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As a high priority for moving the sports industry forward, the sports market ecosystem requires the development of professional competencies and improving the entrepreneurship education of sports science students. During the last years, entrepreneurship has gained importance in the sports sector to maintain competitiveness. Thus, universities need to promote sports sciences students’ entrepreneurial competencies to improve employability. This research aimed to analyze the differences between first-year and fourth-year sports science students regarding the merit of professional competencies within entrepreneurship education. Both groups of students completed a set of tests presenting professional success factors. Cognitive abilities were measured with Intelligence Structure Battery (INSSV - Short Form, S2) and personality traits with Big Five Structure Inventory (BFSI, short-form, S1). Data were processed with confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup moderation analysis. The model showed acceptable fit indices (NFI=0.89, CFI=0.97, and RMSEA=0.08). The multigroup moderation analysis results indicated that the strongest effect on work aspects of the personality of the first-year sports science students comes from Conscientiousness (β=0.97), Openness (β=0.79), and Agreeableness (β=0.72). In contrast, this impact on fourth-year sports science students exists from Extraversion (β=0.85), Emotional stability (β=0.80), and Openness (β=0.80). On another side, an analysis of cognitive abilities revealed that the strongest effect was produced by numerical ability (β=0.94; β=0.84, respectively). The results demonstrated that sub-samples do not differ regarding the latent dimensions of human resources assessment. These results lead to necessary changes in the sports curriculum of the study program related to entrepreneurship education.

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Finding novel therapeutic strategies to tackle PCa, especially its most advanced phenotype, named castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), is urgently needed. In this sense, although the dysregulation of the splicing process has emerged as a distinctive feature of advanced PCa, the potential role that splicing regulators may play in advanced PCa remains understudied. In this project, we aimed to explore the levels, pathophysiological role, and associated molecular landscape of the splicing factor SRSF6 in PCa.Methods SRSF6 alterations (CNA/mRNA/protein) were analyzed in eight well-characterized cohorts of PCa patients and in the Hi-MYC transgenic model. The effect of SRSF6 overexpression and silencing was tested in vitro (cell proliferation, migration, colony and tumorspheres formation), and in vivo (xenograft tumors). RNA-Seq was performed in PCa cells to analyze gene expression and splicing pattern changes in response to SRSF6 silencing.Results Our results showed that SRSF6 levels (mRNA/protein) were upregulated in PCa vs. non-tumor prostate samples, linked to clinical parameters of tumor aggressiveness (e.g., Gleason score, T-stage, perineural infiltration, metastasis at diagnosis), and associated with poor prognosis (i.e., shorter progression-free survival time) in PCa patients. Moreover, SRSF6 overexpression increased, while its silencing decreased, relevant functional parameters of aggressiveness in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, SRSF6 modulation resulted in the dysregulation of key oncogenic pathways, especially AR-activity through transcriptional regulation of APPBP2 and TOP2BConclusions SRSF6 could represent a new therapeutic target to inhibit persistent AR-signaling in advanced PCa.

The host recognition modules encoding the injection machinery and receptor binding proteins (RBPs) of bacteriophages are variable genomic units predisposed to mutation and recombination to maintain infectivity toward co-evolving bacterial hosts. In this study, we reveal howAlteromonas mediterraneaschitovirus A5 shares its host recognition module, including tail fiber (TF) and cognate chaperone, with phages from distantly related families includingAlteromonasmyovirus, V22. While the chaperone of V22 is essential for producing active TFs, here we demonstrate production of functional A5 TFs regardless of chaperone co-expression. AlphaFold-generated models of TF and chaperone pairs from phages A5, V22, and otherAlteromonasphages reveal how amino acid insertions within both A5-like proteins results in a knob domain duplication in the TF and a β-hairpin “tentacle” extension of the chaperone. These structural modifications are linked to chaperone dependency differences between the A5 and V22 TFs. Structural similarity between the chaperones and intramolecular chaperone domains of other phage RBPs suggests an additional function of these chaperones as transient TF “caps”. Finally, our identification of homologous host recognition modules used by morphologically distinct phages implies that HGT and recombination events between unrelated phages may be a more common process than previously thought amongCaudoviricetesphages.

Las obligaciones internacionales contraídas por Colombia que garantizan derechos y libertades exigen su cumplimiento en favor de los habitantes del territorio. A pesar de esto, cada año el Estado resulta responsable por violaciones en ese sentido, evidenciándose en ocasiones el desconocimiento respecto de mecanismos efectivos de protección de los derechos por parte de la sociedad y de las víctimas, fomentándose así la impunidad. Se pretende a través de esta investigación basada en problemas exponer de manera crítica el mecanismo de queja del Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU, mediante una propuesta que acerque los enfoques académicos a la resolución de los problemas reales de la sociedad a partir del análisis de casos decididos por el Comité en contra de Colombia, para proponer la necesidad de generar desde la educación una cultura efectiva de promoción, divulgación y protección de derechos, libertades y garantías previstas en instrumentos internacionales. Finalmente, se evidencia el escaso aprovechamiento que se da al Comité y el desconocimiento de sus funciones, como también el hecho de que Colombia sigue presentando altos índices de violación a los derechos humanos, sobre todo respecto de las garantías de acceso a la justicia.

