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The deterioration of the viability of seeds of old varieties (heirloom varieties) by exposure to long storage periods is one of the main problems facing plant breeding programmes; Thus, oxygen bioavailability and somatic embryogenesis techniques can overcome this problem to some extent. The goals of this study were to: 1) define the optimal oxygen bioavailability concentration for increasing the germination rates of old and waterlogged seeds; 2) define the relationship between the concentration of bioavailable oxygen in the liquid ingested by the germinating seed and seed vigor; and 3) use somatic embryogenesis techniques as a method for recovering plant germplasm from old or improperly stored seeds for use in plant breeding programs. This study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory of the Potato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt. This research was conducted to regenerate perennial seeds (8 years) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Giza 6 (local variety) and compared with 1 year old seeds as control treatment of the same cultivar. This study established that prolonged hypoxia throughout a protracted period of storage can inhibit germination. Hypoxia during the impregnation and germination of bean seeds can be overcome by supplying the seeds with hydrogen peroxide (20 mM) throughout the germination process. Catalase enzyme (10.5 units/mL) is needed to convert hydrogen peroxide into oxygen. Also, to release oxygen from hydrogen peroxide, other catalytic agents, such as transition metal ions like Fe+2, Cu+2, and Mn+2, can be used at the following concentrations: 0.001M, 0.001M, and 0.0001M, respectively. A protective layer of CaSO4 (0.5 mM) was applied since aged seeds have very fragile biological membranes. The test of tetrazolium gave results for some seeds that it non-viable or some parts of the seed are damaged or defective; However, 2,4-D at a concentration of 5 mg/l + supplements (0.1 µM GA3/L + 2 mg kintien/L + 1.0 mM glutamine) was able to produce somatic embryos of the old seeds tissues for common bean cv. Giza 6 (a local variety). The study of the morphology and induction of somatic embryogenesis was done used scanning electron microscopy. In its early phases, the callus appeared as a scattering of elongated cells. And after being transferred to the DCR medium, the cells became tightly packed together, and globular-shaped embryos began to emerge between the tightly packed together cells.

The thermal resistances (R-values) of airspaces depends on the emittance of all surfaces around an airspace, dimensions, heat-flow direction, and the temperatures of the bounding surfaces. Assessing the energy performance of building envelope components and fenestration systems requires accurate results for the R-values of any enclosed spaces. The evaluation of reflective insulation R-values has evolved to include use of computational fluid dynamics and surface-to-surface radiation to quantify convective and radiative contributions to the heat transfer across airspaces of all types. This paper compares an advanced and validated model for calculating enclosed airspace R-values with the widely-used ISO 6946 and airspace R-values in the ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals. The impact of construction and installation defects on the thermal performance of reflective insulation has not been previously evaluated. In this research, an advanced model was used to evaluate a construction defect and dimensional aspect ratios that one-dimensional methods do not address. Imperfect installation and defects that result in air movement into or through a reflective insulation assembly reduces the thermal resistance of the assembly. Additionally, the amount of thermal resistance reduction depends on the amount and temperature of invasive air or the size of internal defects that allows natural convection inside the reflective airspace. In this study, these performance issues are evaluated quantitatively using computer simulation techniques. The differences in results obtained using methods that are currently being used to evaluate the R-value and the advantages of the advanced method for evaluating the reflective insulation performance for different applications are discussed. For the case considered in this study, the results showed that the failure to achieve parallel surfaces results in less than a 5% decrease in thermal resistance. Also, the results showed that internal air gaps between airspaces result in negligible loss in R-value unless air gaps that allow circulation between airspaces are created.

Although peas cv. master pea was registered more than 25 years ago in Egypt, this variety showed a remarkable superiority over the varieties grown in all governorates of Egypt in terms of production, quality, and environmental adaptation to climate changes. This study intends to assess this cultivar's genetic and environmental traits, and to determine the degree of its deterioration over time to develop an appropriate plan for the maintenance, improvement, and conservation of this strategic variety to withstand changes in climatic conditions in Egypt. Many types of research have been conducted on the study and production of new varieties and lines of peas in Egypt; yet there is a dearth of multivariate analysis as a technique that can combine all variances for all examined qualities using statistics that rely on the algebra of matrices and extract statistical markers from which the researcher can make an appropriate selection program within cultivars without causing genetic erosion. The present experiment was conducted to achieve the following objectives: to monitor the performance of growth traits in the Master pea cultivar using multivariate analysis and UPOV descriptor; evaluation of yield characteristics, seed yield, and quality of Master pea cultivar using multivariate analysis and UPOV descriptor. In this study, one of the most important results obtained was that the phenotypic diversity within the population (measured using the UPOV descriptor) is an important aspect that reflects genetic diversity and the ability of this genetic diversity to withstand changes in the environment. Natural selection - over the many years of the inherited varieties of countries and societies - affects the diversity of phenotypic traits among the individuals of the population. It can be concluded from this study that the phenotypic traits identified in the UPOV descriptor and data analysis using multivariate analysis can show differences between lines within cultivars. Therefore, we recommend taking advantage of the UPOV descriptor and multivariate analysis as a successful way to obtain differences and relationships between lines in conservation, maintenance, and improvement programs for ancient and promising cultivars in the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Convexity has played a prodigious role in various areas of science through its properties and behavior. Convexity has booked record developments in the field of mathematical inequalities in the recent few years. The Slater inequality is one of the inequalities which has been acquired with the help of convexity. In this note, we obtain some estimations for the Slater gap while dealing with the notion of convexity in an extensive manner. We acquire the deliberated estimations by utilizing the definition of convex function, Jensen’s inequality for concave functions, and triangular, power mean, and Hölder inequalities. We discuss several consequences of the main results in terms of inequalities for the power means. Moreover, by utilizing the main results, we give estimations for the Csiszár and Kullback–Leibler divergences, Shannon entropy, and the Bhattacharyya coefficient. Furthermore, we present some estimations for the Zipf–Mandelbrot entropy as additional applications of the acquired results. The perception and approaches adopted in this note may pretend more research in this direction.

