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In this paper, a novel approach to the self-organization of hierarchical prototype-based classifiers from data is proposed. The approach recursively partitions the data at multiple levels of granularity into shape-free clusters of different sizes, resembling Voronoi tessellation, and naturally aggregates the resulting cluster medoids into a multi-layered prototype-based structure according to their descriptive abilities. Different from conventional classification models, it is nonparametric and entirely data-driven, and the learned model can offer a high-level of transparency and interpretability thanks to the underlying prototype-based nature. The system identification process underpinning the approach is driven by the aim of separating data samples of different classes into nonoverlapping multi-granular clusters. Its associated decision-making process follows the “nearest prototype” principle and hence, the rationales of the subsequent decisions made can be explicitly explained. Experimental studies based on popular benchmark classification problems, as well as on a practical application to remote sensing image classification, demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.

In order to realize the energy efficient on the traffic and illuminating lights in city, the Intelligent Traffic and Illuminating Control System is proposed in this paper. The working criteria of real-time monitoring and intelligently control are designed. The key technologies including Internet of Things with power line communication by LonWorks technology and the piezoelectric sensor on site detecting are utilized in the research. The traffic density is detected by piezoelectric sensor and is "told" to LonWorks network to adjust the traffic red lamp lighting time and the illuminating time. The working flow of the Intelligent Traffic and Illuminating Control System has been verified to ensure the sufficient capability by Cp 1.72 and Cpk 1.60 within Statistical Process Control. The Energy efficient is achieved by 35.71% electrical energy reduction and 66.67% fuel consumption reduction on the energy saving and the carbon oxide emission reduction, which demonstrates that the Intelligent Control System achieves effective and valuable real-time monitoring and intelligently control with superiority of the energy efficient compared to the previous reports.

Based on the density-functional theory, the structural transitions manipulated by the biaxial strains are investigated in BaTiO3 film using the first-principles calculations. It is found that when the compressive strain is increased continuously in the single domain BaTiO3 films, a phase transition occurs from r phase to c phase, on the contrary, when the tensile strain is increased, there will be a successive phase transition from t phase to r phase, then to aa phase. All structural phase transitions are second-order, and r phase always integrates into other phases after phase transitions. Furthermore, it is found that the spontaneous polarization vector P → can rotates continuously in the 1 ¯ 10 plane, and fails to mutate during phase transition. At last, we also explain this strain induced polarization rotation in detail according to the orbital hybridization between Ti-O ions.

The Yellow River basin is a key food production centre of global importance facing rapidly growing water scarcity. Water availability for agriculture in the basin is threatened by rapid growth in the demand for industrial and urban water, the need to flush sediment from the river's lower reaches, environmental demands and growing water pollution. Climate change is already evident in the basin with long-term declines in river runoff, higher temperatures, and increasing frequency and intensity of drought. The Chinese government has exhausted most options for improving water supply. The challenge will be to switch to improved water demand management, which is hampered by existing governance structures, and lack of integrated agriculture and water resource policies.

With the development of power electronics, calculator technique and the micro-control technology, motor has been applied widely in various fields. High-performance motor control requires rotor speed to implement field-oriented control. These motor speed measurement methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. A method based on second order generalized integrator-frequency locked loop (SOGI-FLL) is proposed in this paper. It is consist of second order generalized integrator quadrature signal generator (SOGI-QSG) and frequency locked loop (FLL). The control principle of this algorithm is analyzed and the model was established by simulink. The analysis results show that this algorithm calculates the frequency of input signals very quickly. When the input signal is triangle wave, this algorithm is still applicable. It has good performance of frequency estimation.

Pseudospark discharges are sources of intense electron beams. Reported in this paper are theoretical studies of the pseudospark discharges. We have developed a theoretical and computational model to study the initiation phase of pseudospark discharges via PIC-MCC method. From the numerical results,we have identified a sequence of physical events. In spite of the approximation in this model, the picture which has emerged provides insight into the virtual anode moving which were observed by previous experiments.