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1. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S, Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S, Bartlett, James G, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N, Benson, Bradford A, Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A, Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R, Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L, Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L, Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M, Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W, Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, and Henderson, Shawn

Subjects
Particle and Plasma Physics, Molecular, Nuclear, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

CMB-S4 - the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment - is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2-3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.

Published
2022

2. Foreground Separation and Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves with the PICO Space Mission

Author

Aurlien, Ragnhild, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Belkner, Sebastian, Carron, Julien, Delabrouille, Jacques, Eriksen, Hans Kristian, Flauger, Raphael, Fuskeland, Unni, Galloway, Mathew, Gorski, Krzysztof M., Hanany, Shaul, Hensley, Brandon S., Hill, J. Colin, Lawrence, Charles R., van Engelen, Alexander, and Wehus, Ingunn Kathrine

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

PICO is a concept for a NASA probe-scale mission aiming to detect or constrain the tensor to scalar ratio $r$, a parameter that quantifies the amplitude of inflationary gravity waves. We carry out map-based component separation on simulations with five foreground models and input $r$ values $r_{in}=0$ and $r_{in} = 0.003$. We forecast $r$ determinations using a Gaussian likelihood assuming either no delensing or a residual lensing factor $A_{\rm lens}$ = 27%. By implementing the first full-sky, post component-separation, map-domain delensing, we show that PICO should be able to achieve $A_{\rm lens}$ = 22% - 24%. For four of the five foreground models we find that PICO would be able to set the constraints $r < 1.3 \times 10^{-4} \,\, \mbox{to} \,\, r, Comment: 34 pages, 13 figures, published in JCAP

Published
2022
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3. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author

Collaboration, The CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S, Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S, Bartlett, James G, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N, Benson, Bradford A, Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A, Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R, Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L, Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L, Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M, Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W, Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, and Hasselfield, Matthew

Subjects
astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.

Published
2020

4. Inflation and Dark Energy from spectroscopy at $z > 2$

Author

Ferraro, Simone, Wilson, Michael J, Abidi, Muntazir, Alonso, David, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Armstrong, Robert, Asorey, Jacobo, Avelino, Arturo, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bandura, Kevin, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bavdhankar, Chetan, Bernal, José Luis, Beutler, Florian, Biagetti, Matteo, Blanc, Guillermo A, Blazek, Jonathan, Bolton, Adam S, Borrill, Julian, Frye, Brenda, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Bull, Philip, Burgess, Cliff, Byrnes, Christian T, Cai, Zheng, Castander, Francisco J, Castorina, Emanuele, Chang, Tzu-Ching, Chaves-Montero, Jonás, Chen, Shi-Fan, Chen, Xingang, Balland, Christophe, Yèche, Christophe, Cohn, JD, Coulton, William, Courtois, Helene, Croft, Rupert AC, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, D'Amico, Guido, Dawson, Kyle, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dey, Arjun, Doré, Olivier, Douglass, Kelly A, Yutong, Duan, Dvorkin, Cora, Eggemeier, Alexander, Eisenstein, Daniel, Fan, Xiaohui, Ferreira, Pedro G, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Foreman, Simon, García-Bellido, Juan, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Green, Daniel, Guy, Julien, Hahn, ChangHoon, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hathi, Nimish, Hawken, Adam J, Hernández-Aguayo, César, Hložek, Renée, Huterer, Dragan, Ishak, Mustapha, Kamionkowski, Marc, Karagiannis, Dionysios, Keeley, Ryan E, Kehoe, Robert, Khatri, Rishi, Kim, Alex, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kollmeier, Juna A, Kovetz, Ely D, Krause, Elisabeth, Krolewski, Alex, L'Huillier, Benjamin, Landriau, Martin, Levi, Michael, Liguori, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lukić, Zarija, Macorra, Axel de la, Plazas, Andrés A, Marshall, Jennifer L, Martini, Paul, Masui, Kiyoshi, McDonald, Patrick, Meerburg, P Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Mirbabayi, Mehrdad, Moustakas, John, Myers, Adam D, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Newburgh, Laura, Newman, Jeffrey A, Niz, Gustavo, and Padmanabhan, Hamsa

Subjects
astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more recently, at $z < 1$, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large cosmological volume at $2 < z < 5$, together with the ability to efficiently target high-$z$ galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of $\sigma(f_{NL}^{\rm local})$ of order unity that separates single field and multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy at the percent level up to $z = 5$, thus serving as an unprecedented test of the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space.