This study outlines the flutter characteristics of aeroelastic wings under unsteady aerodynamic loading based on an efficient support vector machine assisted k-method. First, the aeroelastic wing flutter speed and flutter frequency are obtained using k-method. Then, the uncertain input parameters distribution is modeled by probability density functions. These parameters are propagated to the aeroelastic wing equations. The Monte Carlo simulation using 12 parallel logical threads is carried out to obtain the flutter speed and the flutter frequency distribution. An optimal robust surrogate model is trained by limited numbers of input and output using support vector machine. Monte Carlo simulation is also carried out in conjunction with the machine learning based k-method computational framework for obtaining the complete probabilistic description of flutter speed and flutter frequency. The coupled support vector regression based k-method is a novel approach that is first used in the aeroelastic wings flutter. The present method is found to reduce the computational time and cost significantly without compromising the accuracy of results.

The present investigation aimed to use RAPD and ISSR techniques that depend on the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) to analyze the genetic variation between Naomi and Sensation mango cultivars. RAPD revealed a total number of 105 DNA band, fifteen bands of them were polymorphic and the average number of the polymorphic bands were seven bands / primer. ISSR primers clarify a wide range of variance between the studied cultivars, ISSR was able to recognize 124 DNA bands and thirty-two out of them were polymorphic with polymorphism percentage 25.8% and average polymorphic bands 10.3 / primer. Also, RAPD detected a high genetic similarity between Naomi and Sensation (91.4); while, ISSR detected 82.4%. RAPD and ISSR identify unique DNA bands distinguish between the two studied cultivars and could be used as a fingerprint for both cultivars. Naomi and Sensation cultivars were distinguished by 15 positive unique markers. The Naomi cultivar was identified by 14 positive markers and 4 negative markers. On the other hand Sensation was able to detect 14 negative unique markers and 4 positive one. The four negative unique markers resulted from three primers (OPO09, OPG06, OPG09), the size of these markers ranged from 200bp -280 bp.

The Hermite-Hadamard inequality is regarded as one of the most favorable inequalities from the research point of view. Currently, mathematicians are working on extending, improving, and generalizing this inequality. This article presents conticrete inequalities of the Hermite-Hadamard-Jensen-Mercer type in weighted and unweighted forms by using the idea of majorization and convexity together with generalized conformable fractional integral operators. They not only represent continuous and discrete inequalities in compact form but also produce generalized inequalities connecting various fractional operators such as Hadamard, Katugampola, Riemann-Liouville, conformable, and Rieman integrals into one single form. Also, two new integral identities have been investigated pertaining a differentiable function and three tuples. By using these identities and assuming ∣ f ′ ∣ | f^{\prime} | and ∣ f ′ ∣ q ( q > 1 ) | f^{\prime} {| }^{q}\hspace{0.33em}\left(q\gt 1) as convex, we deduce bounds concerning the discrepancy of the terms of the main inequalities.

تقوم فكرة البحث على أساس عدم وجود تجرد فكري في التنظير المحاسبي، وبناء علىهذه الفكرة تم افتراض عدم وجود علاقة ارتباط بين المعايير المحاسبية وبين التجرد الفكري كون ان المعايير المحاسبية بنيت وفقا لأسس التنظير المحاسبي؛ ولغرض اختبار هذه الفرضية فلقد تمتصميم استمارة استبيان خاصة بالبحث، والتي تم توزيعها على عينة من أكاديميي المحاسبة فيالعراق ؛ومن خلال تحليل الإجابات على الأسئلة التي تم طرحها في هذه الاستبانة تم التوصل الىعدد من النتائج التي اكدت على اتفاق الافراد عينة البحث على عدم وجود علاقة ارتباط بينالمعايير المحاسبية وبين التجرد الفكري أي ان المعايير المحاسبية لم تبنى عل التجرد الفكري أيان هناك تحيز في بناء المعايير المحاسبية. وتوصي الدراسة ضرورة ان يصل الباحث الى اقصىحالات التجرد الفكري من خلال الاطلاع على سلبيات الفكرة وايجابيات الفكرة

