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Smart manufacturing uses advanced data-driven solutions to maximise performance and resilience of daily operations. It requires large amounts of data delivered quickly. Datatransfer is enabled by telecom networks and network elements such as routers or switches. Disruptions can render a network inoperable, and advanced responsiveness to network usage is required to avoid them. This may be achieved by embedding autonomy into the network, providing fast and scalable algorithms that use key metrics for prioritising the management of a potential disruption, such as the impact of a failure in a network element on system functions. Centralised approaches are insu���cient for this as they require time to transmit data to the controller, by which time it may have become irrelevant. Decentralised and information bounded measurements solve this by situating computational agents near the data source. We propose a method to assess the value of the amount of information for calculating decentralised criticality metrics. The method introduces an agent-based model that assigns a data collection agent to every network element and computes relevant indicators of the impact of a failure in a decentralised way. The method is evaluated through simulations of discrete information exchange and concurrent data analysis, comparing accuracy of simple measures to a benchmark, and computation time of the measures as a proxy for computation complexity. Results show relative losses in accuracy are o���set by faster computations with fewer network dependencies.

The rise of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes is due to the need to reduce material and energy costs. It has the capacity to achieve specialized tools fast while offering the possibility of customize products for the end user. Unlike the majority of the traditional manufacturing processes, AM generally generates the part by depositing material in layers that fuse and create a specific geometry, like Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM). This comparatively recent technology is still being developed and adapted to the industry and materials requirements. Thus, im-provements are needed in areas like dimensional accuracy, geometric repeatability and material defects, among others, to be able to compare and have the same relia-bility that the products obtained by conventional manufacturing processes. Present work aims to carry out a dimensional control of workpieces designed to fit (axis-hole), so that the influence of certain printing parameters and the final dimensional precision of the specimens can be stablished. The printing parameter relation is studied for a composite material with a PLA matrix, reinforced with Carbon Fibers (PLA+CF), studying the influence of the printing temperature, the layer thickness and the printing direction. This material has been selected because PLA, together with ABS, is one of the most applied materials in AM. Notwithstanding, PLA is easy to process but lacks on resistance, which can be improved introducing carbon fiber as reinforcement. The best result is obtained decreasing the thickness. Also, In comparison with the vertical printing direction, Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

The challenge for city authorities goes beyond managing growing cities, since as cities develop, their exposure to climate change effects also increases. In this scenario, urban water supply is under unprecedented pressure, and the sustainable management of the water demand, in terms of practices including economic, social, environmental, production, and other fields, is becoming a must for utility managers and policy makers. To help tackle these challenges, this paper presents a well-timed review of predictive methods for short-term water demand. For this purpose, over 100 articles were selected from the articles published in water demand forecasting from 2010 to 2021 and classified upon the methods they use. In principle, the results show that traditional time series methods and artificial neural networks are among the most widely used methods in the literature, used in 25% and 20% of the articles in this review. However, the ultimate goal of the current work goes further, providing a comprehensive guideline for engineers and practitioners on selecting a forecasting method to use among the plethora of available options. The overall document results in an innovative reference tool, ready to support demand-informed decision making for disruptive technologies such as those coming from the Internet of Things and cyber–physical systems, as well as from the use of digital twin models of water infrastructure. On top of this, this paper includes a thorough review of how sustainable management objectives have evolved in a new era of technological developments, transforming data acquisition and treatment.

A comprehensive framework (from real-time prognostics to maintenance decisions) studying the influence of the imperfect prognostics information on maintenance decision is an underexplored area. Thus, we bridge the gap and propose a new comprehensive maintenance support system. First, a new sensor-based prognostics module was modelled employing the Weibull time-to-event recurrent neural network. In which, the prognostics competence was enhanced by predicting the parameters of failure distribution despite a single time-to-failure. In conjunction, new predictive maintenance (PdM) planning model was framed through a tradeoff between corrective maintenance and lost remaining life due to PdM. This optimises the time for maintenance via all gathered operational and maintenance cost parameters from the historical data. Its performance is highlighted with a case study on maintenance planning of cutting tools within a manufacturing facility. We provide systematic sensitivity analysis and discuss the impact of the imperfect prognostics information on maintenance decisions. Results show that uncertainty, regarding prediction, drops as time goes on; and as the uncertainty drops, the maintenance timing gets closer to the remaining useful life. This is expected as the risk of making the wrong decision decreases., This research was supported by the Next Generation Converged Digital Infrastructure project (EP/R004935/1) funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and British Telecommunications (BT). Also, supported by Royal Academy of Engineering London, UK (IAPP 18-10/31) and Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.