An ultrasound-assisted method was used for the extraction of phenolics from defatted black cumin seeds (

Resume Introduction La mise en place de protheses peniennes est en perpetuelle croissance mais peu de donnees a long terme sont disponibles concernant les facteurs associes a la survie des protheses. Notre objectif etait de decrire la survie a long terme des protheses peniennes et d’analyser les facteurs pouvant influencer sa duree de vie. Materiel Il s’agit une cohorte retrospective, monocentrique, des patients ayant eu la primo-implantation d’une prothese penienne, entre mai 2000 et mars 2017, au CHU de Reims. La survie des protheses a ete calculee par la methode de Kaplan–Meier. Une analyse univariee et multivariee pour estimer le risque d’ablation/reprise chirurgicale de la prothese a ete realisee par un modele de Cox. Resultats 150 patients ont ete inclus et 61 patients ont suivi une ablation/reprise chirurgicale de la prothese (40,7 %). Le suivi moyen etait de 76,12 mois (0-176 mois). La survie des protheses etait 69,7 % a 5 ans (IC 95 %, 62,2-77,3) et 58,5 % a 10 ans (IC 95 %, 50,0-66,9). En multivariee, les facteurs influencant la survie des protheses etaient le type de prothese (autres vs Coloplast TITAN®, HR 1,89, IC 95 %, 1,03-3,45) et la taille finale de la prothese (20-29 cm vs 12–17 cm, HR 0,27, IC 95 %, 0,09-0,77). Conclusion A 10 ans, la survie des protheses peniennes est proche de 60 %. Le type et la longueur finale de la prothese semblent avoir une influence significative sur la survie des protheses. Il serait utile de discuter le risque de revision chirurgicale chez les patients envisageant une chirurgie de prothese penienne. Niveau de preuve 3.

The impedance–frequency and capacitance–voltage characteristics of metal/polyethylene oxide (PEO)/Si (MOS) capacitors at thicknesses relevant to transistor technology are measured with and without CsClO4. Basic understanding of the impedance frequency and voltage characteristics of this MOS system is established in spin-coated films in the thickness range from 6 nm to 19 nm, as determined from capacitance measurements and transmission electron microscopy. Estimates of the dielectric constant, energy band diagram, charge trap density, and conductivity in ultrathin PEO are obtained. Simple equivalent circuits based on resistive and capacitive elements that reflect the physical system are used to model the measured impedance frequency trends and compare films with and without CsClO4 in the polymer matrix. This study reveals the electrical properties of PEO near the limits of thickness scaling, toward memory and neuromorphic device applications.

In this correspondence, an asymmetric version of the label switching technique to build binary classification ensembles is introduced. The new version presents one more design parameter, the degree of asymmetry, and, consequently, it is more flexible to adapt to the problem under study. In particular, asymmetric switching allows designs that resist to class imbalance. A Bayesian analysis serves to establish how to deal with datasets for carrying out a principled rebalancing, which can be combined with other principled procedures according to the relative advantages of asymmetric switching. A number of simple experiments support the low sensitivity to imbalance and the validity of the analysis for this method of constructing ensembles.

El artículo tiene como objetivo general describir las medidas de no repetición ordenas por la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Corte IDH) contra Colombia, país que hace parte de los Estados Latinoamericanos que han tenido Comisiones de la Verdad como fuente complementaria a los procesos judiciales para lograr el esclarecimiento de los hechos del conflicto armado interno. El resultado se consigue mediante el desarrollo de una investigación cualitativa, básica y jurídica, que utiliza el método analítico deductivo e inductivo, y centra su análisis en la práctica internacional del Sistema Interamericano, obteniendo que estos órganos han recomendado medidas de no repetición por la violación de los preceptos normativos establecidos en la Convención Americana de DDHH en el marco del mecanismo de petición individual, destacando que durante la primera década de funcionamiento de la CIDH y de la Corte IDH, esto es, en el periodo 1987-1996, hubo una sola orden explicita relacionada a medidas de no repetición, por el contrario, éstas si fueron constantes durante las decisiones de la última década que comprende el periodo 2011-2020.

Extractivismo minero en América Latina: la juridificación de los conflictos socioambientales. En el presente artículo nos ha motivado la necesidad de abordar un punto poco estudiado sobre el extractivismo en América Latina: los fundamentos coloniales del marco regulatorio de la minería corporativa y los límites de la judicialización de los derechos humanos para lograr su transformación. Nuestro análisis se sustenta en referentes teóricos del campo del litigio estratégico, el origen del derecho internacional y los estudios decoloniales. Empleamos una metodología multiescalar que tomó como estudios de caso, en el plano nacional, a Guatemala y Colombia, y en el internacional al Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. A su vez, tejimos un diálogo interdisciplinar entre autores con trasfondos diferenciados e integramos una variedad de fuentes académicas y resoluciones judiciales. Así construimos, a partir de los hitos más relevantes, una genealogía colonial de la normativa minera y su continuidad en las regulaciones republicanas y contemporáneas en los países de estudio. Además, identificamos patrones comunes en la judicialización de los conflictos mineros a nivel doméstico e interamericano y evidenciamos su ineficacia en la modificación de las normativas que rigen la minería. Concluimos con una reflexión sobre nuevos caminos teóricos y metodológicos tanto en la práctica jurídica como en la investigación teórica aplicada, posibles horizontes para la descolonización del derecho y en particular del derecho minero. In this article, we have been motivated by the need to address a little-studied aspect of extractivism in Latin America: The colonial foundations of the regulatory framework of corporate mining and the limits of the judicialization of human rights in order to achieve transformation. Our analysis draws on theoretical references from the field of strategic litigation, the origins of international law and decolonial studies. We used a multiscale methodology that took Guatemala and Colombia as case studies at the national level and the Inter-American System of Human Rights at the international level. At the same time, we wove an interdisciplinary dialogue between authors with different backgrounds and integrated a variety of academic sources and judicial sentences. Thus, we constructed from the most relevant sources a colonial genealogy of mining regulations and their continuity in the republican and contemporary regulations in the countries in question. In addition, we identify common patterns in the judicialization of mining conflicts at the domestic and inter-American levels and demonstrate their ineffectiveness in the modification of the regulations governing mining. We conclude with a reflection on new theoretical and methodological paths both in legal practice and in applied theoretical research, possible horizons for the decolonization of law and, in particular, mining law.