Published
2019

5. Messengers from the Early Universe: Cosmic Neutrinos and Other Light Relics

Author

Green, Daniel, Amin, Mustafa A, Meyers, Joel, Wallisch, Benjamin, Abazajian, Kevork N, Abidi, Muntazir, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Armstrong, Robert, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bandura, Kevin, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baumann, Daniel, Bechtol, Keith, Bennett, Charles, Benson, Bradford, Beutler, Florian, Bischoff, Colin, Bleem, Lindsey, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burgess, Cliff, Carlstrom, John E, Castorina, Emanuele, Challinor, Anthony, Chen, Xingang, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, William, Craig, Nathaniel, Crawford, Thomas, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, D'Amico, Guido, Demarteau, Marcel, Doré, Olivier, Yutong, Duan, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Ellison, John, Engelen, Alexander van, Escoffier, Stephanie, Essinger-Hileman, Tom, Fabbian, Giulio, Filippini, Jeffrey, Flauger, Raphael, Foreman, Simon, Fuller, George, Garcia, Marcos AG, García-Bellido, Juan, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Górski, Krzysztof M, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hill, J Colin, Hirata, Christopher M, Hložek, Renée, Holder, Gilbert, Horiuchi, Shunsaku, Huterer, Dragan, Kadota, Kenji, Kamionkowski, Marc, Keeley, Ryan E, Khatri, Rishi, Kisner, Theodore, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Knox, Lloyd, Koushiappas, Savvas M, Kovetz, Ely D, L'Huillier, Benjamin, Lahav, Ofer, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Lee, Hayden, Liguori, Michele, Lin, Tongyan, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Masui, Kiyoshi, McMahon, Jeff, McQuinn, Matthew, Meerburg, P Daniel, Mirbabayi, Mehrdad, Motloch, Pavel, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Munõz, Julian B, Nagy, Johanna, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D, Nomerotski, Andrei, Page, Lyman, Piacentni, Francesco, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, and Pryke, Clement

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, astro-ph.CO, hep-ph, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The hot dense environment of the early universe is known to have produced large numbers of baryons, photons, and neutrinos. These extreme conditions may have also produced other long-lived species, including new light particles (such as axions or sterile neutrinos) or gravitational waves. The gravitational effects of any such light relics can be observed through their unique imprint in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the large-scale structure, and the primordial light element abundances, and are important in determining the initial conditions of the universe. We argue that future cosmological observations, in particular improved maps of the CMB on small angular scales, can be orders of magnitude more sensitive for probing the thermal history of the early universe than current experiments. These observations offer a unique and broad discovery space for new physics in the dark sector and beyond, even when its effects would not be visible in terrestrial experiments or in astrophysical environments. A detection of an excess light relic abundance would be a clear indication of new physics and would provide the first direct information about the universe between the times of reheating and neutrino decoupling one second later.

Published
2019

6. PICO: Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins

Author

Hanany, Shaul, Barreiro, R. Belén, Herranz, D., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Minnesota, and California Institute of Technology

Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, Statistics::Applications, Quantitative Biology::Molecular Networks, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior
Abstract

Astro2020: Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics, APC white papers: et al., The Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO) is a proposed probe-scale space mission consisting of an imaging polarimeter operating in frequency bands between 20 and 800 GHz. We describe the science achievable by PICO, which has sensitivity equivalent to more than 3300 Planck missions, the technical implementation, the schedule and cost., This research was funded by a NASA grant NNX17AK52G to the University of Minnesota / Twin Cities, by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and by Lockheed Martin Corporation.

Published
2019

7. Probing the origin of our Universe through cosmic microwave background constraints on gravitational waves

Author

Shandera, Sarah, Adshead, Peter, Amin, Mustafa, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dvorkin, Cora, Easther, Richard, Fasiello, Matteo, Flauger, Raphael, Giblin Jr, John T., Hanany, Shaul, Knox, Lloyd, Lim, Eugene, McAllister, Liam, Meyers, Joel, Peloso, Marco, Rocha, Graca, Shiraishi, Maresuke, Sorbo, Lorenzo, and Watson, Scott