RESUMEN: La utilización de un sistema de localización en exteriores, como puede ser el GPS, proporciona datos útiles para numerosas funcionalidades como podemos ver en aplicaciones existentes en el mercado. Este sistema funciona mediante la utilización de satélites que pierden precisión si el objeto a detectar se encuentra dentro de una estructura como puede ser un edificio. Esta situación hace que los sistemas encargados de la localización en interiores estén ganando una gran popularidad en los últimos años. Sin embargo, muchos de estos sistemas tienen un coste elevado y son complejos. En este proyecto se presenta un estudio de las diferentes tecnologías existentes en el mercado para implementar esta funcionalidad, junto al posterior diseño e implementación de una aplicación que utilizando alguna de las tecnologías analizadas, obtenga la localización de diferentes activos en un espacio controlado. Es decir, el objetivo de la aplicación es obtener estas posiciones sirviendo como evaluación de la tecnología elegida. Los datos obtenidos por la aplicación podrán ser utilizados para la realización de diferentes acciones con el fin de automatizar tareas sobre el establecimiento en el que se implante el sistema, mejorando así la calidad del edificio. ABSTRACT: The use of an outdoor location system, like GPS, provides useful data for many functionalities as we can see in existing application in the market. This system works by using satellites which lose accuracy if the object to detect is within a structure such a building. This situation makes systems in charge of indoor location to increase their popularity in recent years. However, many of these systems have a high cost and are complex to use. This project presents a study of the different technologies available in the market for indoor location, along with the subsequent design, assembly and evaluation of chosen technique, whose final objective is obtaining the location, of different assets in a controlled space is presented. To do this, an application to obtain these positions, whose added functionality will be the evaluation of chosen technology will be made. This data will be used to carry out different subsequent actions to automate different establishment actions where system is implanted, improving their quality. This implementation is known as smart building. Grado en Ingeniería Informática

PRISMA checklist. (DOC 63Â kb)

DA effects. (DOCX 64Â kb)

Risk of bias assessment. (DOCX 46Â kb)

DA information. (DOCX 77Â kb)

The efficient computation of shortest paths in complex networks is essential to face new challenges related to critical infrastructures such as a near real-time monitoring and control and the management of big size systems. In particular, using information on the minimum paths in water distribution networks (WDNs) allows to track the diffusion of contaminants and to quantify the resilience and criticality of the system. This is, ultimately, approached by considering dynamically changing path-weights that depend on the flow or on other information available at run-time. These analyses tipically include all the WDN assets but reducing the high degree of physical details with a minimum lost of key information for their performance assessment. This paper proposes a strategy to compute minimum paths that is based on a dimensionality-reduction process. Specifically, the network is partitioned into communities and suitably modified to obtain a reduced complexity representation (e.g., in terms of number of nodes and links). The paper shows how this novel, reduced representation is equivalent to the traditional network on computing the shortest paths. The proposed approach is validated considering two utility networks as case studies. The results show that the proposed method provides the exact solution for the shortest path with a computational-time reduction consistently over 50\% and up to 90\% for some cases. Furthermore, the application of the proposal on WDNs partitioning shows both hydraulic and economic advantages thanks to their monitoring and controlling at near real-time., Comment: Submitted to IJCIP

Search histories bibliographic databases. (DOCX 25Â kb)

Mining time series has attracted an increasing interest due to its wide applications in finance, industry, biology, environment, and so on. In order to reduce execution time and storage space, many high level representations or abstractions of the raw time series data have been proposed including Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) and Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX). In this paper, we introduce a novel adaptive piecewise and symbolic aggregate approximation (APAA/ASAX) which creates segments of variable length in order to automatically adapt any segment length to its local condition of variability and difference to the average value of the current values in which the segment is defined. The average of each variable segment length from APAA is represented as a symbol from an ordered alphabet generating a modified version for SAX called adaptive SAX (ASAX). This straightforwardly allows to handle a more versatile definition for the event duration. The method APAA/ASAX was used for locating heat waves patterns in a real-world time series datasets of daily temperature information, from the year 1970 until 2009. The experimental results show that APAA/ASAX representation was able to locate heatwave events in a huge databases. Advantages of APAA regarding traditional PAA are mainly based on being constrain-free of fixed schemes of segment length. It also highlights the ability of self-tuning this length depending on local time series characteristics. This means that for flat time series APAA proposes a lower number of segments to reduce dimensionality than in the case to deal with time series of high variability. The approach will be of use to those looking extreme events in any time series.

Trece contribuciones de expertos españoles y extranjeros sobre transparencia.

The 9th RDA Plenary Meeting has taken place from 5th to 7th April 2017 at the Barcelo Sants Hotel, Barcelona, Spain.Organised under the theme “Data Infrastructures for Open Science”, the event will bring together an international multi-disciplinary audience of data scientists, researchers, industry leaders, entrepreneurs, policymakers and data stewards. Plenary meetings and networking opportunities are all focused on exploring the best ways to exploit the data revolution to improve science and society through data-driven discovery and innovation.Plenary programme highlights75+ Working and Interest Group meetingsPlenary Sessions on RDA Recommendations and AdoptionLeading Industry Panel discussionsRDA Recommendation demos and networking opportunitiesThe plenary meeting is organised by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) with the support of RDA Europe.; International audience; Data produced by biodiversity research projects that evaluate and monitor Good Environmental Status have a high potential for use by stakeholders involved in [marine] environmental management. The lack of specific scientific objectives, poor organizational logic, and a characteristically disorganized collection of information leads to a decentralized data distribution, hampering environmental research. In such a heterogeneous system across different organizations and data formats, it is difficult to efficiently harmonize the outputs. There are few tools available to assist. The task of the newly created consortium of IndexMeed is to index biodiversity data (and to provide an index of qualified existing open datasets) and make it possible to build graphs to assist in the analysis and development of new ways to mine data. Standards (including TDWG recommendations) and specific protocols can be applied to interconnect databases. Such semantic approaches greatly increase data interoperability. The aim of this poster is to present the 2016 IndexMed workshop results (https://indexmed2016.sciencesconf.org) and recent actions of the consortium (renamed IndexMeed - Indexing for Mining Ecological and Environmental Data): new approaches to investigate complex research questions and support the emergence of new scientific hypotheses. With one day of plenary sessions and two days of practical workshops, this event was dedicated to the sharing of experience and expertise, the acquisition of practical methods to construct graphs and value data through metadata and ”data papers”. Recent developments in data mining based on graphs, the potential for important contributions to environmental research, particularly about strategic decision-making, and new ways of organizing data were also discussed at the workshop. In particular, this workshop promoted decisions on how (i) to analyze heterogeneous distributed data spread in different databases, (ii) to create matches and incorporate some approximations, (iii) to identify statistical relationships between observed data and the emergence of contextual patterns, and (iv) to encourage openness and the sharing of data, in order to value data and their utilization. The IndexMeed project participants are now exploring the ability of two scientific communities (ecology sensu lato and computer sciences) to work together. The uses of data from biodiversity research demonstrate the prototype functionalities and introduce new perspectives to analyze environmental and societal responses including decision-making. Output of the seminar lists scientific questions that can be resolved by the new data mining approaches and proposes new ways to investigate heterogeneous environmental data with graph mining.