BackgroundIntegrating transcriptional profiles results in the identification of gene expression signatures that are more robust than those obtained for individual datasets. However, direct comparison of datasets derived from heterogeneous experimental conditions is not possible and their integration requires the application of specific meta-analysis techniques. The transcriptional response to hypoxia has been the focus of intense research due to its central role in tissue homeostasis and in prevalent diseases. Accordingly, a large number of studies have determined the gene expression profile of hypoxic cells. Yet, in spite of this wealth of information, little effort have been done to integrate these dataset to produce a robust hypoxic signature.ResultsWe applied a formal meta-analysis procedure to a dataset comprising 425 RNAseq samples derived from 42 individual studies including 33 different cell types, to derive a pooled estimate of the effect of hypoxia on gene expression. This approach revealed that a large proportion of the transcriptome (8556 genes out of 20888) is significantly regulated by hypoxia. However, only a small fraction of the differentially expressed genes (1265 genes, 15%) show an effect size that, according to comparisons to gene pathways known to be regulated by hypoxia, is likely to be biologically relevant. By focusing on genes ubiquitously expressed we identified a signature of 291 genes robustly and consistently regulated by hypoxia. Finally, by a applying a moderator analysis we found that endothelial cells show a characteristic gene expression pattern that is significantly different from other cell types.ConclusionBy the application of a formal meta-analysis to hypoxic gene profiles, we have developed a robust gene signature that characterizes the transcriptomic response to low oxygen. In addition to identifying a universal set of hypoxia-responsive genes, we found a set of genes whose regulation is cell-type specific and suggest a unique metabolic response of endothelial cells to reduced oxygen tension.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo analiza la relación hombre-tierra-cultura, una triada que resulta inseparable cuando de comunidades indígenas se trata. La correspondencia refiere una estrecha conexión que frente a cualquier forma de irrupción amenaza la pervivencia de los grupos ancestrales. La temática referida se abordó a partir de los métodos estructuralista y dialéctico, por cuanto permite establecer una relación de causa-efecto, esto es, el problema visto desde sus causas y también en su contexto, para el caso, el despojo territorial llegando a su más inmediata consecuencia: la pérdida de la cultura generada por el desarraigo. La discusión cierra con la afirmación de que no es posible la restitución cultural. ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the man-earth-culture relationship, a triad that is inseparable when it comes to indigenous communities. Correspondence refers to a close connection that in the face of any form of irruption threatens the survival of ancestral groups. The aforementioned theme was approached from the structuralist and dialectical methods, insofar as it allows establishing a cause-effect relationship, that is, the problem seen from its causes and also in its context, for that matter, the territorial dispossession reaching its more immediate consequence, the loss of the culture generated by uprooting, and closes the discussion with the affirmation that cultural restitution is not possible.

Background: Nausea and vomiting are common complications on the chemotherapy (CINV) and can affect the quality of life of the patients. There are various antiemetic regiments that varies in both cost and effectiveness. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy in acute and delayed CINV of ondansetron vs palonosetron. Patients and methods: In his was a randomized, open label trial, we included breast cancer patients' candidate to (AC, TC, TCH regimens); arm A received palonosetron, dexamethasone and fosaprepitant and arm B ondansetron, dexamethasone, fosaprepitant; patients who had received previously any chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded.Presence of CINV were investigated, as well the ER visits due for CINV and QoL (EORTC QLQ 30 and EORTC B-23) were analyzed during the first cycle of treatment. Local ethics committee approved the trial. Results: 262 patients were included, 87% received AC and 13% TC; acute control was achieved in 87% and 94% respectively, p=ns and delayed control was achieved in 76% and 86% p=ns, toxicity was similar in both arms. QoL analysis showed no differences in family interaction, social life and financial troubles. ER visits due to severe symptoms were similar p=ns Conclusions: Palonosetron or ondansetron are equally effective in prevention acute and delayed CINV and they also maintain similar quality of life. Citation Format: Arce-Salinas C, Deneken-Hernandez Z, Flores-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Serrano JP, Matus-Santos JA, Ruiz-Garcia E, Calderillo-Ruiz G, Macedo O, Santamaría-Galicia J, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Reynoso-Noverón N. Efficacy and quality of life analysis of palonosetron vs ondansetron for high and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-14.