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The next generation of instruments designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) will provide a historic opportunity to open the gravitational wave window to the primordial Universe. Through high sensitivity searches for primordial gravitational waves, and tighter limits on the energy released in processes like phase transitions, the CMB polarization data of the next decade has the potential to transform our understanding of the laws of physics underlying the formation of the Universe., Comment: 5 pages + references; Submitted to the Astro2020 call for science white papers

Published
2019
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8. Primordial Non-Gaussianity

Author

Meerburg, P. Daniel, Green, Daniel, Abidi, Muntazir, Amin, Mustafa A., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Alonso, David, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Armstrong, Robert, Avila, Santiago, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baldauf, Tobias, Ballardini, Mario, Bandura, Kevin, Bartolo, Nicola, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baumann, Daniel, Bavdhankar, Chetan, Bernal, José Luis, Beutler, Florian, Biagetti, Matteo, Bischoff, Colin, Blazek, Jonathan, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Bull, Philip, Burgess, Cliff, Byrnes, Christian, Calabrese, Erminia, Carlstrom, John E., Castorina, Emanuele, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Tzu-Ching, Chaves-Montero, Jonás, Chen, Xingang, Yèche, Christophe, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, William, Crawford, Thomas, Chisari, Elisa, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, D Amico, Guido, Bernardis, Paolo, La Macorra, Axel, Doré, Olivier, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Eggemeier, Alexander, Escoffier, Stephanie, Essinger-Hileman, Tom, Fasiello, Matteo, Ferraro, Simone, Flauger, Raphael, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Foreman, Simon, Friedrich, Oliver, García-Bellido, Juan, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goon, Garrett, Górski, Krzysztof M., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gupta, Nikhel, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hawken, Adam J., Hill, J. Colin, Hirata, Christopher M., Hložek, Renée, Holder, Gilbert, Huterer, Dragan, Kamionkowski, Marc, Kirit Karkare, Keeley, Ryan E., Kinney, William, Kisner, Theodore, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Knox, Lloyd, Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kovetz, Ely D., Koyama, Kazuya, L Huillier, Benjamin, Lahav, Ofer, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Lee, Hayden, Liguori, Michele, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maldacena, Juan, Marsh, M. C. David, Masui, Kiyoshi, Matarrese, Sabino, Mcallister, Liam, Mcmahon, Jeff, Mcquinn, Matthew, Meyers, Joel, Mirbabayi, Mehrdad, Moradinezhad Dizgah, Azadeh, Motloch, Pavel, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Muñoz, Julian B., Myers, Adam D., Nagy, Johanna, Naselsky, Pavel, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Nicolis, Alberto, Niemack, Michael D., Niz, Gustavo, Nomerotski, Andrei, Page, Lyman, Pajer, Enrico, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Palma, Gonzalo A., Peiris, Hiranya V., Percival, Will J., Piacentni, Francesco, Pimentel, Guilherme L., Pogosian, Levon, Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Stompor, Radek, Raveri, Marco, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graça, Ross, Ashley J., Rossi, Graziano, Ruhl, John, Sasaki, Misao, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Senatore, Leonardo, Seo, Hee-Jong, Shan, Huanyuan, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Silverstein, Eva, Simon, Sara, Slosar, Anze, Staggs, Suzanne, Starkman, Glenn, Stebbins, Albert, Suzuki, Aritoki, Switzer, Eric R., Timbie, Peter, Tolley, Andrew J., Tomasi, Maurizio, Tristram, Matthieu, Trodden, Mark, Tsai, Yu-Dai, Uhlemann, Cora, Umiltà, Caterina, Engelen, Alexander, Vargas-Magaña, M., Vieregg, Abigail, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wands, David, Wandelt, Benjamin, Wang, Yi, Watson, Scott, Wise, Mark, Wu, W. L. K., Xianyu, Zhong-Zhi, Xu, Weishuang, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Sam, Yutong, Duan, Zaldarriaga, Matias, Zemcov, Michael, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Yi, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Our current understanding of the Universe is established through the pristine measurements of structure in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the distribution and shapes of galaxies tracing the large scale structure (LSS) of the Universe. One key ingredient that underlies cosmological observables is that the field that sources the observed structure is assumed to be initially Gaussian with high precision. Nevertheless, a minimal deviation from Gaussianityis perhaps the most robust theoretical prediction of models that explain the observed Universe; itis necessarily present even in the simplest scenarios. In addition, most inflationary models produce far higher levels of non-Gaussianity. Since non-Gaussianity directly probes the dynamics in the early Universe, a detection would present a monumental discovery in cosmology, providing clues about physics at energy scales as high as the GUT scale., Comment: 5 pages + references; Submitted to the Astro2020 call for science white papers. This version: fixed author list

Published
2019
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9. PICO: Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins

Author

Bennett, Charles, Dodelson, Scott, Page, Lyman, Bartlett, James, Battaglia, Nick, Bock, Jamie, Borrill, Julian, Chuss, David, Crill, Brendan P., Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Fissel, Laura, Flauger, Raphael, Green, Dan, Hill, J.Colin, Hubmayr, Johannes, Jones, William, Knox, Lloyd, Kogut, Al, Lawrence, Charles, McMahon, Jeff, Pearson, Tim, Pryke, Clem, Schmittfull, Marcel, Trangsrud, Amy, van Engelen, Alexander, Alvarez, Marcelo, Artis, Emmanuel, Ashton, Peter, Aumont, Jonathan, Aurlien, Ragnhild, Banerji, Ranajoy, Belen Barreiro, R., Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bonato, Matteo, Bouchet, François, Boulanger, François, Burkhart, Blakesley, Chluba, Jens, Clark, Susan E., Cooperrider, Joelle, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Di Valentino, Eleonora, DIDIER, JOY, Doré, Olivier, Eriksen, Hans K., Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Tom, Feeney, Stephen, Filippini, Jeffrey, Fuskeland, Unni, Gluscevic, Vera, Gorski, Krzysztof M., Hanany, Shaul, Hensley, Brandon, Herranz, Diego, Colin Hill, J., Hivon, Eric, Hložek, Renée, Johnson, Bradley R., JONES, TERRY, López-Caniego, Marcos, Lazarian, Alex, Li, Zack, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Murray, Calum, Negrello, Mattia, Novak, Giles, O'Brient, Roger, Paine, Christopher, Pogosian, Levon, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Scott, Douglas, Shirron, Peter, Stephens, Ian, Sutin, Brian, Tomasi, Maurizio, Vansyngel, Flavien, Wehus, Ingunn K., Wen, Qi, Xu, Siyao, Young, Karl, Zonca, Andrea, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), NASA PICO, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Planck, fluctuation: linear, scalar tensor, costs, magnetic field, cosmic background radiation, power spectrum, thermal, pressure, optical, neutrino: mass, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), birefringence, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], photon, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, star: formation, inflation: model, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, infrared, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, scale: inflation, noise, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, dark matter, supernova, ionization, structure, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], inflation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), beam: polarization, inflation: slow-roll approximation, scale: Planck, gravitational radiation, temperature, gold, redshift, sensitivity, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), angular resolution, quantum gravity, efficiency, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

The Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO) is an imaging polarimeter that will scan the sky for 5 years in 21 frequency bands spread between 21 and 799 GHz. It will produce full-sky surveys of intensity and polarization with a final combined-map noise level of 0.87 $\mu$K arcmin for the required specifications, equivalent to 3300 Planck missions, and with our current best-estimate would have a noise level of 0.61 $\mu$K arcmin (6400 Planck missions). PICO will either determine the energy scale of inflation by detecting the tensor to scalar ratio at a level $r=5\times 10^{-4}~(5\sigma)$, or will rule out with more than $5\sigma$ all inflation models for which the characteristic scale in the potential is the Planck scale. With LSST's data it could rule out all models of slow-roll inflation. PICO will detect the sum of neutrino masses at $>4\sigma$, constrain the effective number of light particle species with $\Delta N_{\rm eff}, Comment: Probe class mission study submitted to NASA and 2020 Decadal Panel. Executive summary: 2.5 pages; Science: 28 pages; Total: 50 pages, 36 figures

Published
2019
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10. Millimeter-Wave Broadband Anti-Reflection Coatings Using Laser Ablation of Sub-Wavelength Structures

Author

Young, Karl, Wen, Qi, Hanany, Shaul, Koch, Jurgen, Suttman, Oliver, Schutz, Viktor, Matsumura, Tomotake, Ishino, Hirokazu, Inoue, Yuki, and Hazumi, Masashi

Subjects
Materials science, Terahertz radiation, Materials Science (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Business and International Management, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Laser ablation, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Extremely high frequency, Sapphire, Electromagnetic propagation, 0210 nano-technology, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We report on the first use of laser ablation to make sub-millimeter, broad-band, anti-reflection coatings (ARC) based on sub-wavelength structures (SWS) on alumina and sapphire. We used a 515 nm laser to produce pyramid-shaped structures with pitch of about 320 $\mu$m and total height of near 800 $\mu$m. Transmission measurements between 70 and 140 GHz are in agreement with simulations using electromagnetic propagation software. The simulations indicate that SWS ARC with the fabricated shape should have a fractional bandwidth response of $\Delta \nu / \nu_{center}\ = 0.55$ centered on 235 GHz for which reflections are below 3%. Extension of the bandwidth to both lower and higher frequencies, between few tens of GHz and few THz, should be straightforward with appropriate adjustment of laser ablation parameters., Comment: 8 pages, 15 figures. Submitted to Applied Optics

Published
2016
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11. The WOMBAT Challenge: A 'Hounds and Hares' Exercise for Cosmology

Author

Gawiser, Eric, Finkbeiner, Douglas, Jaffe, Andrew, Baker, Joanne C., Balbi, Amedeo, Davis, Marc, Hanany, Shaul, Holzapfel, William, Leonidas Moustakas, Robinson, James, Scannapieco, Evan, Smoot, George F., and Silk, Joseph

Subjects
Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics
Abstract

The Wavelength-Oriented Microwave Background Analysis Team (WOMBAT) is constructing microwave skymaps which will be more realistic than previous simulations. Our foreground models represent a considerable improvement: where spatial templates are available for a given foreground, we predict the flux and spectral index of that component at each place on the sky and estimate the uncertainties in these quantities. We will produce maps containing simulated Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies combined with all major expected foreground components. The simulated maps will be provided to the cosmology community as the WOMBAT Challenge, a "hounds and hares" exercise where such maps can be analyzed to extract cosmological parameters by scientists who are unaware of their input values. This exercise will test the efficacy of current foreground subtraction, power spectrum analysis, and parameter estimation techniques and will help identify the areas most in need of progress., Comment: 11 pages, details of Challenge exercise and foreground models available at http://astro.berkeley.edu/wombat

Published
1998
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12. Intensity-Coupled-Polarization in Instruments with a Continuously Rotating Half-Wave Plate

Author

Didier, Joy, Miller, Amber D., Araujo, Derek, Aubin, François, Geach, Christopher, Johnson, Bradley, Korotkov, Andrei, Raach, Kate, Westbrook, Benjamin, Young, Karl, Aboobaker, Asad M., Ade, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bao, Chaoyun, Chapman, Daniel, Dobbs, Matt, Grainger, Will, Hanany, Shaul, Helson, Kyle, Hillbrand, Seth, Hubmayr, Johannes, Jaffe, Andrew, Jones, Terry, Klein, Jeff, Lee, Adrian, Levinson, Lorne, Limon, Michele, Macdermid, Kevin, Milligan, Michael, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Pascale, Enzo, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt, Sagiv, Ilan, Carole Tucker, Tucker, Gregory S., and Zilic, Kyle