Treinta y una aportaciones de autores nacionales y extranjeros sobre la transparencia de las instituciones públicas y de los sujetos obligados por la Ley 19/2013 de 9 de diciembre y el derecho de acceso a la información pública.

The objective of this article is to describe the academic impact, the editorial process quality, and the editorial and visibility strategies of Bibliotecas. Anales de Investigación (BAI), a scientific Cuban journal edited by National Library of Cuba ―José Martí‖. The academic impact is determined through a citation analysis, which considers Google Scholar database as reference source. The bibliometric indicators applied are: citation per year, citation vs. self-citation, citable journals vs. non-citable documents, Hirsch Index, and impact factor. The editorial process quality and the visibility strategies are determined through a self-evaluation which takes into account the SciELO, Scopus, CLASE, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet, and ERIH PLUS methodologies. The results reveal an ascending citation line that highlights citing journals from the field of Library and Information Science, Medicine and Health Sciences, and Education. Aspects related content and format have negatively influenced on editorial process quality. Some strategies are proposed to improve scientific visibility through the inclusion in databases, directories, and social and academic networks. In general, this study contributes to the editorial decision taking, an issue that could augment the impact and scientific visibility of BAI.

Carta científica.

El artículo presenta los resultados de una experiencia pedagógica dirigida a la formación de la cultura ambiental de los docentes del municipio Campo Verde, Brasil, para que eduquen ambientalmente a sus alumnos desde la dirección del proceso de enseñanzaaprendizaje. La constatación de una práctica formal insufi ciente y tradicional de la educación ambiental —la cual puede ser expresión de la falta de cultura ambiental en los maestros—, justifi ca la propuesta e implementación de una estrategia de superación profesional utilizando la interpretación ambiental como vía metodológica para contribuir a la formación de la cultura ambiental. En la misma se integran como formas de superación el postgrado, el entrenamiento y la autosuperación. Como resultados se realiza el diagnóstico de las necesidades educativas que sirven de base al estudio, se presenta el diseño de la estrategia metodológica de superación profesional docente y se comentan los resultados de su validación a través de un estudio de caso., This paper presents an applied pedagogical experience about the formation of an environmental culture of the teachers in Campo Verde, Brazil, so they educate their students environmentally from the teaching-learning perspective. The verifi cation of an insufficient and traditional formal practice of the environmental education —which could be an expression of the lack of environmental culture among teachers—, justifi es the proposal and implementation of a strategy of professional teacher training using the environmental interpretation as a methodological way to contribute to the formation of an environmental culture. To accomplish this goal, a postgraduate course, training tasks, and self-improvement activities are integrated. The study of the results of the educational necessities that constitutes the base of this study and the design of the methodological strategy of professional teacher training are carried out; finally, the results of this case study are also explained.

El trabajo que se tiene lugar en este documento se basa en el estudio de viabilidad técnica de una planta de producción de butadieno a partir de la deshidrogenación de n-butanos. Se selecciona la producción anual de butadieno de una planta referente como criterio de diseño. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se emplea un programa de simulación que en este caso es Aspen Plus 8.8. Las conclusiones relevantes de este trabajo es el empleo conjunto de dos rutas principales de butadieno como es la deshidrogenación de n-butano y la oxideshidrogenación e n-butenos en el proceso. Además se obtiene el diseño de los equipos más representativos del proceso estudiado así como: Columna de destilación, bomba, compresor, reactor de oxideshidrogenación e intercambiador de calor. The work takes place in this document is based on technical feasibility study of a production of butadiene from the dehydrogenation of n-butane. The annual production of butadiene is selected as a reference plant design criteria. To carry out this study, it is realized with a simulation program in this case: Aspen Plus 8.8. The main conclusions of this work is the use of two main routes set butadiene as the dehydrogenation of n-butane and oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butene in this process. Besides it is obtained the design of representative equipment: Distillation column, pump, compressor, oxydehydrogenation reactor and heat exchanger Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Química

[Resumo] A interpretação ambiental é uma via de informação, reflexão e sensibilização no sentido promover a compreensão das mais diversas e complexas questões inerentes ao ambiente natural, cultural e social, através de um olhar crítico e reflexivo, viabilizando ações que promovam experiências de uso sustentável dos recursos naturais e culturais. Nesta perspectiva, a interpretação ambiental, enquanto via pedagógica e recurso metodológico, constitui-se em uma valiosa estratégia de otimização das interações entre o ser humano e seu contexto. A Proatividade é um conceito incipiente no mundo das corporações e trabalho. Pessoas proativas têm maiores possibilidades de conseguirem resultados exitosos e superarem os enfrentamentos do cotidiano. Nesta perspectiva, os olhos dos educadores devem ser educados para verem um mundo de possibilidades e, assim, serem protagonistas e disseminadores de uma mensagem motivadora e que proporcione ações sustentáveis e significativas aos seus alunos. Esta investigação é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e tem como objetivo proporcionar uma reflexão que contribua para uma nova postura e uma releitura proativa dos enfrentamentos cotidianos do aluno, a partir de uma educação norteada pela cultura ambiental, que busca alcançar resultados que efetivamente promovam a construção de uma sociedade cultural, social e economicamente sustentável. [Abstract] Environmental interpretation is a way of information, reflection and awareness in order to promote understanding of the diverse and complex issues related to the natural environment, cultural and social, through a critical and reflective look, enabling actions that promote sustainable use of experiences of resources natural and cultural. In this perspective, environmental interpretation, while pedagogical and methodological resource way, constitutes a valuable optimization strategy of the interactions between humans and their environment. The Proactivity is a nascent concept in the world of corporations and labor. Proactive people are more likely to achieve successful results and overcome the everyday confrontations. In this perspective, the eyes of educators should be educated to see a world of possibilities and thus be protagonists and disseminators of a motivating message and provides sustainable actions and meaningful to their students. This research is the result of a literature search and aims to provide a reflection that contribute to a new attitude and a proactive reinterpretation of daily confrontations of the student, from an education guided by environmental culture, that seeks to achieve results that effectively promote the construction a cultural, social and economically sustainable society.

We present a case study of the market of drug dealing in the context of a drug producing country. A main characteristic of a drug producing country is that illegal drugs are more accessible and have dramatically lower prices in the street market compared to countries that do not produce drugs. We locate our study to the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia; the country with the largest production of cocaine in the world. We make use of two sources of primary information (i) direct interviews to drug dealers, and (ii) media analysis of the local newspaper. Our main finding is that individual dealers exchange drugs, without any incentives to integrate and take control of the distribution in the city. That is, the low prices of drugs reduce profit and deter dealers to fight for monopoly, leading to a decentralized market of multiple uni-personal firms who use no violence.

This research debate convenes this article aims to show the importance of scientific journals in the field of communication of research results, premised on the social responsibility as a specific and necessary analysis. It is accurate as at present the informative concept in scientific journals is ethically responsible. Journals objective analysis as demonstrated in the discussion are committed to social responsibility that affects them, as communication channel and cohesion vehicle with scientific, technological and environmental guidelines that society provides for its development, being an intangible product communicative , affects the ability of the progress of society. El presente debate investigativo al que convoca este artículo, pretende evidenciar la importancia de las revistas científicas en el ámbito de la comunicación de resultados de investigación, sustentándose en la responsabilidad social como un análisis específico y necesario. Se precisa como en la actualidad la concepción divulgativa en las revistas científicas es éticamente responsable. Las revistas científicas como objetivo de análisis demuestra en el debate, como se comprometen con la responsabilidad social que les atañe, como canal comunicativo y vehículo en cohesión con los lineamientos científicos, tecnológicos y medioambientales que estipula la sociedad para su desarrollo, siendo un producto comunicativo intangible, incide la capacidad de progreso de la sociedad.

El estudio de la delincuencia y del incivismo ha sido abordado desde distintos ámbitos de la ciencia (ciencias jurídicas, psicología, criminología), aunque es indudable que las organizaciones policiales siempre han reconocido la importancia del componente geográfico en sus investigaciones. El presente estudio analiza los resultados obtenidos a partir de la implementación de estrategias de seguridad pública en el ámbito urbano en relación con una problemática concreta como es el ejercicio de la mendicidad en la ciudad de Castellón, tomando como referencia la aplicación de diversos algoritmos matemáticos y su utilización en sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). Esta combinación ha permitido tanto obtener una herramienta destinada a facilitar la interpretación descriptiva de la realidad como iniciar una línea de investigación destinada a la implementación de estrategias predictivas.

El Numerator es un material manipulativo que se utiliza en la clase de Matemática como apoyo para el profesorado a la hora de que los alumnos desarrollen su capacidad de abstracción y razonamiento, partiendo de la manipulación y realidad concreta de éste, tanto en la enseñanza de la numeración, como en la referida al bloque de operaciones en esta área. Este artículo recoge la experiencia desarrollada con este material en dos grupos del Segundo Ciclo de Primaria, en las que el alumnado ha sido partícipe desde el momento de la creación del material, logrando desarrollar una clase matemática activa, participativa, divertida y, sobre todo, manipulativa.

We describe efforts towards, and results of, a transnational collaboration between universities, government agencies, and an international organization in applying information technology (IT) to a problem of international concern: detecting and monitoring activities related to the transnational movement of illicit drugs. Starting from a general vision of how IT could assist in achieving this objective, we have agreed on likely user scenarios, infrastructure requirements and specifications for a prototype system whose initial focus is on collecting and sharing information related to the migration of individuals across borders. Albeit on a reduced scale, this system concretely exemplifies how information about potentially drug-related activities can be collected and accessed in different languages by privileged users through natural dialogue communication, and how it can be shared in a timely fashion to promote regional and international cooperation on solving the drug problem.

Sobre Jesús Martínez Guerricabeitia.

Se analiza la presencia y extensión del endemismo demandés amenazado Androsace rioxana A. Segura

Resumen tomado de la publicación Se muestra la experiencia realizada en el colegio Jaime Balmes de Cieza de Murcia, pensada para la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, tanto para el primer ciclo como para el segundo. Por su versatilidad es un proyecto dinámico y ampliable que, lejos de estar cerrado, permite la incorporación de nuevos contenidos adecuados a los diferentes niveles de esta etapa educativa. Es una aplicación hecha en lenguaje html, que se puede difundir en Internet como página web y cuyo principal objetivo es que los alumnos, mediante una metodología de trabajo adecuada y basada en el trabajo cooperativo, aprecien que las matemáticas son divertidas, que se pueden aprender de forma amena. Partiendo de los aspectos más lúdicos y divertidos de esta materia, se sientan las bases para profundizar en otros aspectos de más envergadura. Madrid ESP

El artículo forma parte del monográfico: Prevención y riesgos laborales del docente Se analiza la prevención de riesgos laborales en la docencia, destacando entre los más comunes, los problemas de espalda y lesiones por movimientos repetitivos. Se recomienda la elaboración de un programa de prevención especifico que contenga todos los principios de la ergonomía. Murcia ESP

Se clasifican los programus de oáloulo de estructuras en una serie de tipos 1, 2, 3 y 4 y se comenta la relaoión del tipo de programa con la aotitud del autor o usuario del mismo. La clasificación no intenta ser completa, pero desea reflejar la experiencia obtenida por los autores durante su actuación profesional en este campo.

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Grado de Doctora en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos., En esta Tesis Doctoral se han realizado estudios encaminados a evaluar el estado nutricional durante el embarazo y la posible influencia tanto del índice de masa corporal de la madre como la fase de la lactancia en la composición de la leche materna. En primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de la composición corporal de mujeres embarazadas residentes en la provincia de Granada durante el primer trimestre de embarazo mediante el uso de medidas antropométricas. Además, se ha determinado la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y se ha estimado la ingesta de nutrientes mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos durante ese mismo periodo. Este estudio pone de manifiesto que las mujeres embarazadas no han alcanzado algunas recomendaciones establecidas para esta etapa de la vida. La composición de la dieta en cuanto a macronutrientes no era adecuada según las recomendaciones y también se han encontrado ingestas inadecuadas de varios micronutrientes que son relevantes durante el embarazo. En segundo lugar, se han estudiado los principales cambios en el perfil de ácidos grasos de muestras de leche materna recogidas en diferentes momentos de la lactancia y se han comparado con distintas fórmulas infantiles. Para ello, se han determinado los ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS/MS), encontrándose diferencias significativas entre las muestras de leche materna y las fórmulas infantiles, principalmente en ácidos grasos esenciales (α-linolénico) y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (DHA y EPA). Además, se pone de manifiesto que la leche materna se trata de un fluido dinámico y cambiante con el tiempo. En tercer lugar, se han llevado a cabo un estudio del perfil proteico y peptídico de la leche materna, simulando la digestión gastrointestinal en condiciones del lactante. se ha caracterizado el perfil de proteínas mediante espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF, demostrando ser una herramienta con una alta eficacia para asociar el perfil proteico de la leche con la composición corporal de la madre. Seguidamente, se ha empleado un modelo in vitro para evaluar la degradación de las proteínas y la liberación de péptidos. Mediante la aplicación de técnicas como la electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida, SDS-PAGE y la cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (UPLC), se ha observado que durante la fase gástrica existe una alta resistencia de las proteínas más abundantes del suero humano, α-lactolbúmina y lactoferrina al contrario de lo que ocurre con las caseínas, especialmente la β-caseína que se hidrolizan en gran medida debido a su estructura flexible. En cambio, la digestión intestinal da lugar a una rápida hidrólisis de las proteínas intactas que quedaban tras la fase gástrica. Estos datos son similares a los observados in vivo. Los péptidos identificados en los digeridos de la leche materna mediante cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (HPLC–MS/MS) pertenecieron a veinte proteínas diferentes, encontrándose noventa secuencias habían sido identificadas previamente en digestiones de recién nacidos tras el consumo de leche materna. Las principales bioactividades asociadas a estos péptidos fueron antioxidantes, opioides, inmunomoduladoras, antimicrobianas y antibacterianas; y se identificaron con predominio de las tres proteínas más abundantes, como son la β-caseína, lactoferrina y α-lactoalbúmina, coincidiendo total o parcialmente con péptidos bioactivos descritos en la bibliografía, incluso encontrados en digeridos in vivo. El último objetivo ha sido estudiar el perfil de compuestos fenólicos individuales en muestras de leche materna de diferentes etapas de la lactancia y fórmulas infantiles mediante un método de cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (UPLC-MS/MS). Se han conseguido cuantificar 26 compuestos fenólicos (diez ácidos hidroxibenzoicos, siete ácidos hidroxicinámicos, cuatro flavonoides, tres hidroxibenzaldehídos y otros dos compuestos fenólicos), encontrándose que la leche materna contiene el doble de compuestos fenólicos individuales que las fórmulas infantiles, con una mayor proporción de ácidos hidroxibenzoicos. Algunos de estos compuestos fenólicos no habían sido descritos previamente en leche materna. Por el contrario, las fórmulas infantiles mostraron una mayor proporción de ácidos hidroxicinámicos. Por último, se ha estudiado el contenido total de compuestos fenólicos mediante el ensayo de Folin-Ciocalteu y la actividad antioxidantecon los ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. La leche materna ha demostrado tener mayor contenido en compuestos fenólicos totales, encontrando sólo pequeñas variaciones entre las diferentes etapas de la lactancia. Sin embargo, las fórmulas infantiles han mostrado una mayor capacidad antioxidante para el ensayo DPPH y ABTS., Beca predoctoral del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España).