Background: Trastuzumab treatment plus adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for women with HER2 positive breast cancer. Despite relative low rates of cardiotoxicity observed in randomized clinical trials, trastuzumab interruption driven by LVEF reduction is a major concern in current clinical practice. Patients and methods: We retrospectively identified women with stage I-III HER2 positive breast cancer who received 12 months of trastuzumab treatment after adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan, Mexico City), between 2006 and 2018. Patients were eligible if a pre-therapy MUGA scan and ≥2 subsequent follow-up scans were available. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a ≥10% LVEF reduction to a value < 50%, associated with trastuzumab interruption. Results: 910 patients were included, with a median age at diagnosis of 50 (24-85) years and a median follow up of 7 (2-11 ) years. Among the whole cohort, 10.3% of patients had diabetes, 15.4% had hypertension, 78% were obese/overweight, and 40% had positive estrogen and/or progesterone receptor status. Anthracycline-based therapy was used in 819 (90%) patients, with a median (doxorubicin equivalent) cumulative dose of 200 mg/m2 (IQR 180-240). The median baseline LVEF was 61.8% (50-88.9). In total, 94 (10.3%) patients developed cardiotoxicity, but symptomatic heart failure was observed in only 31 (3.4%) individuals. In univariable analyses, the development of cardiotoxicity was not associated significantly with cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: In this large single-center cohort, cardiotoxicity rates remain high, thus, interventions to minimize the risk of cardiotoxicity and trastuzumab treatment interruption should be considered. Citation Format: Calvillo-Argüelles O, Flores-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Serrano J-P, López-Rojas A, Mendoza-Galindo L, Matus-Santos J-A, Reynoso-Noverón N, Cabrera-Galeana P, Bargalló-Rocha E, Arce-Salinas C. Prevalence of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in a real-world setting [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-05.

12011 Background: Geriatric Assessment (GA) is recommended to assess the health status and select the most appropriate cancer treatment in older patients. However, GA is resource- and time-consuming. Thus, a two-step approach using frailty screening has been recommended. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of frailty screening over GA for identifying unfit individuals who need GA and reducing unnecessary GA in fit individuals in a population of older outpatients with cancer. Methods: We analyzed patients age 70 and older with prostate, breast, colorectal, or lung cancer included in the multicenter, prospective ELCAPA cohort study (NCT02884375) between February 2007 and December 2019. All patients had a GA at inclusion. GA was the reference test. We defined unfit patients as those having at least one abnormal score in the following domains: functional status, mobility, comorbidity, cognition, mental health status, nutrition, and polypharmacy. We defined unfit patients according to the G8 and modified G8 scores using the recommended cut-offs (≤ 14 out of 17 points and ≥ 6 out of 35 points, respectively). We calculated each screening tool's sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. We used decision curve analysis to estimate the net benefit (the percentage of patients found to be unfit) of screening over GA. We assessed the avoided unnecessary GAs for each screening tool (reducing unnecessary GA in fit patients without decreasing the number of unfit patients undergoing [necessary] GA). We calculated these estimates across different threshold probabilities corresponding to the value of missing an unfit patient compared to exposing a fit patient to an unnecessary GA. A probability of 0.33 indicated that missing an unfit patient was two times worse than referring a fit patient to an unnecessary GA. A probability of 0.50 indicated that missing an unfit patient was the same as exposing a fit patient to an unnecessary GA. Results: We analyzed 1,648 patients with prostate (15%), breast (52%), colorectal (22%), or lung cancer (11%). The median age was 81 years, 559 patients (34%) had metastatic disease, and 1,428 patients (87%) were unfit. The sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity were 85% (84-87) and 59% (57-61) for the G8 score, and 86% (84-87) and 60% (58-63) for the modified G8 score. With a threshold probability of 0.33, the net benefit was 0.71 for the G8 score, 0.72 for the modified G8 score, and 0.80 for GA. With a threshold probability of 0.50, the net benefit was 0.68 for the G8 score, 0.69 for the modified G8 score, and 0.73 for GA. We did not observe a reduction in unnecessary GA of screening tools over GA. Conclusions: Frailty screening tools showed good diagnostic performances. However, our findings suggest that the GA-for-all strategy provides the higher clinical benefit in older patients with cancer.

Il est communément admis que la médecine basée sur les preuves soit la base pour définir les règles de bonne pratique, plutôt que la médecine fondée à partir de l´expérience personnelle. Cette rationalisation est supposée permettre aux cliniciens d´offrir des soins optimaux à leurs patients. Ainsi, la plupart se réfèrent aux recommandations des sociétés savantes, nationales, régionales et internationales. Celles-ci sont mises à jour régulièrement par les panels d´experts selon les preuves disponibles et les questions émergentes dans le domaine.

Figure S1. Canonical Correspondence Analysis depicting the associations among the abundances of viruses (grouped at the level of phylum, or class in the case of Proteobacteria) and prokaryote taxa (grouped at the level of phyla, or class in the case of Proteobacteria) across samples. Coloured dots represent samples, red taxon names represent prokaryote abundances and arrows represent viral group abundances. (PDF 6.83 kb)

Marine phages play a variety of critical roles in regulating the microbial composition of our oceans. Despite constituting the majority of genetic diversity within these environments, there are relatively few isolates with complete genome sequences or in-depth analyses of their host interaction mechanisms, such as characterization of their receptor binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we present the 92,760-bp genome of the Alteromonas-targeting phage V22. Genomic and morphological analyses identify V22 as a myovirus; however, due to a lack of sequence similarity to any other known myoviruses, we propose that V22 be classified as the type phage of a new Myoalterovirus genus within the Myoviridae family. V22 shows gene homology and synteny with two different subfamilies of phages infecting enterobacteria, specifically within the structural region of its genome. To improve our understanding of the V22 adsorption process, we identified putative RBPs (gp23, gp24, and gp26) and tested their ability to decorate the V22 propagation strain, Alteromonas mediterranea PT11, as recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged constructs. Only GFP-gp26 was capable of bacterial recognition and identified as the V22 RBP. Interestingly, production of functional GFP-gp26 required coexpression with the downstream protein gp27. GFP-gp26 could be expressed alone but was incapable of host recognition. By combining size-exclusion chromatography with fluorescence microscopy, we reveal how gp27 is not a component of the final RBP complex but instead is identified as a new type of phage-encoded intermolecular chaperone that is essential for maturation of the gp26 RBP., mSystems, 5 (3), ISSN:2379-5077

Introduction Depuis 2010, les recommandations nationales et internationales recommandent que la decision therapeutique chez les patients âges atteints d’un cancer de la prostate prenne en compte conjointement le cancer, les comorbidites et la presence des syndromes geriatriques. Neanmoins, l’adherence aux recommandations, les facteurs associes et l’impact de l’ecart entre recommandation theorique et pratique courante n’ont pas ete evalues. L’objectif principal etait d’evaluer la frequence de l’ecart entre la proposition therapeutique retenue et la proposition therapeutique recommandee (theorique) du cancer de la prostate du sujet âge. Les objectifs secondaires etaient d’evaluer les facteurs associes a l’ecart aux recommandations et l’association entre l’ecart aux recommandations et la survie globale des patients a 36 mois. Methodes Les patients âges de 70 ans ou plus de la cohorte ELCAPA ( NCT02884375 ) et atteints d’un cancer de la prostate ont ete inclus, d’avril 2010 a novembre 2019. Le critere de jugement principal etait l’ecart entre le traitement definitif retenu et le traitement recommande (theorique). L’ecart etait defini comme un traitement non adapte a l’etat de sante du patient en fonction des recommandations de la Societe international d’oncologie geriatrique, de l’Association europeenne d’urologie et de l’Association francaise d’urologie, de 2009 a 2018. Une regression logistique multivariee incluant des variables demographiques, geriatriques et oncologies recueillies a l’inclusion, a ete realisee afin d’identifier les facteurs associes a l’ecart aux recommandations. Le temps moyen de survie restreint (« Restricted Mean Survival Time » (RMST)) a ete utilise pour comparer la survie a 36 mois entre les deux groupes. Une ponderation inverse stabilisee du score de propension a ete utilisee dans l’estimation du temps moyen de survie restreint. Resultats Au total, 402 patients avec un âge median de 81,5 ans (ecart interquartile (EIQ) : 77-85) ont ete inclus. La classification de l’etat de sante et du traitement recu a ete possible pour 356 patients ; 165 patients (46 %, 95 %CI [41-51]) ont eu un ecart aux recommandations. Apres ajustement sur les restrictions de mobilite, l’âge, le risque de depression, le grade tumoral, le taux d’antigene prostatique specifique et le stade tumoral, seul le stade metastatique etait associe a un moindre ecart aux recommandations (OR ajuste = 0,33 ; IC 95 % [0,16-0,67] ; p ≤ 0,002) ; 297 patients ont ete inclus dans l’analyse de survie. Le temps median de suivi pour les patients survivants etait de 39 mois (EIQ : 18-67). La probabilite de survie a 36 mois etait de 0,37 (IC 95 % [0,31-0,43]) pour l’ensemble de la cohorte. Apres la ponderation inverse stabilisee du score de propension, la mediane de survie globale a 36 mois etait de 20 mois pour les patients avec un traitement concordant aux recommandations et de 18 mois pour les patients avec un ecart aux recommandations. Le temps moyen au deces a 36 mois etait inferieur chez les patients ayant un ecart aux recommandations : (18,5 versus 22 mois ; difference du RMST : −3,5 mois ; IC 95 % [−6,8–0,26] ; p = 0,03). Conclusion L’ecart aux recommandations de traitement etait frequent chez les sujets âges atteints de cancer, en particulier non metastatique. Le non-respect des recommandations etait associe a une survie moindre, independamment des caracteristiques geriatriques et oncologiques preexistantes.

CA125 represents the circulating subunit of the large transmembrane glycoprotein MUC 16. Elevated levels of CA125 are suggestive of ovarian cancer and the magnitude of elevation correlates with burden of disease. A rising CA125 level after treatment suggests cancer recurrence. Ovarian tumor cells produce and shed MUC 16 which can bind to certain peripheral immune cells. To study this, current techniques use labelled-fluorescent markers that bind to CA125 on cells and flow cytometry to detect mean fluorescence. A limitation is that this technique may not be able to distinguish low-binding events from autofluorescence. Our new technology improves the resolution for studying CA125 bound to immune cells by employing antibody-labelled gold nanoparticles with far-greater sensitivity than fluorescent markers. The cells are then examined using darkfied microscopy rather than flow, which also permits automated slide scanning and focusing for 3-dimensional counting. This enables both simultaneous use of fluorescent markers to identify the immune cell populations as well as automated image analysis to quantify the amount of bound CA125 on individual cells. Preliminary data show that MUC 16 is preferentially bound to NK and T cells in women with ovarian cancer compared to binding in healthy controls. These insights may help elucidate the function of CA125 in ovarian cancer and improve our understanding of immune-tumor interactions. Citation Format: Kornel Lakatos, Petra Krauledat, German Gonzalez Serrano, Peter Hansen, Daniel William Cramer, Kevin Elias, Manish Patankar, Jawad Hoballah. A research tool for elucidating the interaction between human mucin 16 (CA125) and immune cells in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3178.

In this paper, we address a machine learning task using encrypted training data. Our basic scenario has three parties: Data Owners, who own private data; an Application, which wants to train and use an arbitrary machine learning model on the Users’ data; and an Authorization Server, which provides Data Owners with public and secret keys of a partial homomorphic cryptosystem (that protects the privacy of their data), authorizes the Application to get access to the encrypted data, and assists it in those computations not supported by the partial homomorphism. As machine learning model, we have selected the Support Vector Machine (SVM) due to its excellent performance in supervised classification tasks. We evaluate two well known SVM algorithms, and we also propose a new semiparametric SVM scheme better suited for the privacy-protected scenario. At the end of the paper, a performance analysis regarding the accuracy and the complexity of the developed algorithms and protocols is presented.

Preservation of privacy in data mining and machine learning has emerged as an absolute prerequisite in many practical scenarios, especially when the processing of sensitive data is outsourced to an external third party. Currently, privacy preservation methods are mainly based on randomization and/or perturbation, secure multiparty computations and cryptographic methods. In this paper, we take advantage of the partial homomorphic property of some cryptosystems to train simple machine learning models with encrypted data. Our basic scenario has three parties: multiple Data Owners, which provide encrypted training examples; the Algorithm Owner (or Application), which processes them to adjust the parameters of its models; and a semi-trusted third party, which provides privacy and secure computation services to the Application in some operations not supported by the homomorphic cryptosystem. In particular, we focus on two issues: the use of multiple-key cryptosystems, and the impact of the quantization of real-valued input data required before encryption. In addition, we develop primitives based on the outsourcing of a reduced set of operations that allows to implement general machine learning algorithms using efficient dedicated hardware. As applications, we consider the training of classifiers using privacy-protected data and the tracking of a moving target using encrypted distance measurements.

Ferroelectric (FE) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are being explored for memory and for a variety of purposes in transistors. While considering the dynamics of emerging memories, we note some interesting implications for transistors and transistor memories. In this paper we consider the dynamics of subthreshold swing (SS) in transistors and show that under certain conditions SS can be lowered due to the delay associated with their complex impedance. We show that even a conventional metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFETs) can exhibit a dynamic SS, lowered by introducing a series resistance in the gate. We show that the when the gate dielectric has a complex response, SS can be decomposed into static and dynamic factors with the static factor given by the usual thermal SS and the dynamic factor related to dynamic gate amplification. In the measurement of SS, slew rate and slew direction can be readily utilized to reveal the SS dependence on dynamics.

Complex gate dielectrics are being widely explored to provide voltage amplification leading to steep subthreshold swing (SS) in transistors [1]. Here we show that hysteretic steep SS can arise simply from the introduction of a series resistance in the gate of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), i.e. as a dynamic effect. The choice of measurement slew rate (SR) and slew direction then directly affects the measured SS as has been previously reported [2]. We use an ionic polymer gate dielectric to illustrate how in this case the series resistance arises from the ionic conductance, which controls the time response of the electric double layer (EDL) at the polymer/metal [3] or polymer/semiconductor interface [4]. While the ionic polymer in an EDL transistor is used to illustrate the effects, the principles apply generally to other complex insulating gates including ferroelectrics and piezoelectrics.

The problem of large population is one of the most important factors influencing the economy and social advancement of Egypt. Population forecasts, when carefully and intelligently made, serves a valuable purpose in helping to direct the employment of labor and capital to places or projects where they are most needed. Firstly, the paper focuses on studying the population of the capital of Egypt (Cairo). By large numbers of sampling to the population data sequence, the increasing trend is found. Then, a time series model is given which can accurately forecast the population of Cairo. Multiple Autoregressive models AR (1), AR (2) are used the forecasting of the population in the next twenty years. The parameters of the model are calculated using the famous two methods: Yule-Walker and Burg. Before using the model to make predictions, the test of model response is verified and the MSE and MAPE are measured to verify the models. The result is a scary image of the population in this city. Full descriptions for the steps of selecting the suitable model and comprehensive MATLAB simulation are presented. Secondly, the total population density of Egypt is analyzing and forecasting with using the measured data from 1970 to 2013. The same steps of the first part are done with the population density and forecasting of the increasing of the population density of Egypt in the 20 next years is presented. The main reasons for the population problem are discussed and solution of this problem is presented.

In this paper, we propose a novel localization algorithm to be used in applications where the measurement model is neither accurate nor complete. In our algorithm, we apply radial basis function (RBF) interpolation to evaluate the measurement function on the entire surveillance area and, then, estimate the target position. Since the signal function is sparse in the spatial domain, we also propose to use sparse optimization techniques (LASSO) both to efficiently compute the weights for the RBF and to improve the interpolated function quality. Simulation results show good performance in the localization of single and multiple targets.

Background:Diffuse interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequently associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Recently, the concept of Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF) has been defined to characterize ILD associated with systemic manifestations limited to subtle serological and clinical autoimmune abnormalities and not fulfilling the international criteria for the diagnosis of a given CTD.Objectives:The objective of this study is to describe the clinical, serological and radiological characteristics, as well as the treatment patterns of patients with ILD referred to a Rheumatology Service for suspected CTDMethods:Observational, cross-sectional study of 43 patients with ILD referred for evaluation to the medical consultation of CTD of the Rheumatology service at the Reina Sofía Hospital. Patients were classified as patients with defined CTD, patient with IPAF and patients with other types of pneumopathy. We conducted a descriptive study of all patients and compared the clinical-analytical-radiological characteristics and treatment patterns of the first two groups.Results:Of the 43 patients, 67.40% were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 65.65 (10.42) years and 53.50% of smoking patientsOf the total of patients, 16 (37.2%) were included in the CTD group, 17 (39.5%) met criteria for IPAF and 10 (23.3%) had another type of pneumopathy.In the CTD group scleroderma was the most frequent disease (6/16), followed by inflammatory myopathy (4/16), Sjögren’s syndrome (3/16), rheumatoid arthritis (2/16) and polymyalgia rheumatic (1/16). In this group of patients, the most common symptom was Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) (7/16), followed by arthritis (7/16) and mechanic’s hands (3/16). Regarding the most frequently antibodies were ANA (100%), anti-RO (41.7%), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (30%) and rheumatoid factor (RF) (28.6%).In patients with IPAF, as in the CTD group, the most observed clinical criterion was RP (5/17), followed by arthritis (1/17) and mechanic’s hands (1/17). Among the serological criteria the most common antibodies were ANA (100%), followed by anti-RO (33.3%), anti-RNA synthetase (28.6%) and RF (22.2%).Regarding the radiological pattern, in both groups the most frequent was nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, followed by the indeterminate pattern and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in third place. There were no significant differences by gender and age, between the group of CTD and IPAF, observing in both groups a predominance of women with a similar mean age, being the upper smoking habit in the IPAF group (70.6% vs 31.5%, p= 0.02). Regarding the treatment used, the use of immunosuppressants (IS) was more frequent in CTD group (56.3% vs 11.8%, p = 0.007).Conclusion:The clinical-serological and radiological characteristics were similar among patients with IPAF and CTD, which supports the notion of a similar pathophysiology in both groups. In our cohort patients with CTD received IS more frequently than IPAF group, however, future work would be necessary to assess whether the response to treatment is similar in these populations and if IS can benefit patients with IPAF to long term. In addition, it could be useful to include the UIP pattern within the IPAF classification criteria, not currently included, since it is the third most frequent radiological pattern.References:[1]Respirology, 21 (2016), pp. 245-258[2]Eur Respir J, 46 (2015), pp. 976-987Disclosure of Interests:Rafaela Ortega Castro: None declared, Pérez Sánchez Laura: None declared, Font Ugalde Pilar: None declared, Jerusalem Calvo Gutierrez: None declared, Antonio Requejo-Jimenez: None declared, Simona Espejo-Pérez: None declared, Teresa Gonzalez-Serrano: None declared, María del Carmen Castro Villegas: None declared, Gómez García Ignacio: None declared, Alejandro Escudero Contreras: None declared, Eduardo Collantes Estevez Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene, Maria A Aguirre: None declared

Many automatic image analysis algorithms in medical imaging require a good initialization to work properly. A similar problem occurs in many imaging-based clinical workflows, which depend on anatomical landmarks. The localization of anatomic structures based on a defined context provides with a solution to that problem, which turns out to be more challenging in medical imaging where labeled images are difficult to obtain. We propose a two-stage process to detect and regress 2D bounding boxes of predefined anatomical structures based on a 2D surrounding context. First, we use a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture to detect the optimal slice where an anatomical structure is present, based on relevant landmark features. After this detection, we employ a similar architecture to perform a 2D regression with the aim of proposing a bounding box where the structure is encompassed. We trained and tested our system for 57 anatomical structures defined in axial, sagittal and coronal planes with a dataset of 504 labeled Computed Tomography (CT) scans. We compared our method with a well-known object detection algorithm (Viola Jones) and with the inter-rater error for two human experts. Despite the relatively small number of scans and the exhaustive number of structures analyzed, our method obtained promising and consistent results, which proves our architecture very generalizable to other anatomical structures.

In this paper we propose to use an adaptive ensemble learning framework with different levels of diversity to handle streams of data in non-stationary scenarios in which concept drifts are present. Our adaptive system consists of two ensembles, each one with a different level of diversity (from high to low), and, therefore, with different and complementary capabilities, that are adaptively combined to obtain an overall system of improved performance. In our approach, the ensemble members are generalized CMACs, a linear-in-the-parameters network. The ensemble of CMACs provides a reasonable trade-off between expressive power, simplicity, and fast learning speed. At the end of the paper, we provide a performance analysis of the proposed learning framework on benchmark datasets with concept drifts of different levels of severity and speed. This work is partially funded by grant CASI-CAM-CM (S2013/ICE-2845), DGUI-Comunidad de Madrid, and grants DAMA (TIN2015-70308-REDT), MINECO, and Macro-ADOBE (TEC 2015-67719-P), MINECO-FEDER-EU.

This paper addresses the selection of sensors for target localization and tracking under nonlinear and nonGaussian dynamic conditions. We have used the Posterior Cramer-Rao lower Bound (PCRB) as the performance-based optimization criteria because of its built-in capability to produce online estimation performance predictions, a “must” for high maneuverable targets or when slow-response sensors are used. In this paper, we analyze, and compare, three optimization algorithms: genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and a new discrete-variant of the cuckoo search algorithm (CS). Finally, we propose local-search versions of the previous optimization algorithms that provide a significant reduction of the computation time.

This paper proposes the application of the modified Cramer-Rao bound (MCRB) in a sensor network to perform a prior analysis of the operation in the localization task. This analysis allows knowledge of the behavior of the system without a complete deployment. It also provides essential information to select properly fundamental parameters. To do so, a complete formulation of the modified information matrix and MCRB is developed for the most common measurement models, such as received signal strength, time of arrival, and angle of arrival. In addition, this formulation is extended for heterogeneous models that combine different measurement models. Simulation results demonstrate the utility of the proposed analysis and point out the similarity between MCRB and Cramer-Rao bound.

There is currently a division between real-world human performance and the decision making of socially interactive robots. This circumstance is partially due to the difficulty in estimating human cues, such as pose and gesture, from robot sensing. Towards bridging this division, we present a method for kinematic pose estimation and action recognition from monocular robot vision through the use of dynamical human motion vocabularies. Our notion of a motion vocabulary is comprised of movement primitives that structure a human's action space for decision making and predict human movement dynamics. Through prediction, such primitives can be used to both generate motor commands for specific actions and perceive humans performing those actions. In this paper, we focus specifically on the perception of human pose and performed actions using a known vocabulary of primitives. Given image observations over time, each primitive infers pose independently using its expected dynamics in the context of a particle filter. Pose estimates from a set of primitives inferencing in parallel are arbitrated to estimate the action being performed. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through interactive-time pose and action recognition over extended motion trials. Results evidence our approach requires small numbers of particles for tracking, is robust to unsegmented multi-action movement, movement speed, camera viewpoint and is able to recover from occlusions.

Este trabajo da cuenta del diseño experimental de una plataforma interactiva (RedacText 2.0), concebida para ayudar a redactar textos académicos a estudiantes universitarios, futuros maestros de Educación Primaria y futuros profesores de Educación Secundaria. Los principios que sustentan el diseño de esta herramienta están en la línea de programas anglosajones, como: Writing Across the Curriculum, Writing in the Disciplines, Expository Writing, Writing Program, Reading and Writing to Learn, Research on Writing; y movimientos del tipo de: European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing, Scaffolded Writing and Rewriting in the Disciplines, Center for Academic Writing, y Nacional Writing Projet, entre otros. Este recurso aborda el contexto, el proceso de producción y el texto (expositivo o académico, para el caso), con ayudas que facilitan la realización de las tareas de composición, tanto por parte del estudiante o escritor como del profesor o tutor. Esta plataforma consta de tres secciones: tutor, escritor y Grupo Didactext. La sección dedicada al estudiante o escritor permite descargar actividades, que se envían electrónicamente, con el fin de que el tutor guíe y evalúe el desarrollo de la producción del texto y medie en los aprendizajes. Esta sección permite crear una base de datos que registra los progresos en los aprendizajes de cada escritor y contribuye a mejorar sus destrezas como escritor. La documentación generada en esta sección permite al Grupo Didactext investigar acerca de cómo enseñar y aprender a escribir trabajos académicos, desde la perspectiva que provocan en los lectores los procesos de lectura y de escritura con la ayuda de Internet. Este trabajo tiene como ámbito de aplicación principal la formación del profesorado. This paper deals with the analysis, design and implementation of an interactive platform (RedacText 2.0) aimed to aid college students and future teachers of elementary and secondary education write academic texts. As a resource, RedacText 2.0 addresses the context and the production process of academic texts. It is equipped with help tools which facilitate the completion of tasks, both by the writer and the tutor. This platform consists of three sections: Tutor, Writer and Didactext group research, and focuses on context, production process and text. The writer section includes activities available for download and allows them to be sent electronically to the tutor, so that he can guide and evaluate the process of the production of the text and mediate in the writer’s learning. This section allows students to create a database which records progress in their learning and contributes to improve their writing skills. The documents generated in this section also allow Didactext research group to investigate how to teach and learn academic writing, and pays particular attention to online sources/resources. The main goal of this project is to contribute to our understanding of teacher training. The project is in line with other writing programs in English such as: Expository Writing, Writing Programs, Center for Academic Writing; and trends similar to: European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing, Scaffolded Writing and Rewriting in the Disciplines; and the National Writing Project.

The behavior of a commercial (CE) and homemade (CH) palladium/carbon catalyst in the gas-phase hydrodechlorination of dichloromethane (DCM) has been investigated, at low concentration, in a fixed-bed microreactor, with a view of application to the treatment of residual gas streams. The influence of space time (1.0−6.6 kg h mol-1), reaction temperature (423−623 K), and H2/DCM molar ratio (50−400) was investigated. The catalysts showed high performance, with DCM conversions up to 97% and selectivities to nonchlorinated products of ∼80%. Modification of the operating conditions highly affects the activity of the catalyst while also showing scarce influence on the selectivity. At equal palladium loadings, the CH catalyst showed higher activity than the CE catalyst; however, the product distribution was fairly similar. This was attributed to a different dispersion and distribution of palladium particles, but a similarity in the nature of the palladium species involved in both types of catalysts.

The authors propose a new solution to the blind separation of sources (BSS) based on statistical independence. In the two-dimensional (2-D) case, we prove that, under the whiteness constraint, the fourth-order moment-based approximation of the marginal entropy (ME) cost function yields a sinusoidal objective function. Therefore, we can minimize it by simply estimating its phase. We prove that this estimator is consistent for any source distribution. In addition, such results are useful for interpreting other algorithms such as the cumulant-based independent component analysis (CuBICA) and the weighted approximate maximum likelihood (WAML) [or weighted estimator (WE)]. Based on the WAML, we provide a general unifying form for several previous approximations to the ME contrast. The bias and the variance of this estimator have been included. Finally, simulations illustrate the good consistency, convergence, and accuracy of the proposed method.