In this manuscript, some remarks on the papers [H. A. Hammad, P. Agarwal, S. Momani, and F. Alsharari, Solving a fractional-order differential equation using rational symmetric contraction mappings, Fractal Fract. 5 (2021), 159] and [A. Hussain, F. Jarad, and E. Karapinar, A study of symmetric contractions with an application to generalized fractional differential equations, Adv. Differ. Equ. 2021 (2021), 300] are given. In the light of remarks, we introduce a new property that makes it convenient to investigate the existence of fixed points of the interpolative contractions in the orthogonal metric spaces. We derive several new results based on known contractions from the main theorems. As an application, we resolve a Urysohn integral equation.

This study is conducted to solve a nonlinear biological prey–predator system (NBPPS) using a novel design of the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation approach (LMBA). The LMBA-based supervised neural networks (SNNs) deal with three kinds of sample data, training, validation, and testing. The percentages for these data to solve three different cases of the NBPPS are selected: for training 75%, validation 10%, and testing 15%, respectively. The numerical performances of the Adams method are used for the reference dataset to solve the NBPPS. The obtained form of the numerical solutions of the NBPPS based on the SNNs along with LMBA is used to reduce the functions of mean square error (MSE). For the correctness, competence, and effectiveness of the proposed SNNs along with LMBA, the numerical procedures are proficient based on the proportional schemes and analyses in terms of MSE results, correlation, error histograms, and regression.

Friction stir processing is one of the solid-state processes which can be used to modify the structure and properties of alloys. In addition, it has become one of the most promising techniques for the preparation of the surface layer composites. To pursue cost savings and a time-efficient design, the mathematical model and optimization of the process can represent a valid choice for engineers. Friction stir processing was employed to generate an Al 6061/Al2O3-TiB2 hybrid composite layer, and mechanical properties such as the hardness and wear behavior were also measured. The relationship between the hardness and wear behavior, process parameters of friction stir processing were evaluated using an artificial neural network and response surface methodology. The rotational speed (1500–1800 rpm), traverse speeds (25, 50, 100 mm/min), and the number of passes (1–4) with constant axial force (2.61 kN) were used as the input, while the hardness and weight loss values were the output. Experimentally, the results showed that the process parameters have significant effect on hardness and wear behavior of Al 6061/Al2O3-TiB2. In addition, the developed artificial neural network and response surface methodology models can be employed as alternative methods to compute the hardness and weight loss for given process parameters. The results of both models showed that the estimated values for the hardness and wear behavior of the processed zone had an error less than 0.60%, which indicated reliability, and an evaluation of the estimated values of both models and the experimental values confirmed that the artificial neural network is a better model than response surface methodology.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the incidence of postoperative urinary retention among pediatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery and identify risk factors. Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System was used to identify children aged 1–18 years who underwent orthopedic surgery. Collected from each patient’s record were demographic information, principal procedure during hospitalization, the presence of neurologic/neuromuscular conditions and other complex chronic medical conditions, the total postoperative length of stay, and the presence of postoperative urinary retention. Results: The overall incidence of postoperative urinary retention was 0.38%. Children with complex chronic neuromuscular conditions (OR 11.54 (95% CI 9.60–13.88), p = < 0.001) and complex chronic non-neuromuscular medical conditions (OR 5.07 (95% CI 4.11–6.25), p ≤ 0.001) had a substantially increased incidence of urinary retention. Surgeries on the spine (OR 3.98 (95% CI 3.28–4.82, p ≤ 0.001) and femur/hip (OR 3.63 (95% CI 3.03–4.36), p ≤ 0.001) were also associated with an increased incidence. Conclusions: Children with complex chronic neuromuscular conditions have a substantially increased risk of experiencing postoperative urinary retention. Complex chronic non-neuromuscular medical conditions and surgeries to the spine, hip, and femur also carry a notably increased risk.

In this paper, with the use of newly defined class up and down log–convex fuzzy-number valued mappings, we offer a few new and original mappings defined by applying some mild restrictions over the definition of up and down log–convex fuzzy-number valued mapping. With the use of these mappings, we are able to develop partners of Fejér-type inequalities for up and down log–convexity, which improve upon certain previously established findings. The discussion also includes these mappings’ characteristics. Moreover, some nontrivial examples are also provided to prove the validation of our main results.