13. The Origin of the Universe as Revealed Through the Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Author

Dodelson, Scott, Easther, Richard, Hanany, Shaul, Mcallister, Liam, Meyer, Stephan, Page, Lyman, Ade, Peter, Amblard, Alexandre, Ashoorioon, Amjad, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Balbi, Amedeo, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Baumann, Daniel, Beltran, Maria, Benford, Dominic, Birkinshaw, Mark, Bock, Jamie, Bond, Dick, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois, Bridges, Michael, Bunn, Emory, Calabrese, Erminia, Cantalupo, Christopher, Caramete, Ana, Carbone, Carmelita, Carroll, Sean, Chatterjee, Suchetana, Chen, Xingang, Church, Sarah, Chuss, David, Contaldi, Carlo R., Cooray, Asantha R., Creminelli, Paolo, Das, Sudeep, Bernardis, Francesco, Bernardis, Paolo, Delabrouille, Jacques, Desert, F. Xavier, Devlin, Mark J., Dickinson, Clive, Dicker, Simon, Dipirro, Michael, Dobbs, Matt A., Dore, Olivier, Dotson, Jessie, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Eriksen, H. K., Falvella, Maria Cristina, Finley, Dave, Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Fixsen, Dale, Flauger, Raphael, Fosalba, Pablo, Fowler, Joseph W., Galli, Silvia, Gates, Evalyn I., Gear, Walter, Giraud-Heraud, Yannick, Gorski, Krzysztof, Greene, Brian, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Gundersen, Joshua, Halpern, Mark, Hamilton, Jean-Christophe, Hazumi, Masashi, Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hertzberg, Mark, Hinshaw, Gary, Hirata, Christopher, Hivon, Eric, Holman, Richard, Holmes, Warren, Hu, Wayne, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hui, Howard, Hui, Lam, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Mark, Jaffe, Andrew H., Johnson, Bradley, Johnson, Dean, Jones, William, Kachru, Shamit, Kadota, Kenji, Kaplan, Jean, Kaplinghat, Manoj, Keating, Brian G., Keskitalo, Reijo, Khoury, Justin, Kinney, William H., Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kodama, Hideo, Kogut, Alan, Komatsu, Eiichiro, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Krauss, Lawrence M., Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamarre, Jean-Michel, Landau, Susana Judith, Lawrence, Charles, Leach, Samuel M., Leblond, Louis, Lee, Adrian, Leitch, Erik, Leonardi, Rodrigo, Lesgourgues, Julien, Liddle, Andrew R., Lim, Eugene A., Limon, Michele, Loverde, Marilena, Lubin, Philip, Lunghi, Enrico, Lykken, Joseph D., Mactavish, Carolyn, Magalhaes, Antonio, Maino, Davide, Martin, Victoria, Sabino Matarrese, Mather, John C., Mathur, Harsh, Matsumura, Tomotake, Meerburg, Pieter, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Miller, Amber, Milligan, Michael, Moodley, Kavilan, Neimack, Michael, Nguyen, Hogan, Nicolis, Alberto, O Dwyer, Ian, Olinto, Angela, Pagano, Luca, Pajer, Enrico, Partridge, Bruce, Pearson, Timothy, Peiris, Hiranya V., Peloso, Marco, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michel, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pietrobon, Davide, Pisano, Giampaolo, Pogosian, Levon, Pogosyan, Dmitri, Ponthieu, Nicolas, Popa, Lucia, Pryke, Clement, Raeth, Christoph, Ray, Subharthi, Reichardt, Christian, Ricciardi, Sara, Richards, Paul, Riotto, Antonio, Rocha, Graca, Ruhl, John, Rusholme, Benjamin, Scherrer, Robert, Scoccola, Claudia, Scott, Douglas, Sealfon, Carolyn, Sefusatti, Emiliano, Sehgal, Neelima, Seiffert, Michael, Senatore, Leonardo, Serra, Paolo, Shandera, Sarah E., Shimon, Meir, Shirron, Peter, Sievers, Jonathan, Silk, Joseph I., Sigurdson, Kris, Silverberg, Robert F., Silverstein, Eva, Staggs, Suzanne, Starkman, Glenn D., Stebbins, Albert, Stivoli, Federico, Stompor, Radek, Sugiyama, Naoshi, Swetz, Daniel, Tartari, Andrea, Tegmark, Max, Timbie, Peter, Titov, Maxim P., Tristram, Matthieu, Trodden, Mark, Tucker, Gregory, Urrestilla, Jon, Veneziani, Marcella, Verde, Licia, Vieira, Joaquin, Walker, Terry, Wands, David, Watson, Scott, Weinberg, Steven, Weiss, Rainer, Wandelt, Benjamin, Winstein, Bruce D., Wollack, Edward, Wyman, Mark, Yadav, Amit, Yoon, Ki Won, Zahn, Olivier, Zaldarriaga, Matias, Zemcov, Michael, Zwart, Jonathan, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Bartlett, James, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, and Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.CO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Modern cosmology has sharpened questions posed for millennia about the origin of our cosmic habitat. The age-old questions have been transformed into two pressing issues primed for attack in the coming decade: How did the Universe begin? and What physical laws govern the Universe at the highest energies? The clearest window onto these questions is the pattern of polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which is uniquely sensitive to primordial gravity waves. A detection of the special pattern produced by gravity waves would be not only an unprecedented discovery, but also a direct probe of physics at the earliest observable instants of our Universe. Experiments which map CMB polarization over the coming decade will lead us on our first steps towards answering these age-old questions.

14. Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Cosmological Parameters

Author

Di Valentino, Eleonora, Brinckmann, Thejs, Gerbino, Martina, Poulin, Vivian, Bouchet, François R., Lesgourgues, Julien, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dvorkin, Cora, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, Hooper, Deanna C., Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Salvati, Laura, Cabass, Giovanni, Caputo, Andrea, Giusarma, Elena, Hivon, Eric, Natoli, Paolo, Pagano, Luca, Paradiso, Simone, Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Achucarro, Ana, Ade, Peter, Allison, Rupert, Arroja, Frederico, Ashdown, Marc, Ballardini, Mario, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartolo, Nicola, Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Baselmans, Jochem, Baumann, Daniel, Bernardis, Paolo, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Bonato, Matteo, Borrill, Julian, Boulanger, François, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Challinor, Anthony, Charles, Ivan, Colantoni, Ivan, Coppolecchia, Alessandro, Crook, Martin, D Alessandro, Giuseppe, Petris, Marco, Zotti, Gianfranco, Diego, Josè Maria, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, Gasperis, Giancarlo, Génova-Santos, Ricardo T., González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Josh, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hazra, Dhiraj K., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kisner, Ted, Kitching, Thomas, Kunz, Martin, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lasenby, Anthony, Lewis, Antony, Liguori, Michele, Lindholm, Valtteri, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Martin, Sylvain, Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Masi, Silvia, Mccarthy, Darragh, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mohr, Joseph J., Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Paiella, Alessandro, Paoletti, Daniela, Patanchon, Guillaume, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michael, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Quartin, Miguel, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Roman, Matthieu, Ringeval, Christophe, Tartari, Andrea, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tramonte, Denis, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Carole Tucker, Väliviita, Jussi, Weygaert, Rien, Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Vermeulen, Gérard, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, Zannoni, Mario, and Core, For The Collaboration

15. Messengers from the Early Universe: Cosmic Neutrinos and Other Light Relics

Author

Green, Daniel, Amin, Mustafa A., Meyers, Joel, Wallisch, Benjamin, Abazajian, Kevork N., Abidi, Muntazir, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Armstrong, Robert, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bandura, Kevin, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baumann, Daniel, Bechtol, Keith, Bennett, Charles, Benson, Bradford, Beutler, Florian, Bischoff, Colin, Bleem, Lindsey, Richard Bond, J., Borrill, Julian, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burgess, Cliff, Carlstrom, John E., Castorina, Emanuele, Challinor, Anthony, Chen, Xingang, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, William, Craig, Nathaniel, Crawford, Thomas, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, D Amico, Guido, Demarteau, Marcel, Doré, Olivier, Yutong, Duan, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Ellison, John, Engelen, Alexander, Escoffier, Stephanie, Essinger-Hileman, Tom, Fabbian, Giulio, Filippini, Jeffrey, Flauger, Raphael, Foreman, Simon, Fuller, George, Garcia, Marcos A. G., García-Bellido, Juan, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Gontcho A Gontcho, Satya, Górski, Krzysztof M., Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Colin Hill, J., Hirata, Christopher M., Hložek, Renée, Holder, Gilbert, Horiuchi, Shunsaku, Huterer, Dragan, Kadota, Kenji, Kamionkowski, Marc, Keeley, Ryan E., Khatri, Rishi, Kisner, Theodore, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Knox, Lloyd, Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kovetz, Ely D., L Huillier, Benjamin, Lahav, Ofer, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Lee, Hayden, Liguori, Michele, Lin, Tongyan, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Masui, Kiyoshi, Mcmahon, Jeff, Mcquinn, Matthew, Daniel Meerburg, P., Mirbabayi, Mehrdad, Motloch, Pavel, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Munõz, Julian B., Nagy, Johanna, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nomerotski, Andrei, Page, Lyman, Piacentni, Francesco, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Stompor, Radek, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rose, Benjamin, Rossi, Graziano, Ruhl, John, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schubnell, Michael, Schutz, Katelin, Sehgal, Neelima, Senatore, Leonardo, Seo, Hee-Jong, Sherwin, Blake D., Simon, Sara, Slosar, Anže, Staggs, Suzanne, Albert Stebbins, Suzuki, Aritoki, Switzer, Eric R., Timbie, Peter, Tristram, Matthieu, Trodden, Mark, Tsai, Yu-Dai, Umiltà, Caterina, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Vargas-Magaña, M., Vieregg, Abigail, Watson, Scott, Weiler, Thomas, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wu, W. L. K., Xu, Weishuang, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Zaldarriaga, Matias, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zuntz, Joe, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), long-lived, gravitation: effect, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), time: reheating, relic density, new physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, photon, gravitational radiation, hep-ph, neutrino: sterile, boundary condition, [PHYS.HPHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, gravitational radiation: emission, axion, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], neutrino: decoupling, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The hot dense environment of the early universe is known to have produced large numbers of baryons, photons, and neutrinos. These extreme conditions may have also produced other long-lived species, including new light particles (such as axions or sterile neutrinos) or gravitational waves. The gravitational effects of any such light relics can be observed through their unique imprint in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the large-scale structure, and the primordial light element abundances, and are important in determining the initial conditions of the universe. We argue that future cosmological observations, in particular improved maps of the CMB on small angular scales, can be orders of magnitude more sensitive for probing the thermal history of the early universe than current experiments. These observations offer a unique and broad discovery space for new physics in the dark sector and beyond, even when its effects would not be visible in terrestrial experiments or in astrophysical environments. A detection of an excess light relic abundance would be a clear indication of new physics and would provide the first direct information about the universe between the times of reheating and neutrino decoupling one second later., 5 pages + references; 1 figure; science white paper submitted to the Astro2020 decadal survey

