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The mechanisms underlying the homeostatic estrogen negative feedback pathway central to mammalian fertility have remained unresolved. Direct measurement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator activity in freely behaving mice with GCaMP photometry demonstrated striking estradiol-dependent plasticity in the frequency, duration, amplitude, and profile of pulse generator synchronization events. Mice with Cre-dependent deletion of ESR1 from all kisspeptin neurons exhibited pulse generator activity identical to that of ovariectomized wild-type mice. An in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 approach was used to knockdown ESR1 expression selectively in arcuate nucleus (ARN) kisspeptin neurons. Mice with >80% deletion of ESR1 in ARN kisspeptin neurons exhibited the ovariectomized pattern of GnRH pulse generator activity and high frequency LH pulses but with very low amplitude due to reduced responsiveness of the pituitary. Together, these studies demonstrate that estrogen utilizes ESR1 in ARN kisspeptin neurons to achieve estrogen negative feedback of the GnRH pulse generator in mice.

This descriptive study was conducted to investigate nursing college students’ level of patient safety management during the pediatric-adolescent nursing clinical practice courses. This study aimed to provide a baseline data for developing systematic nursing educational curriculum for the enhancement of competence in nursing college students’ fundamental patient safety nursing intervention. The participants consisted of 372 senior nursing college students who have had clinical practice at a nursing college in G metropolitan city. The data was collected from December 1 to 28th, 2019 at the end point of their clinical training education in nursing college, and convenience sampling method was used. The results of this study indicated that the ratio of correct answers of PSM-K was 7.30 out of 10, PSM-A was 3.76, PSM-CP was 3.92, and PSM-P was 4.21 out of 5 points. In terms of the correlations between PSM-K, PSM-A, PSM-CP, and PSM-P, significant positive correlations existed between PSM-K and PSM-A(r=.28, p

This report examines a proposed innovative fast reactor (FR) core design that enables rapid reduction of separated plutonium (Pu), while presenting the equivalent or, in some cases, even better operation and safety performance compared to a typical FR. The impact of the innovative core design was evaluated based on mass balance and non-proliferation features. The fundamental characteristics of FRs for the rapid reduction of separated Pu indicate that a core design with the blanket fuel regions removed and a higher-enriched mixed oxide (MOX) fuel loaded in the core regions should result in the highest Pu loading and Pu reduction ratio. Furthermore, three approaches of the age impact of MOX fuel, the placement of gas plenum in the axial blanket and Pu enrichment zoning gradually dense in the outer core were comprehensively examined for operation and safety performance. These led to be higher Pu loading and Pu reduction with the requirements of a typical FR. In the mass balance and non-proliferation evaluation, it was clarified that the proposed FR had higher speed of separated Pu reduction than the light water reactor (LWR) or long storage. Consequently, the MOX fuels irradiated in the FR and the LWR were the downgraded categories in the nuclear security and safeguards regulations, which was the same as those of conventional spent nuclear fuel that exists abundantly worldwide.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1 Figure S1. Protein-protein interaction analysis by PLA. Control of OVCA and CECA cell and description of Duo link PLA count method. (A) A2780s (ovarian cancer cells- OVCA), (B) C13 (cervical cancer cells – CECA), and (C) human ovarian tumour section without treatment of PLA reagents (contro. Blue represents DAPI (nucleus marker) and green represents TOM20 (mitochondria marker). (D) OV2008 cells treated without (CTL) or with CDDP were subjected to PLA assay. Using Duolink image tool, white dots (PLA signal) were counted either in mitochondria (green) or nucleus (Blue). Cell number was automatically assigned as shown by Duolink image tool. (E) PLA signal in each cell were counted, summed and averaged by number of cells as shown in table. Figure S2. CDDP increased Phb1 content and apoptosis in OV2008 cells, but not in C13* cells. (A) and (B) Comparison of Phb1 contents and apoptosis in OV2008 and C13* cultured with CDDP at different concentrations (A: 0–10 μM, 24 h) or for different duration (B: 0–24 h, 10 μM). Contents of Phb1 and GAPDH (loading control) were examined by Western blotting. Apoptosis was examined by Hoechst assay. Phb1 contents in OV2008 cells but not in C13* cells were significantly increased in the presence of CDDP in a concentration- (A; **p