Assessing the energy performance of building components with enclosed airspaces requires accurate determination of the thermal resistance ( R-value) of the airspaces. The R-value of enclosed airspace depends on its size and orientation, direction of heat transfer through the airspace, and temperatures and emissivities of all surfaces that define the airspace. In previous studies, practical correlations were developed to determine the R-values for vertical enclosed airspaces, horizontal enclosed airspaces with upward heat flow and downward heat flow, and 30° and 45° sloped-enclosed airspaces with downward heat flow. However, to the authors’ best knowledge, there is no such practical correlations available to determine the R-values for wide ranges of dimensions and operating conditions for 30° and 45° sloped-enclosed airspaces with upward heat flow. This paper focused on the thermal performance of 45° sloped-enclosed airspaces with upward heat flow, and the predicted R-values were compared with the R-values provided in ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals at different conditions. The dependence of the R-value on the aspect ratio of the enclosed airspaces was also investigated. As well, considerations were given to quantify the potential increase in the R-value of enclosed airspace when a thin sheet having different values of emissivity on both sides was placed in the middle of the airspace. The results showed that depending on the value of the effective emittance and the thickness of the airspace, the R-value could be tripled by incorporating thin a sheet in the middle of the enclosed airspace. Finally, practical correlation were developed to determine the effective R-values of 45° sloped-enclosed airspaces with upward heat flow for wide ranges of aspect ratio, temperature difference across the airspace, mean temperature, and effective emittance. The results showed that the calculated R-values using this correlation were in good agreement with the predicted R-values.

The measurements for the short-wave solar reflectivity of a Reflective Coating Material (RCM) with various cleaning operations that were obtained in a previous study were used in this study to conduct numerical simulations in order to assess the moisture and energy performance of cool and black roofs when they were subjected to the weather conditions of Saudi Eastern Province and Kuwait City. The results of the numerical simulations showed that black roofs always work with less moisture than cool roofs. Because the highest relative humidity in the different components of the black and cool roofs was well below 80%, there was no risk of condensation and mold growth in these roofs. For both weather conditions of Saudi Eastern Province and Kuwait City, the results showed that installing cool roofs have resulted in increasing the heating energy loads in relation to black roofs. Conversely, the results showed that the decrease in the cooling energy loads due to installing cool roofs were typically much greater than the increase in the heating energy loads. As such, cool roofs have resulted in net energy savings in relation to black roofs. Replacing black roof by cool roof in Saudi climate, the results showed that the annual energy savings in the total energy load was 25% and 34% as a result of installing cool roof with RCM at no cleaning and weekly homemade cleaning, respectively. Additionally, replacing black roof by cool roof in Kuwaiti climate, the results showed that the annual energy savings in the total energy load was 23% and 31% a result of installing cool roof with RCM at no cleaning and weekly homemade cleaning, respectively.

Sump syndrome is a rare complication of a side to side choledochoduodenostomy (CDD). After the introduction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 1968 Kozarek (Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 13(10):620-622, 2017), choledochoduodenostomy and its complications are seldom seen. The diagnosis of sump syndrome is further befogged by the lack of characteristic clinical or laboratory findings, the inability of the patient to provide medical records of their CDD, and the fact that sump syndrome only presents decades after a CDD. In this article, we will present a case of a 39-year-old female patient who presented as a case of ascending cholangitis with an initially unknown past surgical history. A detailed medical history was thoroughly taken, and her previous medical reports were presented after which an ERCP was done with extraction of debris was preformed. In a time where choledochoduodenostomy is rarely being chosen as a choice of treatment and its complications are infrequently encountered, this case serves as a reminder that even in the ERCP era, complications of choledochoduodenostomy should still be well understood.

Empathy is the cornerstone of the patient–physician relationship and is consistently ranked by patients as one of the most important factors in the quality of their care. In this paper we examine the degree to which perceived physician empathy is associated with the characteristics of the caregiver (parent or legal guardian) and physician in pediatric orthopedic surgery. This was a cross-sectional survey study of 200 English-speaking caregivers of pediatric patients at a large children's hospital. The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure was used to measure perceived physician empathy. Only if the caregiver felt carefully listened to by the physician ( p-value < 0.001), and if the physician showed respect for what the caregiver had to say ( p-value = 0.007) were statistically significant and positively associated with perceived physician empathy. The most significant determinant of perceived physician empathy is whether the caregiver felt listened to during the encounter. Other factors such as caregiver demographics, health literacy, self-rated mental health, wait time, and time spent with the physician do not significantly affect perceived physician empathy.

The use of renewable energy as a future energy source is attracting considerable research interest globally. In particular, there is a significant growth in wind energy utilization during the last few years. This present study through a detailed and systematic literature survey assesses the wind energy potential of Kazakhstan for the first time. Using the Weibull distribution function and hourly wind speed data, the annual power and energy density of the sites are calculated. For the 50 sites considered in this study and at a height of 10 m above the ground, the annual average wind speed, the power density, and energy production of Kazakhstan range from 0.94–5.15 m/s, 4.50–169.34 W/m2 and 39.56–1502.50 kWh/m2/yr, respectively. It was found that Fort Sevcenko, Atbasar, and Akmola are the three best locations for wind turbine installation with wind power densities of 169.34, 135.30, and 111.51 W/m2, respectively. Fort Sevcenko demonstrates the highest potential for wind energy harvesting with an energy density of 1483.46 kWh/m2/yr. For the 15 commercial wind turbines, it was observed that the annual energy production of the selected turbines ranges between 3.8 GWh/yr in Petropavlovsk to 15.4 GWh/yr in Fort Sevcenko among the top six locations. The lowest and highest capacity factors correspond to the same sites with the values of 29.21% and 58.66%, respectively. Overall, it is the intention of this study to constitute a database for the users and developers of wind power in Kazakhstan.

In this paper, the natural convection (NC) of the Al2O3–H2O nanofluids (NFs) in a cavity with a heat source in its center is numerically investigated. A two-dimensional simulation of the cavity has been performed for this purpose. The D2Q9 LBM was used for the simulation. Then, the largest Nu was obtained using the artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN has been trained in such a way as to be able to automatically modify the input values and to estimate the largest heat transfer. With an increase in the Ra and nanoparticle volume fraction (NPVF), the heat transfer increases, but it decreases with an increase in the Ha number. In addition, the maximum heat transfer rate occurs for parallel magnetic field (MaF) and the heat transfer rate decreases with an increase in the MaF angle. As the size of the isothermal heat transfer and cold walls increase with a rise in the thermal conductivity coefficient, heat transfer also increases. With an increase in the thermal conductivity coefficient, no significant change was observed in the rate of heat transfer after an initial increase in the Nu. The largest Nu occurs at the largest Ra, largest MaF angle, and weakest MaF. The ANN predicted this value to be 7.0703, which is 2.3% different from the exact value resulting from the predicted computations.

Enclosed airspaces of various effective emittances exist in the building envelope in walls, roofs, and double/triple glazing windows, curtain walls and skylight devices. Assessing the energy performance of a building component with enclosed reflective airspaces requires evaluation of all modes of heat transport inside the airspace. The thermal resistance (R-value) of the enclosed airspaces depends on the dimensions and orientation of the airspace, and the emittance and temperature of all surfaces that bound the airspace. To the best of our knowledge, the existing methods used around the world to evaluate the airspace thermal performance (e.g., ISO 6946, AUS/NZ 4859, and methods based on the U.S. NBS data) are one-dimensional and assume isothermal conditions on the hot and cold surfaces. In actual applications, however, the temperatures of both the hot and cold surfaces vary (i.e., they are non-isothermal), and the heat transfer takes place via conduction, convection and surface-to-surface radiation. In some cases, convection is absent or negligible, as is the case for downward heat flow or situations with a small temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces. Radiation transport is significantly reduced by the presence of a low-emittance surface in the heat flow path. One of the goals of this study is to answer the question “is it a good assumption to use the isothermal conditions on both the hot and cold surfaces for determining/reporting the R-value of enclosed airspaces for different building applications?” A complete evaluation of the thermal performance of enclosed airspaces that includes the impact of bounding materials can now be undertaken in multiple dimensions with convective transport described by computational fluid dynamics. In addition to providing a relatively complete evaluation of the thermal performance of the enclosed airspaces, the adequacy of popular simplifying assumptions can be evaluated. This paper describes the computational process used, along with examples of the variation in thermal resistance with the airspace aspect ratio, realistic thermal boundary conditions and radiative heat transport on all surfaces that bound the airspace. The analysis completed in this research shows that the assumption of isothermal hot and cold surfaces affects calculated R-values for enclosed reflected airspaces by less than 3%. This was demonstrated for the five conventionally considered heat-flow directions and effective emittances from 0 to 0.82.

The building envelope provides thermal comfort, an excellent visual view, and sunlight for the occupants. It consists of two parts: (i) an opaque (non-transparent) part (e.g., walls and roofs) and (ii) a transparent part (e.g., windows, curtain walls, and skylight devices). Recently, the use of fully-glazed facades, especially in large cities, has increased due to their aesthetical and structural advantages. This has led this study to review the performance of the currently passive smart glazing technologies. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as latent energy storage material is the focus of this review, as well as other individual and combined techniques, including shading systems, solar cells (photovoltaic), and chromogenic (thermotropic and thermochromic) materials. PCM-integrated glazing systems have been extensively studied and rapidly developed over the past several decades from the standpoint of unique system designs, such as passive, active, and passive/active mixed designs, intelligent management, and sophisticated controls. In the academic literature, numerous studies on PCM-integrated building envelopes have been conducted, but a comprehensive review of PCM-integrated GUs combined with other passive and active techniques using dialectical analysis and comparing the climatic conditions of each study using Köppen-Geiger climate classification climate classification has been performed only rarely. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to reduce this discrepancy for all types of glazing, excluding glazed roofs. This review article also contains literature tables as well as highlights, limitations, and further research suggestions at the end of each subsection.

