz ó la técnica correctamente con el pacient e tumbado y el 46,15% lo realizó correctamente con el paciente sent ado . Conclusiones : El holograma Piramidal 360 es una herramienta in novadora que podrá utilizar el técnico de p revención para elaborar un análisis ergonómico más profundo y con puntos de vista diferente, al tener una visión completa de cada postura, ángulo y movimiento. E n base a los resultados obtenidos se puede afirmar que de 13 enfermeros/as que hicieron la simulación decimos se realiza mejor la técnica de extracción de sangre a personas que están tumbadas que a personas que están sentadas, esto es debido a a la diferencia de altura entre la cama y el reposabrazos que obligan a agacharse más, con la consecuencia de poder adaptar más fácilmente posturas inadecuadas sobre todo las personas altas Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

El uso de andamios y sobre todo la mala utilización y mantenimiento de los mismos conlleva el riesgo de accidentes. El principal riesgo asociado a este tipo de estructuras es el de caída de altura, bien del propio trabajador o bien de toda la estructura y con ella los trabajadores que se encuentren en ese momento encima de ella. se trata en este trabajo de modelar una estructura para disponer de una herramienta de análisis y evaluación del comportamiento de este tipo de equipos de trabajo de uso tan frecuente y necesario en el sector de la construcción. Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena