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IntroductionCoercion is inevitably linked to psychiatric and mental healthcare. Though many forms of coercion exist, perceived coercion appears to be a less studied form despite its marked prevalence and negative consequences. In the literature, several factors have been studied for their association with perceived coercion, but few literature reviews have focused on this precise subject. Gaining knowledge of the association between these factors and the degree of perceived coercion is essential to guide future research and develop informed interventions. The purpose of this review will be to identify, in the literature, factors associated with perceived coercion by adults receiving psychiatric care.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted by following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A search with descriptors and keywords will be performed in the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Then, a search for grey literature will be conducted, psychiatric and mental health journals will be searched, and reference lists will be examined to identify further pertinent literature. All literature on factors (human, health related, organisational, etc) and their association to perceived coercion by adults (18 and older) in inpatient, outpatient and community-based psychiatry will be included. A quality assessment of the literature included will be performed. The extracted data will be analysed with a method of content analysis. An exploratory search was conducted in September 2021 and will be updated in September 2022 once the evidence selection process is planned to begin.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this review. The results of this scoping review will be submitted to a scientific journal for publication, presented in conferences and shared with clinicians working in psychiatric and mental healthcare.

Contexte Les mesures de contrôle en santé mentale, telles que l’isolement et la contention, sont encore utilisées fréquemment malgré les effets néfastes qui leur sont associés et qui sont bien documentés. Dans ce contexte, la réduction du recours à ces mesures est un objectif partagé au niveau international, suscitant de nombreuses études à cet égard. Bien que plusieurs interventions préventives se montrent efficaces, il semble que la réduction de l’utilisation des mesures de contrôle dépende d’un ensemble de facteurs. Certains modèles conceptuels ont été développés en lien avec les mesures de contrôle, mais aucun n’a porté précisément sur leur prévention.Objectif Le but de cet article est de proposer le Modèle de prévention de l’utilisation des mesures de contrôle en santé mentale à partir d’une revue intégrative sur le sujet.Méthode Une revue intégrative a été réalisée à partir de l’approche de Whittemore et Knafl (2005). La recherche documentaire a été réalisée sur Pubmed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL à partir des termes seclusion, restraint, psychiatr*, mental health reduction and mental health prevent* en incluant les articles entre 2010 et 2020, en français ou en anglais. De cette recherche, 138 articles ont été inclus et ont fait l’examen d’une analyse thématique. Les interventions identifiées ont été catégorisées selon le modèle écologique de Bronfenbrenner (1979).Résultats Le Modèle de prévention de l’utilisation des mesures de contrôle en santé mentale est présenté. Chaque système ayant une influence sur l’utilisation des mesures de contrôle est discuté en regard des études incluses : la personne à risque, l’intervenant et le milieu de soins, la culture de soins, l’organisation, les politiques gouvernementales et l’évolution des discours. Ce modèle systémique permet de mieux comprendre la responsabilité partagée par tous les systèmes impliqués dans la prévention du recours aux mesures de contrôle en examinant les interventions propres à chaque système, mais aussi leurs interactions.Conclusion Une approche écologique et systémique de la prévention de l’utilisation des mesures de contrôle en santé mentale invite les agents de changement potentiels de chaque système à mettre en oeuvre les activités qui leur sont spécifiques., Background Seclusion and restraint are still being used frequently in psychiatric and mental health care despite their known harmful effects. Many countries have the goal of reducing their use, leading to a number of research on prevention interventions. While many of these interventions have been shown to be effective, reducing restrictive practices depends on several factors. Conceptual models have been developed in relation to seclusion and restraint, but none have addressed their prevention specifically.Aim This article aims to propose The Model of prevention of seclusion and restraint use in mental health by carrying an integrative review on the subject.Methods An integrative review was conducted using Whittemore et Knafl’s (2005) approach. Four databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL) were searched for publications between 2010 and 2020, in French or English. Search terms included seclusion, restraint, psychiatr*, mental health reduction and mental health prevent*. The search resulted in the inclusion of 138 articles. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis (Miles et coll., 2014) and categorized with Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model.Results The six categories represented in the ecological model are described in terms of systems mutually involved in the prevention of seclusion and restraint use: the person (individual), the professionals and the physical environment (microsystem), the ward culture (mesosystem), organizational initiatives (exosystem), national policies and international organizations (macrosystem) and evolution of the discourse or resistance to change (chronosystem). Specific interventions are presented for each system, as well as their interactions.Conclusion The prevention of seclusion and restraint use in mental health is a shared responsibility between the systems involved, who must act as leaders and agents of change by implementing their specific activities. Preventing restrictive practices in mental health will be achieved by developing a shared responsibility and a shift towards a culture of partnership.