In this paper, we introduce orthogonal multivalued contractions, which are based on the recently introduced notion of orthogonality in the metric spaces. We construct numerous fixed point theorems for these contractions. We show how these fixed point theorems aid in the generalization of a number of recently published findings. Additionally, we offer a theorem that establishes the existence of a fractional differential equation’s solution.

Objective Regional differences were investigated in quantitative EEG (QEEG) characteristics and associations of QEEG to hemodynamics after pediatric acute stroke. Methods Quantitative EEG was analyzed, including power in delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, alpha-delta power ratio, total power, and spectral edge frequency from 11 children with unilateral, anterior circulation strokes during the first 24 hours of continuous EEG recording. Differences between injured and uninjured hemispheres were assessed using multivariate dynamic structural equations modeling. Dynamic structural equations modeling was applied to six children with hemorrhagic stroke undergoing arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cerebral oximetry monitoring to investigate associations between hemodynamics with QEEG adjacent to anterior circulation regions. Results All patients with acute ischemic stroke (n = 5) had lower alpha and beta power and spectral edge frequency on injured compared with uninjured regions. This was not consistent after hemorrhagic stroke (n = 6). All hemorrhagic stroke patients demonstrated negative association of total power with arterial blood pressure within injured regions. No consistency was observed for direction or strength of association in other QEEG measures to arterial blood pressure nor were such consistent relationships observed for any QEEG measure studied in relation to heart rate or cerebral oximetry. Conclusions After pediatric anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke, reduced spectral edge frequency and alpha and beta power can be observed on injured as compared with noninjured regions. After pediatric anterior circulation hemorrhagic stroke, total power can be negatively associated with arterial blood pressure within injured regions. Larger studies are needed to understand conditions in which QEEG patterns manifest and relate to hemodynamics and brain penumbra.

The construction of prefabricated buildings is an effective and efficient approach to improving construction processes and productivity. However, there are practical problems in this approach, such as listing, safety risk levels, and quality control. This study aims to develop a systematic approach for determining the key factors affecting prefabricated building projects’ quality and safety risk and assessing this risk. Based on the literature review, a structured questionnaire was distributed to 408 China-based construction organizations. Considering the factors of safety risk evaluation systems for construction, the safety risk model of prefabricated buildings is established and combined with structural equation modeling (SEM) and a system dynamic model (SDM). A detailed case study was conducted to verify the empirical findings. The results show that pre-construction, during-construction, and after-construction significantly influence the quality risk (from high to low). The final comprehensive score is 92.71, indicating that the construction safety of the residential building is generally controllable and the quality is guaranteed. Furthermore, the investment risk of such projects can be assessed using SEM and SDM. This study contributes to the literature by considering quality-risk-influencing factors in this field. Furthermore, the findings provide an understanding of implementation and quality risk control for prefabricated building projects and provide valuable information to departments in charge of improving the safety risk performance of such projects.

The purpose of this paper is to control and judge the big data of students’ learning and living conditions in college education. College students’ book-borrowing data are mined deeply from three aspects, the multi-source preprocessing of students’ borrowing data from university and college libraries, the quantification of students’ book borrowing, and academic performance prediction by learning and book borrowing. The data mining technology analyzes and processes students’ primary information, score information, and book-borrowing information. Students’ book borrowing is modeled and analyzed using the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm, and the constructed BPNN book-borrowing model’s loss function is optimized based on the partial differential equations. The library access control data and book-borrowing data are used for statistics of the learning behavior frequency. Data such as students’ stay duration in the learning area and attendance rate are input into the analysis model for experiments, and the average absolute error, the mean square error, and the determination coefficient evaluate the prediction results. The results show that as students’ booking borrowing frequency decreases, their scores decrease, and students who often borrow books have strong learning motivations. In Experiment 4, when [Formula: see text] reaches its maximum value, 0.594, the predicted scores by the students’ book-borrowing model have a high correlation with students’ actual scores, indicating that the BPNN algorithm has the best prediction results. The results show that the indicator of students’ book borrowing has significantly improved the model’s prediction performance, and the borrowed book number and book-borrowing frequency are significant in the prediction model construction.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major health problems and the leading cause of mortality and disability globally. CVDs are responsible for 17.3 million deaths annually. Epidemiological data on the knowledge and attitude towards cardiovascular diseases and risk factors among the general population in Saudi Arabia is lacking; therefore, assessing the public awareness of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases is critical. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted among 1,172 participants from the general population in Hail city. Using a self-administered questionnaire, the sample was selected at random from 18-60 years olds. Results: A total of 1,172 participants responded to the survey. Participants who responded were mostly males (69.1%) and (30.7%) were females. Participants managed to recognize that coronary heart disease (74.5%), congenital heart disease (53.4%) ares types of CVDs. The overall knowledge on cardiovascular disease was poor with mean score of 12.24 out of 25.0. Conclusion: The available data indicate poor knowledge about cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors;, it’s very important to establish more widespread awareness campaigns regarding CVDs awareness. Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Acute coronary syndrome, Survey, Cardiovascular diseases, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

A quantitative analysis of geomorphic indices was carried out to understand the impacts of tectonics on the geomorphological relief of drainage basins and alluvial fans. Based on field work, satellite images and aerial photographs interpretation, five stages of alluvial fanswere recognized within the study area. Theyare of a coalesced type, forming continuous belt of Bajada, andcovering vast areas whichextend along the southwestern limb of Hemrinanticline. The alluvial fans’ sediments lie unconformably over pre- Quaternary sediments represented by angular unconformity.The earlier stages of the fanswere developed during the Plio- Pleistocene age, whereas the later stage represents the sediments of the Holocene age. Fourdistinct segmented alluvial fans were considered under this study, located within Torsaq and Shosharin basins. They aredeveloped in the first, second and third stagesof alluvial fans. Some morphotectonic parameters were calculated in order to understand the tectonic dynamics of these fans, includingmountain front sinuosity (Smf), ratio of valley floor’s width to height (Vf), fan tilting(β), and drainage basin asymmetry (FA). The results showedless active mountain frontand low uplift,according to the acquired high values of Vf.The fansare tilted towards the west direction, indicating uplift of their eastern parts,whilethe main streams are shifted downstream to the right.

The wars in Syria, Iraq and Yemen, the crisis in Bahrain and the confrontation with Iran have created an environment of sectarianism in the region. This hostility has challenged the media to deal with the issue of citizenship ( Al-Muwatana) in a responsible manner. This study applies Social Responsibility Theory to shed light on the role of print media in shaping the concept of citizenship in the Arabian Gulf, with reference to states that enjoy full or partial freedom, especially Kuwait and Oman. The results of this study show that Omani newspapers deal with citizenship positively when reporting news from Syria, Bahrain, Iraq, Yemen and Iran despite press censorship, while Kuwaiti print media, with its greater freedom of the press, is more negative on the topic of citizenship.

Four hundred and seventy eight gravity base stations in Iraq were used to obtain a new local theoretical gravity equation. The obtained equation was used to construct a Bouguer anomaly map of Iraq depending on the available gravity base stations. This map was compared with the Bouguer map constructed for the same stations using the international formula (1930). Good similarity in shapes and locations of the anomaly were observed, while the gravity anomaly values in the new map were increased by about 30 mGal. The eastern zero gravity contour line of the new obtained gravity map coincides with the western boundary of the tectonic Mesopotamian zone, while the main negative gravity values coincide with the Mesopotamian area, which contains most oil fields in eastern Iraq. All negative gravity anomaly areas coincide with the deepest basement rocks (the sedimentary basins) in Iraq. The obtained results are very valuable in geological applications.

Constructing yolk–shell-structured non-noble-metal composites is very important for improving their activity and stability in catalytic performance. Herein, we report a facile strategy for the synt...

In a thermodynamical system, loss of energy takes the center of attention. According to laws of thermodynamics, energy of the system remains conserve, but all energy is employed to add work, and some of it is converted to rise the temperature and eventually increases entropy. Entropy of the system only increases and can never decrease. For the optimal thermal performance of a system, we need entropy generated to be minimum. This paper explores the enhancement of entropy in magneto-hydrodynamics nanofluid flowing inside the parallel plate which has a capacity of expansion or contraction. The lower plate is heated from outside. The mathematical constitution for the mass, momentum and transport of heat is described by a set of PDEs, which in turn generates a series solution by adopting the homotopy analysis method under prescribed boundary values. Different nano-sized particles, i.e., copper, silver and alumina are uniformly mixed in water. The impact of various factors on temperature, Nusselt number and velocity are elaborated pictorially and tabularly.

This paper focus on the problem of global Lagrange stability for neutral-type inertial neural networks with discrete and distributed time delays. By choosing a proper variable substitution, an inertial neural network consisting of second-order differential equations can be converted into a first-order differential model. The sufficient conditions of the inertial neural network with neutral delay are derived by constructing suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional candidates, introducing new free weighting matrices, utilizing inequality techniques and analytical method. Through the LMI condition, we analyze the global exponential stability of the delayed inertial neural networks in Lagrange sense. Meanwhile, the global exponential attractive set is also given. Finally, some example is given to illustrate our theoretical results.

Supported non-precious metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable interest for their low cost and excellent properties. However, immobilizing them with good dispersion on supports is sti...

In the last two decades, there has been a growing body of new teaching methods that encourage students to be active participants in their own learning. One of these approaches is known as game-base...

In this study, the hierarchical mesoporous carbon (HMC) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The batch adsorption experiments showed that HMC exhibited the ultrafast equilibrium fate (80 % U(VI) capture efficiency within 5 min), high UO2 2+ capture capacity (210 mg/g, pH = 4.5) and well recyclability. The investigations of XPS techniques indicated the oxygen-containing functional groups were responsible for high efficient UO2 2+ adsorption. The pH-dependent adsorption was simulated by three surface complexation modellings, revealing that UO2 2+ adsorption on HMC was excellently fitted by triple layer model using two inner-sphere complexes (i. e. SOUO2 + and SOUO2(CO3)3 5− species) compared to constant capacitance model and diffuse layer model. These findings are crucial for expanding actual applications of HMC towards the removal of radionuclides under environmental cleanup.

Recently, the suspension of hybrid nanoparticles in conventional fluids has been investigated as a technique for improving the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. The dearth of documentation on the trio influence of volume concentration, base fluid, and temperature on the electrical conductivity and viscosity of hybrid alumina–ferrofluids [Al2O3–Fe2O3 (25:75 mass%)] has led to this study. The effective viscosity and electrical conductivity of the deionized water (DW)-based and ethylene glycol (EG)–DW-based (50:50 vol%) hybrid alumina–ferrofluids were measured at temperatures of 20–50 °C and volume concentrations of 0.05–0.75%. Based on the importance of soft computing methods to engineers, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used for predicting the relative viscosity and electrical conductivity of the two types of hybrid ferrofluids. The measured data for viscosity and electrical conductivity were used in the modeling. Model performances were evaluated using the root mean squared error index. Viscosity was enhanced by 3.23–43.64% and 2.79–49.38%, while electrical conductivity was increased by 163.37–1692.16% and 717.14–7618.89% for the DW- and EG–DIW-based hybrid ferrofluids, respectively, compared with the respective base fluids. Increasing volume concentration augmented the viscosity and electrical conductivity of all the hybrid alumina–ferrofluids, whereas a rise in temperature enhanced their electrical conductivity and detracted the viscosity. DW-based hybrid alumina–ferrofluid was observed to have a lower viscosity and higher electrical conductivity than the EG–DW-based counterpart. The results showed that the optimum ANN and ANFIS models have a maximum error of less than 4.5% and 3.9% for relative viscosity and electrical conductivity, respectively, which were lower than those proposed using regression analysis. With the hybrid alumina–ferrofluids possessing a lower viscosity relative to single-particle ferrofluids, they are recommended for engineering application.

This article focuses on the study of Walters B nanofluid, under the impact of Joule heating, inclined magnetic field, viscous dissipation, swimming microorganisms, and stratification flowing past a horizontal cylindrical surface. The mathematical model is reduced to higher-order ordinary differential equations using Von Neumann similarity transformations. To obtain analytical solutions, the Optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) has been applied to the mathematical form. The analysis of skin friction, heat transfer rates and mass transfer rates of nanoparticles as well as swimming microorganisms is done using variation in different parameters and these results are portrayed using contour plots. Entropy is studied through dimensionless entropy generation parameter NG and Bejan number Be. The internal molecular stability is seen to reduce for temperature difference parameter Ω‾. Keywords: Walters’ B nanofluid, Swimming gyrotactic microorganisms, Thermophysical properties, Entropy generation, Optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM)

This paper is concerned with the problem of the guaranteed H∞ filtering with interval time-varying delay and Markovian jumping system. By constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a novel delay-...

The aim of this paper is to present a Grobner-Shirshov basis for a special type of braid monoids, namely the symmetric inverse monoid In, in terms of the dex-leg ordering on the related elements of monoid. By taking into account the Grobner-Shirshov basis, the ideal form (or, equivalently, the normal form structure) of this important monoid will be obtained. This ideal form will give us the solution of the word problem. At the final part of this paper, we give an application of our main result which find out a Grobner-Shirshov basis for the symmetric inverse monoid I4 such that the accuracy and efficiency of this example can be seen by GBNP package in GAP (Group, Algorithms and Programming) which computes Grobner bases of non-commutative polynomials [ 1 ].

The MnO2-based heterogeneous catalyst has been considered as one of the most efficient catalysts for enzyme-like catalysis, however, it usually suffers from low stability and difficulty in recycling and reuse. Herein, MnO2 nanosheets supported on nickel foam (NF@MnO2) have been fabricated, via a facile one-step hydrothermal process, as an artificial oxidase for the detection and quantification of ascorbic acid (AA). NF, as a magnetic support, possesses a three-dimensional (3D) skeleton and excellent conductivity, which greatly facilitate the utilization of active sites, electron transfer, as well as separation from the solution with an external magnet. Owing to this unique architecture and the synergistic effect between NF and MnO2, the designed NF@MnO2 composites show enhanced enzyme-like activity toward the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as compared to NF or MnO2 alone. By virtue of the reducing ability of ascorbic acid (AA), the AA selectively inhibited this reaction with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. More importantly, this kind of NF-based design can be easily extended to the synthesis of other functional materials for enzyme-like catalytic applications.