Mediante la confección del presente trabajo de fin de máster, se pretende el análisis de las diferentes cifras relativas al fenómeno del suicidio, que varían sustancialmente en función del organismo que las aporte. Se comprobará si ha existido un incremento significativo en los últimos quince años en la población general española y también si como afirman sindicatos y asociaciones profesionales, la tasa de suicidios en el colectivo policial triplica la tasa registrada para el resto de la ciudadanía. En Primer lugar, se estudia la presencia de los factores de riesgo y protectores en los funcionarios de orden público, identificando los originados por el funcionamiento de la propia organización policial, para después realizar una comparativa de los diferentes planes de prevención existentes y proponer mejoras para aumentar la eficacia del plan de prevención aprobado en el año 2020 en el Cuerpo Nacional de Policía. Through the preparation of this master's thesis, the aim is to analyze the different figures related to the phenomenon of suicide, which vary substantially depending on the organism that contributes them. It will be verified if there has been a significant increase in the last fifteen years in the general Spanish population and also if, as affirmed by unions and professional associations, the suicide rate in the police community triples the rate registered for the rest of the citizenry. In the first place, the presence of risk and protective factors in public order officials is studied, identifying those caused by the operation of the police organization itself, and then making a comparison of the different existing prevention plans and proposing improvements to increase the effectiveness of the prevention plan approved in 2020 in the National Police Corps.

El presente trabajo se centra en los efectos que la crisis sanitaria originada por el COVID-19 ha tenido en la gestión de la seguridad, desde el modelo policial de la Policía de Proximidad, en la Villa de Bilbao. A tal fin se analiza si el actual modelo de Policía ha si do capaz de cubrir las nuevas y específicas necesidades relacionadas con la seguridad ciudadana que la pandemia ha generado, y si ha resistido a las adaptaciones ad hoc que se han tenido que implementar. Se propone el caso de la Villa de Bilbao como laboratorio social en el que se estudia el impacto de la pandemia, las deficiencias detectadas, las posibles amenazas futuras al sistema y potenciales soluciones a las mismas. Se expone un modelo de Policía de Proximidad revisado y adaptado a las potenciales futuras crisis a las que se puede llegar a tener que hacer frente. This paper focuses on the effects that the health crisis caused by COVID-19 has had on the management of security, based on the community policing model, in the city of Bilbao. That is why whether the current police model has been able to cover the new and specific needs related to citizen security that the pandemic has generated and whether it has resisted the ad hoc adaptations that have had to be implemented is analysed. The case of the city of Bilbao is proposed as a social laboratory where the impact of the pandemic, the deficiencies that have been detected, the possible future threats against the system and the potential solutions are studied. A revised Community Policing model is presented, adapted to the potential future crises that may be faced.

El trabajo propuesto parte de la necesidad de establecer medidas de prevención de la radicalización violenta, con el terrorismo como máximo exponente, que se fundamenten en marcos teóricos que permitan abordar la complejidad de dicho fenómeno. Tanto teorías a nivel micro como macro han tratado de explicar y predecir el terrorismo con resultados cuestionables y una serie de limitaciones en materia de prevención, no obstante, la Psicología Social, como área de estudio que se sitúa entre ambos niveles, dispone de todo un compendio teórico que permite enlazar los diferentes factores de este fenómeno situado en un continuo que va de lo personal a lo social. Desde esta premisa, el constructo de identidad social, desarrollado en teorías de consolidada tradición en Psicología Social, se plantea como un modelo que se pueda incorporar (y de ese modo tratar de mejorar) a estrategias de prevención criminológicas, siendo en ese sentido las estrategias comunitarias y orientadas a la solución de problemas las que responden mejor a la filosofía teórica que trata de establecerse como guía en el presente trabajo, con el concepto de comunidad como elemento clave de todo su desarrollo, ya sea teórico o práctico. Así, tras un análisis de los modelos de identidad social, con un especial protagonismo de la relación entre el concepto de fusión de identidad y la radicalización violenta, se presenta una propuesta de diseño de intervención comunitaria basada en una adaptación de la estrategia “Pulling Levers” Policing (PL) a la cual se añaden elementos formulados desde el Modelo de la Identidad Endogrupal Común (MIEC). The proposed work is based on the need to establish measures to prevent violent radicalization, with terrorism as the maximum exponent, which are based on theoretical frameworks that allow addressing the complexity of said phenomenon. Both theories at the micro and macro level have tried to explain and predict terrorism with questionable results and a series of limitations in terms of prevention, however, Social Psychology, as an area of study that is situated between both levels, has a whole Theoretical compendium that allows linking the different factors of this phenomenon located on a continuum that goes from the personal to the social. From this premise, the construct of social identity, developed in theories of consolidated tradition in Social Psychology, is proposed as a model that can be incorporated (and thus try to improve) to criminological prevention strategies, being in that sense the strategies community-oriented and problem-solving are those that best respond to the theoretical philosophy that tries to establish itself as a guide in this work, with the concept of community as a key element in all its development, whether theoretical or practical. Thus, after an analysis of the models of social identity, with a special role in the relationship between the concept of identity fusion and violent radicalization, a proposal for a community intervention design based on an adaptation of the “Pulling Levers” Policing (PL) strategy is presented, to which elements formulated from the Common Ingroup Identity Model (CIIM) are added.

Después de más de tres décadas de modelo policial español, nacido con el objetivo de salvaguardar la estructura de poder y sustentado en las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado, es ineludible plantear la realización de una revisión del modelo para adaptarlo a las nuevas necesidades delincuenciales y de la propia sociedad española, todo ello sin dejar a un lado los valores constitucionales y sin olvidar el mandato que tienen las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad de proteger el libre ejercicio de los derechos y libertades que otorga la constitución española a los ciudadanos. Para realizar esa revisión, se va a examinar los diversos modelos policiales dentro del marco teórico. Además, se va a profundizar en otros modelos policiales, por ejemplo, la policía gubernativa, la policía comunitaria, el modelo profesional o los modelos comparados policiales de países europeos. Por último, se va a proponer un modelo policial actualizado, manteniendo los aspectos positivos anteriores, modificando los aspectos negativos del modelo anterior y añadiendo aspectos nuevos que se adapten a las nuevas necesidades delincuenciales, siempre defendiendo los derechos y libertades que brinda la constitución española de 1978. After three decades of the Spanish police model, born with the aim of safeguarding the power structure and supported by the State Police, it is unavoidable to carry out a review of the model to adapt it to new criminal needs without leaving aside the constitutional values and without forgetting the mandate that the Police Force have to protect the free exercise of the rights and freedoms that the Spanish constitution gives to citizens. To carry out this review, the various police models will be examined within the theoretical framework. In addition, it is going to delve into other police models, for example, the government police, the community police, the professional model or the comparative European country police models. Finally, an updated police model will be proposed, maintaining the previous positive aspects, modifying the negative aspects of the previous model and adding new aspects that adapt to new criminal needs, always defending the rights and freedoms provided by the Spanish constitution of 1978.

Current and future smart cities are moving towards the zero-net energy use concept. To this end, the built environment should also be designed for efficient energy use and play a significant role in the production of such energy. At present, this is achieved by focusing on energy demand in buildings and to the renewable trade-off related to smart power grids. However, urban water distribution systems constantly carry an excess of hydraulic energy that can potentially be recovered to produce electricity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current strategies for energy production by reviewing the state-of-the-art of smart water systems. New technologies (such as cyber-physical systems, digital twins, blockchain) and new methodologies (network dynamics, geometric deep learning) associated with digital water are also discussed. The paper then focuses on modelling the installation of both micro-turbines and pumps as turbines, instead of/together with pressure reduction valves, to further demonstrate the energy-recovery methods which will enable water network partitioning into district metered areas. The associated benefits on leakage control, as a source of energy, and for contributing to overall network resilience are also highlighted. The paper concludes by presenting future research directions. Notably, digital water is proposed as the main research and operational direction for current and future Water Distribution Systems (WDS) and as a holistic, data-centred framework for the operation and management of water networks.

[EN] Systems engineering is an ubiquitous discipline of Engineering overlapping industrial, chemical, mechanical, manufacturing, control, software, electrical, and civil engineering. It provides tools for dealing with the complexity and dynamics related to the optimisation of physical, natural, and virtual systems management. This paper presents a review of how multi-agent systems and complex networks theory are brought together to address systems engineering and management problems. The review also encompasses current and future research directions both for theoretical fundamentals and applications in the industry. This is made by considering trends such as mesoscale, multiscale, and multilayer networks along with the state-of-art analysis on network dynamics and intelligent networks. Critical and smart infrastructure, manufacturing processes, and supply chain networks are instances of research topics for which this literature review is highly relevant., This research was funded by the EPSRC and BT Prosperity Partnership project: Next Generation Converged Digital Infrastructure, grant number EP/R004935/1.

The optimal and sustainable management of water distribution systems still represent an arduous task. In many instances, especially in aging water net-works, pressure management is imperative for reducing breakages and leakages. Therefore, optimal District Metered Areas represent an effective solution to decreasing the overall energy input without performance compromise. Within this context, this paper proposes a novel adaptive management framework for water distribution systems by reconfiguring the original network layout into (dynamic) district metered areas. It utilises a multiscale clustering algorithm to schedule district aggregation/desegregation, whilst delivering energy and supply management goals. The resulting framework was tested in a water utility network for the simultaneously production of energy during the day (by means of the installation of micro-hydropower systems) and for the reduction of water leakage during the night. From computational viewpoint, this was found to significantly reduce the time and complexity during the clustering and the dividing phase. In addition, in this case, a recovered energy potential of 19 MWh per year and leakage reduction of up to 16% was found. The addition of pump-as-turbines was also found to reduce investment and maintenance costs, giving improved reliability to the monitoring stations. The financial analyses to define the optimal period in which to invest also showed the economic feasibility of the proposed solution, which assures, in the analysed case study, a positive annual net income in just five years. This study demonstrates that the combined optimisation, energy recovery and creation of optimized multiple-task district stations lead to an efficient, resilient, sustainable, and low-cost management strategy for water distribution networks.