16. Status of the stellar x-ray polarimeter for the Spectrum-X-Gamma mission

Author

Kaaret, Philip E., Novick, Robert, Shaw, Ping-Shine, Hanany, Shaul, Liu, Yee, Fleischman, Judith R., Sunyaev, Rashid, Lapshov, I., Weisskopf, Martin C., Elsner, Ronald F., Ramsey, Brian D., Silver, Eric H., Ziock, Klaus P., Costa, Enrico, Piro, Luigi, Giarrusso, Salvatore, Santangelo, Andrea E., Scarsi, Livio, Fraser, George W., Pearson, James F., Lees, John E., Perola, G. C., Massaro, Enrico, and Giorgio Matt

17. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Haan, Tijmen, Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, Mcmahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, P, Ey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alex, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Aless, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Era, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, Engelen, Alex, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Zonca, Andrea, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Lagrange de Paris, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey., Comment: Project White Paper submitted to the 2020 Decadal Survey, 10 pages plus references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

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18. The EBEX Balloon-Borne Experiment - Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software

Author

Ebex, The Collaboration, Aboobaker, Asad, Peter Ade, Araujo, Derek, Aubin, François, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bao, Chaoyun, Chapman, Daniel, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Grainger, Will, Hanany, Shaul, Helson, Kyle, Hillbrand, Seth, Hubmayr, Johannes, Jaffe, Andrew, Johnson, Bradley, Jones, Terry, Klein, Jeff, Korotkov, Andrei, Lee, Adrian, Levinson, Lorne, Limon, Michele, Macdermid, Kevin, Miller, Amber D., Milligan, Michael, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Pascale, Enzo, Raach, Kate, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt, Sagiv, Ilan, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory S., Westbrook, Benjamin, Young, Karl, and Zilic, Kyle

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Attitude control, Electric power system, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, The E and B Experiment, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, polarization, business.industry, Payload, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Electrical engineering, instrumentation: polarimeters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, balloons, cosmology: observations, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. EBEX was the first balloon-borne instrument to implement a kilo-pixel array of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometric detectors and the first CMB experiment to use the digital version of the frequency domain multiplexing system for readout of the TES array. The scan strategy relied on 40 s peak-to-peak constant velocity azimuthal scans. We discuss the unique demands on the design and operation of the payload that resulted from these new technologies and the scan strategy. We describe the solutions implemented including the development of a power system designed to provide a total of at least 2.3 kW, a cooling system to dissipate 590 W consumed by the detectors' readout system, software to manage and handle the data of the kilo-pixel array, and specialized attitude reconstruction software. We present flight performance data showing faultless management of the TES array, adequate powering and cooling of the readout electronics, and constraint of attitude reconstruction errors such that the spurious B-modes they induced were less than 10% of CMB B-mode power spectrum with $r=0.05$., 37 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Supp

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