본 연구는 목적은 호텔기업 이미지, 호텔 이용자 만족도, 호텔브랜드 애호도간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하며, 이를 통해 점점 치열 해져가는 경쟁환경 속에서 고객 만족도 제고, 수익 구조 다각화를 통한 경영수지 개선에 기여 하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 요인분석과 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 호텔기업 이미지와 호텔이용 만족도의 관계에서 호텔기업 이미지(정서ㆍ인지적, 물리적 환경 이미지)가 호텔이용 만족도에 유의한 正의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 호텔기업 이미지와 호텔 브랜드 애호도의 관계에서 호텔기업 이미지(정서ㆍ인지적, 물리적 환경 이미지)가 호텔 브랜드 애호도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 호텔이용 만족도와 호텔 브랜드 애호도에 관계에서 호텔이용 만족도는 호텔 브랜드 애호도에 유의한 正의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 첫째, 호텔기업 이미지는 호텔 브랜드 특성을 나타내기도 하며, 좋은 서비스와 상품의 판매, 지역 사회와의 관계 등은 호텔기업의 이미지와 고객의 호텔 이용자 만족도가 서로 관계를 가짐으로써 영향을 미침을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 호텔기업 이미지에 대한 호텔 이용고객의 호텔이용 만족도는 호텔서비스를 구성하는 다양한 서비스 평가가 총체적으로 이루어져야 하며, 호텔의 이용경험에 대해 만족하면 반복적인 구매행동으로 이어지며 호텔에 대한 충성도로 이어짐을 알 수 있다. 고객만족과 가장 상관관계가 많은 변수 중 하나가 충성도이며, 고객들의 충성도를 높이기 위한 방법을 찾기 위해 기업들은 많은 노력을 강구해야 할 것 이다. 셋째, 호텔기업 이미지에 대한 호텔 브랜드 애호도는 고객의 기대욕구에 만족하는 정도에 따라 지속적이고 우호적인 태도라고 볼 수 있다. 이는 고객이 특정 브랜드에 대한 신념의 집합으로 평가의 총체라고 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 호텔 기업은 호텔이용 고객과의 관계를 지속적으로 이어나가기 위해 이미지 관리 및 만족도를 높여 차별화된 마케팅 경쟁력을 갖기 위해 노력해야 할 필요가 있다.

The Journal of Studies in Language 34.4, 629-638. Language is communicated through discourse which consists of texts between a speaker and a hearer (receiver). Linguists have defined a text as the unit beyond a sentence. A text can be described in terms of textuality which identifies the properties and characteristics of a text. This paper aims to describe textuality which is uttered in hospitality English on the basis of seven criteria (cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality) suggested by Beaugrande and Dressler(1981). This paper shows all seven kinds of the textuality mentioned above are used in hospitality English discourse. We furthermore suggest that the seven criteria of textuality must be taught to the learners in the hospitality English. (Chungwoon University)

In this study, we analyzed professors performance of teaching in college of science and engineering from the perspective of the CHAT. Two professors...

This study was a descriptive study conducted to investigate nursing college students’ degree of patient safety management during their clinical...

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-4-jbd-10.1177_01650254211020128 for Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium by Eric E. Desmarais, Brian F. French, Emine Ahmetoglu, Ibrahim Acar, Carmen Gonzalez-Salinas, Elena Kozlova, Helena Slobodskaya, Oana Benga, Mirjana Majdandžić, Roseriet Beijers, Carolina de Weerth, Blanca Huitron, Eun Gyoung Lee, Sae-Young Han, Seong-Yeon Park, Lorenzo Giusti, Rosario Montirosso, Soile Tuovinen, Kati Heinonen, Katri Raikkonen, Zhengyan Wang, Felipe Lecannelier, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares, Sara Casalin, Samuel P. Putnam and Maria A. Gartstein in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-3-jbd-10.1177_01650254211020128 for Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium by Eric E. Desmarais, Brian F. French, Emine Ahmetoglu, Ibrahim Acar, Carmen Gonzalez-Salinas, Elena Kozlova, Helena Slobodskaya, Oana Benga, Mirjana Majdandžić, Roseriet Beijers, Carolina de Weerth, Blanca Huitron, Eun Gyoung Lee, Sae-Young Han, Seong-Yeon Park, Lorenzo Giusti, Rosario Montirosso, Soile Tuovinen, Kati Heinonen, Katri Raikkonen, Zhengyan Wang, Felipe Lecannelier, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares, Sara Casalin, Samuel P. Putnam and Maria A. Gartstein in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jbd-10.1177_01650254211020128 for Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium by Eric E. Desmarais, Brian F. French, Emine Ahmetoglu, Ibrahim Acar, Carmen Gonzalez-Salinas, Elena Kozlova, Helena Slobodskaya, Oana Benga, Mirjana Majdandžić, Roseriet Beijers, Carolina de Weerth, Blanca Huitron, Eun Gyoung Lee, Sae-Young Han, Seong-Yeon Park, Lorenzo Giusti, Rosario Montirosso, Soile Tuovinen, Kati Heinonen, Katri Raikkonen, Zhengyan Wang, Felipe Lecannelier, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares, Sara Casalin, Samuel P. Putnam and Maria A. Gartstein in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-jbd-10.1177_01650254211020128 for Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium by Eric E. Desmarais, Brian F. French, Emine Ahmetoglu, Ibrahim Acar, Carmen Gonzalez-Salinas, Elena Kozlova, Helena Slobodskaya, Oana Benga, Mirjana Majdandžić, Roseriet Beijers, Carolina de Weerth, Blanca Huitron, Eun Gyoung Lee, Sae-Young Han, Seong-Yeon Park, Lorenzo Giusti, Rosario Montirosso, Soile Tuovinen, Kati Heinonen, Katri Raikkonen, Zhengyan Wang, Felipe Lecannelier, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares, Sara Casalin, Samuel P. Putnam and Maria A. Gartstein in International Journal of Behavioral Development

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of manual therapy on lower extremity alignment in pelvic malalignment. The subjects were 20 adults with pelvic malalignment. They were divided into two groups: manual therapy group (n=10) and stretching exercise group (n=10). Each group performed the intervention two times per week for 4 weeks. The lower extremity alignment was measured by pelvic deviation, functional leg length inequality, and plantar pressure distribution, which were measured between pre- and post-test. In the result of pelvic deviation, there was a significant difference between the pre- and post-test of the manual therapy group and stretching exercise group. In the result of the functional leg length inequality, there was a significant difference between the pre- and post- test of the manual therapy group. In the result of plantar pressure distribution, there was a significant difference between the pre- and post- test of the manual therapy group. These findings suggest manual therapy improves the pelvic deviation, functional leg length inequality, and plantar pressure distribution in the pelvic malalignment.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review to assess the clinical effectiveness of scalp acupuncture (SA) for stroke. METHODS Literature searches were performed in 7 databases up to 16 August 2014, and all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which SA therapy was administered to stroke patients were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad score, the Cochrane risk of bias assessment, and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture. RESULTS Of a total of 2086 papers, 21 RCTs were selected. Meta-analysis revealed significant differences in the total efficacy rates of the SA group and the body acupuncture (BA) group vs the medication group (P CONCLUSION The results of our systematic review showed that SA therapy may exhibit effects in treatment efficacy and in the recovery of motor and nervous functions in patients with acute to chronic stroke. However, because of the lack of methodological quality, the thoroughly planned clinical studies are still required.

본 연구는 애착이론 및 결혼만족도와 관련된 선행연구들을 근거로 하여 중년기 기혼 여성의 성인애착 불안/회피와 결혼만족도의 관계에서 의사소통행동과 부부친밀감의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중년기 기혼 여성 376명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중년기 여성의 애착불안/애착회피 차원이 직접 결혼만족도에 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 둘째, 애착불안은 역기능적 의사소통을 완전매개로 결혼만족도에 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 애착회피는 부부친밀감을 완전매개로 결혼만족도에 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 애착불안은 역기능적 의사소통과 부부친밀감의 순차적 이중매개로도 결혼만족도에 영향을 미쳤다. 끝으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Supplemental material, Supplement_table1 for Effect of a Crisis Intervention Team for suicide attempt patients in an emergency department in Korea by Eusang Ahn, Jooyeong Kim, Sungwoo Moon, Young-hoon Ko, Hanjin Cho, Jong-Hak Park, Ju Hyun Song, Han Na Kim, Ju Yeon Jee and Ra Young Han in Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine

SPIRIT 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (DOCX 367 kb)