[Introduction] Investigation and control of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) outbreak that affected the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a university hospital from October to December 2012. [Patients and methods] Cohort study of children admitted to the NICU. The infection attack rate was calculated. A descriptive analysis of the cases and a multivariate analysis was performed using the variables that were shown to be risk factors for RSV infection. Preventive measures taken were: contact isolation; hand hygiene training and observation; exclusivity of a health team of nurses and physicians for positive cases, restrictions on visitor numbers; surveillance RSV testing, and palivizumab prophylaxis. [Results] The outbreak had three epidemic waves and 20 positive cases out of a total of 48 children admitted. The overall attack rate was 42%. Half of positive cases were children, with a median age of 36 days (p25 = 22, p75 = 58). The independent risk factors for RSV infection were birth weight below 1000 grams (OR = 23.5; P=.002) and to have another nosocomial infection the week before the diagnosis of RSV infection (OR = 19.98; P=.016). [Conclusions] It was an outbreak with a high number of cases, due to the delay in notification, prolonged RSV carrier status, and low adherence to hand hygiene practice, which favoured the cross-transmission of infection. The most effective preventive measures were direct observation of hand hygiene and supervision of isolation measures. [Patients and methods] Cohort study of children admitted to the NICU. The infection attack rate was calculated. A descriptive analysis of the cases and a multivariate analysis was performed using the variables that were shown to be risk factors for RSV infection. Preventive measures taken were: contact isolation; hand hygiene training and observation; exclusivity of a health team of nurses and physicians for positive cases, restrictions on visitor numbers; surveillance RSV testing, and palivizumab prophylaxis. [Results] The outbreak had three epidemic waves and 20 positive cases out of a total of 48 children admitted. The overall attack rate was 42%. Half of positive cases were children, with a median age of 36 days (p25 = 22, p75 = 58). The independent risk factors for RSV infection were birth weight below 1000 grams (OR = 23.5; P=.002) and to have another nosocomial infection the week before the diagnosis of RSV infection (OR = 19.98; P=.016). [Conclusions] It was an outbreak with a high number of cases, due to the delay in notification, prolonged RSV carrier status, and low adherence to hand hygiene practice, which favoured the cross-transmission of infection. The most effective preventive measures were direct observation of hand hygiene and supervision of isolation measures. [Introducción] Investigación y control de un brote por virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) que afectó a la Unidad de Neonatología (UN) de un hospital universitario de octubre a diciembre del 2012. [Pacientes y métodos] Estudio de cohortes de los niños ingresados en la UN. Se calculó la tasa de ataque de infección y se realizaron un análisis descriptivo de los casos y un análisis multivariante de aquellas variables que mostraron ser factores de riesgo de infección por VRS. Las medidas preventivas llevadas a cabo fueron: aislamiento de contacto de casos; formación y observación de higiene de manos; exclusividad del personal sanitario para casos, restricción de visitas; estudio de portadores de VRS y profilaxis con palivizumab. [Resultados] El brote tuvo 3 ondas epidémicas y un total de 20 casos, de 48 niños ingresados. La tasa de ataque global fue del 42%. De los casos, la mitad fueron niños, con una edad mediana de 36 días (p25 = 22, p75 = 58). El peso al nacimiento inferior a 1.000 g (OR = 23,5; p = 0,002) y tener otra infección nosocomial en la semana previa al diagnóstico de infección por VRS (OR = 19,98; p = 0,016), fueron factores de riesgo independientes de infección por VRS. [Conclusiones] Se trató de un brote epidémico con un elevado número de casos, relacionado con el retraso en la notificación, el tiempo prolongado del estado de portador del VRS y los fallos en el cumplimiento de la higiene de manos, que favoreció la transmisión cruzada de la infección. Las medidas preventivas más eficaces fueron la observación directa de higiene de manos y supervisión de las medidas de aislamiento.

Cities depend on multiple heterogeneous, interconnected infrastructures to provide safe water to consumers. Given this complexity, efficient numerical techniques are needed to support optimal control and management of a water distribution network (WDN). This paper introduces a holistic analysis framework to support water utilities on the decision making process for an efficient supply management. The proposal is based on graph spectral techniques that take advantage of eigenvalues and eigenvectors properties of matrices that are associated with graphs. Instances of these matrices are the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian, among others. The interest for this application is to work on a graph that specifically represents a WDN. This is a complex network that is made by nodes corresponding to water sources and consumption points and links corresponding to pipes and valves. The aim is to face new challenges on urban water supply, ranging from computing approximations for network performance assessment to setting device positioning for efficient and automatic WDN division into district metered areas. It is consequently created a novel tool-set of graph spectral techniques adapted to improve main water management tasks and to simplify the identification of water losses through the definition of an optimal network partitioning. Two WDNs are used to analyze the proposed methodology. Firstly, the well-known network of C-Town is investigated for benchmarking of the proposed graph spectral framework. This allows for comparing the obtained results with others coming from previously proposed approaches in literature. The second case-study corresponds to an operational network. It shows the usefulness and optimality of the proposal to effectively manage a WDN.