1. Developmental Abnormalities of the Genitourinary System
- Author
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Paul A. Merguerian and Courtney K. Rowe
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Voiding cystourethrogram ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Genitourinary system ,business.industry ,030232 urology & nephrology ,medicine.disease ,Vesicoureteral reflux ,Undescended testicle ,Bladder exstrophy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hypospadias ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ,business ,Hydronephrosis - Abstract
• Current American Urological Association guidelines do not recommend ultrasound for the evaluation of undescended testicles. • Children with an undescended testicle should be referred to a pediatric urologist at approximately 6 months of age. • Infants with bilateral nonpalpable testicles should be evaluated for possible congenital adrenal hyperplasia. • Infants with hypospadias and unilateral or bilateral undescended testicles should be evaluated for disorder of sexual development. • Repair of hypospadias is recommended at between 6 months and 1 year of age. • Bladder exstrophy repairs are currently delayed to 3 months of age. • A voiding cystourethrogram should be performed in infants with high-grade hydronephrosis and bilateral hydronephrosis. • Most hydroceles in infants are noncommunicating, and infants should be referred to a urologist if they fluctuate in size suggesting a communicating hydrocele. • Vesicoureteral reflux is more common in male infants and has a high rate of resolution.
- Published
- 2024
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